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Overend, David, Jamie Lorimer, and Danielle Schreve. "The bones beneath the streets: drifting through London’s Quaternary." cultural geographies 27, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474019886828.
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This article reflects on a Situationist dérive in Central London, which mobilised a creative engagement with the city’s Quaternary history (the last 2.6 million years). The aim was to animate paleoecological knowledge in the resistant, opaque and frenetic environment of a dense urban centre. This brief excursion into an alternative London is offered as a model for contemporary drifting that stretches out beyond our immediate situation to connect to successive geological and biological strata, reframing experiences of the urban environment through shifting scales and chronologies. The Situationists had declared ‘sous les pavés, la plage!’ (under the paving stones, there is a beach!), evoking the playful space of possibility behind the veneer of the city’s systems and structures. This drift aimed to search even deeper, encountering spectral inhabitations revealed by the bones beneath the streets. The article argues that uncovering these hidden ecologies has the potential to counter the urban prevalence of spectacular representations of wildlife and develop an eco-politics of co-existence.
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O.O., Khan. "Situational conditionality of construction and programs implementation of individual investigative (search) actions." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2020, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2020.03.100.
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In forensic science, the theory of situational conditionality of pre-trial and judicial investigation is considered to be quite accepted. Programming the conduct of individual investigative (search) actions is a new means of solving tactical tasks by investigators during criminal proceedings. This raises the question of examining its situational conditionality. Under the situation of individual investigative (search) actions today, some scientists consider a set of conditions and circumstances that create the relevant situation – the situation during a specific investigative (search) action, which is due to the nature of the investigative (search) action, time and place, position and the behavior of the participants, the availability of evidence, the results of the investigator, and affect the tactics of this investigative (search) action. The article concludes that the situational approach is one of the most promising areas in criminology, which allows to strengthen the practical significance of scientific research. Given that the programs, which accumulate certain forensic knowledge aimed at application in investigative practice, are situationally determined, it is necessary to build programs for individual investigative (search) actions in accordance with typical situations identified in science on the basis of judicial analysis – investigative practice. In order to achieve the goal of forensic programming, investigative (search) action of any kind should be considered as a certain sequence of alternating situations. The most typical situations should be detailed and specific as possible. And the implementation of programs of investigative (search) actions within the framework of a specific act of investigation must also take place in accordance with the specific situations that arise. Key words: forensic programming; investigative (search) actions; typical investigative situations.
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HROMOVA, Olha, Alina HABRID, and Olena LANOVA. "Essential influence of situation factors on consumer behavior." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.12.4.
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Тhe article deals with the types of consumer behavior on the market depending on the circumstances and life stage. It is emphasized that consumer behavior depends not only on external factors, but also on their outlook, education, innate characteristics. Approaches to the study of the essence of the Situational factors are determined and their possible influence on the consumer's choice is evaluated. The needs of individual clients are shaped both by the influence of their own characteristics and as appropriate. The classification of situational factors is given and determined that they can facilitate the purchase, interfere with or be neutral in the product of the consumer of a potential product. The analysis of individual situations that may influence consumer behavior is carried out. The influence of situations related to the presence of children in the purchasers, which may be present during the purchase and affect its process, has been investigated separately. The situation where different factors can intersect and affect consumers simultaneously is investigated. It is emphasized that some situations are deliberately created and some occur accidentally, under the influence of completely unforeseen situations. Thus, as a special place in the purchase process is the consumer communication with the seller, the importance of marketing service in the study of situational factors. It is stated that the task of the marketer is to see which situation is most typical in this particular case (place, time, characters). Summarizing the research, it is determined that many factors influence the behavior of the consumer, including external and internal factors (education, outlook, character, consumer perception also play a significant role in the consumption process).
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Daly, Leo, Pádraig Ó. Fágáin, and Peter Somerville-Large. "Time, Place and Situation." Books Ireland, no. 96 (1985): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20625612.
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Cresswell, Tim. "Place, power, situation and spectacle." Journal of Rural Studies 12, no. 1 (January 1996): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-0167(96)90079-0.
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Nazish, Samia, and Shakeel Ahmad. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/167." Habibia Islamicus 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0501a03.
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Rhetoric is the conformity of speech with the eloquence of its vocabulary and its compounds according to the situation, that surrounds the speech is called the situational context. This includes the time and place, condition of the speakers and the addressees, and circumstances of the speech. Rhetoric does not stop at the choice of words, structures and rhetorical arts, according to the requirement of the situation. Rather, it goes beyond choosing expressive ways that carry those words, structures and rhetorical arts. The ways differ according to the difference of the situation, and the situation requires one way or another or more than one way to indicate the intended meanings. Expressive ways have been varied in the Quranic discourse considering the difference in situation to express the intended, it did not adopt only one way that express the intended in all situations. This research aims to study the expressive ways used in the Quranic discourse considering the difference in situation and its effect on the souls. The topic is addressed in this research with the descriptive approach and the analytical approach for highlighting the importance of expressive ways to reach the desired meaning in the Quranic discourse.
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Ogawa, Yuzo. "Current Situation of Toray Waterless Plate." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 48, no. 9 (1994): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.48.1167.
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Padilo, L. P., O. P. Biryukova, and V. A. Agoltsov. "SMALL RUMINANTS PLAGUE WORLD EPIZOOTIC SITUATION." Scientific Life 15, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 1007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-7-1007-1017.
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Plague of small ruminants (PSR) causes enormous economic damage to sheep and goat breeding. Mortality and lethality rates reach 100% of the total number of sick animals. The main materials for recording and analyzing the epizootic situation in foreign countries were: statistical data from the OIE yearbooks for 2007–2019. Cartographic data analysis was carried out using software known on the market for geographic information systems, QGIS, ArcGIS Decktop 10.4. A retrospective cartographic analysis of the epizootic situation of plague of small ruminants in the world in 2007–2019 showed that in 2017 the infection was registered in Mongolia (4 outbreaks, 1661 cases), in Israel (2 outbreaks, 34 cases), in China (2 outbreaks, 288 cases). In 2018, plague of small ruminants was registered in 7 countries of the world: Algeria, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burundi, China, Israel, Sierra Leone. Algeria reported 6 outbreaks and 30 cases, Bhutan 1 outbreak and 1 case, Bulgaria 7 outbreaks, 28 cases, Burundi 8 outbreaks, 7395 cases, China 6 outbreaks, 1,757 cases, Israel 3 outbreaks, 560 cases , Sierra Leone – 7 outbreaks, 649 cases. As of December 2019, there were 10 outbreaks and 208 cases of small ruminants’ plague of in Israel, 99 outbreaks in Algeria and 3,139 cases, as well as 1 outbreak and 179 cases in Libya. By the retrospective analysis, it has been established that the nosoarea of the PSR pathogen is extremely widespread in many continents of the world.
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Lenz, M., P. Varga, D. Mischler, B. Gueorguiev, K. Klos, A. Fernandez dell’Oca, P. Regazzoni, RG Richards, and Perren. "Helical plating – a novel technique to increase stiffness in defect fractures." European Cells and Materials 42 (August 19, 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v042a08.
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Single-plate fixation bridging bone defects provokes nonunion and risks plate-fatigue failure due to under- dimensioned implants. Adding a helical plate to bridge the fracture increases stiffness and balances load sharing. This study compares the stiffness and plate surface strain of different constructs in a transverse contact and gap femoral shaft fracture model. Eight groups of six synthetic femora each were formed: intact femora; intact femora with lateral locking plate; contact and gap transverse shaft osteotomies each with lateral locking plate, lateral locking plate and helical locking plate, and long proximal femoral nail. Constructs underwent non-destructive quasi-static axial and torsional loading. Plate surface strain evaluation was performed under 200 N axial loading. Constructs with both lateral and helical plates demonstrated similar axial and torsional stiffness– independent of the contact or gap situations – being significantly higher compared to lateral plating (p < 0.01). Torsional stiffness of the constructs, with both lateral and helical plates in the gap situation, was significantly higher compared to this situation stabilised by a nail (p < 0.01). Plate surface strain dropped from 0.3 % in the gap situation with a lateral plate to < 0.1 % in this situation with both a lateral and a helical plate. Additional helical plating increases axial and torsional construct stiffness in synthetic bone and seems to provide well-balanced load sharing. Its use should be considered in very demanding situations for gap or defect fractures, where single-plate osteosynthesis provides inadequate stiffness for fracture healing and induces nonunion.
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Hori, Takeshi. "The present situation of Toray Waterless Plate." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 40, no. 11 (1986): 1002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.40.1002.
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Jouffroy, Romain, Nicolas Poirot, and Benoît Vivien. "Place de l’analgésie locorégionale en situation d’exception." Médecine de Catastrophe - Urgences Collectives 5, no. 1 (March 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pxur.2020.12.003.
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Zemlyanskaya, Elena N. "Educational situations as a unit of events in the educational process." Science and School, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/1819-463x-2020-3-83-92.
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The article reveals the essence of the concept of the educational situation from the perspective of pedagogical design as a methodology and technology of modern education. The importance of designing educational situations as a micro-event of pedagogical reality in the context of the ideas of developing education is substantiated. The difference and similarity of concepts of the pedagogical situation, the learning situation and the educational situation is substantiated. A situation is educational if (a) its purpose is to increase the cognitive, operational or motivational resources of students, (b) it is specified with respect to the time it began and ended, and also the place in the educational process, (c) it suggests involvement and co-distributed activity of the participants in the educational process. The signs of the educational situation are discussed: openness, probabilistic nature, situatedness. A structural model of the educational situation is proposed and recommendations are given for scenarios of situations for developing education.
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Koshelev, Alexey D. "On the Genesis of the Child’s Concepts and Lexical Meanings." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2021-48-2-156-170.
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The article shows that the primary cognitive units of infants, thanks to which they begin to understand individual fragments of the visible world, are integral situations (‘a boy is eating porridge’, ‘Mother is reading a book’, etc.), since they satisfy the initial children’s needs and desires. In the process of child’s development, these situations are divided into specific participants (BOY, PORRIDGE, SPOON, PLATE) and relationships (‘plate – porridge’, ‘porridge portion – spoon’, ‘spoon – boy’s mouth’). The separated participants, i.e., the functional parts of situations, become the first children’s concepts. Later, in the same way (by dividing new situations into participants), more special and complex concepts are formed: ‘motor’, ‘carburetor’, ‘trombone’, etc. As a result, the article concludes that human concepts are not innate, as J. Fodor and early Chomsky believe, or are combinations of the simplest innate concepts, according to A. Wierzbicka, I. Mel’čuk and S. Pinker. All concepts rather arise as products of the decomposition of holistic situations that the child has previously learned.Simultaneously with the formation of concepts, a thematic classification arises in children: when sorting triads of objects (dog-cat-bone; plate-cup-spoon), the child combines into one group objects that jointly participate in a typical situation (e.g., the dog and the bone, the plate and the spoon), rather than objects that perform similar functions in the situation: the dog and the cat or the plate and the cup (taxonomic classification). It is shown that the source of the thematic classification is not encyclopedic knowledge, as it is commonly believed (G. Murphy, E. Markman), but the primary integral situations and the binary relations arising from their decomposition.In the final part of the article, the role of language in the formation of children’s classifications is analyzed, the genesis of metaphorical and metonymic meanings is discussed, and refined definitions of these meanings are given.
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Bambill, D. V., and C. A. Rossit. "Coupling between Transverse Vibrations and Instability Phenomena of Plates Subjected to In-Plane Loading." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/937596.
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As it is known, the problems of free transverse vibrations and instability under in-plane loads of a plate are two different technological situations that have similarities in their approach to elastic solution. In fact, they are two eigenvalue problems in which we analyze the equilibrium situation of the plate in configurations which differ very slightly from the original, undeformed configuration. They are coupled in the event where in-plane forces are applied to the edges of the transversely vibrating plate. The presence of forces can have a significant effect on structural and mechanical performance and should be taken into account in the formulation of the dynamic problem. In this study, distributed forces of linear variation are considered and their influence on the natural frequencies and corresponding normal modes of transverse vibration is analyzed. It also analyzes their impact for the case of vibration control. The forces' magnitude is varied and the first natural frequencies of transverse vibration of rectangular thin plates with different combinations of edge conditions are obtained. The critical values of the forces which cause instability are also obtained. Due to the analytical complexity of the problem under study, the Ritz method is employed. Some numerical examples are presented.
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Sutrisni Handayani, Ni Nyoman. "PARADIGMA BARU DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI." PRATAMA WIDYA : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI 2, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/pw.v2i2.1019.
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<p><em>The learning model that has been putting the burdens and shackles of children’s freedom in exploring and acquiring knowledge has now turned into how the learning process can be fun, valuable, and without unawareness. When did the educational situation arise? The situation of education takes place starting from the usual association. So, essentially social situations is a field (land) to prepare and install the education. It is because from a social situation that can be transformed into the educational or educational situation is not possible without the situation of association.</em></p>
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Monastersky, Richard. "The Juan de Fuca Plate: A Sticky Situation." Science News 132, no. 3 (July 18, 1987): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3971820.
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Prahara, Adhi, Andri Pranolo, and Rafał Dreżewski. "GPU Accelerated Number Plate Localization in Crowded Situation." International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 1, no. 3 (November 1, 2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v1i3.46.
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Number Plate Localization (NPL) has been widely used as part of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system. NPL method determines the accuracy of ANPR system. Although it is a mature research, the challenge stills persist especially in crowded situation where many vehicles present. Therefore, a method is proposed to localize number plate in crowded situation. The proposed NPL method uses vertical edge density to extract potential region of number plate then detect the number plate using combination of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The method employs GPU to deal with multiple number plate detection, to handle multi-scale detection window, and to perform real time detection. The test result shows good results, 0.9883 value of AUC (Area Under Curve), and 0.9362 of BAC (Balance Accuracy). Moreover, potential real time detection is foreseen because total process is executed in less than 50 ms. Errors are mainly caused by background that contain letters, non-standard number plate and highly covered number plate
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Treger, Robert. "On the situation of nodes of plane curves." Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 17, no. 2 (October 1, 1987): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0273-0979-1987-15572-8.
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Pérez-Sanagustín, Mar, Carlos Alario-Hoyos, and Carlos Delgado Kloos. "FLINN." International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcitp.2014040104.
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Thanks to technology, people learn continuously, anytime and anywhere, and in multiple situations that combine formal, non-formal and informal learning. However, recognizing the type of learning taking place in such technology-enhanced learning (TEL) situations is a big challenge, since the boundaries between these three kinds of learning are blurred. In this paper we present FLINN (FormaL INformal and Non-formal), a framework that defines formal, non-formal and informal learning situations as a continuum of two factors: (a) how learning is achieved; and (b) the setting where the learning situation takes place. This framework helps systematically characterize TEL situations, and as a consequence understand the kind of learning taking place, and recognize the learning opportunities that may arise in these situations. To illustrate the FLINN framework the authors describe three different scenarios, all employing interactive tags combined with other technologies for supporting collaboration in different settings, and embracing a diversity of learning objectives.
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Evans, Robert, and Carl Winsløw. "Fundamental situations in teaching biology: The case of parthenogenesis." Nordic Studies in Science Education 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.376.
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This theoretical paper considers the notion of fundamental situation in the sense of Brousseau’s theory of didactical situations. It introduces some precise elements of this theory in which a teacher provides an environment for student work that aims to enable students, through constructive inquiry, to acquire well defined pieces of scientific knowledge. Situations become fundamental if they not only allow, but force students to construct the target knowledge. A classical example from mathematics is presented, where the target knowledge is a theorem of plane geometry presented as a puzzle. Then a new fundamental situation in biology is described for parthenogenetic reproduction, which has recently turned out to occur in Komodo dragons. An explicit demand to generate and test hypotheses that could explain the given example of dragon reproduction, using authentic DNA data, is given to students. The paper concludes with an analysis of the extent to which this fundamental situation in biology is authentic to the theory of didactical situations.
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Martin, Julia. "SITUATING ‘PLACE’ FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY." English Studies in Africa 52, no. 2 (October 2009): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138390903444131.
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Kresova, N. Yu. "TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PERSONAL COMPONENT OF SITUATIONS RELATED WITH PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEMS." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev 58, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2021-58-4-309.
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Statement of the problem. Improving the quality of resolving difficult situations associated with teachers’ professional activity is possible only by studying those personal and situational variables that a) affect the resolution of difficult situations, b) are included in the personal structure and are available for comprehension. Tolerance for ambiguity (TA), being an intersubjective personality parameter, has all the necessary characteristics and can be considered when developing socio-psychological programs for teachers. However, its contribution to the resolution of difficult situations is currently not well understood. The purpose of the article is to show the place of TA in the structure of the personal component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties based on experimental data. Review of scientific literature on the problem. TA has many interpretations and is considered by researchers as a personality trait, as a metacognitive characteristic, as a socio-psychological attitude. Currently, without denying the multidimensionality of the concept, the emotional, cognitive and perceptual components of TA are considered. This means a return, at a new level, to the original idea of E. Frenkel-Brunswik, author of this psychological concept, who defined TA as an emotional-cognitive personality variable associated with the ambivalence of experiencing negative and positive properties of objects of reality. Sharing the views of E. Lehtinen and K. Merenluoto, we consider TA not as a stable, but as a dynamic characteristic. However, we have to admit that in this aspect the problem has been studied least of all. Therefore, studying the structure of the personal component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties, we consider as a separate task of studying TA as a structural component that develops in personal and situational interaction. Materials and methods. The research methodology is built in accordance with the idea of L.S. Vygotsky and K. Levin, according to which any objective characteristic with which a person interacts becomes subjective through experience. The second foundation is understanding of the personality in the existential and humanistic approach as the leading instance that mediates any interaction with the world and oneself. The third foundation is a situational approach. The study involved 111 practicing teachers, who were offered five problem-solving tasks. Self-reports were processed using content analysis, the results were correlated with the data of personality techniques, including S. Badner’s TA test, and were subjected to factorization. Research results. The paper proves that TA refers to intersubjective parameters that affect the relationship between the personality and the situation. The TA factor turned out to be significant for all three groups of open, closed, and mixed models of interaction in difficult situations and is included in the structure of the personal component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties along with such factors as autonomy, communication, cognitive interest, openness, and creativity. Conclusion. The idea of K. Dahlbert that TA is most of all connected with the time factor was confirmed. During the study, it was found out that entering into different combinations within the personality structure, the TA parameter forms different configurations. Combined with the “orientation in time” factor, TA promotes an open type of interaction, while intolerance is associated with categoricalness and a closed type of communication in a situation of difficulty. Temporal competence enhances the personality ability to resolve a situation of difficulty through time resource management. At the same time, expectation of easiness and categoricalness lower the developmental potential of interaction in a situation of difficulty. In general, the high weight of TA in the structure of the personality component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties allows us to consider TA as a task and condition in the development of socio-psychological programs for practicing teachers.
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Zub, Igor, Yuriy Ezhov, and Viktor Shchemelev. "Simulation model of situational control of transshipment machinery fleet." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913502028.
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The seaport is a place for cargo transshipment and storage. The speed of vehicle processing is one of the indicators of port’s performance. The time of vehicles being under processing depends on the performance of a fleet of transshipment machinery. The stochastic nature of vehicles’ arriving leads to the intense operation of handling facilities and formation of wait lists for vehicles to be loaded or unloaded, or to the downtime of transshipment machinery when vehicles are absent. Depending on the operational situation, transshipment machinery is brought out for maintenance operations that can be performed by unit, which provides the increase in the technical use coefficient. For maintenance of individual units, the decomposition of handling facility is performed; statistical data on the time of maintenance conduction for all units is collected. Statistical data are entered into the database. When transshipment machinery is brought out of operation for a short period, the unit is selected, the service time of which coincides with the downtime of a brought out facility. To visualize the process of situational management of maintenance and define conflict situations, a simulation model was developed with the use of the apparatus of Petri nets. The analysis of the model helped to reveal conflict situations that can be solved both during situational management of transshipment machinery fleet and by means of models nested into conflict places.
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Lenton, Alison P., Letitia Slabu, and Constantine Sedikides. "State Authenticity in Everyday Life." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 1 (January 2016): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2033.
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We examined the components and situational correlates of state authenticity to clarify the construct's meaning and improve understanding of authenticity's attainment. In Study 1, we used the day reconstruction method (participants assessed real–life episodes from ‘yesterday’) and in Study 2 a smartphone app (participants assessed real–life moments taking place ‘just now’) to obtain situation–level ratings of participants’ sense of living authentically, self–alienation, acceptance of external influence, mood, anxiety, energy, ideal–self overlap, self–consciousness, self–esteem, flow, needs satisfaction, and motivation to be ‘real’. Both studies demonstrated that state authentic living does not require rejecting external influence and, further, accepting external influence is not necessarily associated with state self–alienation. In fact, situational acceptance of external influence was more often related to an increased, rather than decreased, sense of authenticity. Both studies also found state authentic living to be associated with greater, and state self–alienation with lesser: positive mood, energy, relaxation, ideal–self overlap, self–esteem, flow, and motivation for realness. Study 2 further revealed that situations prioritizing satisfaction of meaning/purpose in life were associated with increased authentic living and situations prioritizing pleasure/interest satisfaction were associated with decreased self–alienation. State authenticity is best characterized by two related yet independent components: authentic living and (absence of) self–alienation. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Ligȩza, A., and H. Żoła̧dek. "Qualitative Analysis of Some Libration Points in the Restricted Four-body Problem." Nelineinaya Dinamika 17, no. 4 (2021): 369–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd210402.
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We consider the situation where three heavy gravitational bodies form the Lagrange configuration rotating in a fixed plane and the fourth body of negligible mass moves in this plane. We present three cases of so-called libration points and we study their stability using linear approximation and KAM theory. In some situations we prove the Lyapunov stability for generic values of some parameter of the problem.
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Khansir, Ali Akbar, and Farhad Pakdel. "Place of Pragmatics in EFL Classroom." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 24, no. 1 (April 2021): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2021.24.1.66.
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This article’s main aim was to discuss the place of Pragmatics in EFL classrooms. Pragmatics is one of the branches of linguistics concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker and interpreted by a listener. Pragmatics has relatively recently become the focuses of attention in language studies. On the other hand, it is important to remember that pragmatics components have been used in language teaching contexts in recent years, syllabus design by language teachers worldwide. Many research works have been done by many language researchers in different aspects of pragmatics competence. Language teachers use pragmatics as a functional approach in the language classroom. However, pragmatics follows the general principles for men when they communicate with others. Pragmatics study sentences not in isolation but regarding contexts of situations, and it is defined as the interaction between a sequence of language and the real-world situation in which it is used.
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Deutekom, E. J., H. Philipsen, F. Ten Hoor, and H. Huyer Abu-Saad. "Plate waste producing situations on nursing wards." International Journal of Nursing Studies 28, no. 2 (January 1991): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7489(91)90006-o.
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Rojas-Sola, José, and Eduardo De la Morena-De la Fuente. "The Hay Inclined Plane in Coalbrookdale (Shropshire, England): Analysis through Computer-Aided Engineering." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163385.
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This article analyzes the ‘Hay inclined plane’ designed by the English engineer and entrepreneur William Reynolds and put into operation in 1792 to facilitate the transport of vessels between channels at different levels using an inclined plane. To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the parametric software Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite-element method (FEM) of the 3D model of the invention under real operating conditions. The results obtained after subjecting the mechanism to the two most unfavorable situations (blockage situation of the inertia flywheel and emergency braking situation) indicate that, with the exception of the braking bar, the rest of the assembly is perfectly designed and dimensioned. In particular, for the blockage situation, the point with the greatest stress is at the junction between the inertia flywheel and the axle to which it is attached, the maximum value of von Mises stress being at that point (186.9 MPa) lower than the elastic limit of the cast iron. Also, at this point the deformation is very low (0.13% of its length), as well as the maximum displacement that takes place in the inertia flywheel itself (22.98 mm), and the lowest safety factor has a value of 3.51 (located on the wooden shaft support), which indicates that the mechanism is clearly oversized. On the other hand, the emergency braking situation, which is technically impossible with a manual operation, indicates that the braking bar supports a maximum von Mises stress of 1025 MPa, above the elastic limit of the material, so it would break. However, other than that element, the rest of the elements have lower stresses, with a maximum value of 390.7 MPa, and with safety factors higher than 1.7, which indicates that the mechanism was well dimensioned.
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Khan, Sipper. "Plague of Smog in Lahore, Pakistan: A Choking Situation." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 2-3 (March 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520917814.
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İbrahim qızı Abbasova, Rəvanə. "Geopolitical situation in the South Caucasus." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/72-75.
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The article discusses the importance of geopolitical weight in modern times, provides information about the geopolitical landscape of the new era. The geopolitical realities of a number of processes taking place here are discussed in the interest of a number of countries in the Caucasus, both in and out of the region. It reflects the interests of Western countries in the region, as well as Azerbaijan's position in the Caucasus and the processes taking place there. Also touched upon the events that took place during the Second Karabakh War in 2020. Key words: II Karabakh War, Outpost country, Successful strategy, geopolitical weight, economic crisis, Geopolitical scene, qlobal trends
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Stolyarova, A. "Communicative Situations within the Framework of Business Discourse." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 6 (December 25, 2019): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2019-87-90.
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In this article a notion of a situation within the framework of communication is given, the most comprehensive communicative models are under consideration and a comparison of communicative and referential situations is represented. The article is aimed at giving an overview of the types of communicative situations, which take place under the frame of business discourse and to outline their models. The demonstrative examples were withdrawn from the following films: “Social network”: David Fincher, 2010 and “Jobs”: Joshua Michael Stern, 2013.
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Quintero, Ana Helvia. "Children's Conceptual Understanding of Situations Involving Multiplication." Arithmetic Teacher 33, no. 5 (January 1986): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.33.5.0034.
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One-step word problems are usually included in the mathematics curriculum so that students can learn to apply a new arithmetic operation. Recent studies (Carpenter, Hiebert, and Moser 1979; Quintero 1980), however, point out that the main difficulty children have with these problems is understanding the situation described in the problem and not in determining the correct arithmetic operation to apply. So in teaching word problems, we should place more importance on helping children understand the situation described in the problem. To do this, we must be aware of the different situations that can be modeled by an operation as well as the different concepts needed to understand each situation.
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Trunova, Valentyna. "STUDYING UKRAINIAN IN PRIMARY SCHOOL IN MULTILINGUALISM." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 15(7-8) (September 6, 2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.15(7-8)-8.
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It was established that the level of minimum requirements for the speech training of elementary school students should be the same, regardless of the school in which the students study - with the Ukrainian language of instruction or another (in Russian, Bulgarian, Moldavian, etc.). The study of research on the problem revealed the place of speech situations in the language lessons, literary and extracurricular reading. By a speech situation, the author understands an artificially created situation where the student feels with the hero, or instead of the hero. Types of speech learning situations (real, imaginary, built on the basis of the read text, selected illustrations, drawings) are highlighted. The structural components of the speech situation (the description of the scene, participants in the conversation, the speaker’s life experience, speech patterns, speech task, stimulus, motive, speech reaction) are disclosed and a description of each structural component is given. It is determined that the condition for the effectiveness of the use of speech situations is the selection of speech material that meets certain criteria, principles and approaches, and the preparatory work of the teacher: clarifying the dictionary, working out the pronunciation of words, making phrases, etc.
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Balakhonov, S. V., D. B. Verzhutsky, V. M. Korzun, E. S. Kulikalova, A. V. Kholin, and M. B. Sharakshanov. "Features of the current epizootic situation and the epidemiological situation for plague in southern Siberia, Mongolia and China (review)." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 8 (July 6, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2108-05.
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The purpose of this article is to present data on the current plague situation in China, Mongolia and southern Siberia (Russia). The analysis of the plague epizootic situation in the natural foci of the Central Asian region has been carried out. An increase in the activity of epizootics in a significant part of the territory under consideration and epidemiological risks rise were shown, which led to a sharp escalate in the number of plague diseases in people, including fatal outcomes. The extremely dangerous epidemiological situation emerging in the region dictates the need to continue systematic investigations of natural foci of plague in southern Siberia, to constantly monitor the epidemiological situation in Mongolia and China, to carry out comprehensive preventive and anti-epidemic measures to reduce the risks of plague in humans and to exclude the possibility of anthroponous spread of infection.
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Sztanderska, Urszula, and Gabriela Grotkowska. "Doktorat a sytuacja zawodowa kobiet i mężczyzn." Studia Iuridica, no. 86 (June 14, 2021): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-86.18.
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Obtaining a doctoral degree has recently gained popularity in Poland, especially in some areas of education (such as law or medicine). In this article we try to answer whether the doctorate provides economic benefits to its holders. In order to answer this question, the employment (structure and frequency) of individuals with a Ph.D. was analysed, and their wages and the rate of return to Ph.D. degree were assessed, i.e. the income of individuals with a Ph.D. was compared to the income they would get holding “only” a master’s degree and not having spent time on achieving the doctorate. Generally, in Poland the doctorate per se does not ensure an increase in income, but in certain occupations it is a necessary promotion tool. The wage growth of the individuals with Ph.D. depends of their place of employment and gender. Women gain less from having a doctoral degree, which - as it has been assumed - may also weaken their incentives to obtain it.
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Jodlowski, Mark T., Stephanie M. Doane, and Young Woo Sohn. "Mental Models, Situation Models, and Expertise in Flight Situation Awareness." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (September 2002): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600334.
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The present research examines cognitive processes that support flight situation awareness (SA). Of particular interest is pilot access to condition-action rules that reflect their mental models of flight, and their ability to determine when the rules apply in the context of a specific situation. Pilots were asked to reason about events that take place during flight in multiple 3-screen computer-based trials. In each trial, the first screen indicated a control movement, the second screen depicted a meaningful flight situation, and the third screen indicated a flight situation change. Pilots were asked to judge whether the change depicted in the third screen was consistent with what was expected following application of the control movement depicted in the first screen to the flight situation depicted in the second screen. Judgment accuracy suggests superior access to mental models versus situation models, and systematic differences in knowledge organization as a function of piloting expertise.
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Korol, Oleg, and Yuliya Kustikova. "Principles and methods for ensuring safe operation of high-rise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303070.
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The purpose of monitoring the technical condition of high-rise buildings is to prevent possible negative situations leading to significant socio-economic losses by timely warning of the emergence of such situations. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following main tasks, such as: identifying the time and place of origin and development of negative processes that lead to the emergence of an emergency situation; analysis of the possible development of the situation in time; development of management decisions; formation and submission of warning signals; obtaining new knowledge about the operation of the object, the factors of influence on this object, the speed of development of destructive processes. When solving the above problems, an important role is played by constructing an adequate mathematical model of the object, the parameters of which should be calibrated according to the current monitoring results.
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Kohn, Ayelet. "Iconic situations: multimodality, witnessing and collective memory." Visual Communication 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357218779117.
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This article deals with the multimodal components of televised situations that the author calls ‘iconic’ and that revolve around a dramatic announcement or declaration delivered on camera as part of a television broadcast. She argues that, in contemporary visual culture, iconic still photographs are gradually being replaced by iconic televised situations that become established as units of memory whose repeated airings and viewings ultimately gain an iconic status. Understanding this re-enactment has crucial importance in understanding the process by which the experience of the individual viewer or listener is interwoven with the narrative of the televised situation and in comprehending the role of witnessing. The article focuses on the spoken text, the roles of those who partake in the iconic situation and on the manner in which the fabric of verbal and visual elements helps to establish these situations as memorable. The author addresses three situations that were aired on Israeli television: the official announcement of the assassination of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, the announcement of the death of Israeli singer Arik Einstein and the video message delivered by the abducted Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit from his place of captivity in Gaza.
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Korzun, V. M., S. V. Balakhonov, A. V. Denisov, E. N. Rozhdestvensky, E. G. Tokmakova, P. P. Sanarov, S. S. Akulova, et al. "Epizootic Situation in the Mongolian Part of the Transboundary Sailugem Natural Plague Focus in 2018." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-2-79-86.
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Objectiveof the study was monitoring of epizootic situation in the Mongolian part of the trans-boundary Sailugem natural plague focus through 2018 for optimization of preventive and anti-epidemic activities to decrease the level of risk of human plague cases among the population in the border areas of Mongolia and Russia.Materials and methods. Epizootic survey was conducted across the area of 2668 km2 ; 282 mammals, 261 ectoparasites, including 257 fleas, were tested for plague. All laboratory investigations of the field material were carried out in the mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, mounted on the platform of KAMAZ. Field samples were subjected to molecular-genetic (PCR) and serological tests. Fresh and mummified pickings of birds of prey, corpses, caught rodents and lagomorphs, fleas collected from corpses, were tested using immune-chromatographic method (ICM) to detect capsular antigen (F1) of plague microbe. PCR and ICM positive samples were investigated applying bacteriological method. In the course of epizootiological survey, GIS-tools were employed. All the results obtained were plotted on electronic maps using QGIS 2.12.3 software package.Results and discussion. The total of 47 Yersinia pestis ssp. pestis strains were isolated from grey marmots and their fleas. Y. pestis DNA was detected in 60 objects. Serological testing showed 60 positive results. Contamination of the caught souslik with plague agent reached 4.5 % (n=22), fresh corpses and picking of predatory birds – 63.4 % (n=41), mummified corpses and leftovers, skeletal remains – 10.0 % (n=140). It was established that in the border territory, adjacent to Russia, an intensive diffused plague epizooty, caused by the agent of the main subspecies, takes place. All epizootic manifestations were revealed at the altitudes of 2400–2800 m above sea level, in densely populated grey marmot settlements. The epizooty was registered in most of the southern macro-slope of Sailugem ridge, throughout 100 km and along the whole Karalakhtu ridge – throughout 30 km. The epizooty area, confirmed by plague agent isolation, amounted to 1207 km2 (45.2 % of the examined territory).
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Bunyamin, Mahmudin. "‘Adam Al-Haraj: Aplikasi Rukhshah dalam Implementasi Hukum Islam dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Modern." AL-'ADALAH 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v15i1.1975.
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One of the principles of Islamic teachings is to ease people’s lives or to eliminate the difficulty. If in a certain occasion, people find it difficult (masyaqqah) to perform any obligations, Islam then gives a relief (rukhshah). For instance, when Muslims are travelling (safar) with a certain distance, they will get any easiness for their obligations, such as prayer. However, there is condition for the easiness. Given to the two situations, first people who travelling by air plane with hundred kilometers distance are comfortable because of the plane and they can travel fast. Another situation is people spending for ages because of the traffic jam are exhausting because of long journey. Those people who travel by plane are eligible to obtain rukhshah because they travel with hundred kilometers distance, while those who are stuck in the traffic jam are not. These situations absolutely need to be investigated.
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Davtian, Stepan, and Tatyana Chernigovskaya. "Psychiatry in free fall: In pursuit of a semiotic foothold." Sign Systems Studies 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2003): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2003.31.2.13.
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Diagnostics of a mental disorder completely bases on an estimation of patient’s behaviour, verbal behaviour being the most important. The behaviour, in turn, is ruled by a situation expressed as a system of signs. Perception of a situation could be seen as a function, which depends on the context resulting from the previous situations, structuring personal world. So the world is not given — it is being formed while the person is in action. We argue that distinctive features of behaviour, including its abnormal variants, can be explained not in categories of characters and diseases but in terms of situations taking place in individual worlds. The situation in which a person perceives himself is not simply a site in a three-dimensional space at a certain moment, but a part of the world and an episode of his life. Like a text composed of words, individual world is composed of situations. Each of them needs certain context to cope with ambiguity. This context is induced by the world as a whole. And the world, in turn, is presented as a chain of situations. If the context cannot help to interpret a situation adequately, uncertainty can be eliminated by actions clarifying a situation, which is changed in a predictable way. Thus, purposeful activity, skills to make predictions and corrections of one’s own actions are crucial. Weakness of any of them inevitably leads to the distortion of the presentation of the world, to wrong evaluation of situations and, as a result, to inadequate actions that finally reduce the activity as being ineffective. Thus, the lack of activity becomes the key factor in the development of disorder, being simultaneously its cause and effect. In periods of insufficient activity conditions for violated (and violating) sign processing arise. Possible variants of sign malfunction are: oligosemia (reduction of the number of perceivable signs), hyposemia (decrease of significance of signs), hypersemia (increase of significance of some signs at the expense of others), ambisemia (uncertainty of sign, when situation remains unclear), cryptosemia (recognition of signs not obvious for other observers), and parasemia (perverted interpretation of signs influenced by a false context).
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Martin, Caitlin, and Sally-Ann Murray. "Crime takes place: spatial situation(s) in Margie Orford’s fiction." Scrutiny2 19, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18125441.2014.906231.
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CERENIUS, L., P. LAURENT, and L. EDSMAN. "ROUNDTABLE SESSION 3A: PROTECTION OF NATIVES IN A PLAGUE SITUATION." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 367 (2002): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2002093.
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Bertherat, E., and K. England. "What is the current situation with plague in North Africa?" International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 (March 2010): e374-e375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.454.
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Bendifallah, S., J. L. Brun, and H. Fernandez. "Place de la myomectomie chez une patiente en situation d’infertilité." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 40, no. 8 (December 2011): 885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2011.09.014.
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Смирнова and Elena Smirnova. "Education Improvement in the Sphere of the Taxation in the Conditions of Global Changes in Economy." Auditor 2, no. 8 (August 25, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19682.
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In article the current situation which developed in the higher education with training of specialists for the tax
sphere — for state and for commercial structures is considered. A special place in the training of specialists in the fi eld of
taxation, according to the author, is to take up the analysis of practical situations that arise in the relationship between
taxpayers and tax authorities.
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Duncan, Kathleen B. "Invisible Social Identity Exercise." Management Teaching Review 5, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2379298118815249.
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Diversity courses cover a variety of relevant topics, but it is difficult to convey the dilemmas those with stigmatized, invisible social identities may encounter in the workplace. This exercise attempts to situate students in the perspective of both the person with the invisible identity and those who may unintentionally place that person in a difficult situation. Five role-plays with scenarios that reflect real-world situations allow students to heighten their sensitivity and understanding in workplace situations that may involve invisible social identities. The learning builds on the students’ lived experience and links stigma and invisible social identity theory to their workplace environment.
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Mamasidikovich, Kamolov Jakhongir. "The Ethno-Political Situation In Central Asia On The Eve Of The Emergence Of The Hephthalite State." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue02-35.
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This article describes the ethno-political processes that took place in Central Asia in the IV-V centuries and the socio-political events that took place on the eve of the formation of the Hephthalite state and their analysis.
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Fruchart, Eric, Antoine Raberin, and Fabienne Durand. "Effect of Hypoxia on Information Integration Capacities." Universitas Psychologica 17, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy17-4.ehii.
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The effect of hypoxia on cognitive processes is an undisputed finding but its extent remains difficult to predict in each particular circumstance. The present study examined the impact of hypoxia on information integration capacities in daily life settings. A sample of 14 students was presented with a series of cards depicting an object a) having a given volume and made of a given substance, and asked to infer its mass;or b) having a given mass and density, and asked to infer its volume; or c) having a given volume and mass, and asked to infer its density. There were three levels of hypoxia situations. In a baseline situation, participants were instructed to put a mask connected with an AltiTrainer (equipment that regulates the oxygen partial pressure provided through the mask) and to perform the three judgment tasks in close succession. The two other situations were similar to the baseline situation except that the AltiTrainer was configured to simulate altitude levels either 1100 m or 3100 m higher than the one in the baseline situation. Contrary to our expectations, no difference in performance was found between the three experimental situations. People’s information integration capacities are not affected by hypoxia, even if acclimatization to it has not taken place, and as far as it is not too severe.
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Moore, Julia. "Mozart in the Market-Place." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 114, no. 1 (1989): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/114.1.18.
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Mozart's financial situation has been the subject of controversy and speculation since his death in December 1791, when a rumour circulated through Vienna that he had left debts of 30,000 fl. (see Table 1 for information on currencies). Although this fantastic figure was ten times too high, his widow's situation was indeed precarious, at least at first.