To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Skeletal robustness.
Journal articles on the topic 'Skeletal robustness'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Skeletal robustness.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rietsch, Katrin, Jana A. Eccard, and Christiane Scheffler. "Decreased external skeletal robustness due to reduced physical activity?" American Journal of Human Biology 25, no. 3 (April 20, 2013): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22389.
Full text
2
Fekete, Dorottya, Joaquin Fontbona, and Andreas E. Kyprianou. "Skeletal stochastic differential equations for superprocesses." Journal of Applied Probability 57, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 1111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2020.53.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIt is well understood that a supercritical superprocess is equal in law to a discrete Markov branching process whose genealogy is dressed in a Poissonian way with immigration which initiates subcritical superprocesses. The Markov branching process corresponds to the genealogical description of prolific individuals, that is, individuals who produce eternal genealogical lines of descent, and is often referred to as the skeleton or backbone of the original superprocess. The Poissonian dressing along the skeleton may be considered to be the remaining non-prolific genealogical mass in the superprocess. Such skeletal decompositions are equally well understood for continuous-state branching processes (CSBP).In a previous article [16] we developed an SDE approach to study the skeletal representation of CSBPs, which provided a common framework for the skeletal decompositions of supercritical and (sub)critical CSBPs. It also helped us to understand how the skeleton thins down onto one infinite line of descent when conditioning on survival until larger and larger times, and eventually forever.Here our main motivation is to show the robustness of the SDE approach by expanding it to the spatial setting of superprocesses. The current article only considers supercritical superprocesses, leaving the subcritical case open.
3
Scheffler, Christiane. "The change of skeletal robustness of 6-12 years old children in Brandenburg (Germany) - Comparison of body composition 1999-2009." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 68, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0095.
Full text
4
Bakken, Rune Havnung, and Lars Moland Eliassen. "Real-time three-dimensional skeletonisation using general-purpose computing on graphics processing units applied to computer vision-based human pose estimation." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 31, no. 4 (January 26, 2015): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342014566289.
Full textAbstract:
Human pose estimation is the process of approximating the configuration of the body’s underlying skeletal articulation in one or more frames. The curve-skeleton of an object is a line-like representation that preserves topology and geometrical information. Finding the curve-skeleton of a volume corresponding to the person is a good starting point for approximating the underlying skeletal structure. In this paper, a GPU implementation of a fully parallel thinning algorithm based on the critical kernel framework is presented. The algorithm is compared to three other state-of-the-art skeletonisation methods—two CPU and one GPU implementation—using both real and synthetic data. It is demonstrated that all four achieve close to real-time frame rates, however, the proposed algorithm yields superior accuracy and robustness when used in a pose estimation context. The GPU implementation is > 8× faster than a CPU implementation of the same algorithm, and the positions of the 4 extremities are estimated with rms error ∼6 cm and ∼98% of frames correctly labelled for some sequences.
5
Navazo, Bárbara, Evelia Oyhenart, Silvia Dahinten, Rebekka Mumm, and Christiane Scheffler. "Decrease of external skeletal robustness (Frame Index) between two cohorts of school children living in Puerto Madryn, Argentina at the beginning of the 21st century." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 77, no. 5 (December 1, 2020): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1182.
Full text
6
Bhola, Siddharth, Julia Chen, Joseph Fusco, G. Felipe Duarte, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, Richard Ghillani, and Karl J. Jepsen. "Variation in childhood skeletal robustness is an important determinant of cortical area in young adults." Bone 49, no. 4 (October 2011): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.07.018.
Full text
7
Novak, Mario, Timka Alihodžić, and Mario Šlaus. "Navigare necesse est. Possible reconstruction of a maritime-activities related occupation based on the presence of auditory exostoses in an individual from the Roman period city of Iader." Anthropological Review 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Large bilateral auditory exostoses were recorded in the skeleton of an adult male buried in the Roman period necropolis of Zadar-Relja (the Roman colony of Iader) in southern Croatia. As the occurrence of auditory exostoses in both past and modern populations has been correlated with prolonged exposure to cold water, the authors propose that during his lifetime this individual performed activities requiring frequent contact with cold water for an extended period of time. Apart from auditory exostoses, this individual also exhibits other pathological changes including pronounced skeletal robustness, benign cortical defects at the insertion of the pectoralis major muscles on both humeri and at the attachment sites of the costo-clavicular ligaments on both clavicles, and vertebral osteoarthritis in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The most plausible explanation for all these changes is that this person spent most of his life working aboard a sea vessel as a sailor, boat builder or fisherman, and whose duties included frequent and intensive use of oars. This observation is based on the geographic and climatic location of Zadar, the described skeletal changes, the archaeological context of the site, recovered material artifacts and written historic sources and comparisons with similar studies.
8
Dong, Jiuqing, Yongbin Gao, Hyo Jong Lee, Heng Zhou, Yifan Yao, Zhijun Fang, and Bo Huang. "Action Recognition Based on the Fusion of Graph Convolutional Networks with High Order Features." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041482.
Full textAbstract:
Skeleton-based action recognition is a widely used task in action related research because of its clear features and the invariance of human appearances and illumination. Furthermore, it can also effectively improve the robustness of the action recognition. Graph convolutional networks have been implemented on those skeletal data to recognize actions. Recent studies have shown that the graph convolutional neural network works well in the action recognition task using spatial and temporal features of skeleton data. The prevalent methods to extract the spatial and temporal features purely rely on a deep network to learn from primitive 3D position. In this paper, we propose a novel action recognition method applying high-order spatial and temporal features from skeleton data, such as velocity features, acceleration features, and relative distance between 3D joints. Meanwhile, a method of multi-stream feature fusion is adopted to fuse these high-order features we proposed. Extensive experiments on Two large and challenging datasets, NTU-RGBD and NTU-RGBD-120, indicate that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance.
9
Rietsch, Katrin, Elena Godina, and Christiane Scheffler. "Decreased External Skeletal Robustness in Schoolchildren – A Global Trend? Ten Year Comparison of Russian and German Data." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (July 23, 2013): e68195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068195.
Full text
10
Belaústegui, Zain, Fernando Muñiz, James H. Nebelsick, Rosa Domènech, and Jordi Martinell. "Echinoderm ichnology: bioturbation, bioerosion and related processes." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 4 (February 9, 2017): 643–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.146.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAmong invertebrates and both in modern and ancient marine environments, certain echinoderms have been and are some of the most active and widespread bioturbators and bioeroders. Bioturbation and/or bioerosion of regular and irregular echinoids, starfish, brittle stars, sea cucumbers and crinoids are known from modern settings, and some of the resulting traces have their counterparts in the fossil record. By contrast, surficial trails or trackways produced by other modern echinoderms, e.g., sand dollars, exhibit a lower preservation rate and have not yet been identified in the fossil record. In addition, the unique features of the echinoderm skeleton (e.g., composition, rapid growth, multi-element architecture, etc.) may promote the production of related traces produced by the reutilization of echinoderm ossicles (e.g., burrow lining), predation (e.g., borings), or parasitism (e.g., swellings or cysts). Finally, the skeletal robustness of some echinoids may promote their post mortum use as benthic islands for the settlement of hard-substrate dwellers.
11
Li, Zhengwei, Yongbeom Seo, Onur Aydin, Mohamed Elhebeary, Roger D. Kamm, Hyunjoon Kong, and M. Taher A. Saif. "Biohybrid valveless pump-bot powered by engineered skeletal muscle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 5 (January 11, 2019): 1543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817682116.
Full textAbstract:
Pumps are critical life-sustaining components for all animals. At the earliest stages of life, the tubular embryonic heart works as a valveless pump capable of generating unidirectional blood flow. Inspired by this elementary pump, we developed an example of a biohybrid valveless pump-bot powered by engineered skeletal muscle. Our pump-bot consists of a soft hydrogel tube connected at both ends to a stiffer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffold, creating an impedance mismatch. A contractile muscle ring wraps around the hydrogel tube at an off-center location, squeezing the tube with or without buckling it locally. Cyclic muscle contractions, spontaneous or electrically stimulated, further squeeze the tube, resulting in elastic waves that propagate along the soft tube and get reflected back at the soft/stiff tube boundaries. Asymmetric placement of muscle ring results in a time delay between the wave arrivals, thus establishing a net unidirectional fluid flow irrespective of whether the tube is buckled or not. Flow rates of up to 22.5 μL/min are achieved by the present pump-bot, which are at least three orders of magnitude higher than those from cardiomyocyte-powered valve pumps of similar size. Owning to its simple geometry, robustness, ease of fabrication, and high pumping performance, our pump-bot is particularly well-suited for a wide range of biomedical applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, biomedical devices, cardiovascular pumping system, and more.
12
MAINI, P. K. "HIERARCHICAL MODELS FOR SPATIAL PATTERN FORMATION IN BIOLOGY." Journal of Biological Systems 03, no. 04 (December 1995): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339095000885.
Full textAbstract:
We review some recent work investigating a hierarchy of patterning processes in which a reaction-diffusion model forms the top level. In one such hierarchy, it is assumed that the boundary is differentiated, and it is shown that this can greatly enhance the robustness of the patterns subsequently formed by the reaction-diffusion model. In the second, a spatial heterogeneity in background environment is first set-up by a simple gradient model. The resulting patterns produced by the reaction-diffusion system may be isolated to specific parts of the domain. The application of such hierarchical models to skeletal patterning in the tetrapod limb is considered.
13
Rauhut, Oliver W. M., Laura Piñuela, Diego Castanera, José-Carlos García-Ramos, and Irene Sánchez Cela. "The largest European theropod dinosaurs: remains of a gigantic megalosaurid and giant theropod tracks from the Kimmeridgian of Asturias, Spain." PeerJ 6 (July 5, 2018): e4963. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4963.
Full textAbstract:
The Kimmeridgian Vega, Tereñes and Lastres formations of Asturias have yielded a rich vertebrate fauna, represented by both abundant tracks and osteological remains. However, skeletal remains of theropod dinosaurs are rare, and the diversity of theropod tracks has only partially been documented in the literature. Here we describe the only non-dental osteological theropod remain recovered so far, an isolated anterior caudal vertebra, as well as the largest theropod tracks found. The caudal vertebra can be shown to represent a megalosaurine megalosaurid and represents the largest theropod skeletal remain described from Europe so far. The tracks are also amongst the largest theropod footprints reported from any setting and can be assigned to two different morphotypes, one being characterized by its robustness and a weak mesaxony, and the other characterized by a strong mesaxony, representing a more gracile trackmaker. We discuss the recently proposed distinction between robust and gracile large to giant theropod tracks and their possible trackmakers during the Late Jurassic-Berriasian. In the absence of complete pedal skeletons of most basal tetanurans, the identity of the maker of Jurassic giant theropod tracks is difficult to establish. However, the notable robustness of megalosaurine megalosaurids fits well with the described robust morphotypes, whereas more slender large theropod tracks might have been made by a variety of basal tetanurans, including allosaurids, metriocanthosaurids or afrovenatorine megalosaurids, or even exceptionally large ceratosaurs. Concerning osteological remains of large theropods from the Late Jurassic of Europe, megalosaurids seem to be more abundant than previously recognized and occur in basically all Jurassic deposits where theropod remains have been found, whereas allosauroids seem to be represented by allosaurids in Western Europe and metriacanthosaurids in more eastern areas. Short-term fluctuations in sea level might have allowed exchange of large theropods between the islands that constituted Europe during the Late Jurassic.
14
NIKOLOVA, Mima, Silviya MLADENOVA, Doychin BOYADZHIEV, and Tanya PASKALEVA. "CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION AND SKELETAL ROBUSTNESS IN 7-17-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM PLOVDIV, BULGARIA (1998-2008)." Anthropological Researches and Studies 9, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26758/9.1.4.
Full text
15
Scheffler, Christiane, Birgit Gniosdorz, Kaspar Staub, and Frank Rühli. "Skeletal robustness and bone strength as measured by anthropometry and ultrasonography as a function of physical activity in young adults." American Journal of Human Biology 26, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22504.
Full text
16
Huo, Lin-sheng, Xu Li, Yeong-Bin Yang, and Hong-Nan Li. "Damage Detection of Structures for Ambient Loading Based on Cross Correlation Function Amplitude and SVM." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3989743.
Full textAbstract:
An effective method for the damage detection of skeletal structures which combines the cross correlation function amplitude (CCFA) with the support vector machine (SVM) is presented in this paper. The proposed method consists of two stages. Firstly, the data features are extracted from the CCFA, which, calculated from dynamic responses and as a representation of the modal shapes of the structure, changes when damage occurs on the structure. The data features are then input into the SVM with the one-against-one (OAO) algorithm to classify the damage status of the structure. The simulation data of IASC-ASCE benchmark model and a vibration experiment of truss structure are adopted to verify the feasibility of proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is suitable for the damage identification of skeletal structures with the limited sensors subjected to ambient excitation. As the CCFA based data features are sensitive to damage, the proposed method demonstrates its reliability in the diagnosis of structures with damage, especially for those with minor damage. In addition, the proposed method shows better noise robustness and is more suitable for noisy environments.
17
Corbaci, Mert, Wayne Walter, and Kathleen Lamkin-Kennard. "Implementation of Soft-Lithography Techniques for Fabrication of Bio-Inspired Multi-Layer Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Interdigitated Mechanically Compliant Electrodes." Actuators 7, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7040073.
Full textAbstract:
Advancements in software engineering have enabled the robotics industry to transition from the use of giant industrial robots to more friendly humanoid robots. Soft robotics is one of the key elements needed to advance the transition process by providing a safer way for robots to interact with the environment. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are one of the best candidate materials for the next generation of soft robotic actuators and artificial muscles. Lightweight dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) provide optimal properties such as high elasticity, rapid response rates, mechanical robustness and compliance. However, for DEAs to become widely used as artificial muscles or soft actuators, there are current limitations, such as high actuation voltage requirements, control of actuation direction, and scaling, that need to be addressed. The authors’ approach to overcome the drawbacks of conventional DEAs is inspired by the natural skeletal muscles. Instead of fabricating a large DEA device, smaller sub-units can be fabricated and bundled together to form larger actuators, similar to the way myofibrils form myocytes in skeletal muscles. The current study presents a novel fabrication approach, utilizing soft lithography and other microfabrication techniques, to allow fabrication of multilayer stacked DEA structures, composed of hundreds of micro-sized DEA units.
18
Mead, Jim I., Arthur E. Spiess, and Kristin D. Sobolik. "Skeleton of Extinct North American Sea Mink (Mustela macrodon)." Quaternary Research 53, no. 2 (March 2000): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2109.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMustela macrodon (extinct sea mink) is known only from prehistoric and historic Native American shell middens dating less than 5100 years old along coastal islands of the Gulf of Maine, northeastern North America. The species is distinct from all known extant subspecies of M. vison (American mink) but still belongs to the North American subgenus Vison. Metric comparisons between M. macrodon and five subspecies of M. vison, using skull, mandible, humerus, radius, femur, and tibia skeletal elements, show that M. macrodon is larger in overall size and robustness and is proportionately larger in the dental region. Many habitat-related parallels exist between coastal island mink of the Gulf of Maine and those of the Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska, where the overall largest living subspecies of mink is found (M. v. nesolestes).
19
Chin, Diana D., Laura Y. Matloff, Amanda Kay Stowers, Emily R. Tucci, and David Lentink. "Inspiration for wing design: how forelimb specialization enables active flight in modern vertebrates." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 131 (June 2017): 20170240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0240.
Full textAbstract:
Harnessing flight strategies refined by millions of years of evolution can help expedite the design of more efficient, manoeuvrable and robust flying robots. This review synthesizes recent advances and highlights remaining gaps in our understanding of how bird and bat wing adaptations enable effective flight. Included in this discussion is an evaluation of how current robotic analogues measure up to their biological sources of inspiration. Studies of vertebrate wings have revealed skeletal systems well suited for enduring the loads required during flight, but the mechanisms that drive coordinated motions between bones and connected integuments remain ill-described. Similarly, vertebrate flight muscles have adapted to sustain increased wing loading, but a lack of in vivo studies limits our understanding of specific muscular functions. Forelimb adaptations diverge at the integument level, but both bird feathers and bat membranes yield aerodynamic surfaces with a level of robustness unparalleled by engineered wings. These morphological adaptations enable a diverse range of kinematics tuned for different flight speeds and manoeuvres. By integrating vertebrate flight specializations—particularly those that enable greater robustness and adaptability—into the design and control of robotic wings, engineers can begin narrowing the wide margin that currently exists between flying robots and vertebrates. In turn, these robotic wings can help biologists create experiments that would be impossible in vivo .
20
Eguchi, Takahiro, Tohru Tezuka, Takayasu Fukudome, Yuji Watanabe, Hiroshi Sagara, and Yuji Yamanashi. "Overexpression of Dok-7 in skeletal muscle enhances neuromuscular transmission with structural alterations of neuromuscular junctions: Implications in robustness of neuromuscular transmission." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 523, no. 1 (February 2020): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.011.
Full text
21
van der Heyden, Brent, Wouter R. P. H. van de Worp, Ardy van Helvoort, Jan Theys, Annemie M. W. J. Schols, Ramon C. J. Langen, and Frank Verhaegen. "Automated CT-derived skeletal muscle mass determination in lower hind limbs of mice using a 3D U-Net deep learning network." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00465.2019.
Full textAbstract:
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is recognized as a complication of several chronic diseases and is associated with increased mortality and a decreased quality of life. Relevant and reliable animal models in which muscle wasting can be monitored noninvasively over time are instrumental to investigate and develop new therapies. In this work, we developed a fully automatic deep learning algorithm for segmentation of micro cone beam computed tomography images of the lower limb muscle complex in mice and subsequent muscle mass calculation. A deep learning algorithm was trained on manually segmented data from 32 mice. Muscle wet mass measurements were obtained from 47 mice and served as a data set for model validation and reverse model validation. The automatic algorithm performance was ~150 times faster than manual segmentation. Reverse validation of the algorithm showed high quantitative metrics (i.e., a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.93, a Hausdorff distance of 0.4 mm, and a center of mass displacement of 0.1 mm), substantiating the robustness and accuracy of the model. A high correlation ( R2 = 0.92) was obtained between the computed tomography-derived muscle mass measurements and the muscle wet masses. Longitudinal follow-up revealed time-dependent changes in muscle mass that separated control from lung tumor-bearing mice, which was confirmed as cachexia. In conclusion, this deep learning model for automated assessment of the lower limb muscle complex provides highly accurate noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, it facilitates the workflow and increases the amount of data derived from mouse studies while reducing the animal numbers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This deep learning application enables highly accurate noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of skeletal muscle mass changes in mice with minimal requirement for operator involvement in the data analysis. It provides a unique opportunity to increase and analyze the amount of data derived from animal studies automatically while reducing animal numbers and analytical workload.
22
Óskarsdóttir, Gunnhildur, and Jón Torfi Jónasson. "Quiet pupils can be effective learners." Nordic Studies in Science Education 11, no. 3 (November 2, 2015): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.968.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the importance for pupils’ learning of being generally visibly active participant in a classroom discussion. A class of six year-old pupils was taught about the human skeletal system and other organs. To determine what they had learnt, they were asked to produce drawings before and after the course of teaching. The pupils’ participation in the class discussion during the course of teaching was given values on a scale from 1–8, the most talkative receiving the value 1 and the least talkative (or most quiet) the value 8. The study showed that the less talkative the pupils were in the discussion the more they gained from the teaching. The results could not be accounted for by ceiling effects and similar patterns obtained across the materials used support the robustness of the findings. The study suggests that it cannot be assumed that participating in classroom discussion during the learning process is a necessary precondition for learning.
23
Foss, O. A., J. Klaksvik, P. Benum, and S. Anda. "Validation of the rotation ratios method." Acta Radiologica 48, no. 6 (July 2007): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850701348705.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The rotation ratios method describes rotations between pairs of sequential pelvic radiographs. The method seems promising but has not been validated. Purpose: To validate the accuracy of the rotation ratios method. Material and Methods: Known pelvic rotations between 165 radiographs obtained from five skeletal pelvises in an experimental material were compared with the corresponding calculated rotations to describe the accuracy of the method. The results from a clinical material of 262 pelvic radiographs from 46 patients defined the ranges of rotational differences compared. Repeated analyses, both on the experimental and the clinical material, were performed using the selected reference points to describe the robustness and the repeatability of the method. Results: The reference points were easy to identify and barely influenced by pelvic rotations. The mean differences between calculated and real pelvic rotations were 0.0° (SD 0.6) for vertical rotations and 0.1° (SD 0.7) for transversal rotations in the experimental material. The intra- and interobserver repeatability of the method was good. Conclusion: The accuracy of the method was reasonably high, and the method may prove to be clinically useful.
24
Huysmans, T., R. Van Audekercke, J. Vander Sloten, H. Bruyninckx, and G. Van der Perre. "A three-dimensional active shape model for the detection of anatomical landmarks on the back surface." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441105x9309.
Full textAbstract:
In this study relations between anatomical landmarks on the dorsal surface of the human torso corresponding to underlying skeletal structures are established. By examining the statistics of the positions of the landmarks in a training set of subjects a point distribution model is derived. Rotations of the pelvis are simulated in order to show that the main mode shapes of variation are consistent with rotations of the pelvis relative to the trunk. The parameters of these mode shapes can therefore be used as independent measures of clinical parameters such as pelvic inclination, pelvic tilt, etc. The point distribution model is further applied to improve reliability and robustness for an automatic and objective detection of the anatomical landmarks on the back surface (active shape model). The results show that it is possible to replace radiographs by surface measurements in order to measure position and orientation of the pelvis, which is particularly valuable in the case of functional examinations that normally involve a large number of radiographs (e.g. to measure the position of the pelvis in a scoliosis).
25
Macleod, Norman, and Kenneth Rose. "Functional comparisons among modern and Paleogene mammals based on quantitative analyses of skeletal element outlines." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007541.
Full textAbstract:
The inference of locomotor mode in Paleogene mammalian faunas has traditionally been based on qualitative comparisons between fossil postcranial skeletal elements and those of modern forms whose range of locomotor behavior is known. Recently, Van Valkenburgh (1987) has shown that detailed functional interpretations can also be obtained by using a series of geometric indices to quantitatively assess correspondences between Oligocene carnivores and a predominately carnivorous assemblage of modern mammalian species. We generalize and extend Van Valkenburgh's morphometric approach by focusing on the analysis of ungual phalanx and proximal radial head outlines using a variant of the eigenshape procedure.Results of the phalanx analyses show that the geometric consideration of the lateral outline is, for the most part, sufficient to discriminate among modern arboreal / scansorial, fossorial, and cursorial species. In modern mammals, this skeletal element displays a wide range of variational modes (e.g., relative thickness of the proximal phalanx shaft, curvature of the ventral margin, degree of both lateral and dorso-ventral compression, relative differentiation of the extensor tubercle) that appear to reflect differences among the various locomotor guilds involving relative degrees of phalanx robustness along with both the precision and strength of phalanx movement. While a separate analysis of modern mammal phalanx shape in dorsal view failed to reveal a similar degree of variation among the various locomotor guilds, our study did uncover an intriguing geometric conservatism in this aspect of phalanx morphology that appears to cut across both taxonomic and adaptive classifications. Two-dimensional outline analyses of modern mammal proximal radial heads indicate that this skeletal element can ordinate taxa on the basis of relative ability to supinate the forearm that, in turn recognizes functional distinctions between arboreal / scansorial and fossorial / cursorial taxa. Finally, our results reveal that when modern mammalian taxa are grouped by geometric correspondences among these two skeletal character complexes, the consequent associations of taxa are almost invariably polyphyletic, indicating widespread evolutionary convergence on a relatively small number of alternative morphotypes.In order to test the feasibility of using an outline-based morphometric approach for the inference of locomotor behavior in fossil mammals, ungual phalanx and proximal radial head outlines from a suite of Paleogene species were projected into their respective modern mammal shape spaces, thereby allowing these morphologies to be directly compared with those of modern morphological analogues at highly detailed levels of shape resolution. These results indicate that Cantius, Chriacus, Kopidodon, Nannodectes, Plesiadapis, Thyptacodon, and Vulpavus ungual phalanx and/or radial head outlines are similar to those of modern arboreal / scansorial mammals; Bunophorus, Diacodexis, Pachyaena, Prolimnocyon, and Oxyaena appear to be morphologically similar to modern ambulatory or cursorial forms; and Palaeanodon exhibits a strong shape correspondence with modern fossorial taxa. In each case, our outline-based functional diagnoses are consistent with independent interpretations based on qualitative studies of other skeletal character complexes and associated paleoenvironmental evidence.
26
Tu, Megan M., Mark Clemons, Carol Stober, Ahwon Jeong, Lisa Vandermeer, Mihaela Mates, Phillip Blanchette, et al. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of 12-Versus 4-Weekly Administration of Bone-Targeted Agents in Patients with Bone Metastases from Breast and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer." Current Oncology 28, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 1847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28030171.
Full textAbstract:
A cost–utility analysis was performed based on the Rethinking Clinical Trials (REaCT) bone-targeted agents (BTA) clinical trial that compared 12-weekly (once every 12 weeks) (n = 130) versus 4-weekly (once every 4 weeks) (n = 133) BTA dosing for metastatic breast and castration-resistant prostate (CRPC) cancer. Using a decision tree model, we calculated treatment and symptomatic skeletal event (SSE) costs as well as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for each treatment option. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the study findings. The total cost of BTA treatment in Canadian dollars (C$) and estimated QALYs was C$8965.03 and 0.605 QALY in the 4-weekly group versus C$5669.95 and 0.612 QALY in the 12-weekly group, respectively. De-escalation from 4-weekly to 12-weekly BTA reduces cost (C$3293.75) and improves QALYs by 0.008 unit, suggesting that 12-weekly BTA dominates 4-weekly BTA in breast and CRPC patients with bone metastases. Sensitivity analysis suggests high levels of uncertainty in the cost-effectiveness findings. De-escalation of bone-targeted agents is cost-effective from the Canadian public payer’s perspective.
27
Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina, Jonas Hagström, Marcelo Reguero, and Thomas Mörs. "Historical perspective of Otto Nordenskjöld's Antarctic penguin fossil collection and Carl Wiman's contribution." Polar Record 53, no. 4 (June 7, 2017): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247417000249.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe early explorer and scientist Otto Nordenskjöld, leader of the Swedish South Polar Expedition of 1901–1903, was the first to collect Antarctic penguin fossils. The site is situated in the northeastern region of Seymour Island and constitutes one of the most important localities in the study of fossilised penguins. The task of describing these specimens together with fossilised whale remains was given to Professor Carl Wiman (1867–1944) at Uppsala University, Sweden. Although the paradigm for the systematic study of penguins has changed considerably over recent years, Wiman's contributions are still remarkable. His establishment of grouping by size as a basis for classification was a novel approach that allowed them to deal with an unexpectedly high morphological diversity and limited knowledge of penguin skeletal anatomy. In the past, it was useful to provide a basic framework for the group that today could be used as ‘taxon free’ categories. First, it was important to define new species, and then to establish a classification based on size and robustness. This laid the foundation for the first attempts to use morphometric parameters for the classification of isolated penguin bones. The Nordenskjöld materials constitute an invaluable collection for comparative purposes, and every year researchers from different countries visit this collection.
28
Martinez, Ana, Elizabeth D. Crook, Daniel J. Barshis, Donald C. Potts, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Laura Hernandez, and Adina Paytan. "Species-specific calcification response of Caribbean corals after 2-year transplantation to a low aragonite saturation submarine spring." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 26, 2019): 20190572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0572.
Full textAbstract:
Coral calcification is expected to decline as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases. We assessed the potential of Porites astreoides , Siderastrea siderea and Porites porites to survive and calcify under acidified conditions in a 2-year field transplant experiment around low pH, low aragonite saturation (Ω arag ) submarine springs. Slow-growing S. siderea had the highest post-transplantation survival and showed increases in concentrations of Symbiodiniaceae, chlorophyll a and protein at the low Ω arag site. Nubbins of P. astreoides had 20% lower survival and higher chlorophyll a concentration at the low Ω arag site. Only 33% of P. porites nubbins survived at low Ω arag and their linear extension and calcification rates were reduced. The density of skeletons deposited after transplantation at the low Ω arag spring was 15–30% lower for all species. These results suggest that corals with slow calcification rates and high Symbiodiniaceae, chlorophyll a and protein concentrations may be less susceptible to ocean acidification, albeit with reduced skeletal density. We postulate that corals in the springs are responding to greater energy demands for overcoming larger differences in carbonate chemistry between the calcifying medium and the external environment. The differential mortality, growth rates and physiological changes may impact future coral species assemblages and the reef framework robustness.
29
Laternser, Sandra, Hansjoerg Keller, Olivier Leupin, Martin Rausch, Ursula Graf-Hausner, and Markus Rimann. "A Novel Microplate 3D Bioprinting Platform for the Engineering of Muscle and Tendon Tissues." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 23, no. 6 (June 12, 2018): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318776594.
Full textAbstract:
Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures do not reflect the in vivo situation, and thus it is important to develop predictive three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models with enhanced reliability and robustness for drug screening applications. Treatments against muscle-related diseases are becoming more prominent due to the growth of the aging population worldwide. In this study, we describe a novel drug screening platform with automated production of 3D musculoskeletal-tendon-like tissues. With 3D bioprinting, alternating layers of photo-polymerized gelatin-methacryloyl-based bioink and cell suspension tissue models were produced in a dumbbell shape onto novel postholder cell culture inserts in 24-well plates. Monocultures of human primary skeletal muscle cells and rat tenocytes were printed around and between the posts. The cells showed high viability in culture and good tissue differentiation, based on marker gene and protein expressions. Different printing patterns of bioink and cells were explored and calcium signaling with Fluo4-loaded cells while electrically stimulated was shown. Finally, controlled co-printing of tenocytes and myoblasts around and between the posts, respectively, was demonstrated followed by co-culture and co-differentiation. This screening platform combining 3D bioprinting with a novel microplate represents a promising tool to address musculoskeletal diseases.
30
Hoffman, B. W., G. A. Lichtwark, T. J. Carroll, and A. G. Cresswell. "A comparison of two Hill-type skeletal muscle models on the construction of medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves in humans in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00070.2012.
Full textAbstract:
Human length-tension curves are traditionally constructed using a model that assumes passive tension does not change during contraction ( model A) even though the animal literature suggests that passive tension can decrease ( model B). The study's aims were threefold: 1) measure differences in human medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves using model A vs. model B, 2) test the reliability of ultrasound constructed length-tension curves, and 3) test the robustness of fascicle length-generated length-tension curves to variations between the angle and fascicle length relationship. An isokinetic dynamometer manipulated and measured ankle angle while ultrasound was used to measure medial gastrocnemius fascicle length. Supramaximal tibial nerve stimulation was used to evoke resting muscle twitches. Length-tension curves were constructed using model A {angle-torque [A-T(A)], length-torque [L-T(A)]} or model B {length-torque [L-T(B)]} in three conditions: baseline, heel-lift (where the muscle was shortened at each angle), and baseline repeated 2 h later (+2 h). Length-tension curves constructed from model B differed from those produced via model A, indicated by a significant increase in maximum torque (≈23%) when using L-T(B) vs. L-T(A). No parameter measured was different between baseline and +2 h for any method, indicating good reliability when using ultrasound. Length-tension curves were unaffected by the heel-lift condition when using L-T(A) or L-T(B) but were affected when using A-T(A). Since the muscle model used significantly alters human length-tension curves, and given animal data indicate model B to be more accurate when passive tension is present, we recommend that model B should be used when constructing medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves in humans in vivo.
31
Tollit, D. J., S. G. Heaslip, R. L. Barrick, and A. W. Trites. "Impact of diet-index selection and the digestion of prey hard remains on determining the diet of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-174.
Full textAbstract:
Nine prey species (n = 7431) were fed to four captive female Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) in 11 feeding trials over 75 days to investigate the effectiveness of different methods used to determine diet from prey hard remains. Trials aimed to replicate short (1–2 days) and long feeding bouts, and consisted of single species and mixed daily diets. Overall, 25.2% ± 22.2% (mean ± SD, range 0%–83%) otoliths were recovered, but recovery rates varied by species (ANOVA, P = 0.01) and were linearly related to otolith robustness (R2 = 0.88). Squid beaks were recovered at higher frequencies (mean 96%) than the otoliths of all species. Enumerating both non-otolith skeletal structures and otoliths (together termed bones) increased species recovery rates by twofold, on average (P < 0.001), with increases up to 2.5 times for Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847) and 3–4 times for salmonids. Using bones reduced interspecific differences (P = 0.08), but recovery varied among sea lions. Bones were distributed over more scats per meal (mean 2.9 scats, range 0–5) than otoliths (mean 1.9 scats, range 0–4). In three different 15-day mixed diet trials, biomass reconstruction (BR) indices performed better than frequency of occurrence indices in predicting diet fed. Applying our experimentally derived numerical correction factors (to account for species differences in complete prey digestion) further improved BR estimates, resulting in all 12 unweighted comparisons within 5% (for otoliths) and 12% (for bones) of the actual diet fed.
32
McKay, J. C., N. F. Barton, A. N. M. Koerhuis, and J. McAdam. "The challenge of genetic change in the broiler chicken." BSAP Occasional Publication 27 (2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500040486.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGenetic progress in poultry species for meat production has contributed to the consistent growth in world production of poultry meat. The poultry species have a number of advantages over the larger species used for meat production. It is possible to maintain large pedigreed populations and use their high reproductive rates to transfer genetic progress to the production generations in less than five years. These populations continue to maintain high heritabilities despite, in some cases, prolonged selection. The history of selection progress in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) is reviewed and compared with rates of progress in the duck (Anas platyrhyncos) and the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).The rates of genetic change for production traits such as growth, feed efficiency and yield have changed the physiology of the birds. Changes in selection criteria have been made to improve the robustness of the production stock. This allows them to perform well in a wider range of environments. These have been combined with improved definitions of the optimum environments for the birds to minimise any impact on welfare and health. This paper describes examples of selection in the broiler chicken aimed at improving skeletal quality and resistance to ascites. A number of the factors influencing future selection criteria are discussed. Breeding programmes have adapted to respond quickly to adverse genetic correlated responses. The need to combine selection for a large number of traits requires that the programmes are very efficient and use the best statistical techniques available for multivariate breeding value estimation.
33
Yingling, Vanessa R., Benjamin Ferrari-Church, and Ariana Strickland. "Tibia functionality and Division II female and male collegiate athletes from multiple sports." PeerJ 6 (September 11, 2018): e5550. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5550.
Full textAbstract:
Background Bone strength is developed through a combination of the size and shape (architecture) of a bone as well as the bone’s material properties; and therefore, no one outcome variable can measure a positive or negative adaptation in bone. Skeletal robusticity (total area/ bone length) a measure of bones external size varies within the population and is independent of body size, but robusticity has been associated with bone strength. Athletes may have similar variability in robusticity values as the general population and thus have a wide range of bone strengths based on the robustness of their bones. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if an athlete’s bone strength and cortical area relative to body size was dependent on robusticity. The second aim was to determine if anthropometry or muscle function measurements were associated with bone robusticity. Methods Bone variables contributing to bone strength were measured in collegiate athletes and a reference group using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the 50% tibial site. Bone functionality was assessed by plotting bone strength and cortical area vs body size (body weight x tibial length) and robustness (total area/length) vs body size. Bone strength was measured using the polar strength-strain index (SSIp). Based on the residuals from the regression, an athlete’s individual functionality was determined, and two groups were formed “weaker for size” (WS) and “stronger for size” (SS). Grip strength, leg extensor strength and lower body power were also measured. Results Division II athletes exhibited a natural variation in (SSIp) relative to robusticity consistent with previous studies. Bone strength (SSIp) was dependent on the robusticity of the tibia. The bone traits that comprise bone strength (SSIp) were significantly different between the SS and WS groups, yet there were minimal differences in the anthropometric data and muscle function measures between groups. A lower percentage of athletes from ball sports were “weaker for size” (WS group) and a higher percentage of swimmers were in the WS group. Discussion A range of strength values based on robusticity occurs in athletes similar to general populations. Bones with lower robusticity (slender) were constructed with less bone tissue and had less strength. The athletes with slender bones were from all sports including track and field and ball sports but the majority were swimmers. Conclusions Athletes, even after optimal training for their sport, may have weaker bones based on robusticity. Slender bones may therefore be at a higher risk for fracture under extreme loading events but also yield benefits to some athletes (swimmers) due to their lower bone mass.
34
Aderibigbe, Taiwo, Barbara H. Lang, Henry Rosenberg, Qixuan Chen, and Guohua Li. "Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Stocking Dantrolene in Ambulatory Surgery Centers for the Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia." Anesthesiology 120, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000257.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare hypermetabolic syndrome of the skeletal muscle and a potentially fatal complication of general anesthesia. Dantrolene is currently the only specific treatment for MH. The Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States has issued guidelines recommending that 36 vials (20 mg per vial) of dantrolene remain in stock at every surgery center. However, the cost of stocking dantrolene in ambulatory surgery centers has been a concern. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the cost-effectiveness of stocking dantrolene in ambulatory surgery centers as recommended by the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. Methods: A decision tree model was used to compare treatment with dantrolene to a supportive care-only strategy. Model assumptions include the incidence of MH, MH case fatality with dantrolene treatment and with supportive care-only. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the estimated cost-effectiveness. Results: The estimated annual number of MH events in ambulatory surgery centers in the United States was 47. The incremental effectiveness of dantrolene compared with supportive care was 33 more lives saved per year. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $196,320 (in 2010 dollars) per life saved compared with a supportive care strategy. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust for the plausible range of all variables and assumptions tested. Conclusion: The results of this analysis suggest that stocking dantrolene for the treatment of MH in ambulatory surgery centers as recommended by the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States is cost-effective when compared with the estimated values of statistical life used by U.S. regulatory agencies.
35
Bansal, Radhika, Sagar Rakshit, Katrina Glazebrook, Prashant Kapoor, Francis K. Buadi, Martha Q. Lacy, Morie A. Gertz, et al. "Comparison of Conventional Xrays with CT Based Approaches for Detection of Lytic Lesions in Multiple Myeloma." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138686.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Lytic bone lesions are one of the most common clinical characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and identification of bone lesions help distinguish between patients with smoldering multiple MM and active MM. Given this, the most recent update of the diagnostic criteria for MM incorporates advanced imaging approaches for distinguishing between the two entities. Several small retrospective studies have compared conventional skeletal survey (SS) with whole-body low dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) scan or the CT portion of a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Conducting prospective studies comparing these two modalities side by side is limited by the radiation exposure. We undertook this study to provide a comparison between these two imaging modalities in terms of their ability to recognize lytic bone lesions in patients with MM. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with the diagnosis of MM treated at Mayo Cinic Hospital during 2004- 2018. Patients were included if they had a conventional skeletal survey no more than 3 months before MM diagnosis or any time after diagnosis and also had a WBLDCT or PET-CT within a 12-month period following the skeletal survey. We chose this approach since it is unlikely that a patient would have had both modalities done at the same time as part of standard of care (SOC). This approach was also facilitated by a gradual change in our SOC for skeletal imaging from conventional skeletal survey to WBLDCT. To measure the robustness of our findings, we performed a sensitivity analysis in patients who had the exam ≤6 months apart. Proportions were compared using a chi-square test and survival estimates were calculated using the Kaplan- Meier methodology and compared using log rank test. Results: The overall study cohort had 1040 patients, median age was 62 years at diagnosis (range, 24-94), 61% were male and 39% were female. The median time to the skeletal survey was 8 months from diagnosis (range, 0-160) and the median time to WBLDCT or PET-CT from SS was 2 months (0-12). A PET-CT was available in 789 (76%) of patients and WBLDCT in 251 (24%) of patients. Among the 300 patients with no lesions identified by SS, 188 (63%) had lytic lesions identified by CT, while in 60/740 (8%) patients with a positive SS did not have lytic lesions observed on the CT (p<0.0001). Overall, CT identified lytic lesions in 868 (84%) patients compared with 740 (71%) patients with lytic lesions seen on SS. Although the proportion of lytic lesions was slightly higher with PET compared to WBLDCT, the analysis did not reach statistical significance (65% vs. 56%; p = 0.17; Table 1a). After restricting the analysis to those with ≤6 months gap between low dose CT and SS (n=737), the result did not change (Table 1b). Further examination demonstrated that presence of lytic lesions by SS had no impact on OS from diagnosis, detection of lesions on the CT exam was associated with an inferior survival (112 vs. 81 months, p<0.0001). (Figure 1) Conclusion: Skeletal survey has been the screening technique of choice for evaluation of bone involvement in MM for decades. However, CT based approaches have higher sensitivity with lytic lesions identified in a higher proportion of patients. The prognostic value of lytic disease is evident with CT based detection, again suggesting that this provides a more accurate estimate of the skeletal disease burden. Low dose CT rather than conventional radiographs should be the modality of choice for monitoring disease-progression and diagnosing active multiple myeloma. Disclosures Kapoor: Cellectar: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria. Gertz:Abbvie: Other; Celgene: Other; Physicians Education Resource: Other: personal fee; Medscape: Other: personal fee, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Other: personal fee; Spectrum: Other: personal fee, Research Funding; Johnson and Johnson: Speakers Bureau; Teva: Speakers Bureau; Annexon: Other: personal fee; Research to Practice: Other; Sanofi: Other; Proclara: Other; DAVA oncology: Speakers Bureau; Springer Publishing: Patents & Royalties; Appellis: Other: personal fee; Amgen: Other: personal fee; Prothena: Other: personal fee; Aurora Bio: Other; Alnylam: Other: personal fee; Ionis/Akcea: Other: personal fee. Dispenzieri:Takeda: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Intellia: Research Funding; Alnylam: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Dingli:Alexion: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Sanofi-Genzyme: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Rigel: Consultancy; Apellis: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Research Funding. Lin:Merck: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Legend BioTech: Consultancy; Juno: Consultancy; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Vineti: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sorrento: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gamida Cells: Consultancy. Kumar:Dr. Reddy's Laboratories: Honoraria; AbbVie: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Takeda: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Sanofi: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Janssen Oncology: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Genentech/Roche: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Celgene/BMS: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Amgen: Consultancy, Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments, Research Funding; Carsgen: Other, Research Funding; Cellectar: Other; MedImmune: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Tenebio: Other, Research Funding; Genecentrix: Consultancy; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Other: Independent Review Committee; IRC member; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding.
36
Bai, Xiuxiu, Ming Yang, and Zhe Liu. "On the robustness of skeleton detection against adversarial attacks." Neural Networks 132 (December 2020): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.09.018.
Full text
37
Vasilyev, S. V., S. B. Borutskaya, V. A. Averin, and S. Yu Frizen. "The population of the medieval Plyos (based on archaeological excavations of the Varvara necropolis in Plyos, modern Ivanovo Region)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4 (51) (November 27, 2020): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-51-4-14.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, the emergence of the Russian medieval town of Plyos is attributed to the second half of the 12th c., when a fortress was built on the Sobornaya Mountain (upper part), and a settlement emerged in the lower area on the left bank of the River Shokhonka, right-bank tributary of the Volga River. Craftsmen and fishermen quar-ters, which presumably had appeared long before the fortress, located on the other side of Shokhonka. Plyos was first mentioned in written sources in 1141. During the archaeological excavations in the Varvarinskaya street (Varvara necropolis) on the territory of modern Plyos town (Ivanovo Region), managed by the «Ivanovo Archaeo-logical Expedition» company, human skeletal remains dated to the 10th–13th c. were found. This palaeoanthro-pological material characterizes the population which inhabited the Upper Volga region (Verkhnee Povolzhye) in the Middle Ages. The aim of this study was to analyse the formation of the anthropological features of the medie-val town population and assess its physical appearance. Material and methods: 17 skulls (11 male and 6 female) were examined according to standard craniological protocol, 19 uncomplete postcranial skeletons were measured following the standard osteometric protocol with some authors modifications: we present detailed data on the postcranial skeletons and the analysis of limb proportions and robustness of the long bones. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for intergroup comparison with craniological series from ten different Russian and Belo-russian towns (11th–16th c.). Major results and conclusions. Presented paleoanthropological study has revealed a number of characteristics for the male skulls, associated with elongated cranium, average-high face and sharp horizontal facial profile. The female skulls exhibit mesocrania and smoother naso-molar area profile. Morphologi-cal analysis of the postcranial skeletons has demonstrated relatively elongated forearms and shortened shins in individuals from this burial ground. Reconstructed living stature of the males appears to be above average, and for women, on the contrary, below average. The problem of the common and specific patterns in the formation of the anthropological traits of the medieval town population cannot be addressed with the available anthropological material. However, PCA of the studied craniological sample indicates that the males are morphologically related to the medieval individuals from Yaroslavl (Russia) and partly to those from Novogrudok (Belarus). Thus, medie-val men buried on the territory of Plyos were undoubtedly related to (presumable) retainers buried in the sanitary graves in Yaroslavl.
38
Kidwell, Susan M. "Models for fossil concentrations: paleobiologic implications." Paleobiology 12, no. 1 (1986): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300002943.
Full textAbstract:
Four basic types of skeletal concentrations are modeled in terms of changes in sedimentation rate alone. The model categorizes fossil concentrations on the relatively objective basis of their bed contacts, and uses this criterion to infer directional shifts in net sedimentation. This radical simplification of accumulation histories, in which hardpart input is held constant, yields a surprisingly powerful model capable of predicting a broad spectrum of taphonomic and paleobiologic phenomena. Type I concentrations grade from less fossiliferous sediments and terminate in omission surfaces; if hardpart supply is held constant, they record a slowdown from positive to zero net sedimentation. Type II concentrations are the same as Type I but terminate in erosion surfaces (slowdown to negative net sedimentation), and Type III and IV concentrations are characterized by basal erosion or omission surfaces, respectively, grade upward into less fossiliferous sediments, and record increases in net sedimentation from negative or zero rates to positive rates. According to the model, samples collected from successive horizons within any of these shell beds will differ in the degree and type of post-mortem bias owing to differing histories of hardpart exposure at the depositional interface. Moreover, because rates of sediment accumulation govern the abundance of hardparts at the depositional interface and thus many of the physical characteristics of the benthic habitat, the dynamics of fossil accumulation have direct consequences for the structure of benthic communities (taphonomic feedback) and for ecologically controlled species morphometry.The model is highly robust to fluctuations in hardpart input, as judged by its ability to correctly infer modes of formation of concentrations in synthetic stratigraphic sections. In addition, field examples of Type I–IV concentrations show independent evidence of formation during intervals of reduced net sedimentation, and many exhibit trends in taphonomic and paleobiologic features expected from the postulated changes in net sedimentation. The model thus provides a testable working hypothesis for the accumulation of fossil material in a wide range of environments, and should be applicable to concentrations of any taxonomic composition, state of preservation, or geologic age. The power and robustness of this heuristic model in fact argue that fossil-rich and fossil-poor strata provide fundamentally different records of past conditions, and that sedimentation rather than hardpart input is the primary control on the nature of the fossil record.
39
Wang, S., G. P. Knowles, A. L. Chaffee, and S. J. Langford. "Selective CO2 uptake and vapor adsorption study within Sn(iv) porphyrin crystals." CrystEngComm 18, no. 9 (2016): 1515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce02170g.
Full textAbstract:
The supramolecular porphyrin networks described show exceptional skeleton robustness as examined by N2, CH4, CO2 sorption studies and solvent vapour uptake. The pore size as well as surface properties of the channels can be successfully tuned by modification of the discrete porphyrin diphenolate molecules.
40
Wu, Dao Xi, Wei Pan, Li Dong Xie, and Chao Xi Huang. "An Adaptive Stacked Denoising Auto-Encoder Architecture for Human Action Recognition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.403.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a stacked denoising auto-encoder architecture method with adaptive learning rate for action recognition based on skeleton features of human is presented. Firstly a Kinect is used for capturing the skeleton images and extracting skeleton features. Then an adaptive stacked denoising auto-encoder with three hidden layers is constructed for unsupervised pre-training. So the trained weights are achieved. Finally, a neural network is constructed for action recognition, in which the trained weights are used as the initial value, covering the random value. Based on the experimental results from the Kinect dataset of human actions sampled in experiments, it is clear to see that our method possesses the better robustness and accuracy, compared with the classic classification methods.
41
Li, Ruotong, Weixin Si, Michael Weinmann, and Reinhard Klein. "Constraint-Based Optimized Human Skeleton Extraction from Single-Depth Camera." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112604.
Full textAbstract:
As a cutting-edge research topic in computer vision and graphics for decades, human skeleton extraction from single-depth camera remains challenging due to possibly occurring occlusions of different body parts, huge appearance variations, and sensor noise. In this paper, we propose to incorporate human skeleton length conservation and symmetry priors as well as temporal constraints to enhance the consistency and continuity for the estimated skeleton of a moving human body. Given an initial estimation of the skeleton joint positions provided per frame by the Kinect SDK or Nuitrack SDK, which do not follow the aforementioned priors and can prone to errors, our framework improves the accuracy of these pose estimates based on the length and symmetry constraints. In addition, our method is device-independent and can be integrated into skeleton extraction SDKs for refinement, allowing the detection of outliers within the initial joint location estimates and predicting new joint location estimates following the temporal observations. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach in several cases.
42
Kim, Seong-heum, and Donghyeon Cho. "Viewpoint-Aware Action Recognition Using Skeleton-Based Features from Still Images." Electronics 10, no. 9 (May 9, 2021): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091118.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we propose a viewpoint-aware action recognition method using skeleton-based features from static images. Our method consists of three main steps. First, we categorize the viewpoint from an input static image. Second, we extract 2D/3D joints using state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks and analyze the geometric relationships of the joints for computing 2D and 3D skeleton features. Finally, we perform view-specific action classification per person, based on viewpoint categorization and the extracted 2D and 3D skeleton features. We implement two multi-view data acquisition systems and create a new action recognition dataset containing the viewpoint labels, in order to train and validate our method. The robustness of the proposed method to viewpoint changes was quantitatively confirmed using two multi-view datasets. A real-world application for recognizing various actions was also qualitatively demonstrated.
43
Li, Ronghao, Guochao Bu, and Pei Wang. "An Automatic Tree Skeleton Extracting Method Based on Point Cloud of Terrestrial Laser Scanner." International Journal of Optics 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5408503.
Full textAbstract:
Tree skeleton could describe the shape and topological structure of a tree, which are useful to forest researchers. Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can scan trees with high accuracy and speed to acquire the point cloud data, which could be used to extract tree skeletons. An adaptive extracting method of tree skeleton based on the point cloud data of TLS was proposed in this paper. The point cloud data were segmented by artificial filtration and k-means clustering, and the point cloud data of trunk and branches remained to extract skeleton. Then the skeleton nodes were calculated by using breadth first search (BFS) method, quantifying method, and clustering method. Based on their connectivity, the skeleton nodes were connected to generate the tree skeleton, which would be smoothed by using Laplace smoothing method. In this paper, the point cloud data of a toona tree and peach tree were used to test the proposed method and for comparing the proposed method with the shortest path method to illustrate the robustness and superiority of the method. The experimental results showed that the shape of tree skeleton extracted was consistent with the real tree, which showed the method proposed in the paper is effective and feasible.
44
Wilkes, Mark, Elena Bibikova, Minyoung Youn, Alex Gia Lee, Ascia Eskin, Stanley Nelson, Bertil Glader, Anupama Narla, and Kathleen M. Sakamoto. "Role of Mir-34 Upregulation in Disruption of c-Myc, c-Myb and NOTCH Signaling in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3895.3895.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Approximately 53% of patients with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) have mutations in one of nine ribosomal protein components (RPS7, RPS10, RPS17, RPS19, RPS24, RPS26, RPL5, RPL11 and RPL35A), with RPS19 being the most commonly affected (25% of all patients). Mutations found in patients result in protein haploinsufficiency and subsequent ribosomal stress, which increases the expression and activity of p53, leading to a failure of HSC differentiation during erythropoiesis. While RPS19-/- mice are not viable, we have generated a model system using different shRNA constructs to generate varying degrees of RPS19 knockdown in cultured cells and animal models. Cultured cells (including CD34+ HSCs derived from fetal liver or cord blood) recapitulate features of DBA erythropoietic failure in vitro and in vivo, including p53 upregulation and defects in erythrocyte differentiation, while anemias and skeletal defects are observed in zebrafish models. Using next-generation miRNA sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform, we identified a number of miRNAs differentially expressed between human fetal liver CD34+ HSCs expressing normal or reduced RPS19. Preprocessing, alignment, and miRNA quantification were carried out using miRDeep2 [1] software. Differential expression analysis was performed with DESeq2 [2], which tests for differential expression based on a model using negative binomial distribution for count data from high-throughput sequencing assays. Candidates underwent a second round of screening based on robustness of expression differential (fold increase/decrease, variation of fold increase/decrease across replicates, and increase/decrease relative to RPS19 expression) and possible links to hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis, as reported in the scientific record. All three miR-34 isoforms (a, b and c) are robustly upregulated upon RPS19 reduction, with the extent of miR-34 upregulation being inversely proportional to RPS19 expression. When RPS19 protein expression is suppressed by approximately 50% (as observed in DBA patients), miR-34a, b and c isoforms are upregulated by 3.2, 2.2 and 2.6 fold respectively. In other systems, increased miR-34 results in modulation of a number of factors linked to erythropoiesis, including downregulation of c-Myc, Myb and NOTCH signaling. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis using next-generation sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform in CD34+ HSCs indicates c-Myc (4.2 fold), c-Myb (2.8 fold) and a number of NOTCH effectors [SIRT1 (1.8 fold) andHES1 (1.9 fold)] are indeed downregulated at the transcriptional level. Results were validated with qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, however, while transcriptional modulation fully accounts for c-Myc downregulation at the mRNA and protein level, we propose that c-Myb protein levels are modulated both transcriptionally and post-translationally, as protein expression is significantly further downregulated than mRNA message (6.3 fold). We propose that miR-34 upregulation in RPS19-depleted cells occurs through p53 and initiates genomic changes incompatible with erythropoiesis through downregulation of transcription factors c-Myc, c-Myb and the NOTCH signaling pathway. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
45
Guo, Linlin, Lei Wang, Jialin Liu, Wei Zhou, and Bingxian Lu. "HuAc: Human Activity Recognition Using Crowdsourced WiFi Signals and Skeleton Data." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6163475.
Full textAbstract:
The joint of WiFi-based and vision-based human activity recognition has attracted increasing attention in the human-computer interaction, smart home, and security monitoring fields. We propose HuAc, the combination of WiFi-based and Kinect-based activity recognition system, to sense human activity in an indoor environment with occlusion, weak light, and different perspectives. We first construct a WiFi-based activity recognition dataset named WiAR to provide a benchmark for WiFi-based activity recognition. Then, we design a mechanism of subcarrier selection according to the sensitivity of subcarriers to human activities. Moreover, we optimize the spatial relationship of adjacent skeleton joints and draw out a corresponding relationship between CSI and skeleton-based activity recognition. Finally, we explore the fusion information of CSI and crowdsourced skeleton joints to achieve the robustness of human activity recognition. We implemented HuAc using commercial WiFi devices and evaluated it in three kinds of scenarios. Our results show that HuAc achieves an average accuracy of greater than 93% using WiAR dataset.
46
Mi, Liang, Wen Zhang, and Yalin Wang. "Regularized Wasserstein Means for Aligning Distributional Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 5166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5960.
Full textAbstract:
We propose to align distributional data from the perspective of Wasserstein means. We raise the problem of regularizing Wasserstein means and propose several terms tailored to tackle different problems. Our formulation is based on the variational transportation to distribute a sparse discrete measure into the target domain. The resulting sparse representation well captures the desired property of the domain while reducing the mapping cost. We demonstrate the scalability and robustness of our method with examples in domain adaptation, point set registration, and skeleton layout.
47
Wang, Haikuan, Feixiang Zhou, Wenju Zhou, and Ling Chen. "Human Pose Recognition Based on Depth Image Multifeature Fusion." Complexity 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6271348.
Full textAbstract:
The recognition of human pose based on machine vision usually results in a low recognition rate, low robustness, and low operating efficiency. That is mainly caused by the complexity of the background, as well as the diversity of human pose, occlusion, and self-occlusion. To solve this problem, a feature extraction method combining directional gradient of depth feature (DGoD) and local difference of depth feature (LDoD) is proposed in this paper, which uses a novel strategy that incorporates eight neighborhood points around a pixel for mutual comparison to calculate the difference between the pixels. A new data set is then established to train the random forest classifier, and a random forest two-way voting mechanism is adopted to classify the pixels on different parts of the human body depth image. Finally, the gravity center of each part is calculated and a reasonable point is selected as the joint to extract human skeleton. The experimental results show that the robustness and accuracy are significantly improved, associated with a competitive operating efficiency by evaluating our approach with the proposed data set.
48
Liu, Yu Xin, Wei Guo, and Wen Fa Qi. "Researches on Text Image Watermarking Scheme Based on the Structure of Character Glyph." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.163.
Full textAbstract:
For the poor robustness of current text watermarking schemes, this paper proposed a text watermarking scheme based on the structure of Chinese character glyph. In this method, the different glyphs of character with same semantic is constructed by modifying the connections of Chinese character strokes located on the junction point of skeleton curve, which represents the different digital watermarking information bit strings. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed scheme is effective to resist print-and-scan, copy, photograph attacks etc. It can achieve the purpose of hiding information in paper documents and can be used for information tracking.
49
Yuan, Shuai, Guo Yun Zhang, Jian Hui Wu, and Long Yuan Guo. "Study of Fingerprint Image Feature Extraction Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.577.
Full textAbstract:
Fingerprint image feature extraction is a critical step to fingerprint recognition system, which studies topological structure, mathematical model and extraction algorithm of fingerprint feature. This paper presents system design and realization of feature extraction algorithm for fingerprint image. On the basis of fingerprint skeleton image, feature points including ending points, bifurcation points and singular points are extracted at first. Then false feature points are detected and eliminated by the violent changes of ambient orientation field. True feature points are marked at last. Test result shows that the method presented has good accuracy, quick speed and strong robustness for realtime application.
50
Guo, Songrui, Huawei Pan, Guanghua Tan, Lin Chen, and Chunming Gao. "A High Invariance Motion Representation for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 30, no. 08 (July 17, 2016): 1650018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800141650018x.
Full textAbstract:
Human action recognition is very important and significant research work in numerous fields of science, for example, human–computer interaction, computer vision and crime analysis. In recent years, relative geometry features have been widely applied to the description of relative relation of body motion. It brings many benefits to action recognition such as clear description, abundant features etc. But the obvious disadvantage is that the extracted features severely rely on the local coordinate system. It is difficult to find a bijection between relative geometry and skeleton motion. To overcome this problem, many previous methods use relative rotation and translation between all skeleton pairs to increase robustness. In this paper we present a new motion representation method. It establishes a motion model based on the relative geometry with the aid of special orthogonal group SO(3). At the same time, we proved that this motion representation method can establish a bijection between relative geometry and motion of skeleton pairs. After the motion representation method in this paper is used, the computation cost of action recognition reduces from the two-way relative motion (motion from A to B and B to A) to one-way relative motion (motion from A to B or B to A) between any skeleton pair, namely, permutation problem [Formula: see text] is simplified into combinatorics problem [Formula: see text]. Finally, the experimental results of the three motion datasets are all superior to present skeleton-based action recognition methods.