Dissertations / Theses: 'Situation awareness'

1

Irani, Feruzan Syrus Oswald Sharon L. "The relationships among personality, stress, and situation awareness the effect of situation awareness training /." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1481.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Szczerbak, Michal Krzysztof. "Colloborative Situation Awareness." Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13949.

Full text

Abstract:

La sensibilité à la situation et l'intelligence collective, sont deux technologies utilisées dans les systèmes intelligents. La première rend ces systèmes capables de raisonnement sur leur connaissance abstraite sur ce qui se passe. La seconde permet d'apprendre et de dériver de nouvelles informations à partir de la composition d'expériences de leurs utilisateurs. Dans ce mémoire de thèse nous présentons une recherche doctorale qui s'efforce combiner les deux afin d'obtenir, de façon collaborative, un ensemble des règles de situations, dont le partage soit profitable pour une communauté d'entités. Nous introduisons le système de recommandation KRAMER, que nous avons conçu et mis en oeuvre comme une solution au problème d'inexistence des outils de support à la fois sensibles à la situation et collaboratifs. Le système étant générique, nous appliquons l'implémentation de son prototype à un scénario de communication sociale enrichie de contexte
Situation awareness and collective intelligence are two technologies used in smart systems. The former renders those systems able to reason upon their abstract knowledge of what is going on. The latter enables them learning and deriving new information from a composition of experiences of their users. In this dissertation we present a doctoral research on an attempt to combine the two in order to obtain, in a collaborative fashion, situation-based rules that the whole community of entities would benefit of sharing. We introduce the KRAMER recommendation system, which we designed and implemented as a solution to the problem of not having decision support tools both situation-aware and collaborative. The system is independent from any domain of application in particular, in other words generic, and we apply its prototype implementation to context-enriched social communication scenario

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

McGowan, Alastair. "Cognitive factors mediating situation awareness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55639/.

Full text

Abstract:

The six experiments reported in this thesis tested Endsley's (1995) three level theory of perception, comprehension and projection in SA alongside relevant cognitive theories, using a driving hazard perception test (HPT) of both hazard recognition and hazard anticipation as the main dependent measures. Experiments 1 and 2 tested the effects of training and expertise on the HPT, revealing a positive association between hazard anticipation and both SA training and expertise. Experiment 2 revealed a potentially complex relationship between expertise and recognition and anticipation. The effects of training Endsley's (1995) perception and comprehension levels of SA did not appear to be additive as predicted by that theory. Experiments 3 and 4 tested the effects of concurrent freeze probes and real time SA probes on the HPT. This revealed a negative effect of interruption and a positive effect of reorientation (revealing the rationale of the task) associated with the use of a freeze probe, in terms of hazard anticipation. Furthermore, these two effects appear to be mutually cancelling. It was also found that notification of forthcoming online probes does not ameliorate the negative effects of those interruptions in terms of hazard anticipation. Experiments 5 and 6 tested the effects of working memory interference in terms of visual-spatial, phonological and episodic buffer processing on the two HPT measures. This revealed more deleterious effects on hazard recognition associated with visual-spatial and episodic buffer interference than with phonological interference. It is argued that in terms of SA related visual processing during driving Milner and Goodale's (1992) dual pathway theory appears to have more explanatory power than Endsley's (1995) theory of SA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Lundquist, Christian. "Automotive Sensor Fusion for Situation Awareness." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Automatic Control, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51226.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of radar and camera for situation awareness is gaining popularity in automotivesafety applications. In this thesis situation awareness consists of accurate estimates of theego vehicle’s motion, the position of the other vehicles and the road geometry. By fusinginformation from different types of sensors, such as radar, camera and inertial sensor, theaccuracy and robustness of those estimates can be increased.

Sensor fusion is the process of using information from several different sensors tocompute an estimate of the state of a dynamic system, that in some sense is better thanit would be if the sensors were used individually. Furthermore, the resulting estimate isin some cases only obtainable through the use of data from different types of sensors. Asystematic approach to handle sensor fusion problems is provided by model based stateestimation theory. The systems discussed in this thesis are primarily dynamic and they aremodeled using state space models. A measurement model is used to describe the relationbetween the state variables and the measurements from the different sensors. Within thestate estimation framework a process model is used to describe how the state variablespropagate in time. These two models are of major importance for the resulting stateestimate and are therefore given much attention in this thesis. One example of a processmodel is the single track vehicle model, which is used to model the ego vehicle’s motion.In this thesis it is shown how the estimate of the road geometry obtained directly from thecamera information can be improved by fusing it with the estimates of the other vehicles’positions on the road and the estimate of the radius of the ego vehicle’s currently drivenpath.

The positions of stationary objects, such as guardrails, lampposts and delineators aremeasured by the radar. These measurements can be used to estimate the border of theroad. Three conceptually different methods to represent and derive the road borders arepresented in this thesis. Occupancy grid mapping discretizes the map surrounding theego vehicle and the probability of occupancy is estimated for each grid cell. The secondmethod applies a constrained quadratic program in order to estimate the road borders,which are represented by two polynomials. The third method associates the radar measurementsto extended stationary objects and tracks them as extended targets.

The approaches presented in this thesis have all been evaluated on real data from bothfreeways and rural roads in Sweden.

IVSS - SEFS

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Abd, Hamid Harris Shah. "Situation awareness amongst emergency care practitioners." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9114.

Full text

Abstract:

The increase and changes in the demand for emergency care require pro-active responses from the designers and implementers of the emergency care system. The role of Emergency Care Practitioner (ECP) was introduced in England to improve the delivery of emergency care in the community. The role was evaluated using cost-benefit approach and compared with other existing emergency care roles. An analysis of the cognitive elements (situation awareness (SA) and naturalistic decision making (NDM)) of the ECP job was proposed considering the mental efforts involved. While the cost-benefit approach can justify further spending on developing the role, a cognitive approach can provide the evidence in ensuring the role is developed to fulfil its purpose. A series of studies were carried out to describe SA and NDM amongst ECPs in an ambulance service in England. A study examined decision-making process using Critical Decision Method interviews which revealed the main processes in making decision and how information was used to develop SA. Based on the findings, the subsequent studies focus on the non-clinical factors that influence SA and decision making. Data from a scoping study were used to develop a socio-technical systems framework based on existing models and frameworks. The framework was then used to guide further exploration of SA and NDM. Emergency calls that were assigned to ECPs over a period of 8 months were analysed. The analysis revealed system-related influences on the deployment of ECPs. Interviews with the ECPs enabled the identification of influences on their decision-making with respect to patient care. Goal-directed task analysis was used to identify the decision points and information requirements of the ECPs. The findings and the framework were then evaluated via a set of studies based on an ethnographic approach. Participant observations with 13 ECPs were carried out. Field notes provided further insight into the characteristics of jobs assigned to the ECPs. It was possible to map the actual information used by the ECP to their information needs. The sources of the information were classified according to system levels. A questionnaire based on factors influencing decision-making was tested with actual cases. It was found that the items in the questionnaire could reliably measure factors that influence decision-making. Overall, the studies identify factors that have direct and indirect influences on the ECP job. A coherent model for the whole emergency care systems can be developed to build safety into the care delivery process. Further development of the ECP role need to consider the support for cognitive tasks in light of the findings reported in this thesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Holsopple, Jared. "Fusia| Future situation and impact awareness." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127757.

Full text

Abstract:

Future Situation and Impact Awareness: FuSIA is a mission-centric framework using uncertain observables to determine the current and future impact for critical missions in an application such as protecting a computer network or protecting critical entities in a military environment. FuSIA serves to provide an implement of a domain-agnostic, yet domain-configurable, framework for higher level data fusion processes such as situation, impact, and threat assessment.

FuSIA ingests groupings of observables called attack tracks to estimate the current state of the assets in the given environment using state estimation. The state estimates can be combined across various in different ways to account for uncertainty through the use of the common mass function, which can be converted into a mission impact score. These assessments can then be processed by a mission tree that calculates the estimated impact of the critical missions, which is modeled by a mission tree. The mission tree uses a modification to the Yager Order-Weighted Aggregators to propagate not only the impact, but also uncertainty into the higher-level missions. The effectiveness of the mission impact calculations was also analyzed to determine how sensitive it was to different levels of uncertainty pertaining to different observables.

In addition to calculating current mission impact, FuSIA also generates a list of possible futures indicating events that could come to fruition in the near future. This list is pruned down to a human-manageable level through a process that involves assessing the likelihood of the futures using capability and opportunity metrics.

Finally, FuSIA solves a mixed-integer linear optimization problem for individual nodes on the mission tree while providing a heuristic algorithm to determine an optimal set of enforcers, actions that can be taken to improve a mission, to deploy so as the improve the overall state of the mission.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ojha, Ananya. "Situation Awareness: A Network Centric Approach." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35491.

Full text

Abstract:

Situation (al) awareness (SA) is critical to analyze, predict and perform tasks effectively in a dynamic environment. Many studies on SA have ignored network dynamism and its effect on SA, focusing on simple environments. Many studies involving the network and SA have refrained from attempting to model information space dynamism (i.e. dynamic scenarios which may have more than one probable outcome). Few studies have identified the need for a flexible, robust and overarching framework which could model both the network and information space dynamisms and provide for analysis of different types of networks (heterogeneous/homogeneous) at multiple scales. We utilize the NCOPP (Network Centric Operations Performance & Prediction), a uniform framework with â plug-&-playâ capabilities to provide analysis and performance prediction of networked information systems. In this work, we demonstrate the flexibility of the NCOPP framework and its ability to model a hierarchical sensor system satisfactorily. We model the network & information space dynamisms using probability and statistics theory (e.g. Bayesian prediction, probability distribution curves). We model the behavior of entities/nodes involved in the process of sharing information to achieve greatly improved situation awareness about a dynamic environment within hierarchical information network systems. Our behavior model mathematically represents how successful/unsuccessful predictions critically impact the achievement of effective situation awareness. In the behavior model, we tie together the cost of considering predictions which accounts for limited resources and the indirect effect of unsuccessful predictions. We research and show how the NCOPP framework can model real world networked information systems at different levels of granularity. We leverage the frameworkâ s capabilities to perform experiments that not only assist in an objective comparison of distributed information filtering and central data processing paradigms but also provide important insights into the effect of network dynamism on the quality and completeness of information in the system. We demonstrate the ability of incorporating key network information, in the process of achieving SA to improve the performance of the system. We exhibit the improvement in performance achieved with inclusion of the network characteristics during dynamic allocation of resources. We were able to show that simple hierarchical filtering (via distributed processing) results in significant reduction in the information in regards to â false alarmsâ when compared to systems employing central information processing. Experimental results show a direct positive impact in the completeness of SA when information sharing in hierarchical systems is supplemented by network delay information. Overall, we demonstrated the ability of the NCOPP framework to provide meaningful insights into the interactions of key factors involved in operation of networked information systems, with a particular emphasis on SA.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Thurston, Andrew. "An Integrative Model of Situation Awareness." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6416.

Full text

Abstract:

In aviation safety incident reports, lack of situation awareness (SA) is often attributed as the cause of negative safety outcomes, such as accidents. While the predominant model of SA has identified three components of SA, perception, comprehension, and projection, assumptions of their relationships with each other and external criteria are yet tested empirically. Specifically, SA theory suggests comprehension SA fully mediates the relationship between perception and projection SA. Additionally, research on the relationships between individual differences and SA is lacking. The purpose of the current study is to test a comprehensive model of SA which simultaneously examines the described mediation, relationships with individual differences antecedents of SA, and its utility as a predictor of safety using structural equation modeling (SEM). A sample of 349 employees from a diverse background of occupational areas were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to test the model. While self-report measurement of SA was an excellent predictor of safety, the current study did not find empirical support for the presumed mediation among the SA components, and found the relationships between individual differences and SA which contradict extant SA theory. The results suggest differentiating between typical versus maximal SA. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ciaramella, Alessandro. "Situation awareness in mobile recommendation systems." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2011. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/27/1/Ciaramella_phdthesis.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, a huge quantity of resources for mobile users is made available on the most important marketplaces. Further, handheld devices can accommodate plenty of these resources, such as applications, documents and web pages, locally. Thus, to search for resources suitable for specific circumstances often requires a considerable effort and rarely brings to a completely satisfactory result. Moreover, mobile users are likely to devote only partial attention and time to the devices while using them, because the primary task is interacting with the reality, e.g. moving, chatting or even driving a car. A tool able to recommend suitable resources at the right time in each situation would be of great help for the mobile users and would make the use of the handheld devices less boring and more attractive. To this aim, new levels of granularity, together with some degree of selfawareness, are needed to assist mobile users in managing and using resources. Situation awareness can provide a powerful mechanism to identify the user needs at a certain time, enhancing the device usage. However, determining the correct user situation is not a trivial task, due to imperfect domain knowledge, uncertainty in data, and changing user behaviors. In this thesis, we propose a situation-aware resource recommender, which helps mobile users to timely locate resources proactively. Situations are determined by a semantic reasoner that exploits domain knowledge expressed in terms of ontologies and semantic rules. This reasoner works in synergy with a fuzzy engine, which is in charge of handling the vagueness of some conditions in the semantic rules, computing a certainty degree for each inferred situation. These degrees are used to rank the situations and consequently to assign a priority to the resources associated with the specific situations. Moreover, in order to adapt the situation recognizer to the specific user, the system collects data during the interaction of the user with the mobile device. This context history is exploited by genetic algorithms to learn user habits and adapt accordingly the meaning of the linguistic values used in the fuzzy engine. The proposed framework is evaluated by means of real case studies concerning resource recommendations, and experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Whitcher, Alan. "Situation awareness of marine control room operators." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2013. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/3002/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lundström, Jens. "Situation Awareness in Colour Printing and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, CAISR Centrum för tillämpade intelligenta system (IS-lab), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25318.

Full text

Abstract:

Machine learning methods are increasingly being used to solve real-world problems in the society. Often, the complexity of the methods are well hidden for users. However, integrating machine learning methods in real-world applications is not a straightforward process and requires knowledge both about the methods and domain knowledge of the problem. Two such domains are colour print quality assessment and anomaly detection in smart homes, which are currently driven by manual monitoring of complex situations. The goal of the presented work is to develop methods, algorithms and tools to facilitate monitoring and understanding of the complex situations which arise in colour print quality assessment and anomaly detection for smart homes. The proposed approach builds on the use and adaption of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods. Novel algorithms for computing objective measures of print quality in production are proposed in this work. Objective measures are also modelled to study how paper and press parameters influence print quality. Moreover, a study on how print quality is perceived by humans is presented and experiments aiming to understand how subjective assessments of print quality relate to objective measurements are explained. The obtained results show that the objective measures reflect important aspects of print quality, these measures are also modelled with reasonable accuracy using paper and press parameters. The models of objective measures are shown to reveal relationships consistent to known print quality phenomena. In the second part of this thesis the application area of anomaly detection in smart homes is explored. A method for modelling human behaviour patterns is proposed. The model is used in order to detect deviating behaviour patterns using contextual information from both time and space. The proposed behaviour pattern model is tested using simulated data and is shown to be suitable given four types of scenarios. The thesis shows that parts of offset lithographic printing, which traditionally is a human-centered process, can be automated by the introduction of image processing and machine learning methods. Moreover, it is concluded that in order to facilitate robust and accurate anomaly detection in smart homes, a holistic approach which makes use of several contextual aspects is required.
PPQ
SA3L

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Kazem, Mandana Louise Nejad. "Situation awareness, pilots and auditory display design." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440257.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Picone, Meghan C. "Situation Awareness in LPNs: a Pilot Study." eScholarship@UMMS, 2020. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/61.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe situation awareness (SA) among licensed practical nurses (LPNs) working in direct patient care. Specific Aims: The specific aims for this study are 1) to examine SA scores, as measured by the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), in LPNs working in direct patient care and compare to published data on SA in registered nurses (RNs), 2) to examine the relationship between SA scores and years of LPN experience, 3) to examine differences in SA scores by type of workplace setting and 4) to describe the relationship between levels of satisfaction with simulation, as measured by the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES) and SA scores among LPNs. Framework: Situation Awareness Theory, as described by Endsley, was used as the framework for this study. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive design using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique was used to gather data from a convenience sample of LPNs. Results: LPNs (N=24) participated in the study and achieved an average SAGAT score of 72.6%. There were no differences in scores between those LPNs enrolled in an RN program and those who were not enrolled. Individual scores on the SAGAT were comparable or better than scores in a similar study of RNs. Conclusion: LPNs in this study demonstrated adequate situation awareness. Key Words: Situation awareness, licensed practical nurse, patient deterioration, clinical simulation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Forsman, Viking. "MEASURING SITUATION AWARENESS IN MIXED REALITY SIMULATIONS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44158.

Full text

Abstract:

Off-highway vehicle, such as excavators and forklifts, are heavy machines that are capable of causing harm to humans or damage property. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to develop interfaces for these kind of vehicles that can aid the operator to maintain a high level of situational awareness. How the interface affects the operators’ situational awareness is consequently an important metric to measure when evaluating the interface. Mixed reality simulators can be used to both develop and evaluate such interfaces in an immersive and safe environment. In this thesis we investigated how to measure situational awareness in a mixed-reality off-highway vehicle simulation scenario, without having to pause the scenario, by cross-referencing logs from the virtual environment and logs from the users' gaze position. Our method for investigating this research question was to perform a literature study and a user test. Each participant in the user test filled out a SART post-simulation questionnaire which we then compared with our measurement system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Öster, Daniel. "Providing Adaptability in Survivable Systems through Situation Awareness." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17.

Full text

Abstract:

System integration, interoperability, just in time delivery, window of opportunity, and dust-to-dust optimization are all keywords of our computerized future. Survivability is an important concept that together with dependability and quality of service are key issues in the systems of the future, i.e. infrastructural systems, business applications, and everyday desktop applications. The importance of dependable systems and the widely spread usage of dependable system together with the complexity of those systems makes middleware and frameworks for survivability imperative to the system builder of the future. This thesis presents a simulation approach to investigate the effect on data survival when the defending system uses knowledge of the current situation to protect the data. The results show the importance of situation awareness to avoid wasting recourses. A number of characteristics of the situational information provided and how this information may be used to optimize the system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Laptaned, Ungul. "Understanding situation awareness in virtual and synthetic environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396794.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sharma, Sidharth. "Dynamic wireless network planning based on situation awareness." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412930.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Roberts, Ruby Clyde. "Staying in the zone : offshore drillers' situation awareness." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229394.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

LUNA, BIANCA JOY. "MEDIA AND SITUATION AWARENESS: GANG RAPE IN INDIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613249.

Full text

Abstract:

In December 2012 a brutal gang rape occurred in New Delhi India that would inspire protests and social outrage over how women are viewed in not just India, but across the world. Playing a large role in raising awareness of this rape and the issue of women’s rights was the globalized media. When the case initially broke, it was treated as mundane news, but after large international media outlets began reporting on it, people began to take notice to not only that particular gang rape, but the historical trend of rape that India and many other countries have. The purpose of this project is to follow the development of news reports with the reactions of the general public and government officials and identify how the media influences how the people and the government will react.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Frazao, Rodrigo José Albuquerque. "PMU based situation awareness for smart distribution grids." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT061/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Une infrastructure robuste de surveillance basée sur des mesures numériques classiques est souvent utilisée pour permettre une gestion efficace du réseau de distribution électrique, néanmoins les mesures de phaseurs synchronisés, également connu comme synchrophaseurs, sont particulièrement efficaces pour améliorer la capacité de gestion et la surveillance de ces réseaux. Le synchrophaseur est un phaseur numériquement calculé à partir des échantillons de données en utilisant une source temporelle absolue pour un horodatage extrêmement précis des mesures effectuées.De ce fait, les applications des synchrophaseurs sont très nombreuses dans les réseaux électriques, en particulier dans les réseaux de transport. Ils permettent notamment de mesurer la différence angulaire entre les noeuds, l'estimation d'état linéaire, détecter l'îlotage, surveiller la stabilité oscillatoire, et détecter et identifier les défauts. Ainsi, nous pourrions être amenés à croire que pour apporter les avantages bien connus des mesures synchronisées vers les réseaux de distribution électriques, il serait seulement nécessaire de placer les Unités de Mesure de Phaseur, également connu par l'abréviation anglophone PMU, d'une manière directe dans l'environnement de la distribution électrique. Malheureusement, cette tâchen'est pas aussi évidente qu'elle n'y paraît.Les réseaux de distribution électriques et les réseaux de transport ont des caractéristiques opérationnelles différentes, donc les PMUs dédiées aux réseaux de distribution doivent avoir des caractéristiques différentes de celles consacrées aux réseaux haute tension. Les réseaux de distribution intelligents possèdent des longueurs de ligne plus courtes en produisant une ouverture angulaire plus petite entre les noeuds adjacents. En outre, le contenu harmonique élevé et la déviation en fréquence imposent aussi des défis pour l'estimation des phaseurs. Les appareils synchronisés avancés dédiés pour la surveillance du réseau de distribution doivent surmonter ces défis afin de mener la précision des mesures au-delà des exigences actuelles.Cette problématique globale est traitée et évaluée dans la présente thèse. La précision de l'estimation de phaseur est directement liée à la performance de l'algorithme utilisé pour traiter les données. Une grande robustesse contre les effets pernicieux qui peuvent dégrader la qualité des estimations est fortement souhaitée. De ce fait, trois algorithmes adaptifs en fréquence sont présentés en visant l'amélioration du processus d'estimation des mesures de phaseurs dans les réseaux de distribution actifs. Plusieurs simulations en utilisant des signaux corrompus sont réalisées pour évaluer leurs performances dans des conditions statiques et/ou dynamiques.Prenant en compte l'estimation précise des phaseurs, quatre applications potentielles sont présentées pour augmenter la perception, la compréhension et la projection des actions dans les réseaux de distribution. Des contributions sont apportées concernant le circuit équivalent de Thévenin vu par le point de couplage commun (PCC) entre la production décentralisée et les réseaux de distribution. Des contributions sont également apportées pour les équivalents dynamiques externes et l'évaluation de la chute de tension dans les réseaux moyenne-tension radiaux, ainsi que l'évaluation de la problématique des harmoniques pour l'amélioration de la méthode classique nomée PH (puissance active harmonique) pour détecter à la fois la principale source de pollution harmonique et le vrai flux de puissance harmonique sous déviation en fréquence.Le sujet des mesures de phaseurs synchronisés dans le réseaux électrique de distribution est encore peu exploré et les questionnements quant à son applicabilité sont communs, néanmoins cette thèse vise à fournir des propositions pour contribuer à l'avènement de mesures de phaseurs dans l'environnement de la distribution électrique
Robust metering infrastructure based on classical digital measurements has been used to enable a comprehensive power distribution network management, however synchronized phasor measurements, also known as synchrophasors, are especially welcome to improve the overall framework capabilities. Synchrophasor is a phasor digitally computed from data samples using an absolute and accuracy time source as reference. In this way, since the absolute time source has sufficient accuracy to synchronize voltage and current measurements at geographically distant locations, it is possible to extract valuable informations of the real grid operating status without full knowledge of its characteristics.Due to this fact, applications of synchronized phasor measurements in wide-area management systems (WAMSs) have been achieved. Angular separation, linear state estimation, islanding detection, oscillatory stability, and disturbance location identification are some of the several applications that have been proposed. Thus, we could be lead to believe that to bring the well-known benefits of the synchronized measurements toward electric distribution grids it is only required to place in a straightforward manner conventional Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) into the electric distribution environment. Unfortunately, this is not as simple as it seems.Electric power distribution systems and high-voltage power systems have different operational characteristics, hence PMUs or PMU-enabled IEDs dedicated to distribution systems should have different features from those devoted to the high-voltage systems. Active distribution grids with shorter line lengths produce smaller angular aperture between their adjacent busbars. In addition, high harmonic content and frequency deviation impose more challenges for estimating phasors. Generally, frequency deviation is related to high-voltage power systems, however, due to the interconnected nature of the overall power system, frequency deviation can be propagated toward the distribution grid. The integration of multiple high-rate DERs with poor control capabilities can also impose local frequency drift. Advanced synchronized devices dedicated to smart monitoring framework must overcome these challenges in order to lead the measurement accuracy beyond the levels stipulated by current standard requirements.This overall problematic is treated and evaluated in the present thesis. Phasor estimation accuracy is directly related to the algorithm's performance used for processing the incoming data. Robustness against pernicious effects that can degrade the quality of the estimates is highly desired. Due to this fact, three frequency-adaptive algorithms are presented aiming to boost the phasor estimation process in active distribution grids. Several simulations using spurious and distorted signals are performed for evaluating their performances under static and/or dynamic conditions.Taking into account accurate phasor estimates, four potential applications are presented seeking to increase situational awareness in distribution environment. Contributions are presented concerning online Thévenin's equivalent (TE) circuit seen by the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) between DERs and the grid side, dynamic external equivalents and online three-phase voltage drop assessment in primary radial distribution grids, as well as assessment of harmonic issues for improving the classical PH method (harmonic active power) to detect both the main source of harmonic pollution and true power flow direction under frequency deviation.The issue of synchronized phasor measurements in electric power distribution systems is still underexplored and suspicions about its applicability are common, however this thesis aims to provide propositions to contribute with the advent of phasor measurements in electric distribution environment

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sørensen, Linda Johnstone. "Distributed situation awareness : experimental studies into team work." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355965/.

Full text

Abstract:

For Command and Control teams Situation Awareness forms an important part of their ability to execute their tasks. It is therefore a crucial consideration in Command and Control systems to understand how best to support and design these systems. Despite a considerable amount of attention since the 1980s no consensus has yet been reached concerning the nature of team SA. Three schools of thought on SA: the Individualistic, the Engineering and the System Ergonomics, provide three different approaches to understanding the phenomenon of SA and its measurement. This thesis argues that the System Ergonomics school of thought, with the theory of Distributed SA, provides the most resilient approach to understanding team SA. This thesis advances and validates the theory of Distributed SA. A review of SA theory is presented, in which particular attention is given to Distributed SA. Drawing on the distributed cognition and systems theories Distributed SA takes the interaction between agents and their environment into account when exploring how SA emerges, followed by a review of measures utilised for assessing Distributed SA. The methods utilised in this work, namely the Critical Decision Method and Communications Analysis, are assessed in terms of their reliability and validity of eliciting Distributed SA. The findings suggested that methods to assess team SA can be tailored to collect data at different phases of activity. It was concluded that the Hierarchical Task Analysis may be applied before, Communication Analysis during and the Critical Decision Method after Command and Control activity. An experiment was performed to test the assumption that a relationship exists between organisational structure and team performance and between Distributed SA and team performance. Conclusive differences were found between different organisational structures and performance lending support to the literature. Distributed SA was found to be strongly correlated with good task performance and moderately negatively correlated with poor task performance. The relationship appeared to be mediated by organisational structure. Furthermore, a series of case studies are used to explore the components of Distributed SA, i.e. transactional and compatible SA. The analysis showed that more effective teams were characterised by a high volume of communications and had a different pattern of transactions compared to less effective teams. The findings are used to contribute to the existing debate concerning team SA and to advance the theory of Distributed SA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Worrall, Stewart. "Providing situation awareness in complex multi-vehicle operations." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18222.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis addresses the problem of safety in complex multi-vehicle interactions, initially in the domain of the mining industry. Operating a vehicle in a mining environment can be particularly dangerous due to the difficult environment, lack of visibility from the vehicle cabin, long shifts and many other factors that result in many accidents and near misses each year. The state of the art in vehicle safety systems do not address all of these problems. Current systems lack the ability to effectively determine the risks and threats that are important, and to be able to communicate these to an operator in a complex situation. This thesis introduces the concept of situation awareness into the mining domain. Situation awareness provides a model of the way humans take in information from their surroundings, process this information and predict the future state of the environment. Human error in vehicle accidents can be attributed to deficiencies in one or more of these components. The aim of a safety system is to improve situation awareness, while minimising or eliminating the negative impact on situation awareness caused by the introduction of the technology. The requirements for determining and distributing vehicle state information are examined and tested. The concept of context is introduced as a means of filtering out unnecessary information and false alarms to the operator, as well as providing higher level information that requires less mental bandwidth to process. This is important as false alarms and unnecessary information annoys the operators and distracts them from the important task of controlling the vehicle. The quality of the vehicle state information is shown to be improved using localisation algorithms introduced in this thesis. These algorithms utilise the context information, digitised maps and a model of the vehicle dynamics to estimate and predict vehicle state information. The theory and testing of these algorithms are an important contribution of this thesis. The methods of providing feedback to the operator are introduced, and the role of assistive, reactive and preventative feedback is discussed. A measure of vehicle safety is provided using metrics based on the known safe rules of operation within a mine. An important contribution of this thesis is the real time feedback of safety performance based on these metrics which are known to contribute to the risk of an accident. Comprehensive experimental results are provided for the concepts introduced in this thesis from system installations in several mines in Australia and Indonesia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gilliam, Billy Paul. "Threat Intelligence in Support of Cyber Situation Awareness." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4493.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite technological advances in the information security field, attacks by unauthorized individuals and groups continue to penetrate defenses. Due to the rapidly changing environment of the Internet, the appearance of newly developed malicious software or attack techniques accelerates while security professionals continue in a reactive posture with limited time for identifying new threats. The problem addressed in this study was the perceived value of threat intelligence as a proactive process for information security. The purpose of this study was to explore how situation awareness is enhanced by receiving advanced intelligence reports resulting in better decision-making for proper response to security threats. Using a qualitative case study methodology a purposeful sample of 13 information security professionals were individually interviewed and the data analyzed through Nvivo 11 analytical software. The research questions addressed threat intelligence and its impact on the security analyst's cognitive situation awareness. Analysis of the data collected indicated that threat intelligence may enhance the security analyst's situation awareness, as supported in the general literature. In addition, this study showed that the differences in sources or the lack of an intelligence program may have a negative impact on determining the proper security response in a timely manner. The implications for positive social change include providing leaders with greater awareness through threat intelligence of ways to minimize the effects of cyber attacks, which may result in increasing business and consumer confidence in the protection of personal and confidential information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Eliasson, Emanuel. "Fusing Laser and Radar Data for Enhanced Situation Awareness." Thesis, Linköping University, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57928.

Full text

Abstract:

With an increasing traffic intensity the demands on vehicular safety is higher than ever before. Active safety systems that have been developed recent years are a response to that. In this master thesis Sensor Fusion is used to combine information from a laser scanner and a microwave radar in order to get more information about the surroundings in front of a vehicle. The Extended Kalman Filter method has been used to fuse the information from the sensors. The process model consists partly of a Constant Turn model to describe the motion of the ego vehicle as well as a tracked object. These individual motions are then put together in a framework for spatial relationships to describe the relationship between them. Two measurement models have been used to describe the two sensors. They have been derived from a general sensor model. This filter approach has been used to estimate the position and orientation of an object relative the ego vehicle. Also velocity, yaw rate and the width of the object have been estimated. The filter has been implemented and simulated in Matlab. The data that has been recorded and used in this work is coming from a scenario where the ego vehicle is following an object in a quite straight line. Where the ego vehicle is a truck and the object is a bus. One important conclusion from this work is that the filter is sensitive to the number of laser beams that hits the object of interest. No qualitative validation has been made though.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Silva, Hector I. "On the measurement of situation awareness in petrochemical refining." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597793.

Full text

Abstract:

The petrochemical field is an industry seeking to increase efficiency, improve safety of workers, and lessen environmental impacts (U.S. Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board, 2007). One way to improve the performance of operators is to investigate their situation awareness (SA). Research has shown that SA is a predictor of performance (Durso et al., 1999). However, there is little consensus on how to measure SA. This study investigated two prominent techniques for measuring SA: the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM; Durso & Dattel, 2004) and the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT; Endsley, 1995b). These two techniques were examined for their psychometric properties in assessing SA among operators. The results of this investigation showed that probe-type SA techniques can be used to assess SA in this field. This especially applies to the SPAM technique, which was shown to predict performance, not intrude, and was preferred by a majority of operators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hong, Kirak. "A distributed framework for situation awareness on camera networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52263.

Full text

Abstract:

With the proliferation of cameras and advanced video analytics, situation awareness applications that automatically generate actionable knowledge from live camera streams has become an important class of applications in various domains including surveillance, marketing, sports, health care, and traffic monitoring. However, despite the wide range of use cases, developing those applications on large-scale camera networks is extremely challenging because it involves both compute- and data-intensive workloads, has latency-sensitive quality of service requirement, and deals with inherent dynamism (e.g., number of faces detected in a certain area) from the real world. To support developing large-scale situation awareness applications, this dissertation presents a distributed framework that makes two key contributions: 1) it provides a programming model that ensures scalability of applications and 2) it supports low-latency computation and dynamic workload handling through opportunistic event processing and workload distribution over different locations and network hierarchy. To provide a scalable programming model, two programming abstractions for different levels of application logic are proposed: the first abstraction at the level of real-time target detection and tracking, and the second abstraction for answering spatio-temporal queries at a higher level. The first programming abstraction, Target Container (TC), elevates target as a first-class citizen, allowing domain experts to simply provide handlers for detection, tracking, and comparison of targets. With those handlers, TC runtime system performs priority-aware scheduling to ensure real-time tracking of important targets when resources are not enough to track all targets. The second abstraction, Spatio-temporal Analysis (STA) supports applications to answer queries related to space, time, and occupants using a global state transition table and probabilistic events. To ensure scalability, STA supports bounded communication overhead of state update by providing tuning parameters for the information propagation among distributed workers. The second part of this work explores two optimization strategies that reduce latency for stream processing and handle dynamic workload. The first strategy, an opportunistic event processing mechanism, performs event processing on predicted locations to provide just-in-time situational information to mobile users. Since location prediction algorithms are inherently inaccurate, the system selects multiple regions using a greedy algorithm to provide highly meaningful information at the given amount of computing resources. The second strategy is to distribute application workload over computing resources that are placed at different locations and various levels of network hierarchy. To support this strategy, the framework provides hierarchical communication primitives and a decentralized resource discovery protocol that allow scalable and highly adaptive load balancing over space and time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bae, Magnus Skomsøy. "Situation Awareness and Gamification for Driver assistance on Railways." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27055.

Full text

Abstract:

Rail companies are increasingly investing in information systems thatcontribute to reducing energy consumption and increasing punctuality by telling the train driver at which speed to drive. Thesedriver advisorysystems do little to make the train driver understand why the advice is givenand existing research suggests that increasing the train drivers awareness ofthe traffic around them could have positive effects on the acceptance of theadvice given by driver advisory systems, while also increasing the traindrivers understanding of the current situation and projection of future state, their situationalawareness. There also seems to be room for increasing train drivers motivation to followthe advice of driver advisory systems by motivating them to be punctual. Gamification is aset of concepts that are often used with success to increase system usage anduser interaction and can be a promising way of motivating train driversThis Thesis shows that the situational awareness of train drivers can be supported by designing and prototyping a system that fills this gap in current research by visualizing live traffic. The thesis also defines a framework forconstructive use of gamification targeted towards making train drivers reflectover own driving styles and motivating towards punctuality.The scientific contributions of this thesis are:C1: A novel framework for applying gamification to support reflection and increase train drivers intrinsic motivation to be punctual.C2: A prototypical example of how the situational awareness of train drivers can be supported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Midenby, Johan. "Situation Awareness, en jämförelse mellan SPL, MCPP och COPD." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7520.

Full text

Abstract:

Att utveckla och bibehålla situation awareness (SA) är en av de mest kritiska utmaningar i en stab i dagens konflikter. Det får avgörande betydelse för utgången av en konflikt. Om SA hanteras eller förstås felaktigt kan det leda till ökat mänskligt lidande i konfliktområden och förluster av människoliv. Det ökande internationella samarbetet gör att planeringsofficeren förutsätts kunna hantera flera olika processer. Syftet med uppsatsen var att jämföra och belysa skillnader hur SA skapas inom olika planeringsprocesser, samt vad försvårar utväxlingen av SA mellan processerna. Detta återspeglas i form av likheter och skillnader mellan planeringsmodellerna SPL, MCPP och COPD. Resultatet visar att det fanns stor likhet mellan processerna men det fanns också avgörande skillnader. I SA nivå 1 fanns en diskrepans mellan begreppen Centre of Gravity, caveats och gender. I SA nivå 2 skiljer bearbetningsprocesserna mellan planeringsmodellerna. I SA nivå 3 fanns den största och mest avgörande skillnaden där det kan konstateras att planeringsprocesserna inte utgår från samma byggstenar när det gäller att bygga planen. Medvetenhet och insikt för de olika planeringsprocessernas särart minskar risken för missförstånd.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Nusinov, Michael Cooper. "Visualizing threat and impact assessment to improve situation awareness /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11245.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Dishman, Deniz. "Adaptation and Validation of the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique for Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5748.

Full text

Abstract:

Anesthesia is a health care specialty fraught with high workload demands, stressful work environments, increased production pressure, work areas with many distractions, an increasing use of advanced technology, and the constant need to prioritize work actions. Effective clinical judgment in this dynamic environment necessitates that the provider demonstrate the ability to project what may occur secondary to actual or potential condition changes. These key elements operationalize situation awareness (SA). High level SA is an important characteristic for the successful development of student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs). With Endsley’s “Theory of Situation Awareness” as the foundation, the goal of this study was to adapt and validate the “Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique” (SAGAT), to quantify SRNAs' SA during a specific simulated anesthesia event. With IRB approval, purposeful sampling identified a group of CRNA, nurse educator subjects and an exploratory sequential mixed methods design utilized. Delphi methods during qualitative data collection and validation used a seven-member sample. Content analysis resulted in items for the adapted SAGAT. Quantitative methods utilized data collected from a second 40-member sample yielding item content validity and scale content validity indices (S-CVI/Ave. 0.92). Additionally, exploratory factor analysis provided further reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.937. Findings revealed that a SAGAT specific to the anesthesia domain and the SRNA subgroup was amenable to adaptation and validation, providing positive implications in SRNA education and training. Additionally, results support the further adaptation, validation, and use of this instrument in other anesthetic content areas, as well as other health care domains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Pesavento, Luca. "Evaluating Situation Awareness Oriented Design Principles as a Design Tool." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169634.

Full text

Abstract:

In critical scenarios such as power plant management or air traffic control, human errors can have critical consequences. It is therefore a key concern that operators have a clear understanding of the situation at hand. Providing high situation awareness when designing interactive systems for these users is an important concern: many factors need to be considered to avoid hazardous conditions. Situation Awareness Oriented Design (SAOD) is a design methodology that makes use of design principles as tools to guide designers in creating or adapting systems for achieving outstanding situation awareness. This study focuses on what problems arise when using a selection of SAOD principles as the principal tool in the design process. The research was carried out using a research-through- design methodology, where SAOD principles were employed for the design of D4SH, an interactive overview system in the maritime scope of remote service centres. The results indicate four problems that might occur in the design process by using these principles. First, principles did not help in making design decisions. Second, at times they indirectly conflicted with one another when having to make a choice. Third, grounded user analysis was needed for the correct use of the principles. Fourth, in some instances principles highlighted a problem without offering a desirable solution. Therefore, the validity of principles in the various phases of design is questioned, and some implications of using the principles as a complementary design tool are suggested. In conclusion, it is argued that the problems encountered are a necessary trade-off for having a powerful framework that can be successfully used in many contexts for situation awareness.
I kritiska situationer, såsom kraftverkshantering eller flyplansledning, kan mänskliga fel ha allvarliga konsekvenser. Det är därför viktigt att tekniska operatörer har en god uppfattning av den aktuella situationen. En nyckelfråga då interaktiva system för dessa användare designas är därför att tillhandahålla en hög situationsmedvetenhet, där många faktorer beaktas för att undvika farliga situationer. Situation Awareness Oriented Design (SAOD) är en metodik som använder designprinciper som vägledning då system anpassas för att tillhandahålla god situationsmedvetenhet. I denna studie undersöks vilka problem som uppstår när man använder ett urval av SAOD-principer som det främsta verktyget i designprocessen. Forskningen genomfördes med hjälp av en designmetodik där SAOD-principer användes för att utforma D4SH, ett interaktivt översiktsystem för servicecenter inom den marina sektorn. Studiens resultat indikerar fyra problem som kan uppstå genom att använda dessa principer i en designprocess. Först och främst upplevdes principerna inte underlätta designbeslut. För det andra var principerna indirekt motsägelsefulla då ett beslut skulle fattas. För det tredje behövdes en grundläggande användaranalys för att använda principerna korrekt. För det fjärde belyste principerna i vissa lägen problem utan att erbjuda en önskvärd lösning. Baserat på detta ifrågasätts principernas giltighet och konsekvenser av att använda principerna som ett kompletterande designverktyg föreslås. Slutsatsen av studien hävdar att problemen som identifieras är en nödvändig kompromiss för att kunna erbjuda en kraftfull ram, som framgångsrikt kan användas i många sammanhang för att tillhandahålla situationsmedvetenhet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nwiabu, Nuka D. "Situation awareness approach to context-aware case-based decision support." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/791.

Full text

Abstract:

Context-aware case-based decision support systems (CACBDSS) use the context of users as one of the features for similarity assessment to provide solutions to problems. The combination of a context-aware case-based reasoning (CBR) with general domain knowledge has been shown to improve similarity assessment, solving domain specific problems and problems of uncertain knowledge. Whilst these CBR approaches in context awareness address problems of incomplete data and domain specific problems, future problems that are situation-dependent cannot be anticipated due to lack of data by the CACBDSS to make predictions. Future problems can be predicted through situation awareness (SA), a psychological concept of knowing what is happening around you in order to know the future. The work conducted in this thesis explores the incorporation of SA to CACBDSS. It develops a framework to decouple the interface and underlying data model using an iterative research and design methodology. Two new approaches of using situation awareness to enhance CACBDSS are presented: (1) situation awareness as a problem identification component of CACBDSS (2) situation awareness for both problem identification and solving in CACBDSS. The first approach comprises of two distinct parts; SA, and CBR parts. The SA part understands the problem by using rules to interpret cues from the environment and users. The CBR part uses the knowledge from the SA part to provide solutions. The second approach is a fusion of the two technologies into a single case-based situation awareness (CBSA) model for situation awareness based on experience rather than rule, and problem solving predictions. The CBSA system perceives the users’ context and the environment and uses them to understand the current situation by retrieving similar past situations. The futures of new situations are predicted through knowledge of the history of similar past situations. Implementation of the two approaches in flow assurance control domain to predict the formation of hydrate shows improvements in both similarity assessment and problem solving predictions compared to CACBDSS without SA. Specifically, the second approach provides an improved decision support in scenarios where there are experienced situations. In the absence of experienced situations, the second approach offers more reliable solutions because of its rule-based capability. The adaptation of the user interface of the approaches to the current situation and the presentation of a reusable sequence of tasks in the situation reduces memory loads on operators. The integrated research-design methodology used in realising these approaches links theory and practice, thinking and doing, achieving practical as well as research objectives. The action research with practitioners provided the understanding of the domain activities, the social settings, resources, and goals of users. The user-centered design process ensures an understanding of the users. The agile development model ensures an iterative work, enables faster development of a functional prototype, which are more easily communicated and tested, thus giving better input for the next iteration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Grigoleit, Tristan Robert Ernest. "Toward a descriptive measure of situation awareness in petrochemical refining." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596974.

Full text

Abstract:

The field of petrochemical refining could prevent incidents and improve processes through the application of measures of Situation Awareness (SA). Currently there are multiple measures of SA, with the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) and the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM) being the most promising based on a number of theoretical and objective assessments. As researchers seek to apply measures of SA to the field of petrochemical refining, they will need more information on the applicability of these measures. To this end, this research sought to examine specific objective qualities of SAGAT and SPAM when used to assess petrochemical plant operator SA in a medium fidelity simulator. Hydrocracking plant operators participated in a simulation of a loss of hydrogen to their simulated plant, where SA was assessed in addition to a set of performance variables, and workload. Results of this investigation showed SAGAT Accuracies to be predictive of certain performance variables. Although SPAM and SAGAT were not sensitive to differences in task workload, neither measure was significantly intrusive on primary task performance suggesting that these metrics can be used in future experiments in petrochemical refining.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Thom, Dennis [Verfasser]. "Visual Analytics of Social Media for Situation Awareness / Dennis Thom." Berlin : epubli GmbH, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074330730/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sosa, Tina M. D. "Optimizing Situation Awareness to Identify and Mitigate Inpatient Clinical Deterioration." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623242068876986.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Key, C. E. James. "The comparative Situation Awareness performance of older (to younger) drivers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24196.

Full text

Abstract:

The overall aim of this thesis is to corroborate whether the Situation Awareness (SA) of older drivers is deficient to that of younger driving groups, due to the onset of age-related cognitive decrements. This is important to ascertain due to a presumed linkage between the concept and accident causation. In addition, the research undertaken to date to investigate this linkage has exclusively utilised rather artificial driving simulators and simulations. Thus there is a need for data from more ecologically valid methods. The research studies reported here have sought to preference on-road assessments (of different complexity), and to capture what information was selectively perceived, comprehended and reacted to; rather than, as in previous work, what was recalled. To achieve this, a Think aloud methodology was chosen to produce narratives of a driver s thoughts. This method was advantageously unobtrusiveness, but also flexible - it could additionally be used to compare an individual's SA to a driving performance measure, Hazard Perception. The driving-based studies undertaken found that for a relatively non-taxing route, an older driver group could produce cohesive awareness in parity with a younger driver group. However, the concepts from which that awareness was based upon drew more on general, direction based, concepts, in contrast to the younger group s focus on more specific, action based, concepts, and rearward and safety-related cues. For a more cognitively taxing route, the younger group produced significantly higher (p < 0.024) individual SA-related scores than their older counterparts. But the concepts/cues both groups relied upon remained similar - particularly in regards to the ratio of those indicative of a rearward and/or a safety-related focus. In a video-based study, however, and in contrast, the older driver group s SA scores improved sufficient to outperform a younger group, but, despite this, not for video-based scores indicative of Hazard Perception (HP). In this latter regard, age-related decrements appeared to be more influential, as the older group felt they were under time pressure during a HP test. However, the difficulty this presented appeared to advantageously bring more attention and effort to the task, which were argued as important factors for the uplift in their SA scoring. The thesis also showed that older groups judgement of the actual complexity of a driving task could potentially be deficient to that of younger driver groups. This could cause problems as incorrect perceptions could deflate the relevance and cohesiveness of information being processing. In contrast, the perceived complexity of a task could bring a rise or fall in SA score for both groups. Such results raised questions as to the impact of cognitive decrements, relative to task difficulty and related effort whilst driving. It also provided evidence that Situation Awareness, rather than being uniformly good or bad, could, like any other psychological construct, be prone to change. These aspects were drawn together in a proposed model of driving SA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Desai, Pratikkumar. "A Semantic Situation Awareness Framework for Indoor Cyber-Physical Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1369680833.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wright, Suzanne. "Predictors of Situation Awareness in Graduate Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2014.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT PREDICTORS OF SITUATION AWARENESS IN GRADUATE STUDENT REGISTERED NURSE ANESTHETISTS Suzanne M. Wright, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: J. James Cotter, Ph.D. Situation awareness (SA) is defined as one’s perception of the elements of the environment, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future. Stated more simply, SA is knowing what is going on around you. The concept of SA is well known in the field of aviation which is characterized by complexity and dynamism. The discipline of anesthesia shares these same characteristics, yet the study of SA in this setting is in its infancy. Human error has been implicated in nearly 80% of all preventable medical errors. It is well documented that lack of SA frequently contributes to human error. Although the discipline of anesthesia has led the medical field in patient safety through rigorous study of human error and adverse events in the operating room, crises in anesthesia still exist. Nurse anesthetists should possess the ability to acquire and maintain SA at all times during clinical situations in the operating room, yet there are no studies examining SA in this population. Guided by Endsley’s theory of situation awareness, the purpose of this study was to provide nurse anesthesia educators with a best evidence predictor model of SA in GSRNAs for curricular implementation. The study objectives are to determine: a) the extent to which memory, cognition, and automaticity are related to situation awareness, b) the extent to which any relationship amongst memory, cognition, and automaticity mediates their relationship with situation awareness, and c) the extent to which Endsley’s theory of situation awareness is supported in the GSRNA population. After IRB approval, 71 GSRNAs were randomly selected from each of three universities chosen for this study. A non-experimental, correlational design was used to measure the relationship between memory, cognition, and automaticity and SA. Situation awareness was measured by the WOMBAT-CS, a computer-based assessment tool for evaluating SA in complex-system operators such as pilots, air traffic controllers, and anesthetists. A stepwise multiple regression was performed between the GSRNA attributes and SA scores. Beta-weights were used to identify the magnitude each relationship. Findings from this study revealed that cognition best predicts SA in the population of Graduate Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists, with the addition of memory and automaticity contributing no additional predictive value to the model. The results of this study have the potential to make a positive impact on the education and training of GSRNAs. Additionally, this study may provide foundational support for further research directed at assessing the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulated operating room environments in promoting SA in GSRNAs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

McQuaid, Michael Joseph. "The impact of time-based text visualization on situation awareness." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290011.

Full text

Abstract:

Overabundance of information has been well documented as a drag on human performance. Theoretical constructs such as visual dominance have led to visualization systems as a palliative, integrating cumbersome amounts of incoming data into more tractable forms. Most such systems have accepted only numerical inputs. I designed, developed, and evaluated a time-based visualization system for textual information, using situation awareness theory to evaluate the system. The system analyzes texts, such as emails and instant messages, as they arrive on the desktop and presents a labeled display, using suffix tree clustering and multidimensional scaling, of similarity between texts, updated as the mix of incoming texts changes. The system aids decision makers subject to information overload. I evaluated the system's performance under a simulated crisis in which groups of 30 students played the role of advisors to the University president during a recreation of an actual campus shooting. Half of the students used the visualization system to receive input, while half used a competing text-based system. Subjects were evaluated using an instrument drawn from situation awareness theory and found to achieve higher levels of situation awareness using the visualization system. Additional measures collected provide some guidelines for design of text-oriented, time-based visualization systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zuo, Y. (Yifei). "Mobile Application to support fuel-efficient driving through situation awareness." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201706022491.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Situation awareness is usually conceptualized as design and implementation principles for safety critical industries like aviation or military. Finland was one of the first countries in the world to establish an intelligent transport systems (ITS) strategy in 2009. Increasing the situation awareness in traffic is regarded as one of the means to implement the strategy. In the theoretical part of this thesis, we explore the use of situation awareness and context awareness in intelligent transport systems. Particularly, the thesis focuses on summarizing proper design and evaluation principles to provide situation awareness support for fuel efficient driving. These guidelines were exploited in implementing a mobile application, called Driving Coach Mobile Application in the practical part of the thesis. The purpose of the application is to provide awareness to the drivers about how they can save fuel. Driving Coach Mobile Application’s accordance of design and implementation principles to situation awareness support is validated by user study with simulated data focused on usability, usefulness and fuel efficiency awareness support. The results of this thesis can be used in fleet management planning, city planning as well as in personal driving, for example.Tilannetietoinen mobiilisovellus polttoainetaloudellisen ajamisen tueksi. Tiivistelmä. Turvallisuuskriittisissä teollisuuden osa-alueissa kuten ilmailussa tai sotilaallisessa toiminnassa, eri toimijoiden tilannetietoisuuden parantamiseen tähtäävät suunnittelu- sekä toteutusperiaatteet ovat olleet merkittävässä roolissa jo pitkään. Suomi oli maailman ensimmäisiä maita, jotka julkistivat älykkään liikenteen strategian jo vuonna 2009. Tilannetietoisuuden parantaminen liikenteessä on edelleen eräs tämän strategian toimeenpanomuoto. Tämän työn teoreettisessa osassa tutkitaan avulla tilannetietoisuuden sekä toimintatilanteesta tietoisuuden soveltamista älyliikenteessä. Erityisesti tarkastellaan suunnittelu- sekä evaluointiperiaatteita polttoainetalouden tehokkuuden lisäämiselle tilannetietoisuuden avulla. Työn käytännön osuudessa sovellettiin näitä periaatteita mobiilisovelluksen toteuttamiseksi. Mobiilisovellus tukee kuljettajien polttoainetehokkaampaa ajamista. Sovellus testattiin käytettävyyden, hyödyllisyyden sekä polttoainetehokkaan ajamisen tuen suhteen. Sovellusta voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi kaupunkisuunnittelussa, autokannan toiminnan tarkkailemisessa tai vaikka henkilökohtaisen ajotavan arvioinnissa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

D'Aniello, Giuseppe. "Cognitive Models and Computational Approaches for improving Situation Awareness Systems." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2018. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4248.

Full text

Abstract:

2016 - 2017
The world of Internet of Things is pervaded by complex environments with smart services available every time and everywhere. In such a context, a serious open issue is the capability of information systems to support adaptive and collaborative decision processes in perceiving and elaborating huge amounts of data. This requires the design and realization of novel socio-technical systems based on the “human-in-the-loop” paradigm. The presence of both humans and software in such systems demands for adequate levels of Situation Awareness (SA). To achieve and maintain proper levels of SA is a daunting task due to the intrinsic technical characteristics of systems and the limitations of human cognitive mechanisms. In the scientific literature, such issues hindering the SA formation process are defined as SA demons. The objective of this research is to contribute to the resolution of the SA demons by means of the identification of information processing paradigms for an original support to the SA and the definition of new theoretical and practical approaches based on cognitive models and computational techniques. The research work starts with an in-depth analysis and some preliminary verifications of methods, techniques, and systems of SA. A major outcome of this analysis is that there is only a limited use of the Granular Computing paradigm (GrC) in the SA field, despite the fact that SA and GrC share many concepts and principles. The research work continues with the definition of contributions and original results for the resolution of significant SA demons, exploiting some of the approaches identified in the analysis phase (i.e., ontologies, data mining, and GrC). The first contribution addresses the issues related to the bad perception of data by users. We propose a semantic approach for the quality-aware sensor data management which uses a data imputation technique based on association rule mining. The second contribution proposes an original ontological approach to situation management, namely the Adaptive Goal-driven Situation Management. The approach uses the ontological modeling of goals and situations and a mechanism that suggests the most relevant goals to the users at a given moment. Lastly, the adoption of the GrC paradigm allows the definition of a novel model for representing and reasoning on situations based on a set theoretical framework. This model has been instantiated using the rough sets theory. The proposed approaches and models have been implemented in prototypical systems. Their capabilities in improving SA in real applications have been evaluated with typical methodologies used for SA systems. [edited by Author]
XXX ciclo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nikolla, Dritan. "Situation awareness, emotions and time perception : an investigation of the effects of emotions on measures of situation awareness, the perception of time, and decision making." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/6372/.

Full text

Abstract:

Current theories of Situation Awareness (SA) are based on three broad cognitive processes, that of perception, comprehension and projection. While there are considerable variations on how SA is defined and subsequently modeled (see Endsley 1995, Hancock & Smith 1995 or Edgar & Edgar 2007), most current theories fail to account for the role and influence of emotions on SA. A further shared characteristic of the current models is the lack of integration of SA theories with the ever-increasing knowledge of the functional specializations of different brain areas. This thesis' main aim was to bridge these gaps by integrating current developments from neuroscience and cognitive psychology with perception, learning and decision-making aspects of SA, all within the context of different affective conditions. The experiments described in this thesis, therefore, share a focus on the emotional effects on the aforementioned cognitive processes as well as detection of possible neural signatures as reflected by Electroencephalography (EEG) recording. The first experiment showed that negative, neutral and positive affective conditions had markedly different effects on the processes of SA. Subsequently, the next three experiments focused on the effects of emotions in a particular aspect of SA, that of decision making, and attempted to isolate the EEG correlates of advantageous and disadvantageous decision-making processes. It was found that about 400 to 300 milliseconds (denoted as SM400) prior to enacting a decision, the EEG recording was able to distinguish between the advantageous and disadvantageous choices. Finally, the last three experiments investigated the mechanisms by which emotions exert their influence on how information is perceived and learned. It was found that negative and positive affective stimuli dilated and contracted the perception of time respectively and that, furthermore, the processing of negative stimuli is based more on long-term memory as opposed to working memory. The research in this thesis suggests that what kind of SA one person may have is very much affected by emotional processes. This thesis hopes to have contributed to an initial understanding of these processes and stimulate further research on these areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Woller, Margo M. "The making of D-SAT : the development and testing of Dynamic Situation Awareness Task." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4249.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Henderson, Simon Thornton Aviation Faculty of Science UNSW. "Frames in the flight deck: a sociological approach to situation awareness." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Aviation, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40907.

Full text

Abstract:

Situation Awareness (SA) is the aviation term for the construct describing how actors extract meaning and make sense of their dynamically changing environment. Within the aviation domain, it is broadly acknowledged that SA plays a crucial role for pilots in coping with hazardous situations and its loss is cited as a significant factor in aircraft accidents and incidents. A broad range of psychologically based theories has been applied to conceptualise SA. The aim of this research thesis is to develop an alternative, sociologically based approach, largely drawn from Erving Goffman??s (1974) Frame Analysis, and assess whether it can be used to effectively describe, analyse and discuss SA. An open observation method was used to collect data in the flight deck during ten commercial international flight sectors conducted in an advanced wide-body aircraft. A running narrative of flight activity and associated context was recorded from a purposeful sample of flights operated by consenting flight crews. Data was managed in the NVIVO?? qualitative software analysis program. Strips of activity associated with the establishment or maintenance of SA were identified and examined in accordance with key concepts derived from frame analysis. The results show that key concepts drawn from Goffman??s (1974) frame analysis are able to be applied to the coding and discussion of data. Several emergent themes describe distinct SA behaviours relating to frame establishment and maintenance. These behaviours include; frame confirming, questioning, seeking, setting, proposing, clearing, accepting, reviewing and anticipating. Some unique modifications are made to Goffman??s underlying concepts in order to address specific contextual issues emergent in flight deck operations. SA is supported as a meaningful construct in the aviation domain. This thesis establishes that Goffman??s (1974) general theory of frame analysis supports the major underlying concepts of the specific SA construct. Additionally, a method derived from frame analysis is used to examine and analyse the observed intersubjective SA processes. This analysis also develops several unique perspectives concerning flight crew task performance that have wide ranging implications in procedural design, training and airspace integration. Lastly, practitioner based notions of SA are shown to be equivalent to that of ??frame.??

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Pridmore, Jeannie L. Byrd Terry Anthony. "Designing for the improvement of operator situation awareness In automation systems." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/Management/Dissertation/PRIDMORE_JEANNIE_33.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Mamessier, Sebastien. "A computational approach to situation awareness and mental models in aviation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49119.

Full text

Abstract:

Although most modern, highly-computerized flight decks are known to be robust to small disturbances and failures, humans still play a crucial role in advanced decision making in off-nominal situations, and accidents still occur because of poor human-automation interaction. In addition to the physical state of the environment, operators now have to extend their awareness to the state of the automated flight systems. To guarantee the accuracy of this knowledge, humans need to know the dynamics or approximate versions of the dynamics that rule the automation. The operator's situation awareness can decline because of a deficient mental model of the aircraft and an excessive workload. This work describes the creation of a computational human agent model simulating cognitive constructs such as situation awareness and mental models known to capture the symptoms of poor human-automation interaction and provide insight into more comprehensive metrics supporting the validation of automated systems in aviation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Sneddon, A. "Safety and situation awareness : 'keeping the bubble' in offshore drill crews." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590994.

Full text

Abstract:

Reduced awareness of one’s working environment (situation awareness [SA]) can be an important predictor of industrial accidents. This thesis investigates SA in offshore oil and gas industry drilling crews, and the relationship between performance shaping factors on SA, and incident history. Study One (an incident analysis) found that of the three levels of SA, most incidents (67%) were caused by perceptual level problems. Study Two (interviews with drilling personnel) revealed that the main factors perceived to impact SA were fatigue, stress, workload, and level of experience. Indicators of reduced SA were any unusual change in character of the individual, blank expression, having to give repeated instructions, and a reduction in the work standards of the affected employee. Study Three (a questionnaire study) involved the development of a Work SA (WSA) rating scale, and found that increased stress and fatigue resulted in poorer WSA. Individuals who had experienced an accident during their offshore working history were found to have significantly lower WSA levels than accident-free individuals. The WSA factor of concentration appeared to mediate the relationship between stress and unsafe behaviour, suggesting that stress may cause unsafe worksite behaviour due to lack of concentration. Study Four ( a questionnaire study) found that increased fatigue led to poorer WSA, and individuals working variable shift patterns experienced more fatigue than individuals working fixed shifts. The level of compatibility of shifts with personal circadian rhythms did not appear to influence WSA. Regression analysis indicated that fatigue was the only significant predictor of WSA. Industry often accepts that features such as stress and fatigue exist offshore, but perhaps the finding that these ‘characteristic properties’ are proving to be detrimental to personnel’s awareness levels, and consequent safety and well-being, may encourage companies to reassess them in order to mitigate any potential effects suggested by the present research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Chehade, Samer. "Designing a Customisable Communication System for Situation Awareness in Rescue Operations." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0007.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse porte sur le problème d'awareness et des communications dans les opérations de secours. Nous cherchons à concevoir et à mettre en œuvre un système visant à simplifier les communications dans ces opérations en se basant sur des techniques de représentation sémantique et une personnalisation des usages. Pour être utilisé par les unités opérationnelles, il est essentiel de concevoir un tel système de manière à répondre à leurs besoins. De plus, afin de garantir la confidentialité des informations, il est essentiel d'intégrer des techniques de sécurité. Pour aborder ces aspects, nous proposons une approche pour concevoir les interfaces et les spécifications du système. Cette approche consiste en une méthodologie basée sur cinq étapes. Tout d'abord, nous modélisons les interactions entre les différentes parties sur la base de pratiques opérationnelles. Deuxièmement, nous formalisons ces interactions et connaissances à travers une ontologie d'application. Cette ontologie intègre des concepts liés au domaine du secours, à la conception de systèmes et à la sécurité de l'information. Ensuite, nous présentons une plate-forme pour concevoir le système. Basée sur l'ontologie développée, cette plateforme permettra aux utilisateurs finaux du système de définir leurs spécifications et de concevoir leurs interfaces de manière personnalisée. De plus, nous proposons une politique de contrôle d'accès basée sur l'ontologie proposée. Finalement, nous présentons un cas d’usage de la plateforme proposée
This thesis deals with the problem of awareness and communications in rescue operations. We look forward to designing and implementing a communication system aiming to simplify information sharing in rescue operations based on semantic representation techniques and a customisation of uses. In order to be used by operational units, it is essential to design such a system in a way that meets their practical needs. Moreover, in order to guarantee the privacy of information, it is essential to integrate security techniques in the proposed system. In this consequence, we propose in this thesis a novel approach for defining and designing the system’s interfaces and specifications. This approach consists of a five-step methodology. First, we analyse and model communications and interactions between different stakeholders based on practical operations. Secondly, we formalise those interactions and knowledge through an application ontology. This ontology integrates concepts related to the rescue domain, to the design of systems and to information security. Afterwards, we present ontology-based platform for designing the system. Based on the developed ontology, this platform will allow the end-users of the system to define its specifications and design its interfaces in a customised way. Moreover, we propose an access control and rights management policy based on the proposed ontology. Eventually, we present a use case scenario of the proposed platform

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Zuo, Jian. "The Frequency Monitor Network (FNET) Design and Situation Awareness Algorithm Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26721.

Full text

Abstract:

Wide Area Measurements (WAMs) have been widely used in the energy management system (EMS) of power system for monitoring, operation and control. In recent years, the advent of synchronized Phasor Measurements Unit (PMU) has added another dimension to the field of wide-area measurement. However, the high cost of the PMU, which includes the manufacture and deployment fee, is a hurdle to the wide use of the PMU in power systems. Unlike traditional PMUs, the frequency monitoring network (FNET) developed by the Virginia Tech Power IT lab is an Internetâ based, GPSâ synchronized, wide-area frequency monitoring network deployed at the distribution level, providing a low-cost and easily deployable WAMs solution. In this dissertation, the research work can be categorized into two parts: FNET Design and Situation Awareness Algorithm Development.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Panteli, Mathaios. "Impact of ICT reliability and situation awareness on power system blackouts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impact-of-ict-reliability-and-situation-awareness-on-power-system-blackouts(e5384a73-232c-4edf-b11c-45e8051298d7).html.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent major electrical disturbances highlight the extent to which modern societies depend on a reliable power infrastructure and the impact of these undesirable events on the economy and society. Numerous blackout models have been developed in the last decades that capture effectively the cascade mechanism leading to a partial or complete blackout. These models usually consider only the state of the electrical part of the system and investigate how failures or limitations in this system affect the probability and severity of a blackout.However, an analysis of the major disturbances that occurred during the last decade, such as the North America blackout of 2003 and the UCTE system disturbance of 2006, shows that failures or inadequacies in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and also human errors had a significant impact on most of these blackouts.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the contribution of these non-electrical events to the risk of power system blackouts. As the nature of these events is probabilistic and not deterministic, different probabilistic techniques have been developed to evaluate their impact on power systems reliability and operation.In particular, a method based on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to assess the impact of an ICT failure on the operators’ situation awareness and consequently on their performance during an emergency. This thesis also describes a generic framework using Markov modeling for quantifying the impact of insufficient situation awareness on the probability of cascading electrical outages leading to a blackout. A procedure based on Markov modeling and fault tree analysis is also proposed for assessing the impact of ICT failures and human errors on the reliable operation of fast automatic protection actions, which are used to provide protection against fast-spreading electrical incidents. The impact of undesirable interactions and the uncoordinated operation of these protection schemes on power system reliability is also assessed in this thesis.The simulation results of these probabilistic methods show that a deterioration in the state of the ICT infrastructure and human errors affect significantly the probability and severity of power system blackouts. The conclusion of the work undertaken in this research is that failures in all the components of the power system, and not just the “heavy electrical” ones, must be considered when assessing the reliability of the electrical supply.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Situation awareness'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles