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Uusi-Heikkilae, Silva. "Body size, reproduction and size-selective harvesting." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16577.
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Die Körpergröße ist von großer Bedeutung für die Fitness vieler Tiere, weil sie positiv mit Überleben und Reproduktionserfolg korreliert ist. Große Rogner vieler Fischarten sind fruchtbarer und produzieren Nachkommen von höherer Qualität verglichen mit kleineren Weibchen. Auch für Milchner einiger Fischarten wurde ein Einfluss der Körpergröße auf frühe Lebensstadien nachgewiesen. Der größenabhängige paternale Effekt verglichen mit maternalen Effekten ist weniger gut untersucht. Das Verständnis der Variation im Reproduktionserfolg als Funktion der Körpergröße der Laicher ist wichtig, weil die Fischerei die Durchschnittsgröße des Laicherbestands reduziert. In vorliegender Dissertation wurden in Laborversuchen an Zebrafischen (Danio rerio) größenabhängige paternale und maternale Effekte auf den Reproduktionserfolg und die Auswirkungen größenselektiver Entnahme auf Körperlänge, Reifung und Reproduktionserfolg untersucht. Die Köperlänge und Kondition waren wichtige Determinanten der Reifung bei Zebrafischen. Größere Rogner zeigten höheren Reproduktionserfolg als kleinere Fische und ein signifikanter Einfluss der Milchnerkörperlänge auf die frühen Lebensstadien ihrer Nachkommen wurde dokumentiert. Längere Männchen wurden von Rognern auch bei der Paarung bevorzugt. Die größenabhängigen maternalen und paternalen Effekte waren ausschlaggebend für den erhöhten Reproduktionserfolg von Zebrafischlaichbeständen, die, verglichen mit kleinen Laichern, aus großen oder zufällig zusammengesetzten Individuen zusammengesetzt waren. Die größenselektive Entnahme führte zu phänotypischen und genetischen Veränderungen, die nach Einstellung der experimentellen Befischung persistierten. Das deutet an, dass die durch die Fischerei ausgelöste Evolution schwierig umkehrbar sein könnte. Die Köpergröße ist von überragender Bedeutung in der Reproduktionsbiologie des Zebrafisches und der Schutz großer Laichfische kann wichtig für den Erhalt der Reproduktionskapazität von befischten Beständen sein.Body size is a fundamentally important trait for fitness in many animal species because it correlates positively with survival and reproductive success. In many fish species, large females exhibit higher fecundity and produce higher quality offspring compared to small females. Similarly, male body size can affect offspring quality and early life-history traits but the importance of these effects to the reproductive biology of fish is poorly studied. The extent to which variation in reproductive success is explained by parental body size is an important research topic because size-selective fishing usually reduces the average size of reproducing adults in a population. In my dissertation, I studied the parental size effects on reproductive success in a model species (zebrafish, Danio rerio). I also studied the effects of size-selective harvesting on body size, maturation and reproductive output. Body size and condition factor were important determinants of the initiation of maturation in zebrafish. Large females were found to have higher reproductive success compared to small females and a significant effect of male body size on early life-history traits was documented. I found that large males were also favored by the females resulting to differential allocation of reproductive resources toward large males. The maternal- and paternal-size effects ultimately led to elevated reproductive success of experimental spawning stocks consisting of large or random-sized individuals compared to spawning stocks consisting of small individuals. Size-selective harvesting induced rapid phenotypic and genetic changes, which persisted after selection was halted. This suggests that fishing-induced changes might be hard to reverse. My results emphasize the importance of body size to the reproductive biology of zebrafish and suggest that protecting large fish might be important to maintain the reproductive potential of exploited fish stocks.
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Chmiola, John Gogotsi IU G. "Pore-size ion-size correlations for carbon supercapacitors /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3031.
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Smith, Melissa B. "Bite Size." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/59.
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Hallin, Anette. "Size Matters : Ostensive and performative dimensions of organizational size." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11562.
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Organizational size is a common way to describe and understand organizations invarious settings: in every-day situations as well as in organizational research. Withinorganization theory, organizational size has been seen variously as a basic feature ofthe organization (an independent variable); as a result of a reaction to the environmentof the organization (a dependent variable); or as a basic criterion for the selectionand categorizing of empirical cases (a selective variable). Often, organizationalsize is measured through the number of employees, budget or turnover; but linked toit are also associations that might not always match the organizational reality as experiencedby those managing and working in the organization. "is mismatch can causeproblems for the organization as for its members, and illustrates that organizationalsize is not only a variable that can be operationalized quantitatively, but a figure ofthought, affecting our expectations of the organization. "e purpose of this thesis isto develop the understanding of organizational size as a figure of thought by describinghow it has been used traditionally and by developing an alternative definition ofthe concept. This is done with the help of a case study of an organization that was perceived as differentin size compared to what it was when measured traditionally. An ethnographicapproach, including shadowing, semi-structured interviews, and the collection ofprinted and digitally stored material related to the case, has generated the empiricalmaterial which has been analyzed through a narrative approach. Understanding organizational size as a figure of thought makes it apparent that thetraditional view of organizational size builds on certain implications regarding theorganization, implications not acknowledging the ongoing organizing aspects. "eempirical case illustrates that the size of the organization is not only a question ofwhere the borders around “the organization” are drawn, but when they are drawn,since it can be seen to be a continuously constructed action net. Two types of actionsare identified: actions of narrativization and actions of realization. Whereas the firsttype involves actions that lead to the emergence of narratives about the organization,the second type constitutes actions that inscribe the organization into differentmaterialities. "ese two types of actions illustrate how the borders around “theorganization” are drawn and help explain the mismatch between expectations of theorganization based on perceptions of its size. "e conclusion is that “organizationalsize” is not only something that is, but something that is done. "ese two dimensionsof the concept are called “the ostensive” and “the performative”, respectively. Eventhough “organizational size” makes “the organization” present, it has limitations as atheoretical concept if its performative dimensions are not acknowledged, since it createsa simplified impression of “the organization” as being a static entity.QC 20100716
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Palmberg, Isabelle, and Olivia Ivarson. "Size Zero eller Size Hero? : En flermetodsforskning av hur Veckorevyn förhåller sig till sitt manifest Size Hero." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43499.
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Det har länge varit känt att de kropps- och skönhetsideal som råder i samhället långt ifrån inkluderar alla typer av kroppar. Modebranschen har framförallt utmärkt sig på den här punkten, och det är väl känt att det allt som oftast är smala modeller som representeras i branschen. Vår valda problemformulering grundar sig i att normbrytande kroppar är underrepresenterande i samhället och i modebranschen. Vårt syfte med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur Veckorevyn förhåller sig till sitt manifest de kallar Size Hero. Det här manifestet grundar sig i en protest mot de rådande kropps- och skönhetsideal som råder i samhället. I samband med detta ska vi även analysera hur många normativa kontra normbrytande kroppar som totalt finns representerande i tidningen, och hur de framställs. Vi ämnar även att problematisera begreppet ”plus size”, dess användning och betydelse. Den valda metoden för vår analys grundar sig i flermetodsforskning, och valet av den här metoden gjordes då vi ville ha svar på hur underrepresenterade de är men även hur de framställs när dem väl gör det. Vårt material består av alla Veckorevyns utgivna tidningar under ett år. Vi har analyserat dessa med hjälp av en semiotisk bildanalys och genom en kvantitativ metod. Tillsammans med den semiotiska bildanalysen så har vi använt oss av Hansen och Machins bärare av denotationer och konnotationer för att analysera bilderna. Vårt resultat visade att Veckorevyn uppfyller sitt manifest men i det stora hela är de modeller med normbrytande kroppar fortfarande väldigt underrepresenterade.It has been known for a long period of time that the body and beauty ideals in society do not include all types of bodies. The fashion industry is known to be exceptional good at excluding bigger bodytypes, and it is well known that it is slim models that is representing majority of it. Our chosen problem for this essay is based on the fact that norm-breaking bodies are underrepresented in society and in the fashion industry. Our purpose with this essay was to investigate how the fashion magazine Veckorevyn relates to their manifest, called Size Hero. This manifest is based on a protest against the prevailing body and beauty ideals that exists in society. We will also analyse how many normative vs. norm-breaking bodies there are as a total representation in the magazine, and how they are presented. We also intend to problematize the concept of the word "plus size", its use and meaning. The chosen method for our analysis is based on a multimethod research and the choice of this method was made because we wanted to have an answer to how underrepresented the norm-breaking bodies are and how they are being portrayed when so. Our material consists of all of Veckorevyn's published magazines for one year. We have analyzed them with the help of a semiotic image analysis and through a quantitative method. Together with the semiotic image analysis, we have used Hansen and Machin's bearers of denotations and connotations in order to analyze the images. Our result showed that Veckorevyn is fulfilling their manifest but on the whole the norm- breaking bodies were still very underrepresented.
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Johansson, Tom, and Mattias Jacobsson. "Size and Performance of Swedish Mutual Funds : Does Size Matter?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18994.
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In this thesis we have studied the relationship between mutual fund size and performance by studying 91 Swedish mutual funds during a six year period (2006-2011). Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between fund size and management fees and fund size and persistence in performance. The fund sample has been divided into five subgroups in order to compare and analyze funds with different fund sizes for the whole six-year period as well as two three-year sub periods. Our results are based on regressions and significance tests and for all the five subgroups and over the whole time period our results indicate that there is no significant relationship between fund size and fund performance that is robust over time. Our findings also show that there is no persistence in performance for any of the size-based fund groups which helps us to draw the conclusion that past performance is not a good measure for predicting future performance regardless of the size of the funds. The results also indicate that mutual funds with a larger asset base tend to have lower management fees than smaller funds.
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Biancucci, Atilio Luis. "Does nest size constrain clutch size? A tropical-temperate test." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04292009-160802/.
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The smaller clutch size of tropical as opposed to north temperate birds has intrigued researchers for a long time. An untested hypothesis posits that higher nest predation in the tropics favors smaller nests thereby constraining clutch-size. We tested this hypothesis by conducting an experiment to test whether nest predation increases with nest size in a tropical forest. Furthermore, we studied north temperate and tropical birds to examine if: (1) predation rates increased with nest size, (2) nest sizes were smaller in the tropics, and (3) clutch size was explained by nest size controlled for body size. We used data on predation rates, nest sizes, and clutch sizes for > 2000 north temperate and tropical bird nests of 36 altricial bird species that nest in open cups. Nest predation risk increased with nest size in both the experiment and in the comparison across latitudes, justifying a major premise underlying the nest size hypothesis. However, nest sizes were not smaller in the tropics. As a result, clutch sizes were not related to nest sizes either between latitudes or within sites. Nest sizes were strongly correlated with adult body sizes. Hence, (1) body size might influence reproductive success by affecting nest predation through nest size; and (2) we rejected the hypothesis that nest size explains clutch size in the tropics.
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Williams, Andrea E. Gilbert Juan E. "Usability size N." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1386.
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Bailey, Marta E. "Analysis of bubble size distributions using the McGill bubble size analyser." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81528.
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Among the apparently simplest methods to determine bubble size in flotation systems are photographic techniques, ranging from photography through transparent walls to imaging of extracted bubbles. All capture images, which to varying degrees include overlapping, touching or out of focus bubbles. As manual counting limits the total number of bubbles, image analysis software is used to automate the process. Accuracy is thus dependent on image treatment, including counting method and filters.The McGill bubble size analysis method yields single plane, backlit images and utilises software that filters by shape factor. Proven effective for bubble size distributions ranging from approximately 0.5 to 3 mm, regular trends are observed when number (D10) and Sauter (D32) mean diameters are compared. When the method was extended to wide distributions typical of jetting spargers (e.g., 0.2--15 mm), no similar trends were evident. Revision of the analysis process for these two-phase systems included counting by number of holes, which reduced dependence on bubble shape. This allowed for inclusion of small and large bubbles, while excluding bubble clusters. A diameter assignment protocol reflecting individual bubble shape was also developed. Revised output distributions showed increased symmetry, and the D32 vs. D10 trend was recovered.
Impact of sample tube diameter on the output bubble size distributions, and types of bias introduced were also investigated. A means of selecting an appropriate sample tube diameter for a given bubble population is presented.
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Nham, John (John T. ). "Size-independent vs. size-dependent policies in scheduling heavy-tailed distributions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45633.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48).
We study the problem of scheduling jobs on a two-machine distributed server, where the job size distribution is heavy-tailed. We focus on two distributions, for which we prove that the performance of the optimal size-independent policy is asymptotically worse than that of a simple size-dependent policy. First, we consider a simple distribution where incoming jobs can only be of two possible sizes. The motivation is that with two largely different sizes, the simple distribution captures the important aspects of a heavy tail. Second, we extend to a bounded Pareto distribution, which has an actual heavy tail. For both cases, we analyze the performance with regards to slowdown (waiting time divided by job size) for several size-independent and size-dependent policies. We see that the size-dependent policies perform better, and then go on to prove that even the best size-independent policy cannot achieve the same performance. We conclude that as we increase the variance of our job size distribution, the gap between size-independent and size-dependent policies grows.
by John Nham.
M.Eng.
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Bandekar, Neha Keshav. "Correlation of Neuron Size and Number with Brain Size in Bumblebees." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612851.
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Over the past several decades, cell size and its resulting effects on tissue and organ function, as well as on its overall ability of the animal to perform complex tasks, has been studied extensively. Neuronal size (diameter of individual neurons) could have an influence on intelligence, brain capacity, and ability to perform complex behavioral tasks. Furthermore, there appears to be an increase in number of neurons with an increase in brain size in vertebrates. In insects, increased neuron number has also been correlated with more complex behavior. In this thesis, I test the hypothesis that the neuronal number and/or neuronal size correlate with the brain size using an insect model. This may help elucidate the apparent positive correlation between brain size and intelligence. To achieve this goal, I used a species of bumblebee, Bombus impatiens. Bumblebee workers vary extensively in brain and body size and weight, therefore allowing comparison between individuals of the same species. Workers within a colony differ in size and the amount of work a worker does depends on their body size. Larger sized workers have more foraging capability than smaller sized workers and foraging requires a more demanding sensory integration and memory capacity. In my study, it was found that brain volume was positively correlated with bee body size. Three cell body regions of the brain were further analyzed: inside of the mushroom body calyces, a cell body region next to the lobula, and cell bodies associated with the antennal lobe. No significant correlations between neuron number per unit of volume (neuron density) and brain volume were found. Assuming similar neuronal density in large and small brains, increased brain size is thus correlated with an overall increased neuron number.
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Gunawardena, Warnaka R. "Relationship of Hand Size and Keyboard Size to Typing Performance Metrics." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1385075311.
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Avander, Alexander, and Erik Robertsson. "Batch size policy : A case study of the production site in Hillerstorp." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12270.
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Abstrakt Examensarbete. Civilekonomprogrammet, Logistik, Linnéuniversitetet, 4FE05E, Våren 2011. Författare: Alexander Avander och Erik Robertsson Handledare: Peter Berling Titel: Batch size policy Thule Vehicle Solutions - A case study in Hillerstorp Bakgrund: Företaget har för närvarande ingen tydlig batch policy och detta är ett område som uppmärksammats som ett område med potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter. Ett projekt har inletts där två flöden (en hög omsättare och en låg) skall kartläggas och generera ett förslag till en tvärfunktionell batch policy. Syfte: Syftet med projektet är att med hjälp utav en ”current state map” föreslå en ny, kostnadseffektiv och tvärfunktionell batch policy samt jämföra detta med nuvarande policy för att påvisa potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter. Metod: Projektet använder ett kvalitativt arbetssätt för att påvisa effekter utav batch storlekar. Data hämtas från det undersökta företaget och från tidigare forskningar inom området som samlats genom universitetets resurser. Slutsatser: Företaget bör kunna eliminera ett flertal lager i sitt flöde som uppstått på grund av en batch policy där hela pallar föredras. En batch policy, där en storlek används till ett komponentlager och därefter en annan storlek som är en jämn del utav den första till slutlagret, har föreslagits som en tvärfunktionell batch policy. Detta förslag är testat i fyra versioner där samtliga var funna mer kostnadseffektiva än nuvarande policy. Att använda mindre batchstorlekar i den föreslagna policyn sänkte lagernivåer och ledtider. Dock var nuvarande, större batchstorleken mer optimal då lagerhållningskostnaderna är låga i förhållande till omställningskostnader. Sökord: Batch size, batch size costs, cross functional, inventory control, lean management, production flow, supply chain integration, transportation costs, value stream mapping.Abstract Master Degree Project. Business Administration and Economics Programme, Linnaeus University, Logistics, 4FE05E, Spring 2011. Authors: Alexander Avander and Erik Robertsson Supervisor: Peter Berling Title: Batch size policy Thule Vehicle Solutions - A case study in Hillerstorp Background: The Company has currently no clear batch size policy and batch sizes are an area that has been recognized with potential earnings within the company. A project to map two flows (a high volume and a low volume) and suggest a new cross functional batch size policy has been initiated. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to, with the help of a current state map, propose a new cost effective and cross functional batch size policy for the business unit car accessories and compare this to the present batch size policy to show possible earnings. Method: This project uses a qualitative approach to show the effect of batch sizes with data supplied from the Thule Sweden AB and researched through the Linnaeus University’s recourses. Findings: Thule Vehicle Solutions should be able to remove several inventories that have been caused by a batch size policy where whole pallets are preferred. A batch size policy where one batch size is used to the semi-finished inventory and another size, part of first batch size, from that inventory until the finished-goods inventory has been suggested as a cross functional batch size policy. This suggestion has been tested and in four different versions was found more cost effective than the current policy. Using smaller batch sizes in the suggested batch size policy decreased inventory levels and lead times. However, the current, larger batch size was more optimal as the holding costs are low and the set up costs are high. Key words: Batch size, batch size costs, cross functional, inventory control, lean management, production flow, supply chain integration, transportation costs, value stream mapping.
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Colak, Erdem. "Software Size Estimation Performance Of Small And Middle Size Firms In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612319/index.pdf.
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Software cost estimation is essential for software companies to be more competitive and more profitable. The objective of this thesis is to study current software size estimation practices adopted by Turkish software companies, to identify best prac-tices, and to suggest appropriate methods that can help companies to reduce errors in their software size estimations.
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Maleki, Amir. "Macro-size drop encapsulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50071.
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Viscoplastic fluids do not flow unless they are sufficiently stressed. While in some flows this leads to unwanted features, this property can also be exploited in order to produce novel flow features. One example of such flows are visco-plastically lubricated (VPL) flows, in which a viscoplastic fluid is used to stabilize the interface in a multi-layer flow, far beyond what might be expected for a typical viscous-viscous interface. Here we extend this idea by considering the encapsulation of droplets within a viscoplastic fluid, for the purpose of transportation, e.g. in pipelines. The main advantage of this method, compared to others that involve capillary forces is that significantly larger droplets may be stably encapsulated, governed by the length scale of the flow and yield stress of the encapsulating fluid. We explore this setup both analytically and computationally. We show that sufficiently small droplets are held in the unyielded plug of the Poiseuille flow. As the length or radius of the droplets increase the carrier fluid eventually yields, potentially breaking the encapsulation. We study this process of breaking and give estimates for the limiting size of droplets that can be encapsulated.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Carvel, Richard Oswald. "Fire size in tunnels." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/365.
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In recent years, a number of high profile accidental fires have occurred in several road and rail tunnels throughout the world. Many of these fires grew rapidly to catastrophic size and claimed many lives. The processes involved in the rapid growth and extremely severe of these fires are not adequately understood as yet. The introduction to this thesis reviews a number of these accidental fires and describes much of the previous experimental research which has brought about the current understanding of tunnel fire behaviour. A detailed review of the relevant parts of elementary fire dynamics is also presented. This thesis addresses two main questions: 1. What is the influence of longitudinal ventilation on fire size in tunnels? and 2. What is the influence of tunnel geometry on fire size? The answers to both these questions are determined using a probabilistic method called Bayes Theorem. This provides a method of answering the above two questions using the handful of experimental data which are available. It is found that the heat release rate (HRR) of a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) fire may be greatly increased in magnitude by longitudinal ventilation, for example by about a factor of 5 with a longitudinal ventilation velocity of 3ms-1. It is also found that longitudinal ventilation may cause a significant increase in the HRR of large pool fires, but may cause a decrease in the HRR of small pool fires and car fires. An equation is derived to predict the influence of tunnel geometry on HRR. It is found that HRR varies principally with the width of the tunnel and the width of the fire object. The HRR of a fire in a tunnel my be increased up to four times due to the geometry of the tunnel.
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Griffiths, Nigel T. "Clutch size in insects." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46791.
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Nayeri, Negin, and Elisabeth Hakim. "Future Bank Wallet Size." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195688.
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Sataieva and Syrotiuk. "CHOICE OF AIRCRAFT SIZE." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33897.
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Mian, Aamer Jalil. "Size effect in micromachining." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/size-effect-in-micromachining(91bf7280-a937-4509-9c40-4ff2e36d26c6).html.
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The world is experiencing a growing demand for miniaturised products. Micro-milling, using carbide micro tools has the potential for direct, economical manufacture of micro parts from a wide range of workpiece materials. However, in previous studies several critical issues have been identified that preclude the direct application of macro machining knowledge in the micro domain through simple dimensional analysis. The research presented in this thesis focused on some of the areas that require development of the scientific knowledge base to enable determining improved microscale cutting performance. In the mechanical micro machining of coarse grained materials, the programmed undeformed chip thickness can be lower than the length scale of the workpiece grains. Moreover, when the microstructure of such materials is composed of more than one phase, the micro cutting process can be undertaken at a length scale where this heterogeneity has to be considered. Driven by this challenge, the material microstructure 'size effect' on micro-machinability of coarse grain steel materials was investigated in this PhD. In this regard, a predominantly single phase ferritic workpiece steel material and another workpiece material with near balanced ferrite/pearlite volume fractions was studied over a range of feedrates. The results suggested that for micro machined parts, differential elastic recovery between phases leads to higher surface roughness when the surface quality of micro machined multiphase phase material is compared to that of single phase material. On the other hand, for single phase predominantly ferritic materials, reducing burr size and tool wear are major challenges. In micro machining the so called 'size effect' has been identified as critical in defining the process performance. However, an extensive literature search had indicated that there was no clear reported evidence on the effect of process variables on driving this size effect phenomenon. It is often assumed in literature that the un-deformed chip thickness was the main factor driving the size effect. This limit manufactures to only altering the feedrate to try and influence size effect. To explore the significance of a range of inputs variables and specifically, cutting variables on the size effect, micro cutting tests were conducted on Inconel 718 nickel alloy. Taguchi methodology along with signal processing techniques were applied to micro milling acoustic emission signals to identify frequency/energy bands and hence size effect specific process mechanism. The dominant cutting parameters for size effect characteristics were determined by analysis of variance. These findings show that despite most literature focussing on chip thickness as the dominant parameter on size effect, the cutting velocity is a dominant factor on size effect related process performance. This suggests that manipulating the cutting speed can also be a very effective strategy in optimising surface finish in micro machining and in breaking the lower limit of micro machining.In micro machining the lower limit of the process window is set by the minimum chip thickness. Identifying this limit is thus important for establishing the process window. Process windows are valuable guidelines for industrial selection of cutting conditions. Additionally, understanding factors that influence the value of minimum chip thickness is even more important for progressing micro machining capability to the nano-scale machining regime. For this reason, in this PhD study, acoustic emission signatures emanating from microscale milling of six different workpiece materials were characterised to identify the rubbing mode and this enabled the identification of the threshold conditions for occurrence of minimum chip thickness. The minimum chip thickness predicted by this novel approach compares reasonably well to the values that exist in published literature. Additionally, the decomposition of raw acoustic signal allowed the determination of energy levels corresponding to deformation mechanisms. The PhD work provides significant and new knowledge on the utility and importance of acoustic emission signals in characterising chip formation in micro machining. A novel method for determining the minimum chip thickness was developed, micro machining chip formation mechanisms were identified and the machinability of coarse grained multiphase material is presented.
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Cunnington, David C. "Breeding site suitability and optimal egg size in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31822.pdf.
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Mastari, Marouane. "Growth and characterization of SiGe alloys on nanometer-size structures for microelectronics applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY072.
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La nano-hétéroépitaxie est une approche innovante pour la croissance de couches minces de SiGe totalement relaxées et de bonne qualité (pour des dispositifs à base de Si contraint). Mise en théorie par Luryi et Suhir, l'idée est de commencer la croissance à partir de nano-piliers suffisamment petits pour que la couche puisse se relaxer rapidement et de manière élastique, puis coalescer sans générer de défauts. Dans cette thèse, un schéma d'intégration basé sur la lithographie à copolymère à bloc a été utilisé afin de fabriquer des masques de taille nanométrique, sur lesquels la nano-hétéroépitaxie de SiGe a été explorée à l'aide d'un bâti industriel 300 mm de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à pression réduite. La nano-hétéroépitaxie de couches Si0.75Ge0.25 sur nano-piliers Si et Si0.75Ge0.25 a d'abord été étudiée. Des procédés hautement sélectifs et uniformes à base de chimie chlorée ont été développés pour la croissance de nano-piliers Si et Si0.75Ge0.25 faisant 20 nm d’épaisseur. Des surfaces lisses et une relaxation totale des contraintes ont été obtenues dans la plage de 650 à 700°C pour des couches de 200 nm de Si0.75Ge0.25 déposées sur les deux types de nano-piliers. Cependant, des défauts planaires (macles et fautes d'empilement) dont l’origine pourrait être le processus de coalescence, ont été identifiés. Par conséquent, la coalescence de nano-piliers Si0.75Ge0.25 a été étudiée. L’évolution en termes de forme, de taille et de nombre de grains formés par la coalescence a été examinée. Des degrés élevés de relaxation des contraintes ont été obtenus aux différents stades de la coalescence des nano-piliers. Les défauts de type fautes d’empilement et macles sont apparus aux premiers stades de la coalescence. L'impact du masque utilisé pour la nano-hétéroépitaxie des couches de Si0.75Ge0.25 a également été évalué. Différents schémas d'intégration ont été conçus pour mesurer l'impact de la taille, la présence (ou non) du masque lors de la coalescence ainsi que le matériau de masquage. Les résultats ont montré plus de flexibilité en termes de préparation de surface avec un masque de taille plus élevée. La relaxation des couches a été dégradée par l’absence de masque. Le changement de matériau de masquage (SiN sans contrainte au lieu de SiO2) a démontré que la contrainte thermique générée par le masque lors de la croissance n’était pas une source de défauts. L'approche par nano-hétéroépitaxie a également été testée sur Ge pur. Un procédé hautement sélectif et uniforme à 600°C a été développé pour la croissance de nano-piliers de Ge. Une morphologie de surface dégradée, avec des propriétés structurelles assez similaires, ont été obtenus pour des couches Ge déposées sur substrats masqués par rapport à des couches Ge déposées sur Si massif. Les défauts habituels liés à la coalescence ont de nouveau été retrouvésNano-heteroepitaxy is a promising approach for the growth of high quality, thin and fully strain relaxed SiGe layers (for strained Si devices). First theorized by Luryi and Suhir, the idea is to start the growth from sufficiently small nano-pillars so that the layer can relax faster, elastically, and then coalesce without generating additional defects. In this PhD, an integration scheme based on diblock copolymer patterning was used to fabricate nanometer-sized templates, on which SiGe nano-heteroepitaxy was explored using a 300 mm industrial Reduced Pressure-Chemical Vapor Deposition tool. Si0.75Ge0.25 nano-heteroepitaxy on Si and Si0.75Ge0.25 nano-pillars was first studied. Results showed highly selective and uniform processes based on a chlorinated chemistry for the epitaxial growth of 20 nm high Si and Si0.75Ge0.25 nano-pillars. Smooth surfaces and full strain relaxation were obtained in the 650-700°C range for 200 nm thick Si0.75Ge0.25 layers grown both types of nano-pillars. However, planar defects (twins and stacking faults) were identified as occurring during the coalescence process. Therefore, Si0.75Ge0.25 nano-pillars coalescence was investigated. The evolution in terms of grain shape, size and number was examined, with individual pillars merging into larger grains for thicknesses above 30 nm. High degrees of macroscopic strain relaxation were obtained at the different stages of nano-pillars merging. Defects such as stacking faults and twins appeared at the early stages of nano-pillars coalescence. The impact of the nano-template used for the nano-heteroepitaxy of Si0.75Ge0.25 layers was also evaluated. Various integration schemes were designed in order to measure the impact of pitch, the presence (or not) of the nano-template during coalescence and the nature of the masking material itself. Results showed more flexibility in terms of surface preparation with higher pitch size nano-templates. Removal of the nano-template did not improve the relaxation of coalesced layers. Changing the nature of masking material in the nano-template (SiO2 versus strain free SiN) proved that the thermal stress generated during growth was not a source of defects. The nano-heteroepitaxy approach was extended to pure Ge. Results showed a highly selective and uniform process for the epitaxial growth of Ge nano-pillars at 600°C. A degraded surface morphology, with otherwise similar structural properties, were obtained for 2D Ge layers grown on Ge nano-pillars compared with growth on bulk Si. Usual coalescence related defects were once again found
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Pandarum, Krishnavellie. "Size prediction for plus-size women's intimate apparel using a 3D body scanner." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1153.
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Garment “fitting” from tailor-made to ready-to-wear clothing, has evolved over time. Ready to-wear and standardized sizes appeared in the middle 19th century. Today garment fitting is one of the most important criteria in the consumer buying decision making process. This is particularly so with “body hugging” garments, such as intimate apparel; or the bra that moulds the form of the wearer to produce “smooth” outer garment silhouettes. The South African bra retailer and manufacturers sizing charts are generally based upon body dimension data collected using traditional anthropometric methods. Professional measurers are not able to capture the hidden areas of the breast such as the inframmatory fold line, the volume, shape and contour of the breast using tape measures, calipers and other measuring devices. Traditional anthropometry also does not have the ability to systemically observe the bottom line of the breast base and extract accurate data on breast volume which are key factors in designing underwire bras and in the pattern making of the bra cup panels. Exploratory retail and consumer studies have indicated that consumers, notably plus size women, experience considerable problems and dissatisfaction with poorly fitting bras. There is therefore clearly a need in South Africa to conduct a 3D anthropometric study, focusing especially on the plus-sized women’s bra market segment, as there is very little or limited studies, to date, conduct for this market segment of the population. This pilot study collected 3D torso body measurement data from a convenient sample of 176 plus sized women, recruited from Playtex (Pty) Ltd. situated in Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The study evaluates the 3D breast volume measurement data extraction process, using an expert system developed by [TC]2 integrated into the propriety NX12-3D full body scanner software and that taken using the traditional dress-makers tape-measure. The objective is to establish the relationship between the 3D torso and breast volume data measurement output as extracted by the expert system when compared to the South African bra manufacturers sizing chart, for use in pattern making for bra cup panel designs and in the designing of underwire bras for large breasted or plus size women. The results contained in this dissertation cannot be extrapolated to the larger population of South Africa and is limited to the 176 plus size women selected by Body Mass Index; recruited from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
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Huang, Hsin-I. "One size does not fit all: regional ecology, firm size, and innovation performance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45949.
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This dissertation aims to answer the main question of "How does regional ecology (few or many small innovative firms in a region) enhance or limit innovation?" Put differently, how vital is the mix of small and large firms for regional innovation performance? From the policy perspective, the results of this study shed some light for policy maker to assess the "knowledge searching" strategies of firms when choosing locations. The research design combines a unique survey of patent inventors in the United States and archival data. Georgia Tech inventor survey data contains commercialization measures for patented inventions and information on firm characteristics. Using this archival data, data has been collected on regional innovation measures, regional-level attributes and project-level measures.
The results indicate that the agglomeration of specialized firms is positively associated with regional innovation activities, as the Marshall-Arrow-Romer model proposed. In addition to traditional regional measures, small firm dominated ecology is a strong factor explaining regional commercialization activities, even though the role is not very significant when explaining the regional patenting activities. It is suggested that the organizational ecological perspective is complementary to understand information flow mechanisms in innovative regions. One mechanism of SME dominated ecologies is partially through the increase of skilled labor mobility. Furthermore, when the regional ecology moves towards being dominated by small firms, large firms benefit more from the presence of many innovative small firms than SMEs. By contrast, the concentration of innovative small firms does not add much value for SMEs. I suggest the focus of policies should be on understanding the heterogeneous ability of accessing localized knowledge resources between large and small firms. Deriving from the findings, policy implications and future research are discussed.
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Sebastianutto, Linda. "Acoustic cues for body size: how size-related features are used and perceived." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4491.
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We live in a noisy world. There is no place on the Earth where it is possible to have the experience of complete silence, not even the deepest place in the ocean. Billions of living and nonliving objects around us produce sounds, which are extremely different in their physical structure. Some of these sounds are noisy, some are harmonic, some are continuous, others are impulsive, soft, loud; the sound environment contains an infinite combination of all these characteristics and more. Evolving in such an environment has resulted in a human auditory system that is able to extract useful information from sounds. We are able to say whether a sound source is still or moving (and in the latter case, the direction of movement), what kind of object produced the sound, and the meaning of the message if the perceived sound is an intentional communicative signal. When we hear someone’s voice, for instance, we are able to extract useful information about talker identity apart from the meaning of the heard words. This thesis focuses on a particular kind of information that can be extracted from an acoustic signal: the apparent size of the sound-producing object.
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Adhikari, Shishir. "World-wide body size patterns in freshwater fish by geography, size class, trophic level, and taxonomy." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1441039840.
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El-Haj-Hassan, Boushra. "Firm Size and Technology Commercialization in Canada's Biotechnology and Manufacturing Sectors with a Focus on Medium-sized Firms." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22644.
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Innovation and commercialization are crucial for the competitiveness and economic well-being of countries. Despite the importance of innovation, recent studies have showed that Canada is lagging behind other countries in terms of its innovation and commercialization performance. The claim is often made that Canada performs well in generating the knowledge needed for innovation; however, the problem lies in transforming this knowledge into commercial success. Thus, a major preoccupation is how to turnaround this weak commercialization performance. Despite the wide range of programs, policies and regulations implemented by the Canadian Government along with its provincial counterparts to engender a turnaround, little has changed in Canada’s commercialization performance. Therefore, the search for solutions continues.
Given that commercialization takes place at the firm-level, this study will explore the relationship between firm-size and commercialization. Several existing studies have examined the link between innovation and firm size, but few have examined the link between commercialization and firm size.
Despite the arguments supporting medium-sized firms’ ability to commercialize innovations, there is a weak empirical base that explores the position of Canadian medium-sized firms and their innovation and commercialization capabilities. This study will contribute to the existing knowledge by covering the gap in the literature concerning the role of medium-sized firms in commercialization, compared to small and large firms. This study provides evidence suggesting that small and medium-sized firms should be considered differently.
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Reichstein, Birthe. "Habitat complexity alters size-dependent invasion in a size-structured mixed predation-competition system." Thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30059.
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Mariuz, Jennifer C. "Fitts' law revisited, the relationship between cursor size and target size in manual aiming." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62251.pdf.
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Bennice, Chelsea O. "Altering life history traits a size-selective predator decreases the size of its prey. /." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32125.
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Sirois, Louis-Philippe. "Auditor size and audit quality revisited : the role of market size and legal environment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11565.
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The objective of this thesis is to revisit the notion of audit quality and investigate how it is related to auditor size and the structure of the auditing industry. Specifically, I propose a model of audit firm competition where both audit quality and auditor size are endogenous and predict how market characteristics, namely market size and investor protection regime, affect the structure of the auditing industry and differences between Big-4 and Non-Big-4 audit quality and fees. I show that Big-4 audit firms compete mostly on audit value (i.e., quality and price) through investments in audit technology, the level of which is increasing in both market size and investor protection.
Consistent with my predictions, empirical results for the U.S. audit market, where investor protection is held constant across local markets, confirm that the audit industry is characterised as a natural oligopoly dominated by the higher quality Big-4 audit firms. More importantly, I find that Big-4 audit value is increasing in market size. In particular, Big-4 audit quality, relative to Non-Big-4 audits is constant in market size while Big-4 audit fee premium is decreasing in market size. I also present detailed hypotheses adapted to a cross-country setting to empirically evaluate the impact of investor protection regimes on characteristics of the audit industry and the audit product. Although I leave to future research actual empirical testing, preliminary evidence reviewed from other studies generally supports my hypotheses.
My thesis has direct policy implications as it provides key insights about the audit industry, how audit firms compete and how the industry evolves. Taken together, my results imply that the audit industry is naturally concentrated yet remains overall competitive. That is, Big-4 audit quality and fees are not adversely affected, thus far, by the high level of auditor concentration and Big-4 market power. Accordingly, recent concerns about high auditor concentration, although warranted, may be overstated.
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Eliasson, Lars-Åke. "On midface size in maxillonasal dysplasia and the influence of midface size on prognathism." Umeå, Sweden : Dept. of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Umeå, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35845797.html.
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Clark, Ximonie. "Size does matter: exploring the interaction between body size, temperature and nutrition in locusts." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13540.
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ectotherms. Body size can influence many aspects of an individual’s physiology, while temperature and nutrition are two major variables that influence an animal’s body size. Obtaining the appropriate amount and ratio of nutrients is vital for development, while temperature affects an animal’s physiology through its impact on biochemical reactions. Additionally, body size and temperature may affect the quantity and ratio of nutrients an animal needs through their effect on metabolic rate. This thesis investigated the interaction of body size, temperature and nutrition using two species of Australian locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Chortoicetes terminifera and Locusta migratoria. Chapter 2 tested whether the nutritional requirements of an individual differed with body size and temperature. The results showed that body size and temperature interacted to affect the thermal limits of an individual and subsequently the ratio of nutrients consumed. Chapter 3 investigated whether body size and temperature influence an individual’s ability to supply themselves with the required nutrients while eating grass (rather than synthetic food). Larger locusts were less efficient at extracting and absorbing nutrients than smaller locusts. Results also indicated that the anatomical structure of the grass and locust mandible structure were both important. Chapter 4 examined whether body size would influence thermoregulatory behaviour, as thermoregulation can be used to adjust metabolic rates and consequently nutritional needs. The smaller locusts spent the majority of their time at the hotter temperatures in a thermal gradient arena, while the larger locusts spent most of their time at both the hotter and cooler temperatures. These results suggest that body size influences the physiological processes that individuals prioritise through temperature selection.
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Howlett, John David. "Size Function Based Mesh Relaxation." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd761.pdf.
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Jonsson, Peter A. "Time- and size-efficient supercompilation." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26651.
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Intermediate structures such as lists and higher-order functions are very common in most styles of functional programming. While allowing the programmer to write clear and concise programs, the creation and destruction of these structures impose a run time overhead which is not negligible. Supercompilation algorithms is a family of program transformations that remove these intermediate structures in an automated fashion, thereby improving program performance.While there has been plenty of work on supercompilation algorithms that remove intermediate structures for languages with call-by-name semantics, no investigations have been performed for call-by-value languages. It has been suggested that existing call-by-name algorithms could be applied to call-by-value programs, possibly introducing termination in the program. This hides looping bugs from the programmer, and changes the behaviour of a program depending on whether it is optimized or not.We present positive supercompilation algorithms for higher-order call-by-value and callby-name languages that preserves termination properties of the programs they optimize. We prove the call-by-value algorithm correct and compare it to existing call-by-name transformations. Our results show that deforestation-like transformations are both possible and useful for call-by-value languages, with speedups up to an order of magnitude for certain benchmarks.We also suggest to speculatively supercompile expressions and discard the result if it turned out bad. To test this approach we implemented the call-by-name algorithm in GHC and performed measurements on the standard nofib benchmark suite. We manage to supercompile large parts of the imaginary and spectral parts of nofib in a matter of seconds while keeping the binary size increase below 5%.Our algorithms are particularly important in the context of embedded systems where resources are scarce. By both removing intermediate structures and performing program specialization the footprint of programs can shrink considerably without any manual intervention by the programmer.Godkänd; 2011; 20110330 (pj); DISPUTATION Opponent: Professor Taha Walid, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, data- och elektroteknik, Högskolan i Halmstad Ordförande: Professor Per Lindgren, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Onsdag den 27 april 2011, kl 13.00 Plats: E243, Luleå tekniska universitet
ESIS
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Zhou, Bo. "Matchings with a size constraint." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29413.
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We study the matching problem and some variants such as b-matching and (g, f)-factors. This thesis aims at polynomial algorithms which in addition have other properties. In particular, we develop a polynomial algorithm which can find optimal solutions of each possible size for weighted matching problem, and a strongly polynomial algorithm which can find a (g, f)-factor of fixed size.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Bradbury, Bruce William Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Family Size and Relative Need." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Economics, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17174.
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This thesis examines three questions concerned with the relative income needs of families of different sizes - often summarised by indices known as ???equivalence scales???. The first is the extent to which researchers and policy makers should offset the costs of family composition (eg the expenditure costs of children) with the benefits associated with demographic choice (eg the ???joys of parenthood???). Chapter 2 concludes that there are demographic and financial market constraints that will often make a narrow focus on expenditure costs appropriate for distributional research and tax/transfer policies. However, this will not always be the case. One implication of this result is that it may be reasonable for distributional research to use different equivalence scales for adults and children in the same household. Part 2 of the thesis introduces a new method for the estimation of the within-household income distribution and expenditure costs of different family types. This is based upon the household welfare model of Samuelson together with Lau???s method for modelling the joint consumption of household goods. In Chapter 4, this method is applied to the estimation of equivalence scales for older singles and married couples. The estimation is based upon a detailed set of assumptions about the extent of joint consumption for 17 different commodity groups. The main conclusions are that: the theoretical model fits the observed behaviour well (with the exception of some home production effects); that aged couples share their income relatively evenly; and that the relative rate of pension for aged singles in Australia is probably too low. In Part 3, the thesis examines how changes in poverty can be estimated when there is uncertainty about the equivalence scale. The thesis proposes a new method which permits a set of upper and lower bounds for the equivalence scale to be assumed, which in turn determine upper and lower bounds for the increase in poverty. This method is applied to measure the change in poverty in Australia during the 1980s. Equivalence scales can be found that imply either an increase or a decrease in poverty.
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Finkel, Zoe Vanessa. "Diatoms, size and metabolic processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36438.pdf.
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Fakhouri, Elie Michel. "Variable block-size motion estimation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37260.pdf.
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Tekoğlu, Cihan. "Size effects in cellular solids." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/298794977.
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Berger, David. "Body size evolution in butterflies /." Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7498.
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Chrisanthopoulos, Themistoklis. "Firm size differentiation in Japan." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61114.
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The Japanese labour market is analyzed within a dual labour market context and an emphasis on firm size differentiation. Labour market segmentation theories are presented for the purpose of understanding the differences that can exist between industries, or in this case, between firm sizes. Data on labour market variables such as wages, unionism, and promotion illustrates the different employment package that employees face in small firms as compared to workers in large companies. Unique Japanese labour market traits such as the expectation of lifetime employment, enterprise unionism, and seniority-based wages are also observed to evaluate their application in different company sizes. Japan's labour market segmentation is primarily a study of differences between firm sizes. The dissimilarities in employment characteristics between small and large firms are thoroughly examined and evaluated for a solid understanding of Japan's duality in the labour market.
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Salar, Kemal. "Sample size for correlation estimates." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27248.
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Stewart, L. A. "Size and foraging in coccinellids." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384473.
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Siew, Y. H. "Diffusion size effects in zinc." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370806.
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Lynch, Andrew Graeme. "Covariate models for size distributions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251220.
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Loder, Natasha. "Insect species-body size distributions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284385.
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Cao, Lu. "Deposition of size-selected nanoclusters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6616/.
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The work presented in this thesis explores the production and the controlled deposition of size-selected nanoclusters. The size-dependent propagation of gold nanoclusters is investigated by depositing them through few-layer graphene (FLG) using a magnetron sputtering cluster source. Au55 nanoclusters penetrate through the FLG, however Au923 nanoclusters remain on the surface, as imaged by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (ac-STEM). The control of the atomic structure of gold nanoclusters (Au923) by systematically varying the gas-phase condensation parameters in the magnetron sputtering cluster source (e.g. magnetron power and condensation length) is also reported. Results show we have the ability to eliminate all icosahedral isomers by tuning the formation conditions. The biggest advance reported in the work concerns the new technology of the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS), which has the potential to increase the production rate of nanoclusters by 7 orders of magnitude from 0. 1-1 nA (from a magnetron source) to 1-1 Om A. The principle of the MACS is demonstrated by the production of Ag and Au clusters. The development of the latest MACS instrument is also described. An equivalent cluster beam current of ~ 1OOnA has been achieved. Gold and silver clusters produced under controlled experimental conditions show a relatively narrow size distribution even without mass selection (at best ±25% in the number of atoms). The mean cluster size can be controlled via the experimental parameters, especially the metal concentration in the matrix. STEM is again the principal tool employed characterize the number and structure of cluster produced by the MACS.
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Ketner, Katherine Heidel. "Size restrictions in prosodic morphology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613087.
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Mahon, Annette. "Mammalian body size and phylogeny." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616106.
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