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Petruzzello, Steven J., and Charles B. Corbin. "Tie Effects of Performance Feedback on Female Self-Confidence." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 10, no. 2 (June 1988): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.10.2.174.
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Research has suggested that females lack self-confidence in their abilities to perform in certain physical activity situations. This "situational vulnerability," however, is not characteristic of all age levels. The present research was designed to determine if situational vulnerability was characteristic of college-age females and to determine if postperformance feedback would enhance self-confidence. Further, the research was designed to determine if feedback-enhanced self-confidence would generalize to a different task. In Study 1, males and females (N=381) rated the gender appropriateness of several motor tasks and made confidence ratings. In Study 2, high and low confidence college-age women (N=69) were tested to determine if feedback increased confidence on a gender-neutral task.. Subjects were then tested for confidence after performing a different task to determine if feedback-produced confidence differences were enduring. The results indicated that both tasks were rated as gender-neutral, but college-age females lacked confidence when compared to males. Feedback did improve confidence for low confidence females, but this feedback-enhanced self-confidence did not generalize to a different motor task. It is suggested that a fourth factor, namely lack of experience, be added to Lenney's (1977) situational vulnerability hypothesis as a factor likely to affect female self-confidence.
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., Daniel Ventricelli, and Rajkumar J. Sevak. "Situational communication self-confidence among community pharmacists: A descriptive analysis." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 13, no. 6 (November 2017): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.12.003.
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Miller, P. J., S. M. Ross, R. Y. Emmerson, and E. H. Todt. "Self-efficacy in alcoholics: Clinical validation of the situational confidence questionnaire." Addictive Behaviors 14, no. 2 (January 1989): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(89)90052-x.
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Jones, J. Graham, Austin Swain, and Andrew Cale. "Antecedents of Multidimensional Competitive State Anxiety and Self-Confidence in Elite Intercollegiate Middle-Distance Runners." Sport Psychologist 4, no. 2 (June 1990): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.4.2.107.
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This study examined situational antecedents of multidimensional competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in a sample of 125 elite intercollegiate middle-distance runners. Cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence were measured 1 hour prior to performance via the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2. Subjects also completed the 19-item Pre-Race Questionnaire (PRQ) which was designed to examine situational antecedents of the competitive state anxiety components. Factor analysis of the PRQ revealed five factors: perceived readiness, attitude toward previous performance, position goal, coach influence, and external environment. Stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that cognitive anxiety was predicted by the first three of these factors. However, none of the factors were found to significantly predict somatic anxiety. Self-confidence was also predicted by two factors, perceived readiness and external environment. These findings suggest that cognitive anxiety and self-confidence share some common antecedents but that there are also factors unique to each.
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Ryska, Todd A. "Effects of Situational Self-Handicapping and State Self-Confidence on the Physical Performance of Young Participants." Psychological Record 52, no. 4 (October 2002): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395198.
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Lane, Andrew, Peter Terry, and Costas Karageorghis. "Antecedents of Multidimensional Competitive State Anxiety and Self-Confidence in Duathletes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3 (June 1995): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.911.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the situational antecedents of multidimensional state anxiety among competitors in the sport of duathlon (run/cycle/run). Subjects ( N = 122; Age: M = 28.3 yr., SD = 7.8 yr.) completed the Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory-2 1 hr. before competition. In addition, they completed a 21-item Prerace Questionnaire modified for duathlon on which scores were factor analysed. Six factors accounted for 73.5% of the variance, similar to those identified by Jones, et al. in 1990. Step-wise multiple regression indicated that race goals and perceived readiness were significant predictors of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Self-confidence was also predicted by attitude toward previous performance. This finding supports the proposal that these anxiety subcomponents share common antecedents but challenges the notion that cognitive and somatic anxiety also have unique antecedents.
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Al Khasawneh, Esra, Judie Arulappan, Jansi Rani Natarajan, Savithri Raman, and Chandrani Isac. "Efficacy of Simulation Using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework on Satisfaction and Self-Confidence of Undergraduate Nursing Students in a Middle-Eastern Country." SAGE Open Nursing 7 (January 2021): 237796082110113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211011316.
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Introduction Utilizing simulation in nursing education is increasingly becoming a popular teaching pedagogy. Simulation provides opportunity to the nursing students to practice the clinical skills through various real life like situational experiences. Simulation improves the clinical decision making skills of the nursing students. Objective A descriptive, cross sectional, correlational study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of simulation using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework on satisfaction and self-confidence of Undergraduate nursing students. Methods 370 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. Educational practices, Simulation design, Student satisfaction and Self-confidence questionnaires were used. Results Majority of the nursing students perceived agreement on various domains of student satisfaction, self-confidence, educational practices and simulation design used in the curriculum. The students were self-confident to care for similar patients in the clinical area and satisfied with this instructional method. Satisfaction and self-confidence were correlated with educational practices and simulation design. Conclusion Developing simulations using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation framework will provide meaningful, engaging, and pedagogically sound experiences for the students. Pre-briefing and de-briefing are meaningful strategies to enhance the learning of students.
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Lee, Jieun, and Ilyoo Barry Hong. "The Influence of Situational Constraints on Consumers’ Evaluation and Use of Online Reviews: A Heuristic-Systematic Model Perspective." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 1517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050085.
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Online reviews help consumers make informed product choices by serving as a valuable source of information for a buying decision. However, consumer’s situational constraints such as time pressure or purchase uncertainty negatively impact the way in which buyers evaluate and use online reviews, reducing their effectiveness. This study examines the influence of situational constraints, namely perceived time pressure and purchase uncertainty, on consumers’ evaluation and use of online reviews for information search. This empirical study used an online survey to collect data from 560 Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Findings indicate that both perceived time pressure and perceived purchase uncertainty are positively associated with heuristic processing of online reviews but negatively associated with systematic processing of online reviews. Moreover, while both heuristic and systematic information processing increased buyers’ self-confidence in their purchase decisions, systematic processing led to greater buyer self-confidence than did heuristic processing. This study concludes with a discussion of practical and academic implications, as well as future research directions.
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López Ortiz, Angel, and Marisela Gutiérrez Vega. "Validación del Cuestionario Breve de Confianza Situacional en muestra clínica con drogodependencia." Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones 6, no. 2 (November 7, 2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2020.2.02.
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Introduction: many studies have concluded that self-efficacy is an essential variable within the area of drug addictions and a key to maintaining abstinence and preventing relapses. The Situational Confidence Questionnaire by Annis et al. (1987), is one of the most used instruments to measure self-efficacy and has had various modifications. The Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire (CBCS), is the shortest version with only 8 items. Objective: to obtain the factor validity and reliability of the CBCS with a clinical sample in residential modality. Method: the study was carried out with a sample of 41 volunteers patients, adolescents, and adults interned in a residential rehabilitation center. The evaluation met the standards for the development and review of instrumental studies. Results: after carrying out the exploratory factor analysis, the eight original items were left within a single factor which explains 71.39% of the variance, with a factor load between the ranges of .76 and .91, and with an internal consistency of .941. Discussion and conclusions: the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire presents an internal consistency with high reliability and acceptable factor loads, such as was found in other studies. Therefore, its use in Mexico is suggested as an evaluation tool in a clinical setting, with patients who are interned in a rehabilitation center. It is recommended to carry out replications with more representative and randomly selected samples. Furthermore, it is suggested to include confirmatory factor analysis to obtain greater certainty in the results.
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Kingston, Kieran, Andrew Lane, and Owen Thomas. "A Temporal Examination of Elite Performers Sources of Sport-Confidence." Sport Psychologist 24, no. 3 (September 2010): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.3.313.
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This study examined temporal changes in sources of sport-confidence during the build up to an important competition. Elite individual athletes (N = 54) completed the Sources of Sport-Confidence Questionnaire (SSCQ) at five precompetition phases (6 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 weeks, 2 weeks and 1 week before competition). A two-factor (gender x time-to-competition) MANOVA revealed no significant interactions, but highlighted both time-to-competition and gender main effects. Time-to-competition main effects indicated the importance placed upon demonstration of ability, physical/mental preparation, physical self-presentation and situational favorableness sources of sport-confidence changed during the precompetition phase. Gender main effects revealed that female athletes demonstrated a significantly greater reliance on sources associated with mastery, physical self-presentation, social support, environmental comfort and coach’s leadership than male athletes. These findings emphasize the benefit of considering sources of sport-confidence as competition approaches; they may have implications for the design and timing of confidence based interventions.
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Sander, Paul, and Jesús de la Fuente. "Undergraduate Student Gender, Personality and Academic Confidence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 5567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155567.
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Within a socio-situational and socio-behavioural context, the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and the academic confidence of university students and how they differed by sex of the student was explored. Previous research has identified both conscientiousness and academic confidence as being linked to university performance. In respect of sex, female students have been found to score higher on all of the Big Five measures, whereas the relationship between sex and academic confidence has been mixed. Using self-report measures of personality and academic confidence from 1523 Spanish students, it was found that the female students were more confident in their grades, studying and attendance components of academic confidence and had higher scores for conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism personality measures. A multiple regression analysis found that personality predicts academic confidence, with conscientiousness being the trait that statistically loaded the most strongly. This research further confirms the validity of the Academic Behavioural Confidence scale and suggests that measures of personality and, especially, academic confidence could be usefully used in student support situations to help students acquire the strategies and skills that lead to successful university study. It is suggested that further research in the area needs to include outcome or achievement measures and measures of hypothetical constructs, such as personality and academic confidence, that go beyond self-report measures.
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Kjøormo, Odd, and Hallgeir Halvari. "Relation of Burnout with Lack of Time for Being with Significant others, Role Conflict, Cohesion, and Self-Confidence among Norwegian Olympic Athletes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3 (June 2002): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3.795.
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We studied the relationship of burnout with environmental and personal characteristics such as lack of time for being with significant others outside sport, cohesion in training groups, role conflict, and self-confidence among 136 elite athletes. Analysis indicated that the mean Burnout scores were in the low range. Cohesion in training groups and Self-confidence were negatively associated with Burnout, whereas Lack of time to be with significant others and Role conflict were positively associated with Burnout scores. Results are in accordance with Coakley's 1992 conception of burnout explained as a social problem, Kahn's 1978 hypothesis that role conflict is positively correlated with stress and burnout, and Smith's 1986 hypothesis that personality factors such as self-confidence should be associated with cognitive appraisal of situational demands related to burnout.
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J.K. Simpson, Bonnie, and Scott K. Radford. "Situational variables and sustainability in multi-attribute decision-making." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 5/6 (May 6, 2014): 1046–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-04-2012-0219.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine whether consumers demonstrate a multi-dimensional understanding of sustainability in their decision-making and addresses the situational influence of confidence and compromise on sustainable product choices. Design/methodology/approach – Using three choice-based conjoint experiments the authors examined the importance of sustainability, compromise and confidence to consumers across two contexts. Two-step cluster analyses were used to segment consumers based on the importance scores. Findings – Data indicates that the environmental dimension of sustainability is the most influential followed by economic and social. The responses suggest three distinct segments identified as self-focused, trend motivated and reality driven that demonstrate significantly different characteristics in their approach to sustainable products. Research limitations/implications – Current research tends to focus on the environmental dimension, while paying little heed to the economic and social dimensions. This research indicates that consumers consider all three dimensions when making sustainable product choices and highlights that differences may emerge with respect to product utility. Practical implications – Firms must be aware that consumers differ in the importance they place on sustainability. The reality-driven segment is the most attractive segment, as they are highly engaged and are willing to invest time in understanding the complexities of sustainability. The trend-motivated segments are more fickle with superficial knowledge, and the self-focused segments are self-serving in their orientations and use price as a key decision variable. Originality/value – The paper addresses an important oversight in the sustainability literature. It provides both a theoretical contribution to advance marketing research and a practical contribution that may be of interest to those trying to market sustainable products.
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Ming, Jin-Lain, Hui-Mei Huang, Shiao-Pei Hung, Ching-I. Chang, Yueh-Shuang Hsu, Yuann-Meei Tzeng, Hsin-Yi Huang, and Teh-Fu Hsu. "Using Simulation Training to Promote Nurses’ Effective Handling of Workplace Violence: A Quasi-Experimental Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 3648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193648.
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Background: Workplace violence in the health care sector has become a growing global problem. Research has shown that although caregivers comprise a high-risk group exposed to workplace violence, most of them lacked the skills and countermeasures against workplace violence. Therefore, through a quasi-experimental design, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of situational simulation training on the nursing staffs’ concept and self-confidence in coping with workplace violence. Methods: Workplace violence simulation trainings were applied based on the systematic literature review and the conclusions from focus group interviews with nursing staff. Data were obtained from structured questionnaires including: (1) baseline characteristics; (2) perception of aggression scale (POAS); and (3) confidence in coping with patient aggression. Results: The results revealed that training course intervention significantly improved the nursing staffs’ self-perception and confidence against workplace violence (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The “simulation education on workplace violence training” as the intervention significantly improved the workplace violence perception and confidence among nursing staffs in coping with aggression events.
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Seago, Jean Ann, Sabrina T. Wong, Dennis Keane, and Kevin N. Grumbach. "Measuring Attributes of Success of College Students in Nursing Programs: A Psychometric Analysis." Journal of Nursing Measurement 16, no. 3 (December 2008): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.16.3.184.
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Because of the most recent nurse shortage it has become important to determine retention factors of nursing students in the context of various aspects of college nursing programs and institutional systems. The purpose of this article is to describe the psychometric properties of a new measure that could be useful in examining nursing student retention related to the educational institution characteristics, educational processes, and individual student characteristics. The measurement instrument was conceptually designed around 4 constructs and was administered to a test group and a validation group. The dispositional construct loaded differently for each group (test group: math and science ability, confidence in the future, and confidence in ability; validation group: math and science ability, confidence in the future, self-expectation, and confidence in ability). The situational construct factored on 4 subscales (financial issues, social support, missed classes, and work issues); the institutional construct on 4 factors (peer, overall experience, diversity, and faculty); the career values construct on 5 factors (job characteristics, autonomy, caring, flexibility, and work style). Based on the results of the factor analyses and alpha reliability, evidence supported using the dispositional subscales of math and science ability, the career values subscales of job characteristics and work style, the situational subscales of work issues and financial issues, and the institutional subscales of diversity and faculty. The other potential subscales need further refinement and testing.
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Alvarez-Aguirre, Alicia, María Magdalena Alonso-Castillo, and Ana Carolina Guidorizzi Zanetti. "Predictive factors of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, no. 6 (December 2014): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3570.2516.
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OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency on alcohol and tobacco consumption in adolescents.METHOD: a descriptive and correlational study was undertaken with 575 adolescents in 2010. The Self-Esteem Scale, the Situational Confidence Scale, the Assertiveness Questionnaire and the Resiliency Scale were used.RESULTS: the adjustment of the logistic regression model, considering age, sex, self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency, demonstrates significance in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Age, resiliency and assertiveness predict alcohol consumption in the lifetime and assertiveness predicts alcohol consumption in the last year. Similarly, age and sex predict tobacco consumption in the lifetime and age in the last year.CONCLUSION: this study can offer important information to plan nursing interventions involving adolescent alcohol and tobacco users.
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Levy, Linda S., Greg Gardner, Mary G. Barnum, K. Sean Willeford, Patrick Sexton, M. Susan Guyer, and A. Louise Fincher. "Situational Supervision for Athletic Training Clinical Education." Athletic Training Education Journal 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-4.1.19.
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Introduction: The medical education model provides the basis for athletic training students to learn theoretical and practical skills. Clinical rotations are completed where they apply what they have learned under the direct supervision of a clinical instructor (CI) or approved clinical instructor (ACI). Approved clinical instructors are taught how to evaluate athletic training students' clinical skills and proficiencies, yet are left to decide for themselves how students should be supervised. No formal supervision training is required for potential CIs/ACIs. Situational Supervision is one potential model that can be used by athletic training educators to provide guidance to CIs/ACIs regarding student supervision. This model provides a method for students to be supervised according to their knowledge base, experience and self-confidence. Objective: To present the Situational Supervision Model that can be used to develop athletic training students' clinical skills. Background: Based on Blanchard and Hersey's Situational Leadership, Situational Supervision provides CIs/ACIs with one supervision model that can be used in athletic training clinical education. Description: As students become more comfortable with clinical skills and mature in motivation and competence, CIs/ACIs need to adapt supervision styles to match the students' progressing development. Clinical Advantages: Using situational supervision, clinical instruction becomes a cooperative interaction between CIs/ACIs and athletic training students that is dependent on the students' needs and abilities, which may result in higher satisfaction and production for both the students and the CIs/ACIs.
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Carpentier, Joëlle, and Geneviève A. Mageau. "Predicting Sport Experience During Training: The Role of Change-Oriented Feedback in Athletes’ Motivation, Self-Confidence and Needs Satisfaction Fluctuations." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 38, no. 1 (February 2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2015-0210.
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Change-oriented feedback (COF) quality is predictive of between-athletes differences in their sport experience (Carpentier & Mageau, 2013). This study extends these findings by investigating how training-to-training variations in COF quality influence athletes’ training experience (within-athlete differences) while controlling for the impact of promotion-oriented feedback (POF). In total, 49 athletes completed a diary after 15 consecutive training sessions to assess COF and POF received during training, as well as situational outcomes. Multivariate multilevel analyses showed that, when controlling for covariates, COF quality during a specific training session is positively linked to athletes’ autonomous motivation, self-confidence and satisfaction of their psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness during the same session. In contrast, COF quantity is negatively linked to athletes’ need for competence. POF quality is a significant positive predictor of athletes’ self-confidence and needs for autonomy and competence. Contributions to the feedback and SDT literature, and for coaches’ training, are discussed.
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Betty Jeruto Tikoko. "An analysis of Situational Barriers Affecting Postgraduate Students in Private Universities in Kenya." Editon Consortium Journal of Educational Management and Leadership 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjeml.v2i1.216.
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This study investigated situational challenges affecting postgraduate students in a private university in Kenya. It was motivated by the low completion rates in postgraduate studies, with many students completing their studies far beyond the stipulated time period. While many obstacles may hinder postgraduate student progress in their studies, it was found necessary to investigate situational challenges that could hinder students’ progress. The study utilised a survey design. Using a sample of 20 postgraduate students, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Frequencies and percentages were the statistics used to make related findings and interpretation. It was found that students experienced work-related challenges, and distance to consult supervisors were the greatest challenges. However, students reported high self-confidence that they could complete their studies on time and possessed adequate proposal/thesis writing skills. It was therefore concluded that student counselling services be provided by the institution to adequately guide the students in balancing work and studies. Online supervisory platforms should also be provided to address the time that students took to travel to meet with their supervisors.
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Yuan, Denghua, Geng Cui, and Lei Lai. "Sorry seems to be the hardest word: consumer reactions to self-attributions by firms apologizing for a brand crisis." Journal of Consumer Marketing 33, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-02-2015-1306.
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Purpose When apologizing for a brand crisis, self-attribution by a business inevitably affects consumer attitude and behavior. The purpose of this study is to draw from the dissonance-attribution model and investigate the effect of self-attribution in apologies on consumers’ brand attitude. Design/methodology/approach This study includes two scenario-based experiments of 2 × 2 design. Findings In the first experiment on product failure, the results show that internal attribution generates significant change in brand attitude in a positive direction, while external attribution leads to negative change in brand attitude. Dispositional attribution leads to significantly more positive brand attitude than situational attribution. Internal/dispositional attribution produces significantly more positive effect on consumer attitude than the other three types of attribution. Moreover, perceived risk is found to mediate the relationship between attributions and brand attitude, and such mediating effect is moderated by consumers’ corporate associations. However, in the second experiment on moral crisis, the mediating and moderating effects are not significant. Practical implications Clearly, how a company apologizes for a product crisis makes a big difference in the effectiveness of recovery strategies to restore consumer confidence. Sincere apologies based on internal/dispositional attribution are more effective to re-gain the respect of consumers and win them back. Originality/value This study is the first to examine consumer reactions to self-attributions by marketers apologizing for a brand crisis and the combined effect of self-attributions along the horizontal dimension (internal versus external attribution) and the vertical dimension (dispositional versus situational attribution).
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Kjellin, A., L. Hedman, C. Escher, and L. Felländer-Tsai. "Hybrid simulation: bringing motivation to the art of teamwork training in the operating room." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 103, no. 4 (February 18, 2014): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496913516897.
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Background and Aims: Crew resource management–based operating room team training will be an evident part of future surgical training. Hybrid simulation in the operating room enables the opportunity for trainees to perform higher fidelity training of technical and non-technical skills in a realistic context. We focus on situational motivation and self-efficacy, two important factors for optimal learning in light of a prototype course for teams of residents in surgery and anesthesiology and nurses. Material and Methods: Authentic operating room teams consisting of residents in anesthesia (n = 2), anesthesia nurses (n = 3), residents in surgery (n = 2), and scrub nurses (n = 6) were, during a one-day course, exposed to four different scenarios. Their situational motivation was self-assessed (ranging from 1 = does not correspond at all to 7 = corresponds exactly) immediately after training, and their self-efficacy (graded from 1 to 7) before and after training. Training was performed in a mock-up operating theater equipped with a hybrid patient simulator (SimMan 3G; Laerdal) and a laparoscopic simulator (Lap Mentor Express; Simbionix). The functionality of the systematic hybrid procedure simulation scenario was evaluated by an exit questionnaire (graded from 1 = disagree entirely to 5 = agree completely). Results and Conclusions: The trainees were mostly intrinsically motivated, engaged for their own sake, and had a rather great degree of self-determination toward the training situation. Self-efficacy among the team members improved significantly from 4 to 6 (median). Overall evaluation showed very good result with a median grading of 5. We conclude that hybrid simulation is feasible and has the possibility to train an authentic operating team in order to improve individual motivation and confidence.
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Juárez, Fernando, and Francoise Contreras. "Psychometric properties of the general self-efficacy scale in a Colombian sample." International Journal of Psychological Research 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2008): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.907.
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The self-efficacy construct has been studied from two different viewpoints. Firstly, in a specific manner, as it was originally proposed and secondly, in a generalized way, defined as an optimistic self-belief of personal capability to cope efficiently and competently with a variety of situations. In order to measure this construct at the broadest level the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) was designed and adapted to Spanish in Costa Rica. This study aimed at validating the scale in a Colombian sample composed of college students. Participants were also administered the Situational Personality Questionnaire (named in Spanish as Cuestionario de Personalidad Situacional, CPS) and its factors have, theoretically speaking, a certain relationship with the studied construct. According to the results, the GSE showed a high internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha value of .83). Convergent and discriminant validity of this instrument were evaluated through the CPS and positive correlations were obtained with efficacy, confidence, self-concept and emotional stability while negative correlations were obtained with anxiety. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the unidimensional structure of the scale was validated.
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Salazar Garza, Martha Leticia, Ma de los Ángeles Vacio Muro, and Juan José Macías Rodríguez. "Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario Breve de Confianza Situacional en universitarios mexicanos que consumen alcohol." Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2019.2.04.
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Introduction: self-efficacy for the control of alcohol consumption is a relevant variable in addiction intervention programs. The Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire (CBCS) was developed for adult problem drinkers in Canada and subsequently included in intervention programs for adults and adolescents in Mexico. Although, the only data reported in our country has been its internal consistency index. Therefore, it was proposed to evaluate whether the questionnaire had similar psychometric characteristics, as previously reported with Canadian adults, with Mexican college students. Objective: obtain the validity and reliability of the CBCS with Mexican students. Method: 1,175 university volunteers, alcohol consumers in the last year and who reported two or more indicators for DSM 5 alcohol use disorder. The evaluation followed the standards for the development and review of instrumental studies. Results: the confirmatory factor analysis yielded a final model of a single dimension of four reagents: testing control over consumption, physical need, conflicts with others and pleasant moments with others, with an internal consistency index of .78. Discussion and conclusions: unlike what was found with adult problem drinkers, in this work a questionnaire composed of a single dimension was obtained, possibly due to the characteristics of the population, with an acceptable level of reliability. The questionnaire can be used in intervention programs or in studies that measure the situational self-efficacy for alcohol consumption in Mexican university students.
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Heinemann, Klaus. "Unemployment, Personality, and Involvement in Sport." Sociology of Sport Journal 2, no. 2 (June 1985): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2.2.157.
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This paper involves an investigation of the extent to which the leisure-time activities of individuals are tied to work and occupation. Primary attention is focused on how unemployment affects involvement in sport. An analysis of data collected in a 6-month study of 2,500 West German women leads to the conclusion that sports involvement is embedded in a social evaluation of work and leisure time. Sport involvement presupposes a specific personal and social identity, and is linked with a feeling of self-confidence to a specific body concept and time consciousness. What our ideas clarify is that the variability of personality disposition is shaped by situational factors; occupation and work, among other factors, are stabilizing influences. This stability can deteriorate among the unemployed if it is not secured by alternative roles. When stability deteriorates, sport involvement tends to decline.
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Cecchini, Jose A., Javier Fernandez-Rio, Antonio Mendez-Gimenez, and Beatriz Sanchez-Martinez. "Connections among physical activity, motivation, and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls." European Physical Education Review 26, no. 3 (August 2020): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x20902176.
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Adolescence can be a difficult period of life characterised, among many other things, by a significant increase in depressive symptoms among girls. Recent studies have suggested that sedentary habits and self-determined motivation can be associated with depressive symptoms. The main goal of the present study was to examine the associations between physical activity levels, sedentary behaviours, and self-determined motivation and depressive symptoms in girls during adolescence. A total of 714 adolescent girls (16.53 ± 1.01 years) agreed to participate in the study. They completed a questionnaire including the scale of depressive symptoms, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Situational Motivation Scale. Participants’ smoking habits and body mass index were also assessed. Results showed that those adolescents who performed physical activity of moderate (odds ratio (OR): 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31, 0.99) or high intensity level (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.21) had a significantly lower probability of suffering from depressive symptoms. Accordingly, the most sedentary group had a higher probability of suffering from depressive symptoms (OR: 4.90; 95% CI: 2.00, 11.54). Vigorous self-determined motivation was also a significant predictor of the lowest levels of depressive symptoms. In conclusion, results seemed to indicate that educators should promote the most self-determined types of motivation and physical activity habits in their students if they want to help prevent depressive symptoms.
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Park, Lora E., Cheryl L. Kondrak, Deborah E. Ward, and Lindsey Streamer. "Positive Feedback From Male Authority Figures Boosts Women’s Math Outcomes." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217741312.
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People often search for cues in the environment to determine whether or not they will be judged or treated negatively based on their social identities. Accordingly, feedback from gatekeepers—members of majority groups who hold authority and power in a field—may be an especially important cue for those at risk of experiencing social identity threat, such as women in math settings. Across a series of studies, women who received positive (“Good job!”) versus objective (score only) feedback from a male (vs. female) authority figure in math reported greater confidence; belonging; self-efficacy; more favorable Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) attitudes/identification/interest; and greater implicit identification with math. Men were affected only by the type of math feedback they received, not by the source of feedback. A meta-analysis across studies confirmed results. Together, these findings suggest that positive feedback from gatekeepers is an important situational cue that can improve the outcomes of negatively stereotyped groups.
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Hanton, Sheldon, and Graham Jones. "Antecedents of Intensity and Direction Dimensions of Competitive Anxiety as a Function of Skill." Psychological Reports 81, no. 3_suppl (December 1997): 1139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3f.1139.
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Described here is a follow-up and extension of the study reported by Hanton and Jones in 1995. Situational antecedents of both ‘intensity’ (level) and ‘direction’ (facilitative/debilitative) dimensions of precompetitive state anxiety in 97 elite and 114 nonelite competitive swimmers were examined. Antecedents were assessed via the modified swimming version of the PreRace Questionnaire, while cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence were measured via the modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 one hour before competition. Step-wise multiple regression analyses on the intensity scores indicated that cognitive anxiety in the elite group was significantly related to Perceived readiness (5.6%) and Internal environment (9.6%), while no predictors emerged in the nonelite group; scores on somatic anxiety correlated with those on Internal environment (9.4%) and Position goal (14.4%) in the elite group, and by Attitude towards previous performance (4.7%) and Internal environment (8.5%) in the nonelite group. Self-confidence was predicted by Perceived readiness in the elite group (30.3%) and the nonelite group (16.9%). In the case of the direction scores (facilitative/debilitative interpretations), no significant correlations of scores on cognitive anxiety or somatic anxiety emerged for the elite group; however, in the nonelite group the Coach influence factor predicted cognitive anxiety (4.5%) and somatic anxiety (4.9%). These findings show that common and unique antecedents of ‘intensity’ and ‘direction’ exist for swimmers as a function of their skill and also highlight the important role of the coach in the maintenance of facultative interpretations of anxiety by nonelite performers.
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Adamson, Peter, and David Sarcu. "Psychology of the Facelift Patient." Facial Plastic Surgery 33, no. 03 (June 2017): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598071.
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AbstractThis paper presents an extensive literature review of the psychology of facelift patients as it has evolved over the past 50 years. Earlier studies revealed significant levels of pre and perioperative depression. Facelift patients generally exhibit emotional and social concerns about facial appearance that are higher than the general population. Many are undergoing midlife situational stresses and may lack the positive characteristics to deal with them. The most common diagnoses seen include depression, impulsivity, unstable personality, and passive dependence, albeit not necessarily serious. Improvement in body image is the major driver for surgery. Characteristics of female patients as defined by their age are described. These include the younger emotionally dependent group, the worker group of middle age, and the older grief group. Male patients are seen to have a higher level of psychological dysfunction, but a higher improvement in postoperative quality of life. Motivations for surgery include increasing self-esteem, making new friends, improving relationships, and getting better jobs. Overall patient satisfaction is more than 95%, with improvement seen in positive changes in their life, increased self-confidence and self-esteem, decreased self-consciousness about their appearance, and overall improvement in quality of life. Postoperative psychological reactions are seen in about half the patients, these primarily being anxiety and depression of varying degrees. Predictors of patient satisfaction include the desire for self-image improvement in contradistinction to a change in life situation. Negative predictors include male sex, young age, unrealistic expectations, relationship disturbances, and preexisting psychological pathology. The importance of good patient selection in achieving a satisfied patient is outlined and emphasized.
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Amalia, Suci Nugrah, Abdul Asib, and Sri Marmanto. "Indonesian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate in the Instructional Context." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 4, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v4i2.167.
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The principal goal of L2 education is to enhance learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC). Hence, this survey study was undertaken with the purpose of exploring Indonesian EFL learners’ WTC especially in a classroom context or the so-called Instructional WTC (IWTC) in order to know the conditions triggering their willingness and unwillingness to communicate using L2. This survey applied descriptive quantitative method where 100 EFL learners from three State Universities in Indonesia were involved as the respondents. The respondents are the English students of IAIN Curup Bengkulu, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta and Universitas Musamus Merauke Papua. Those universities represent three of five major islands in Indonesia. A questionnaire was distributed to the respondents in order to explore their WTC in six IWTC components comprising communicative self-confidence, integrative orientation, situational context of L2 use, topical enticement, learning responsibility, and off-instruction communication. The findings revealed that group size, classroom environment, students’ cohesiveness, familiarity to the topic, degree of topic preparation, classroom seating arrangement, gender, self-awareness, and familiarity with interlocutors were the factors that affected learners’ WTC. Further studies are highly recommended to deeply explore the teaching activities done by teachers by considering the influential factors of learners’ willingness and unwillingness to communicate as an effort to maximize their WTC.
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Khraban, Tetiana. "IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION ON SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH THE PRISM OF DEFENSE MECHANISM “OVERCOMPENSATION”." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 43, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4308.
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The aim of the article is to study the identity construction in Ukrainian sector of Facebook social network through the prism of defense mechanism “overcompensation”. Psycholinguistic research methods, namely discourse analysis, the method of contextual and intuitive logical interpretation analysis are used in this empirical, inductive study. The study identified that the most desirable characteristics for an individual are hardline attitude, self-confidence, self-control, persistence, buoyancy, ambition for self-development and self-actualization, steadfastness, rebelliousness, adventurism, humanity, kindness. The Ukrainian social network users are strongly attracted by such gender roles as “real man” and “strong woman” as well as such situational social roles as “powerful man”, “rebel”, “learner”, “cynic”, “expert-adviser”, “nihilist”, “sage”, “leader”, “hedonist”. We argue that an individual who constructs his/her personal identity through the defense mechanism “overcompensation” has clearly demonstrated need for power, an individual is convinced of the moral righteousness of what he/she believes in. The need for power motivates an individual in quest for leadership. In this case, an individual is focused on charismatic leadership, that is, he/she positions himself/herself as a person who, by virtue of his/her personal abilities and qualities, is able to have a profound and extraordinary influence on the people around him/her. The preferable psychological types of leader are “hero leader”, “leader-standard”, “erudite leader”. The charismatic leadership is only an immanent orientation of consciousness toward a desired identity, no matter it is real or imagined, but this orientation certainly affects the real identity construction.
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Handyside, Barry, Helen Pocock, Charles D. Deakin, and Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller. "An EXploration of the facilitators and barriers to paramedics’ assessment and treatment of pain in PAediatric patients following Trauma (EX-PAT)." British Paramedic Journal 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29045/14784726.2021.9.6.2.10.
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Background: Pain is a common symptom among patients presenting to ambulance services and is often associated with traumatic injury. Assessment and management of pain in children in the pre-hospital setting is suboptimal. This study aimed to understand the facilitators and barriers experienced by paramedics in their assessment and management of pain in children who have sustained traumatic injuries.Methods: Face-to-face, audio-recorded semi-structured interviews using a piloted topic guide were conducted with paramedics employed by South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust. Interviews were professionally transcribed, coded manually and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Eleven interviews were conducted; three themes related to assessment and three related to management were identified. Previous positive experiences of utilising pain scoring tools were identified as a facilitator to pain assessment, whereas a lack of confidence in using pain scoring tools was a barrier. Patients’ understanding of and compliance with the tools were both a facilitator and a barrier to assessment. Facilitators to management included personal sub-themes of colleagues/others, exposure, being a parent, technology, severity of the injury and subjective pain scoring. Organisational facilitators included medicines, routes, and alternative methods. Situational facilitators included patient-specific solutions and parents. Five personal barriers to management included medicines, skill, consequences to self or patient, negative interactions, and limited exposure. Three organisational barriers included medicines and routes, equipment issues and choices, and training and culture. Within the theme of situation, two sub-themes emerged: patient-specific issues and environment-specific issues. Novel facilitators to emerge were those of alternative methods and being a parent.Conclusion: A multitude of factors incorporating situational, organisational, and personal all combine to determine how paramedics treat paediatric trauma patients. A multi-stakeholder approach to providing clearer assessment tools, improved education, equipment, and pharmacy options may improve assessment and management compliance for the benefit of the patient.
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Verlhiac, Jean-François. "Non diagnostic information and the effects of context evaluation in the moderation of False Consensus 1The author expresses his appreciation to Stephan Kraitsowits and anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of this article." Swiss Journal of Psychology 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1421-0185.58.1.12.
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The hypothesis that non-diagnostic information about consensus may reduce False Consensus (FC) was tested in a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design. Eighty nine participants were told that they were to be assessed on their judgement expertise in impression formation. First, half of the participants were led to believe that, during a vigilance task they had performed, they had been exposed to consensus information about the opinion of their peers towards a specific target person. The other half received no information. Subjects had then to complete two questionnaires. An attitude questionnaire assessed subjects' attitude towards the target (favourable or not favourable), deduced from their predictions of the target's answers. In a consensus questionnaire the subjects had to make percentage estimates. The order for completing the two questionnaires was counterbalanced. Finally, subjects were asked to indicate their personal confidence as to their consensus estimates. Results provided direct evidence for a decrease in FC when subjects were informed about their exposure to consensus information, and an increase in FC when they were not informed. Decrease in FC is linked to situational characteristics which cause subjects to question the reliability of their estimates and to take into account data that are not solely related to the self.
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Volynets, N. "Professional focus of psychological well-being of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 28, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.4.28.
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In the article the results of an empirical research of the professional focus of psychological well-being of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are represented. The author's position on the content of the phenomenon of psychological well-being of the border guards is to study it as a holistic global subjective reflexive experiencing of the border guards of the positivity and significance of their own «I-existence» as a whole and through the prism of their life in the environment of professional activity, representing an integrated assessment of professional life, positive affections in relation to the work performed, the organizational environment and, consequently, life in general, and, secondly, as a subjective experiencing-living of situational experience in the context of professional activity as a harmonious combination of efforts to accomplish work, achieved goals and profits (rewards, recognition, prospects, etc.). The peculiarities of manifestation of indicators of professional focus of psychological well-being, which promote the growth of psychological well-being of border guards (professional self-acceptance, satisfaction professional achievements, professional development, availability of professional goals, satisfaction level of competence, positive relations in the community, autonomy in professional work, professional growth, subjective assessment and experience of professional demand, the attitude of other people (colleagues, leadership, etc.), self-assessment, self-rating of personal growth, professional credibility, evaluation of professional activities, serving as an opportunity to further the work of the ideals and values self-efficacy, belonging to a professional community satisfaction with the implementation of professional capacity, professional competence, self in the profession, self-esteem, a conscious choice of challenges and their solving and overcoming obstacles for the sake of victory, stability in work, self-confidence, self-affirmation, orientation towards the integration of the efforts of oneself and others people and responsible for the final result of professional identity and the needs for recognition and self-improvement) and indicators that reduce to lower psychological well-being of border guards (self-abasement, internal conflict as an objective professional self-attitude inconsistency professional requirements and individual capabilities and resources of border guards, self-prosecution, stability of residence, the need for social contacts as a desire to work in a team, to communicate with a lot of people, belief and close ties with colleagues) are ascertained.
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Wang, Yu-Yin, Tung-Ching Lin, and Crystal Han-Huei Tsay. "Encouraging IS developers to learn business skills: an examination of the MARS model." Information Technology & People 29, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 381–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-02-2014-0044.
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Purpose – Though prior research has recognized business skills as one of the keys to successful information system development, few studies have investigated the determinants of an IS developer’s behavioral intention to learn such skills. Based on the motivation-ability-role perception-situational factors (i.e. the MARS model), the purpose of this paper is to argue that the intention of IS developers to acquire business skills is influenced by learning motivation (M), learning self-efficacy (A), change agent role perception (R), and situational support (S). Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from 254 IS developers are analyzed using the partial least squares technique. Findings – Results show that a developer’s intention to learn business skills is positively influenced by intrinsic learning motivation and both absolute and relative learning self-efficacy. Furthermore, in comparison to two other change agent roles, the advocate role leads to a significantly higher level of learning intention. Finally, work and non-work support positively influence both extrinsic and intrinsic learning motivation. Notably, non-work support has a greater impact on both absolute and relative learning self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications – Though many of the proposed hypotheses were supported, results showed several interesting and unexpected findings. First, regarding the change agent role perception, people who perceived themselves as advocates displayed a higher level of intention to learn business skills than did those who identified with the other two roles (i.e. traditionalist and facilitator). Second, when compared to extrinsic learning motivation, intrinsic learning motivation contributed more to the intention to learn business skills. Third, the study contributes to the literature by finding that, in terms of direction and magnitude, the two types of self-efficacy have similar influence on an IS developer’s behavioral intention to learn business skills. Finally, work support was found to have a positive impact on both extrinsic and intrinsic learning motivation. However, it was interesting to note that work support did not lead to significantly higher levels of relative and absolute learning self-efficacy. Practical implications – The findings of this study provide several critical implications for practitioners seeking to encourage IS developers to learn b-skills. First, organizations should strongly encourage IS developers to take on the advocate role in ISD projects, and urge them to acquire business skills through formal education and on-the-job training. Second, organizations should also help IS developers understand how learning business skills is important for their future work and potential self-growth, rather than focusing solely on extrinsic benefits such as promotion or remuneration. Third, organizations can also make use of the strategies to enhance IS developer’s learning self-confidence and beliefs, which will, in turn, increase their intention to learn business skills. Finally, support from others is influential in the formulation of positive work attitudes and behaviors, so organizations will benefit when employees are well supported. Originality/value – While prior research has emphasized the importance of business skill possession for IS developers during the system development process, few studies have explored the factors affecting an IS developer’s behavioral intention to learn those business skills. This study intends to bridge this gap by investigating factors that drive IS developers’ intention to learn business skills. The findings of this study are useful to researchers in the development and testing theories related to IS developer learning behavior, and to practitioners to facilitate business skill learning for their IS development staff.
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K., Rohisha I., Andrade M., and Nayak B. S. "Behaviour specific cognition and affect for performing exercise among institutionalized elderly." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 07, no. 01 (March 2017): 012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708688.
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AbstractExercise is proved to have physical, psychological, and social benefit on health. This study explores the perceptions of the elderly for performing exercise. The study aimed to enhance the quality of life of the institutionalized elderly. The outcome of the study can be utilized to plan and implement effective intervention to promote health of the elderly population. The objective of the study is to describe the behaviour specific cognition and affect (factors) for performing exercise among institutionalized elderly. The conceptual framework for the study is based on Pender's Health Promotion Model. The study was conducted in selected old age homes of Udupi and South Canara district (n=29). Tool to assess the behaviour specific cognition and affect for the performance of exercise in old age was prepared by the researcher which include 33 items and was administered by self rated questionnaire. The analysis of the findings was done using descriptive statistics; frequency and percentage. Each item of the tool was analyzed separately using frequency and percentage. Majority of the participants found perceived benefit as it will improve mental health (93.1%) and will reduce stress (86.2%) and perceived barrier as difficulty to perform in old age (69%) and lack of information (55.2%). Perceived self-efficacy for performing exercise was feeling confidence (79.3%), and self-worthy (82.8%) to perform exercise. Activity related effect for performing exercise was that performing exercise will not make them sad. Motivation by the care givers (93.1%) to perform exercise, lack of awareness of the benefits of exercise from media (65.5%) were the interpersonal influences. Considering the situational influences 86.2% subjects felt the lack of facilities to perform exercise, 28 (96.6%) subjects felt there was no supervisor or trainer for exercise. The study explored various perceptions of elderly on performing exercise. Based on the factors health professionals and caregivers can plan and modify the interventions. This will help the nurse to promote independence and sense of achievement among the elderly and these measures help the elderly in preserving and promoting function rather than contributing to a decline in their status.
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Gillespie, Brigid M., Emma Harbeck, Evelyn Kang, Catherine Steel, Nicole Fairweather, and Wendy Chaboyer. "Changes in surgical team performance and safety climate attitudes following expansion of perioperative services: a repeated-measures study." Australian Health Review 42, no. 6 (2018): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17079.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to describe process changes in surgical team performance and team members’ attitudes to safety culture following hospital relocation and expansion of perioperative services. Methods The study was a naturalistic study using structured observations and surveys to assess non-technical skills (NTS; i.e. communication, teamwork, situational awareness, decision making and leadership) in surgery. This interrupted time series design used mixed-linear regression models to examine the effect of phase (before and after hospital relocation) on surgical teams’ NTS and their processes that may affect performance. Differences in self-reported teamwork and safety climate attitudes were also examined. Results In all, 186 procedures (100 before and 81 after hospital relocation) were observed across teams working in general, paediatric, orthopaedic and thoracic surgeries. Interobserver agreement ranged from 86% to 95%. An effect of phase was found, indicating that there were significant improvements after relocation in the use of NTS by the teams observed (P=0.020; 95% confidence interval 1.9–4.7). Conclusions The improvements seen in surgical teams’ NTS performance and safety culture attitudes may be related to the move to a new state-of-the-art perioperative department. What is known about the topic? Patient safety in surgery relies on optimal team performance, underpinned by effective NTS. What does this paper add? The NTS of surgical teams may be improved through ergonomic innovations that promote teams’ shared mental models. What are the implications for practitioners? Effective multidisciplinary teamwork relies on a combination of NTS and ergonomic factors, which inherently contribute to team performance and safety climate attitudes.
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Timakova, Yuliia, and Volodymyr Koehn. "The problem of stage anxiety in training Students of Pedagogical Universities in performing activities." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, no. 3 (128) (October 31, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2019-3-7.
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The article is devoted to the problem of stage anxiety of future Music teachers during public performance of their repertoire. The purpose of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of stage anxiety, its destructive and constructive manifestation in the process of mastering students’ performing skills. The objectives of the study are to analyse the factors that lead to excessive stage education and to substantiate methods of overcoming its destructive impact in the educational process. The specific manifestation of excessive excitement in typical activities of future Music teachers and higher school teachers in situations of public performance has been considered. The varieties of stage anxiety – destructive and constructive – have been determined. The destructive anxiety is manifested in increased anxiety, nervousness of performers, which leads to disorder of the developed conditioned reflexes, coordination of performance movements, loss of self-control, and it significantly worsens the results demonstrated by them. It is emphasized that repetition of the designated disruptions leads to a “stage barrier” and can transform into student’s non-compliance with professional requirements. The constructive anxiety has a positive effect on the performer’s psychological state by increasing concentration of his / her attention and achieving an elevated state and inspiration while performing. The factors of subjective and personal, situational and objective nature that influence the performer’s state have been identified. The first include person’s individual-typological properties: type of the nervous system, temperament, communicative orientation, special and general abilities, in particular – the development of musical memory, musical thinking, internal auditory ideas. The factors of the second kind include the effectiveness of the formative methodology aimed at strengthening and automatizing technical and performing skills, stimulating students to achieve communicative-suggestive influence in performing, providing students with favourable psychological climate, strengthening their self-confidence, correlating the complexity of the repertoire with the real (cap)abilities of the performer. The methods of overcoming the destructive stage anxiety have been presented; these methods include: trainings, psychological exercises, role-playing games for improving the skills of emotional-volitional self-regulation, imagining a situation and a process of public performing, acquainting students with psychological and pedagogical literature, creating success situations. Keywords: varieties of stage anxiety; Music Arts teacher; higher school teacher; factors and methods of overcoming stage anxiety.
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Reidy, Claire, Claire Foster, and Anne Rogers. "A Facilitated Web-Based Self-Management Tool for People With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Insulin Pump: Intervention Development Using the Behavior Change Wheel and Theoretical Domains Framework." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): e13980. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13980.
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Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intensive self-management (SM). An insulin pump is designed to better support personal T1D management, but at the same time, it exacerbates the complexity and requirements of SM. Research shows that people with diabetes are likely to benefit from navigating and connecting to local means of social support and resources through web-based interventions that offer flexible, innovative, and accessible SM. However, questions remain as to which behavior change mechanisms within such resources benefit patients most and how to foster engagement with and endorsement of SM interventions. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the perspectives and experiences of people with T1D using an insulin pump and specialist health care professionals (HCPs) and determine what behavior change characteristics and strategies are required to inform the optimization of an existing web-based social network (SN) intervention to support SM. Methods Focus groups with insulin pump users (n=19) and specialist HCPs (n=20) in 6 National Health Service (NHS) trusts across the south of England examined the barriers and enablers to incorporating and self-managing an insulin pump. An analysis was undertaken using the Behavior Change Wheel and Theoretical Domains Framework, followed by a taxonomy of behavior change techniques (BCTs) to identify the contents of and strategies for the implementation of a complex health intervention. Results A total of 4 themes represent the SM perspectives and experiences of stakeholders: (1) a desire for access to tailored and appropriate resources and information—the support and information required for successful SM are situational and contextual, and these vary according to time and life circumstances, and therefore, these need to be tailored and appropriate; (2) specific social support preferences—taking away isolation as well as providing shared learnings and practical tips, but limitations included the fear of judgment from others and self-pity from peers; (3) the environmental context, that is, capacity and knowledge of pump clinic HCPs—HCPs acknowledge the patient’s need for holistic support but lack confidence in providing it; and (4) professional responsibility and associated risks and dangers, whereas HCPs are fearful of the consequences of promoting non-NHS SM support, and they question whether SM support fits into their role. BCTs were identified to address these issues. Conclusions The use of behavioral theory and a validated implementation framework provided a comprehensive approach for systematically identifying barriers and enablers of self-managing T1D with an insulin pump. A web-based SN intervention appears to offer additional forms of SM support while complementing NHS services. However, for intervention implementation, HCPs’ apprehensions about responsibility when signposting to non-NHS SM support would need to be addressed, and opportunistic features would need to be added, through which pump users could actively engage with other people living with T1D.
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Hulias, Inesa. "The concept of axiological design of personality’s life achievements." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 4, no. 82 (December 1, 2020): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2020.04.070.
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The study substantiates the concept of axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual using the principle of integral subjectivity and methods of factor-analytical approach to empirical research. The results of a comprehensive study of the axiopsychological design of the life of the individual is represented through the idea of the individual as an integral subject of possible spiritual, moral and other transformations and material incarnations of man. Emphasis is placed on the study of the factors of this phenomenon in adulthood – early, middle and late; gender, age and chosen profession. The origins of the study of the problem of axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual are reflected through the prism of leading philosophical trends – phenomenological, existential and philosophical-anthropological, based on the understanding of man as an open being who constantly defines himself – projects. The key axiopsychological correlates of philosophical issues are intentionality, choice, worldview, meaning of life, values and value orientations, success in life, happiness, etc., which give grounds to claim that the individual as a subject is capable of self-determination and self-transcendence, self-determination. To highlight the system of criteria and indicators of axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual, a theoretical analysis of interdisciplinary studies of the studied phenomenon was carried out. It is noted that such “criteria” are: meaningful life orientation to self-realization, focus on self-development and self-improvement, integrity and harmony of multifaceted human existence, which are expressed in adequate self-assessment of personal potential and level of aspirations, satisfaction with the level of realization vital activity; creative nature of activity, independence and autonomy; reflexive self-regulation, which is based on the internal locus of control; high level of tolerance to uncertainty, flexibility in the organization of life. The author’s theoretical model presents axiopsychological projection of life achievements of a person as a two-way synergistic process of value-target advancement (anticipation) of states and statuses (achievements) desired for a certain person and their subject-resource provision with relevant competencies relevant to specific life situations. This made it possible to connect the temporal-teleological and causal-subjective (topical) aspects of the integral process of personality realization with a triangulation arc. It is specified that the first aspect represents freedom of will as an inherent property of homo sapiens to more or less independently determine their life priorities (value-semantic sphere), the second – represents biologically conditioned and acquired in the course of socialization (including through education, upbringing, education in general) knowledge, skills, abilities to embody personal choices as the results of value self-determination (from solving situational problems on their meaning to making fateful decisions on the further trajectory of personal movement-progress) into viable projects. It is emphasized that without the mutual correspondence of “want” and “can”, terminal and instrumental, the final product of this synergy cannot be synthesized – “I will” or “I will happen” under the condition of appropriate self-organization and emotional-volitional mobilization. It is found that the first aspect of axiopsychological design is subject to the principle of nonlinear teleological determinism, the second – causal determinism, the coordinated action of which constructs the phenomenon of axiopsychological design of personality. To build an applied model of empirical research, which is derived from theoretical, substantiated and implemented the principle of systematization in the form of a holarchy of subordinate levels of integral subjectivity, through the prism of which a person is considered as a whole person. Each of the five levels of integral subjectivity is revealed, which are marked by the corresponding personal traits – value-target dispositions and instrumental-subjective abilities, the synergistic effect of which determines a high probability of achieving success in life: at the level of relative subject (psychosomatic individual) – a sense of subjective well-being (happiness), at the level of the monosubject (actually the subject of individual subject activity) – style of self-regulation, a sense of self-efficacy, motivation for achievement; at the level of the polysubject (social individual) – coping behavior strategies, perfectionist guidelines; at the level of metasubject (creative individuality) – the structure of value orientations, causometric indicators of life; at the level of the absolute subject (universal person) – spiritual aspirations, the target orientation of the individual. The empirical study explains the factor structure of the axiopsychological projection of the life achievements of people in early adulthood, which made it possible to identify the nine leading determinants of this process. It is established that the most important in their composition are the contradictory combination of the disposition of self-efficacy and resistance to self-improvement, the combination of assertiveness with weak motivation for self-education and self-development. The influence of the gender factor on the axiopsychological projection of life achievements of the person in early adulthood is revealed. It is noted that in women this process is motivated by the disposition of self-efficacy and perfectionist guidelines, and in men – by the traits of masculinity and the desire to overcome obstacles. Peculiarities of axiopsychological design of life achievements of persons at the stage of professional training of specialists of different specialties are established. The main parameters of this process in engineering students are determined – the features of male gender and the disposition of self-efficacy; It was found that the common features of both sexes are the disposition of self-efficacy of the masculine type, and the differences – insecurity and hope for happiness in women and the opposite disposition – self-confidence and self-confidence in men. Instead, in future economists, the process of axiopsychological design of life is determined by the subjective ability to self-regulation, persistence in overcoming obstacles; It is established that gender differences in the construction of the studied phenomenon in future economists relate to the balanced influence of internal and external determinants of success in women and orientation to social recognition in men, although the disposition of self-efficacy is evenly expressed in both subsets of the studied contingent. It was found that future teachers of early adulthood rely primarily on themselves (a sense of self-efficacy, the ability to self-regulate); in middle adulthood for teachers the priority is effective self-realization, assertiveness, developed self-regulation; and in late adulthood the confidence in successful self-realization and productivity of own way of life prevails. Significant differences between the determinants of axiopsychological design of life achievements of teachers according to the criteria of age and gender (based on the results of one-way analysis of variance). It is proved that the chosen specialty does not significantly affect the course of this process. In terms of significant gender differences, it was found that female respondents outnumber men in need of entertainment and recreation, values of love and recognition, the use of emotional coping and coping “social distraction”, androgynous traits, they are more likely to experience ambivalent feelings, follow traditional patterns, more conformal and focused on support in order to maintain mental balance. In contrast, male respondents prioritize health values, focus on competitiveness as comparative self-efficacy, strategic thinking, motivation to achieve, modeling and programming future events. According to the identified leading factors and the results of analysis of variance, a natural increase in the role of instrumental-subjective abilities in the axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual from middle to late adulthood; the tendency of men to dominate the instrumental-subjective abilities in the construction of this phenomenon and the predominance in women of the value-target vector of projecting their life over the instrumental-subjective. Methodical recommendations to psychologists, teachers, mentors of academic groups on the development of axiopsychological design of life achievements of students in higher education institutions are formulated; heads of general secondary education institutions, heads of education management bodies, institutions of training, retraining and advanced training of pedagogical staff – teachers of primary education.
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Atherton, Stephanie, Angus Antley, Nicole Evans, Emma Cernis, Rachel Lister, Graham Dunn, Mel Slater, and Daniel Freeman. "Self-Confidence and Paranoia: An Experimental Study Using an Immersive Virtual Reality Social Situation." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 1 (November 11, 2014): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465814000496.
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Background: Paranoia may build directly upon negative thoughts about the self. There have been few direct experimental tests of this hypothesis. Aims: The aim of the study was to test the immediate effects of manipulating self-esteem in individuals vulnerable to paranoia. Method: A two condition cross-over experimental test was conducted. The participants were 26 males reporting paranoid ideation in the past month. Each participant experienced a neutral immersive virtual reality (VR) social environment twice. Before VR participants received a low self-confidence manipulation or a high self-confidence manipulation. The order of manipulation type was randomized. Paranoia about the VR avatars was assessed. Results: The low self-confidence manipulation, relative to the high self-confidence manipulation, led to significantly more negative social comparison in virtual reality and higher levels of paranoia. Conclusions: Level of self-confidence affects the occurrence of paranoia in vulnerable individuals. The clinical implication is that interventions designed to improve self-confidence may reduce persecutory ideation.
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Timkin, Yuri N. "The Smell of Factionalism: Left Opposition in the Vyatka Provincial Organization of the Bolshevik Party in 1923-1924." RUDN Journal of Russian History 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-1-108-124.
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The activity of the Vyatka left opposition that arose during the internal party discussion in the fall of 1923 and the spring of 1924 is studied. The work is based on archival documents from the Central State Archive of Kirov Region, as well as on materials from the Vyatka Pravda party newspaper. The platform of the local opposition opposed the formation of factions but insisted on clarifying what factionalism is supposed to mean. The Left Opposition united the party community of the provincial city and adjacent working areas. Most party members initially expressed full confidence in the partys Central Committee. An analysis of archival material shows that the Vyatka opposition tried to establish a broad discussion of problems in internal party life. In the provincial center there was a party discussion club that organized heated discussions. The focus on clarifying the concepts of factions and groups reflected the desire of opposition supporters to avoid being accused of betraying the party and the cause of the revolution. Remarkably, until early January 1924 the left opposition had absolute support among party members in Vyatka. The article analyzes the Central Committees suppression of the local opposition in January - February 1924, and in particular the skillful techniques of Aron Solts and his supporters. At the final stage of the struggle, a group of conciliators arose among the members of the opposition, and contributed to the victory of the Central Committee line. The article clarifies reasons and circumstances of the defeat of the opposition, none of whose representatives openly stood in opposition to the majority of the Central Committee or called on ordinary members to protest. The authors demonstrate that the local left opposition was a situational unification of diverse forces, dissatisfied with the bureaucratization of the party, the growing dictatorship of the Central Committee, the newcomers, as well as the dominance of appointees from the Party and the Soviets. During the discussion in the organizations of the Party, the need for developing internal party democracy and a free discussion of the problems emerged, showing that there was a potential alternative to Stalinism. The main feature of the left opposition was that it formed and temporarily won the predominantly non-proletarian Vyatka, where before the 1917 revolution the zemstvo and city democratic self-government has gained roots; this is interpreted as a preservation of the demand for freedom and democracy in local society.
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Zappalà, Salvatore. "Perspective Taking in Workplaces." Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration 19, no. 1-2 (July 17, 2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10241-012-0007-5.
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Abstract Workplaces are often described as places in which individuals are motivated by their self-interests and in which negative events like time pressure, anxiety, conflict with co-workers, miscomprehensions, difficulties in solving problems, not-transmitted or not-exchanged information that lead to mistakes, and in some cases to injuries, stress or control, are part of everyday life (Dormann & Zapf, 2002; Schabracq, Winnubst and Cooper, 2003). Such situations are often the result of the limited comprehension of needs, skills, or information available to colleagues, supervisors, subordinates, clients or providers. However, workplaces are also places in which employees take care of clients, support colleagues and subordinates (Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002), are enthusiastic about their job (Bakker et al., 2008), are motivated by leaders that encourage employees to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or the organization and provide them with the confidence to perform beyond expectations (Bass, 1997). Thus positive relationships at work are becoming a new interdisciplinary domain of inquiry (Dutton & Ragins, 2006). Within this positive relationships framework, in this paper we focus on a positive component of workplaces, and particularly on an individual cognitive and emotional process that has an important role in the workplace because it facilitates interpersonal relations and communications: it is the perspective taking process. In order to describe perspective taking, we will refer to some empirical studies and particularly to the review published by Parker, Atkins and Axtell in 2008 on the International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Perspective taking is a well established psychological construct, investigated both in the field of human development, as an important component of reasoning and moral development, and also in social and clinical psychology, where it is considered a component of social behaviors and of the therapeutic process (Parker & Axtell, 2001). It has also been conceptualized in different ways. Duan and Hill (1996) describe three approaches to explain reasons for perspective taking behavior: a dispositional approach, that considers empathy as a relatively stable trait or a general ability; a cognitive-affective experience influenced by situational conditions; and finally as a multiphased experiential process. However, although in modern organizations working cooperatively and taking into account customers’ needs and experiences are becoming even more important (Schneider, White, and Paul, 1998; West, Tjosvold and Smith, 2003), very few studies have considered perspective taking process within organizations (Parker & Axtell, 2001). This is interesting because taking into account the perspective of others may contribute to more collaborative workplaces, where it is pleasant to work, as also enlighted in the title of the Parker, Atkins and Axtell’s (2008) paper: “Building better workplaces” is one of the possible outcomes of perspective taking. This paper aims to make available to a large audience such studies and, in relation to the topic of the conference organized by “Psychology and Communion”, consider connections between this concept and ideas and writings by Chiara Lubich.
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Chusmir, Leonard H., Christine S. Koberg, and Mary D. Stecher. "Self-confidence of managers in work and social situations: A look at gender differences." Sex Roles 26, no. 11-12 (June 1992): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289871.
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Ward, Price S., Daphna Barbeau, and Nora Colman. "A Curriculum for Simulation in Pediatric Emergency Situations: Improving Pediatric Residents Skills and Self Confidence." Academic Pediatrics 16, no. 6 (August 2016): e52-e53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.05.134.
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E.V., Ovcharova, and Polina A.V. "RESILIENCE AND TRUST AS THE BASIS FOR OVERCOMING A DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION FOR TEENAGERS." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 22, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2020-22-9-8-12.
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The article deals with the problem of resilience and the study of its relationship with trust in adolescents who find themselves in a difficult life situation. Based on the theoretical analysis, it is revealed that resilience and trust in yourself and others are the most important intrapersonal resources that help teenagers overcome difficult circumstances and build their own life strategy. The paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying a direct / feedback relationship between resilience and trust in adolescents who find themselves in difficult life situations. The correlation between self-confidence and others ' trust and resilience components (engagement, control, and risk-taking) was revealed. It is established that the resilience of adolescents in difficult life situations is positively associated with self-confidence in the intellectual and professional sphere, and increases due to the strategy of involvement and control. The interest and passion of a teenager in intellectual and professional activities, getting satisfaction from the result, has a positive impact on the development of their resilience and self-confidence. However, there is a negative relationship between the resilience of adolescents and trust in others, which is due to insufficient emotional experience with loved ones. A strong correlation between the level of self-confidence and the resilience component "control" has shown that such teenagers tend to feel in control of what is happening, they choose active activities and struggle, which helps them cope with stress. At the same time, the higher the level of risk acceptance among teenagers as a component of resilience, the more difficult it is for them to trust themselves in establishing relationships with relatives and friends, in solving everyday problems and in organizing leisure and recreation, which negatively affects their internal state in the form of tension, anxiety and discomfort.
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Hughes, Patricia Paulsen, David Marshall, and Claudine Sherrill. "Multidimensional Analysis of Fear and Confidence of University Women Relating to Crimes and Dangerous Situations." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238539.
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Fear-of-crime research, although plentiful, has been plagued by criticism that it often focuses on generalized, global measures of fear instead of specific instances that elicit an emotional response of fear. Much of the criticism is justified. Little is known about women’s perceptions of confidence in managing dangerous situations or crimes, or if confidence is correlated strongly with fear. College women (n = 564) completed the Perceptions of Dangerous Situations Scale, a survey instrument validated for college women, consisting of 34 crimes and dangerous situations. Women rated each situation with regard to their fear of and their confidence to manage selected situations. Ratings were subjected to multidimensional scaling, producing two dimensions that were interpreted as Personal Threat and Intimacy. Cluster analysis produced eight interpretable clusters for fear and eight for confidence. Implications for self-defense curricula and rape prevention training are discussed.
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Goldberg, Carlos. "Agoraphobia: Contributing Factors, Phobic Situations, and Exposure in Vivo." Psychological Reports 59, no. 1 (August 1986): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.1.143.
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Contributing factors such as fear of fear, stress, and dependency needs were discussed, and it was suggested that several diagnostic groups should be compared to determine which factors might be specific to agoraphobia. A two-factor theory and preparedness hypothesis were evaluated, and it was concluded that cognitive processes must be considered for a fuller understanding of the onset of agoraphobia. It was argued that the effectiveness of exposure in vivo is based on three essential components, viz., development of self-confidence, acceptance of anxiety, and acquisition of coping skills.
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Hall, Evelyn G. "The effect of performer gender, performer skill level, and opponent gender on self-confidence in a competitive situation." Sex Roles 23, no. 1-2 (July 1990): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289877.
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Chairungruang, Saifon. "Owner Situationally Specific Motivation, And Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study of New Zealand Entrepreneurs." DeReMa (Development Research of Management): Jurnal Manajemen 11, no. 1 (June 3, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/derema.v11i1.190.
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<p>Despite the extensive developments in entrepreneurship theory over recent decades, there is a lack of empirical studies examining the influence of owner situationally specific motivation on firm performance focusing on small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in New Zealand. The present study attempts to bridge this gap. At the same time, it responds to calls to extend performance measures to include non-financial outcomes by using organisational citizenship behaviours – OCB – as a performance measure. This is based on the observation that OCBs are consistently presented in the literature as a cornerstone of good performance and competitive advantage. The study uses mixed methods, combining surveys and semi-structured interviews. Multiple regression is used to analyse data on entrepreneurial situationally specific motivation (i.e. communicated vision, self-efficacy, and goals) provided by a sample of 107 firms. In addition, 107 pairs, each comprising an owner-manager plus a random employee from the same firm, also supplied data on organisational citizenship behaviours. Finally, nine qualitative interviews were conducted with owners to further enhance understanding. The study highlights the statistical significance of the positive relationship of entrepreneurial situationally specific motivation and OCB. This finding suggests that owners who have confidence in their abilities [self-efficacy] and who have communicated their vision [communicated vision] are more likely to encourage in their employees the behaviours that are required in order to function well in their organisations. The implications of this finding for potential future research are discussed.</p>
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Iyama, Keita, Yoshinori Takano, Tsukasa Takahashi, and Arifumi Hasegawa. "Factors associated with the intention to participate in activities during a nuclear disaster situation among firefighters." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 6 (August 7, 2020): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rraa061.
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Abstract Willingness to participate in activities during a nuclear disaster situation among firefighters is low. Thus, we aimed to identify the factors affecting the intention to participate in nuclear disaster activities. A questionnaire survey was conducted among firefighter training students (n = 186) and firefighters (n = 410), and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the intention to participate in nuclear disaster activities. The percentage of students and firefighters who were willing to participate in nuclear disaster activities was 70.4% (n = 131) and 56.3% (n = 231) (P < 0.01), respectively. The factors affecting the students’ intention to participant were “wish to learn more information about radiation” and “firefighters should actively work in a nuclear disaster.” Meanwhile, the factors affecting the firefighters’ intention to work were “have self-confidence during nuclear disaster activities,” “participate if there is an incentive,” “unable to get a family member to understand the need to participate in a nuclear disaster activity,” and marital status. A student’s decision might be strongly connected to social norms about participating in nuclear disaster activities. The willingness to participate in nuclear disaster activities among firefighters might be improved by facilitating activities that can build their self-confidence, providing sufficient incentives, and helping their families understand their work. Therefore, not only direct education for responders but also educational activities for the general public and their families are essential.