Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sixteenth-century Spanish America / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Sixteenth-century Spanish America'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sixteenth-century Spanish America.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sixteenth-century Spanish America.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Qamber, Rukhsana. "Family Matters." ISLAMIC STUDIES 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i3.1791.

Full text

Abstract:

History has so far paid scant attention to Muslims in the earliest phase of colonizing the Americas. As a general policy, the Spanish Crown prohibited all non-Catholics from going to early Spanish America. Nevertheless, historians recognize that a few Muslims managed to secretly cross the Atlantic Ocean with the European settlers during the sixteenth century. Later they imported African Muslim slaves but historians considered both Africans and indigenous peoples passive participants in forming Latin American society until evidence refuted these erroneous views. Furthermore, the public had assumed that only single Spanish men went to the American unknown until historians challenged this view, and now women’s role is fully recognized in the colonizing enterprise. Additionally, despite the ban on non-Catholics, researchers found many Jews in the Americas, even if the Spanish Inquisition found out and killed almost all of them. In line with revisionist history, my research pioneers in three aspects. It demonstrates that Muslim men and women went to early Spanish America. Also, the Spanish Crown allowed Muslims to legally go to its American colonies. Additionally, the documents substantiate my new findings that Muslims went to sixteenth-century Latin America as complete families. They mostly proceeded out of Spain as the wards or servant-slaves of Spanish settlers after superficially converting to Catholicism. The present study follows two case studies that record Muslim families in early sixteenth-century Spanish America. Paradoxically, their very persecutor—the Spanish Church and its terrible Inquisitorial arm—established their contested belief in Islam.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Fraser, Valerie. "ARCHITECTURE AND IMPERIALISM IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY SPANISH AMERICA." Art History 9, no. 3 (September 1986): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8365.1986.tb00204.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

MacLeod, Murdo J., and John C. Super. "Food, Conquest and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. 1 (1989): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Seligmann, Linda J., and John C. Super. "Food, Conquest, and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." Technology and Culture 31, no. 1 (January 1990): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105788.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Parsons, James J., and John C. Super. "Food, Conquest and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." Hispanic American Historical Review 69, no. 2 (May 1989): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515846.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Cushner, Nicholas P., and John C. Super. "Food, Conquest, and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." American Historical Review 95, no. 3 (June 1990): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164521.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sheridan, Thomas E., and John C. Super. "Food, Conquest, and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." American Indian Quarterly 14, no. 4 (1990): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1184996.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Parsons, James J. "Food, Conquest and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." Hispanic American Historical Review 69, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-69.2.347.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Adorno, Rolena. "Reconsidering Colonial Discourse for Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Spanish America." Latin American Research Review 28, no. 3 (1993): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002387910001699x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pike, Ruth. "Black Rebels: The Cimarrons of Sixteenth-Century Panama." Americas 64, no. 2 (October 2007): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2007.0161.

Full text

Abstract:

The strategic location of the Isthmus of Panama within the commercial network of the Spanish Empire and the need to defend it has greatly influenced historical writing on sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Panama. Most studies have emphasized military and economic history and with few exceptions, have shown little interest in other aspects of Panamanian life. An excellent review of the historical literature on colonial Panama can be found in Christopher Ward, Imperial Panama: Commerce and Conflict in Isthmian America, 1550-1800 (Albuquerque, 1993). Despite a continuing emphasis on the usual themes of trade and defense, there is a growing trend to focus on other topics such as population movements and social classes. One of the areas still awaiting further investigation and study is the history of the cimarrons of Panama. The two principal primary sources for the role of the cimarrons are the collections of documents from the Archivo General de Indias in Seville published by Irene Wright and Carol F. Jopling, respectively. Wright's Documents Concerning the English Voyages to the Spanish Main, 1569-1580 (London, 1932) contains the correspondence of Spanish officials on the Isthmus to the king relating to the activities of the English pirates and their alliance with the cimarrons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Schwaller, John Frederick, and Ida Altman. "Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and Spanish America in the Sixteenth Century." Sixteenth Century Journal 21, no. 2 (1990): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2541086.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Phillips, William D., and Ida Altman. "Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and Spanish America in the Sixteenth Century." Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 1 (February 1991): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516442.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Phillips, William D. "Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and Spanish America in the Sixteenth Century." Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-71.1.162.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jackson, Robert H. "Jesuits in Spanish America before the Suppression." Brill Research Perspectives in Jesuit Studies 2, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25897454-12340008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract From the late sixteenth century until their expulsion in 1767, members of the Society of Jesus played an important role in the urban life of Spanish America and as administrators of frontier missions. This study examines the organization of the Society of Jesus in Spanish America in large provinces, as well as the different urban institutions such as colegios and frontier missions. It outlines the spiritual and educational activities in cities. The Jesuits supported the royal initiative to evangelize indigenous populations on the frontiers, and particularly the outcomes that did not always conform to expectations. One reason for this was the effects of diseases such as smallpox on the indigenous populations. Finally, it examines the 1767 expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories. Some died before leaving the Americas or at sea. The majority reached Spain and were later shipped to exile in the Papal States.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Cook, Peter. "“A King in Every Countrey”: English and French Encounters with Indigenous Leaders in Sixteenth-Century America." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025073ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Beginning with Columbus’ 1493 report of kings among the “Indians,” European expeditionaries regularly perceived Indigenous leaders as kings during the first century of colonialism in the Americas. English and French narratives of the sixteenth century, following the models of early Spanish and Portuguese accounts, brought to light the existence of Aboriginal monarchs throughout the Americas, from the Arctic to Brazil and from New England to California. Popular compilations of travel accounts only cemented the trope in the European imagination. The ubiquity of such kings in early English and French colonial writing reveals the conceptual frameworks through which colonizers perceived the New World and the logic of the strategies they devised to conquer it. Toward the end of the sixteenth century, English and French views diverged, with the latter demonstrating a general reluctance to use the term “king” for Native American leaders. By contrast, English sources would continue to employ the vocabulary of kingship for this purpose into the nineteenth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

González Martínez, Nelson Fernando. "Communicating an Empire and Its Many Worlds: Spanish American Mail, Logistics, and Postal Agents, 1492–1620." Hispanic American Historical Review 101, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 567–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9366571.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article examines the principles underlying Spanish American mail during the government of the first Hapsburgs. I propose that this mail system, in which official and unofficial postal services coexisted, allowed for an intense communicational experience; rather than restricting correspondence, mail circulated at unprecedented levels. To understand this system's rationale I focus on the figure of the correos mayores, who were responsible for the distribution of official information (or information of interest to the crown) within certain Spanish American cities. Using sources in American and European archives, I question the premise that Spanish American communication was chaotic during this period. I also argue that the exceptional circulation of mail within Spanish America and overseas during the sixteenth century is essential for understanding European expansion and the early modern world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ramirez, Susan Elizabeth. "Amores Prohibidos: The Consequences of the Clash of Juridical Norms in Sixteenth Century Peru." Americas 62, no. 01 (July 2005): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500063343.

Full text

Abstract:

Laws make criminals. Lao-tzu, Chinese Philosopher (circa sixth century B.C.E.) Fundamental to the establishment of Spanish colonial power in America was the formation of a system of laws and the invention or extension of institutions needed to implement them. In Peru, a more systematic imposition of Spanish regulation began in the 1540s with the introduction of the New Laws (1542), which were directed to the west coast of South America in 1543 by the first appointed Viceroy, the ill-fated peninsular noble, the caballero (gentleman) Blasco Nuñez Vela.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ramirez, Susan Elizabeth. "Amores Prohibidos: The Consequences of the Clash of Juridical Norms in Sixteenth Century Peru." Americas 62, no. 1 (July 2005): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2005.0135.

Full text

Abstract:

Laws make criminals.Lao-tzu, Chinese Philosopher(circa sixth century B.C.E.)Fundamental to the establishment of Spanish colonial power in America was the formation of a system of laws and the invention or extension of institutions needed to implement them. In Peru, a more systematic imposition of Spanish regulation began in the 1540s with the introduction of the New Laws (1542), which were directed to the west coast of South America in 1543 by the first appointed Viceroy, the ill-fated peninsular noble, the caballero (gentleman) Blasco Nuñez Vela.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Penny, H. Glenn. "Latin American Connections: Recent Work on German Interactions with Latin America." Central European History 46, no. 2 (June 2013): 362–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938913000654.

Full text

Abstract:

German interactions with Latin America have a long history. Indeed, early modern historians have demonstrated that people from German-speaking central Europe took part in all aspects of the European conquest of Central and South America. They have shown that these people were critical to mining operations and publishing in sixteenth-century Mexico; they have found them among Portuguese and Spanish sailors and soldiers almost everywhere; and they have located them playing important roles in a wide range of professions from Mexico to the south of Chile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Cañizares Esguerra, Jorge. "Spanish America in Eighteenth-Century European Travel Compilations: a New "Art of Reading" and the Transition To Modernity." Journal of Early Modern History 2, no. 4 (1998): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006598x00018.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBy the mid-eighteenth century sixteenth-century Spanish American testimonies on the New World suddely lost credibility with European audiences. This study seeks to explain this curious episode and traces it to new developments in ways to create and validate knowledge in early modern Europe. The genre of travel accounts proved instrumental in undermining the authority of Spanish accounts. Editors of travel compilations developed a "new art of reading" that privileged "internal" over "external" criticism. If in the past editors apportioned credit according to the number, character, and social standing of witnesses and favored knowledge gathered personally through the senses, by the mid-eighteenth century editors read accounts in the light of contemporary social theories : those accounts that proved inconsistent with the theories of political economy were dismissed. The reliability of sixteenth century Spanish eyewitnesses on the grandeur of the Aztec and Inca civilizations was called into question because these witnesses were deemed incapable of regulating their perceptions through reason (good taste). Since the new art of reading deployed by editors of travel compilations emerged out of a close dialogue between Europe and its colonies, this study shows the deep colonial roots of European modernity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Altman, Ida. "Spanish Hidalgos and America: The Ovandos of Cáceres." Americas 43, no. 3 (January 1987): 323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006767.

Full text

Abstract:

The image of the lone and footloose venturer, all but penniless, striking out for the Indies seeking immediate enrichment, has long since given way to a more balanced picture of the Spanish settlers of the New World in the sixteenth century. This revised picture suggests that the Spanish emigrants had their origins principally in a wide middle sector of social and occupational groups, ranging from hidalgos below the level of the high nobility, professionals and officials, to artisans and tradespeople of all sorts, farmers, and an impressive number of “servants.” One component of the earlier image of Spanish emigrants—the down-on-his lick hidalgo whose pride and sense of honor propelled him to the Indies in hope of improving his fortunes—survived the transition to the revised idea now accepted, his reputation somewhat rehabilitated but his presence undeniable. Stereotypes notwithstanding, the image of the cadet sons of hidalgo families and of relatively poor hidalgos going off to the Indies has considerable basis in fact; it is a reflection of the realities of Spanish family and social structure that sent the same type of individual into religious orders, universities, or the army. But while a basic truth gave rise to the longstanding cliche, we still know relatively little of what lies behind it—nor, for that matter, do we know very much about the hidalgos and provincial nobility of Spain, the sector (as opposed to the high titled nobility) that entered into the Indies venture in the sixteenth century in some numbers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Yeager, Timothy J. "Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." Journal of Economic History 55, no. 4 (December 1995): 842–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700042182.

Full text

Abstract:

When the Spaniards conquered the New World, they resorted to a form of native labor organization called the encomienda. The encomienda differed from slavery in that the Crown imposed inheritance, trading, and relocation restrictions on encomenderos. Such restrictions cost the Crown revenue by providing incentives for colonists to deplete more quickly the stock of native labor and by keeping native labour in areas of low-revenue productivity. This loss of revenue makes the Crown's Preference for the encomienda curious. The Crown opted for the encomienda, however, to secure its rule and to satisfy an ideological bias against slavery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Harrington, J. Drew. "Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." History: Reviews of New Books 32, no. 1 (January 2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2003.10527650.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge. "Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America." Hispanic American Historical Review 84, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-84-2-337.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Cummins, Victoria Hennessey. "Imperial Policy and Church Income: The Sixteenth Century Mexican Church." Americas 43, no. 1 (July 1986): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007120.

Full text

Abstract:

The long-traditional view of the Roman Catholic Church in Spanish America as a monolithic, wealthy, and all powerful institution has been gradually modified by successive studies over the last thirty years. From these examinations emerges the picture of a complex institution characterized by diversity, and internal conflict. New research continues to enlarge and clarify understanding of the Church's role as an institution of the Spanish empire.What follows will, in highlighting the colonial Church's relationship to the Spanish crown, add to this view of it as a complex and diverse institution. An examination of crown policy with regard to Church finance in the sixteenth century shows that the episcopal hierarchy of the Mexican colonial Church had a subordinate relationship to the crown in the era of the Counter Reformation. Rather than a strong Church influencing the crown, what emerges is the portrait of a relatively weak, dependent institution, supported by the king. The secular church hierarchy had only enough power to carry out its function and serve as a counterpoint to the religious orders, not enough to achieve financial independence on its own. The basis for this relationship lies in the patrimonial nature of Castilian government and its dominant position over the Church hierarchy because of the Patronato Real.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Myers, Scott. "A Survey of British Literature on Buenos Aires During the First Half of the 19th Century." Americas 44, no. 1 (July 1987): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006849.

Full text

Abstract:

The British involvement with Argentina has a long and, at times, tumultous history. Dating as far back as the 18th century the Rio de la Plata basin held a great attraction for British merchants. England needed Spanish America as a source of bullion and an outlet for individual goods.As early as the 1540s British vessels explored the coastlines, of Argentina. There already existed a considerable amount of trade between Brazil and England throughout the sixteenth century. The buccaneer William Hawkins, along with other Englishmen, was intent on expanding on this clandestine trade to other areas in the New World. Sometimes with the cooperation of the Spanish authorities, certain British merchants were able to maneuver themselves into the commercial life of these new colonies. By the eighteenth century the British had established numerous slave markets in Hispanic America including one in Buenos Aires.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Anawalt, Patricia Rieff. "Ancient Cultural Contacts between Ecuador, West Mexico, and the American Southwest: Clothing Similarities." Latin American Antiquity 3, no. 2 (June 1992): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971939.

Full text

Abstract:

Clothing styles, design motifs, and techniques of cloth production found in codex illustrations and on pottery and extant textile fragments suggest diffusion of culture traits from the northern coast of South America to West Mexico and on into the American Southwest. The non-mesoamerican garments depicted in a West Mexican sixteenth-century manuscript and on mortuary figurines buried more than 1,000 years earlier in an adjacent area find analogs only in styles that were present in Ecuador from 1500 B. C. up to the time of Spanish contact. Clothing and textile design motifs represented on figures found in the West Mexican shaft tombs of Ixtlán del Río, Nayarit, indicate that these parallels existed as early as 400 B. C. A variety of other data suggest that intermittent maritime contact persisted between Ecuador and West Mexico through the intervening period and into the sixteenth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Lambert, Joseph B., Elizabeth Graham, Marvin T. Smith, and James S. Frye. "Amber and Jet From Tipu, Belize." Ancient Mesoamerica 5, no. 1 (1994): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100001036.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of amber and jet beads found at Tipu, a Colonial-period Maya site in Belize, Central America, indicate that these materials are of European origin. The two jet beads were found in association with the burial of children in a Christian cemetery, and the single amber bead was in a midden from the early years of Spanish occupation. Both the cemetery and the midden probably date to the late sixteenth century. The amber is clearly of Baltic origin. The jet spectrum is consistent with a Spanish origin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Herzog, Tamar. "Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America." Americas 69, no. 03 (January 2013): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500002303.

Full text

Abstract:

Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native dispossession was a dominant feature of colonial life. Whatever the theory may have mandated, the balance of power favored non-natives by allowing them access to a wide variety of social, legal, political, economic, and cultural instruments enabling them to control the land.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Herzog, Tamar. "Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America." Americas 69, no. 3 (January 2013): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2013.0016.

Full text

Abstract:

Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native dispossession was a dominant feature of colonial life. Whatever the theory may have mandated, the balance of power favored non-natives by allowing them access to a wide variety of social, legal, political, economic, and cultural instruments enabling them to control the land.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Klein, Herbert S., and Jacques A. Barbier. "Recent Trends in the Study of Spanish American Colonial Public Finance." Latin American Research Review 23, no. 1 (1988): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100034701.

Full text

Abstract:

Fiscal history has become one of the most active new fields of research on colonial Spanish America. This trend has resulted from a number of recent breakthroughs, most notably the reconstruction of colonial treasury records and the appearance of the first revisionist studies based on the new data. These works are challenging traditional views, particularly the general understanding of the colonial economic experience and the evolution of imperial ties. Indeed, the fiscal series now being made available, if properly supported by qualitative research and regional studies, may affect seventeenth- and eighteenth-century historiography as notably as the demographic works of the Berkeley school affected sixteenth- and seventeenth-century historiography.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Arbo, Desiree, and Desiree Arbo. "Defining 'Movement' in Global History: The Early Modern Iberian World in a Global Frame (16th-18th centuries)." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 5, no. 1 (October 29, 2017): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v5i1.195.

Full text

Abstract:

On 9 June 2017, scholars from a range of disciplines across the United Kingdom and Spain met at the University of Warwick to discuss the ways in which taking a global perspective can enrich research on early modern Iberia and colonial Spanish America. Coming at a time when Spanish exceptionalism is being increasingly challenged but the Americas are still being side-lined in the writing of global history, the presenters addressed gaps in current historiography and challenged Eurocentric narratives of early modern history which have predominated since the Enlightenment. The final roundtable called for definition in the language of movement in global history and concluded that we need to rethink global history as a project that began in the sixteenth century with conceptions of an Iberian or Catholic globe, an orbe hispano.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cáceres-Lorenzo, M. Teresa. "Elementos diferenciales en el español atlántico." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 50, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.50.2.04cac.

Full text

Abstract:

In the Canary Islands, the Spanish Atlantic regional lexicon shows resemblance to the lexicon from Andalusia and west mainland Spain. This shared vocabulary is a result of the common history of these varieties since the sixteenth century. This research aims at finding Spanish Atlantic common vocabulary, a superdialect understood as encompassing the Spanish of Spain and America, from which we have no numerical data. Canarian Spanish shows many common Hispanic voices from all the different areas and becomes a case study. The research is designed with a quantitative methodology applied to a corpus formed by different dialect dictionaries. The results show evidence of a Koine in several stages through the analysis of shared voices and the verification that Andalusian Spanish has not been the only means of dissemination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Latasa, Pilar. "“If they remained as mere words”: Trent, Marriage, and Freedom in the Viceroyalty of Peru, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries." Americas 73, no. 1 (January 2016): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.2.

Full text

Abstract:

The right of persons to marry without coercion and live their marriage freely was one of the foremost and frequently mentioned topics among synod and council fathers, moralists, and canon lawyers in colonial Spanish America. Within the territory of the viceroyalty of Peru, the recommendations of the Council of Trent in this regard took the form of a new set of ecclesiastical regulations, derived from synods and councils that occurred from the sixteenth through the eighteenth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

WILLIAMS, PATRICK. "Ida Altman, "Emigrants and Society. Extremadura and Spanish America in the Sixteenth Century" (Book Review)." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 71, no. 2 (April 1994): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.71.2.292.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

González Martínez, Nelson. "Mail concessions for a global empire: correos mayores in the Spanish Empire in America (1514-1620)." Fronteras de la Historia 27, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22380/20274688.2328.

Full text

Abstract:

The nature of mail concessions awarded to private parties in order to enable the distribution of information within the Spanish Empire in the sixteenth century is examined. I propose the hypothesis that several versions of mail concessions coexisted within the Spanish Empire. Likewise, I question the notion that these mail concessions were intended to gain monopoly control. The analysis concentrates on correos mayores, through which contracts were negotiated and entered into with the crown for the rights to distribute correspondence in several communication epicenters. By means of a comparison between the situations in Sevilla, the Royal Court, Mexico, and Guatemala, the article shows that “gifts” by various means, as well as auctions, were the main models for allocating mail concessions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Marichal, Carlos. "Rethinking Negotiation and Coercion in an Imperial State." Hispanic American Historical Review 88, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2007-118.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract By reinterpreting the recent literature on the fiscal history of Spain and Spanish America during the long span of the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, Irigoin and Grafe have written a major revisionist essay that will probably change the way historians think about intra-imperial fiscal relations and that raises many important issues regarding the strategies of local elites within the imperial structure. They also demonstrate that the analysis of the internal dynamics of the Spanish empire can contribute forcefully to contemporary debates on the comparative study of eighteenth-century empires. Nonetheless, numerous facets of the essay run counter to the findings of many historians who have laboriously reconstructed the Bourbon tax system in Spanish America. A reading of the historical literature produced over the last two decades suggests that while political negotiations between the Spanish monarchy and privileged corporations and urban governments were of great importance, it would be a mistake to discount the importance of coercion and censorship as essential and frequently used instruments of the crown and the powerful to maintain the status quo. These were common instruments in the metropolis but were not infrequently applied with singular severity in the colonies. In the case of Spanish America in the second half of the eighteenth century, the nature of coercion and the brutal response to popular protests (particularly tax revolts) have been analyzed by numerous historians but are downplayed in the essay under discussion. Similarly, it is important to note that most recent historical studies demonstrate that the fiscal reforms carried out by the Bourbon regime throughout Spanish America were much more homogeneous and successful in extracting a rapidly rising level of tax resources from the colonial population than the authors would appear to suggest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

WEISSBOURD, EMILY. "Beyond Othello: Juan Latino in Black America." Journal of American Studies 54, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875819002020.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay focusses on references to the sixteenth-century black poet and scholar Juan Latino in African American journals in the 1920s–1940s. Although Juan Latino is largely forgotten in the present day, publications such as the Journal of Negro History and the New Negro referred to the poet as an important figure in the intellectual history of the African diaspora. My essay posits Juan Latino (both the historical figure and an early modern play about him) as an alternative exemplar of blackness in early modern Europe to that found in Othello. By turning to Juan Latino instead of to Othello, scholars in the 1920s–1940s were able to suggest a transnational and transhistorical black diasporic identity linked with African American solidarity with the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil War.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Fernández Camacho, Pamina. "Carthaginians Beyond the Ocean: Comparison, Justification, and Inversion in the Hypothesis of the Carthaginian Discovery of America." Classical Receptions Journal 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/clab016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract After the American continent was discovered, Spanish intellectuals exerted their ingenuity in an attempt to explain the existence of those hitherto unknown territories, and engaged in controversies about the moral and legal right to exploit them. The use of classical sources as authorities was common in those debates. In this article, we focus on the mention by Ps.-Aristotle and Diodorus of an island in the Atlantic Ocean, discovered and exploited by Carthaginians until the colonization process came to a dramatic end. We study the use of this story in connection with America, exploring its role in the controversy about rights of discovery and its implications for the debate about the ethnicity of indigenous peoples and the justification of their conquest. This led to the establishment of a comparison between the ancient colonization of Spain by the Carthaginians and the colonization of America by the Spaniards, where the latter was presented as an improvement or positive reverse of the former. Finally, we present the hypothesis that this Carthaginian colonization, as it was imagined in the early sixteenth century, was inspired by contemporary events taking place in America, and that this had an impact on the understanding of ancient Spanish history for centuries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Chopo, Yolanda Gamarra. "History of the Historiography of Spanish Textbooks and Treatises on International Law of the 19th Century." Spanish Yearbook of International Law Online 17, no. 1 (2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116125-01701002.

Full text

Abstract:

The bibliography of Spanish international law textbooks is a good indicator of the evolution of the historiography of international law. Spanish historiography, with its own special features, was a recipient of the great debates concerning naturalism v. positivism and universalism v. particularism that flourished in European and American historiography in the nineteenth century. This study is articulated on four principal axes. The first states how the writings of the philosophes continued to dominate the way in which the subject was conceived in mid-nineteenth century Spain. Secondly, it explores the popularization and democratization of international law through the work of Concepcion Arenal and the heterodox thought of Rafael Maria de Labra. Thirdly, it examines the first textbooks of international law with their distinct natural law bias, but imbued with certain positivist elements. These textbooks trawled sixteenth century Spanish history, searching for the origins of international law and thus demonstrating the historical civilizing role of Spain, particularly in America. Fourthly, it considers the vision of institutionist, heterodox reformers and bourgeois liberals who proclaimed the universality of international law, not without some degree of ambivalence, and their defence of Spain as the object of civilization and also a civilizing subject. In conclusion, the article argues that the late development of textbooks was a consequence of the late institutionalization of the study of international law during the last decade of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the legacy of the nineteenth century survives in the most progressive of contemporary polemics for a new international law.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Crewe, Ryan Dominic. "Pacific Purgatory: Spanish Dominicans, Chinese Sangleys, and the Entanglement of Mission and Commerce in Manila, 1580-1620." Journal of Early Modern History 19, no. 4 (June 18, 2015): 337–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342461.

Full text

Abstract:

In late-sixteenth-century Manila, Spanish Dominican missionaries sought to convert Chinese merchants from Fujian Province known as Sangleys. The Dominican-Sangley encounter unfolded in a segregated Chinese quarter known as the Parián. This local encounter had outsize implications for an emerging early modern Pacific World: it enabled a lucrative transpacific trade that connected the histories of America and Asia, and it provided a foothold in Manila for both Dominicans and Sangleys to meet their respective spiritual and commercial goals. Dominicans offered protection to Sangleys with the intention of using their networks to reach China and evangelize there, while Sangleys understood that Dominicans were essential to their residency and prosperity in this Spanish colony. Sangley leverage in transpacific commerce, however, ultimately undermined missionary aspirations. Spanish Christian universalism, honed in prior New World conquests, lost ground to the religious pluralism of maritime Asia. Manila thus became a purgatory for the Dominicans, where Spanish Christian expansionism had to coexist with a burgeoning transpacific trade that required mutual accommodations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

WHEAT, DAVID. "THE FIRST GREAT WAVES: AFRICAN PROVENANCE ZONES FOR THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE TO CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, 1570–1640." Journal of African History 52, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853711000119.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTDrawing on port entry records for 487 ships disembarking nearly 80,000 captives in Cartagena de Indias, the primary slaving port in early colonial Spanish America, this article provides a new assessment of the relative importance of major African provenance zones for the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century transatlantic slave trade. Upper Guinea and Angola furnished roughly equal shares of forced migrants to Cartagena between 1570 and 1640, with a smaller wave of captives from Lower Guinea. While Angola eventually replaced Upper Guinea as the main source of slave traffic to Cartagena, the shift was more gradual than scholars have previously believed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lovell, W. George. "Presidential Address: A Rainbow of Spanish Illusions: Research Frontiers in Colonial Guatemala." Ethnohistory 66, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 409–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7517850.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Compared still to what we know about Mexico and Peru, the historiography of colonial Guatemala, despite notable advances, continues to lag behind, registering minimally in the Latin American scholarly imagination. The field is surveyed by examining some of the issues that have intrigued the author over the course of his career. Personal reflections are offered of research activities that engage indigenous resistance to Spanish intrusion, demographic collapse in the wake of conquest, the link between disease outbreaks and Maya demise, and the role played by Pedro de Alvarado (1485–1541) in attaining imperial objectives. Scrutiny of the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan, a sixteenth-century source the contents of which have been incisively reappraised, affords fuller appreciation of strategic Indian involvement in the act of subjugation. Alvarado, a key protagonist in the conquest of Mexico, also harbored ambitions to muscle in on the conquest of Peru, a little-known episode that awaits further investigation. The conqueror’s own life, like Central America itself, may indeed have been a rainbow of Spanish illusions, pots of gold dreamed of, lost and found at native expense.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Easterbrook, Rhiannon. "Reception." Greece and Rome 69, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383521000346.

Full text

Abstract:

While this issue's selection of books on classical reception is diverse in subject area and methodology, one theme they all share is a focus on place and space. The Classics in South America by Germán Campos Muñoz and Time and Antiquity in American Empire by Mark Storey are particularly focused on Classics and the spatiality of empire. South America's location beyond the extent of the world known to the Roman Empire provided an interesting point of departure for the classically inclined inhabitants of the continent as they considered continuities and disjunctures with the time and space of classical antiquity. Campos Muñoz's second and third case studies discuss an array of material and literary evidence in examining how both colonial and anti-imperial activities were framed with respect to ancient history and epic. We see how a sixteenth-century Spanish nobleman celebrated becoming Viceroy of Peru in a procession through a triumphal arch adorned with Latin hexameter and classical motifs. Similarly, Simón Bolívar, the revolutionary and subject of classical odes celebrating his liberation of South American territories, enjoyed classicizing triumphs and parades (140). These contrasting case studies show the ongoing significance of the Roman Empire to South America, even as its imperial status changed dramatically.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Trexler, Richard C. "Reviews of Books:Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America David A. Lupher." American Historical Review 109, no. 3 (June 2004): 945–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/530656.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

van Andel, Tinde, Rutger A. Vos, Ewout Michels, and Anastasia Stefanaki. "Sixteenth-century tomatoes in Europe: who saw them, what they looked like, and where they came from." PeerJ 10 (January 17, 2022): e12790. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12790.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Soon after the Spanish conquest of the Americas, the first tomatoes were presented as curiosities to the European elite and drew the attention of sixteenth-century Italian naturalists. Despite of their scientific interest in this New World crop, most Renaissance botanists did not specify where these ‘golden apples’ or ‘pomi d’oro’ came from. The debate on the first European tomatoes and their origin is often hindered by erroneous dating, botanical misidentifications and inaccessible historical sources. The discovery of a tomato specimen in the sixteenth-century ‘En Tibi herbarium’ kept at Leiden, the Netherlands, triggered research on its geographical provenance and morphological comparison to other tomato specimens and illustrations from the same time period. Methods Recent digitization efforts greatly facilitate research on historic botanical sources. Here we provide an overview of the ten remaining sixteenth-century tomato specimens, early descriptions and 13 illustrations. Several were never published before, revealing what these tomatoes looked like, who saw them, and where they came from. We compare our historical findings with recent molecular research on the chloroplast and nuclear DNA of the ‘En Tibi’ specimen. Results Our survey shows that the earliest tomatoes in Europe came in a much wider variety of colors, shapes and sizes than previously thought, with both simple and fasciated flowers, round and segmented fruits. Pietro Andrea Matthioli gave the first description of a tomato in 1544, and the oldest specimens were collected by Ulisse Aldrovandi and Francesco Petrollini in c. 1551, possibly from plants grown in the Pisa botanical garden by their teacher Luca Ghini. The oldest tomato illustrations were made in Germany and Switzerland in the early 1550s, but the Flemish Rembert Dodoens published the first image in 1553. The names of early tomatoes in contemporary manuscripts suggest both a Mexican and a Peruvian origin. The ‘En Tibi’ specimen was collected by Petrollini around 1558 and thus is not the oldest extant tomato. Recent molecular research on the ancient nuclear and chloroplast DNA of the En Tibi specimen clearly shows that it was a fully domesticated tomato, and genetically close to three Mexican landraces and two Peruvian specimens that probably also had a Mesoamerican origin. Molecular research on the other sixteenth-century tomato specimens may reveal other patterns of genetic similarity, past selection processes, and geographic origin. Clues on the ‘historic’ taste and pest resistance of the sixteenth-century tomatoes will be difficult to predict from their degraded DNA, but should be rather sought in those landraces in Central and South America that are genetically close to them. The indigenous farmers growing these traditional varieties should be supported to conserve these heirloom varieties in-situ.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Israeli, Yanay. "The Requerimiento in the Old World: Making Demands and Keeping Records in the Legal Culture of Late Medieval Castile." Law and History Review 40, no. 1 (February 2022): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248021000602.

Full text

Abstract:

This article analyses the place of the legal procedure known as requerimiento (requirement) in the social life of late medieval Castile. Drawing on archival sources from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, it examines how Castilians deployed the requerimiento and what meanings and functions this procedure assumed, particularly in processes of conflict-management. While much has been written about the requerimiento as a ritual of conquest in Spanish America, the place of this procedure in the legal culture of late medieval Castile has received little scholarly attention. By examining how the requerimiento operated within the world of civic disputes in Castilian villages and towns, this study brings to light a rather unknown background for the more familiar requerimiento, the colonial ritual of the sixteenth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Cooley, Mackenzie. "Teaching Tepahtia." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 3 (September 2019): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.130005.

Full text

Abstract:

This pedagogical article discusses sources and methods for teaching the history of imperial science and medicine in the Nahua world from 1400 to 1600, a period that ranges from the spectacular growth of the Aztec Empire through the conquest to the creation of New Spain. By providing students tools to explore non-European ontologies and world-building, this article presents several exercises in which students act as archival researchers and themselves puzzle out the complexities of information transfer in the archive of sixteenth-century Latin America. Combining European paleography workshops, linguistic tools pioneered by the IDIEZ Nahuatl program, the study of Mesoamerican archeological objects, and an engagement with Mexican medicinal plants to recreate early modern remedies, students gain access to a world of New Spanish knowledge-creation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gharala, Norah L. A. "‘From Mozambique in Indies of Portugal’." Journal of Global Slavery 7, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 243–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00703001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Between the mid-sixteenth and late-seventeenth centuries, a minority of enslaved people in Spanish America came from the western Indian Ocean world. Europeans trafficked “Mozambiques” into central Mexico as early as the 1540s, but the terms connecting people to Eastern Africa remained nebulous to imperial authorities. Changeable and malleable, terms like “mozambique” or “cafre de pasa” circulated widely and developed layers of meaning as enslaved people moved among the port cities of the Iberian empires. These vocabularies of difference associated Blackness with the Indo-Pacific in Mexican historical documents. Tracing the experiences of enslaved people of East African origins in Mexico complicates the conflation of Blackness, slavery, and Atlantic Africa. Before the eighteenth century, historical sources point to an overlapping of categories denoting Africanness and Asianness in Mexico.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Jamieson, Ross W. "Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares." Latin American Antiquity 12, no. 1 (March 2001): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971756.

Full text

Abstract:

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!