Academic literature on the topic 'SITUATION-ACTOR-PROCESS'

The objective of this article is to explain the ambivalent existence related to actor domination in the collaborative governance. As a precondition for the collaborative governance process, domination is a factor which must be prevented to maintain equality and mutual trust between actors. Therefore, the core question of this article is that is it true that the actor domination has negative effects to the collaboration sustainability? This article was written by using qualitative method. Data were collected with deep interviews, document studies, and literary studies and data were analyzed by using descriptive technique. The case of Lampung province central government displacement in 2004-2016 was made to be a research basis to answer the core question. The research finding showed that actor domination was dilemmatic. The collaboration process was in fact very dependent on the main actor who “control” the collaboration process, both in the planning stage (through Planning Coordination Team) and in implementation stage (through forum of Region Management Agency). This finding was very important because in spite of violating equality between actors, the actor domination in this policy case was beneficial. The inequality which was assumed to produce mutual untruths was not proven. In conclusion, actor domination is an ambivalent; something that must be prevented, but it then becomes a key factor. In what situation this actor domination gives a meaning? This article tries to answer it.

This study aims to explore the deconstructive tendency of acting in the performances of Yusril's Under the Volcano works / director. The acting device of an actor also develops according to the situation of society and culture. Actors in postmodern culture no longer analyze the soul, or present patterns of human behavior as Stanislavsky suggested. The actor explores his mental state through the postmodern aesthetic idioms that tend to be artificial, a culture that worships form. In the Under the Volcano theater performance, the concretization process of actor work was born through Minangkabau traditional arts. The research methods used in this study are: Observation, documents, interviews and data analysis. The results of this study indicate that, in the concrete process of work in postmodern culture there are aesthetic idioms built through silek, dendang, poetry and poetry texts which are then implemented in the form of acting that emphasizes the use of gestural acting, prescribes verbality and tends to be acrobatic. Keywords: postmodern aesthetics, acting, Under the Volcano

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the role of Facebook's AI recommendation system through actor network theory (ANT). To this end, literature related to actor network theory, social media, and Facebook's AI recommendation system was reviewed to examine the characteristics and structure. In addition, the literature that studied the communication effect of social media and the social effect of AI recommendation system was examined. As a result of the study, the opaque 'AI recommendation system' was playing the role of a programmer and switcher for network power. The result leads to a situation in which users using social media are hindered by autonomous choices and actions within the network. In addition, this absurd situation was used to pursue the special interests of platform operators at the peak of network power. Therefore, users who are human actors of the network need a process of recognizing and improving the problems of the system and their natural rights through the process of opening and examining the AI recommendation system closed inside the network for fair network configuration.

‘Fools and graceless buffoons’ was one Italian playwright's view of Italian acting at the turn of the nineteenth century – and the political and linguistic fragmentation of the country continued to prevent any national approach to the problems of actor training. By the beginning of the present century the situation was beginning to improve, but until the ‘sixties the National Academy of Dramatic Art in Rome remained the single major training institution in the country. In this article, Roberto Tessari looks at the explosion of opportunities for actor training – and the wide range of approaches to it – which then occurred, largely since the ‘events’ of 1968. He quotes directly from the teachers involved to illustrate the aims of the various schools, which are now beginning a necessary process of consultation – over such matters as assessment procedures and the placement of students – through the annual ‘Prima del Teatro’ meetings hosted by the Pisa Theatre.

The theatre actor’s process in a rehearsal hall is reality and metaphor. It can be a rehearsal for justice, where we can live freely. In this laboratory the actor becomes all of us. Like the actor, we inhabit our bodies and our sexualities, sometimes as spiritual practice, or as sacred and creative, even as incarnations. In particular, women’s bodies remember what it is like to be no-body and what it is like to be a some-body. The texts of women’s bodies contain their history of pain, wellness and illness. In creating a character, the actor creates a biography, an inner life, and the actor’s imagination aligns with the character’s situation. This is the creation of a character’s ‘living story’. Similarly, for all of us, this is akin to self knowledge. When women and sexual minorities tell their stories and listen to each others’ self knowledge, they are reading their bodies as texts. And worlds split open.

Diane Kuprel does a review about the performance situation, dramatic figures engage in the ludic activity of mimicry by playing roles in the presence of other figures who function, passively or actively, as audience. To recast this in more ontologically weighted terms, the performance situation presents the process by which the subject (actor), in representing the self-as-other (character), submits to a self-dispossession, and expropriates and appropriates otherness as its own in its directedness toward others (audience). For this essay, she analyses three dramas: Troilus and Cressida by Shakespeare, L’île des esclaves by Marivaux and Die verkehrte welt by Tieck.

This study was concerned with the types of transitivity system elements in CNN Online News. The objectives of this descriptive qualitative study were to discover: (1) the types of transitivity system, (2) the realization of transitivity system, and (3) the reasons for transitivity system realized in CNN Online News. The data of this study were clauses that consist of a transitivity system in 10 Covid-19 Online News taken from CNN Online News. The results of the study showed that: 1) CNN Online News realized all the types of process: Material, Mental, Relational, Behavioral, Verbal, and Existential process. The dominant process was Material Process. It was realized 214 (50,47%). CNN Online News realized participants: Actor, Goal, Sayer, Carrier, Attribute, Verbiage, Senser, Phenomenon, Target, Existing, Existence, Behaver, Token, Value, Receiver, Behavior, and Range. Actor and Goal were dominantly realized in the clauses of CNN Online News, there were 167 (26,38%) of Actor and 141 (22,27%) of Goal. The most dominant was Actor, and CNN Online News realized circumstances: Location, Cause, Manner, Accompaniment, Extent, Matter, Angle, and Role. It was realized 193 (60, 50%). The dominant was Location; 2) There were congruent realization and incongruent realization of transitivity system. The most dominant realization was congruent realization; 3) The reason why the types of transitivity system realized in CNN Online News is based on the context of the situation related to the field. Field stand for three entries, namely arena/social activity [+institutionalized/-institutionalized], participant’s characteristics [person/social] and semantic domain [+specialized/-specialized]. The most dominant was arena/social activity, especially [-institutionalized]. Keywords: Metafunction, Transitivity System, Online News, CNN

AbstractWho gets a seat at the table and who does not is an important consideration for successful peacemaking. However, current research does not provide sufficient guidance for understanding the politics of participation in peace negotiations. This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding these dynamics. Its central theme is that the inclusion or exclusion of a given actor in peace negotiations is affected by two independent factors. One factor pertains to the practical requirements of the peace process and addresses the following question: does the participation of a given actor augment the chance of reaching a sustainable peace settlement? The other factor relates to the normative dimension of peace talks: is the participation of a given actor consistent with the values of international mediators and sponsors of peace negotiations? The article argues that the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion result from the interplay of these two factors. The most straightforward situation for mediators is when practical requirements and international norms are mutually reinforcing. Difficulties arise from scenarios where practical effectiveness and norms contradict each other. This is the case when the involvement of a given person (or group) is imperative in terms of the peace process, but difficult to justify politically because this person has committed terrorist acts or is indicted by an international court.

A Life In The Theater by David Mamet is a theater script that tells about the problems of a stage actor's life between teacher and student that describes friendship, growth, development, and the human condition in life as a stage actor. To realize the character of Robert in the script of A Life In The Theater by David Mamet, the author uses the acting theory of Stanislavski The System, which is a systematic approach to training actors. In the process of playing the role, the magic if method is used, namely the ability to imagine the character is in a series of fictional situations and imagine how and what the character will do in dealing with the situation. Keywords: Actor, A Life In The Theatre, David Mamet, The System, Magic If

Electronic-governance (E-governance) refers to the use of information and communication technologies for enhancing performance of public organizations by making them more effective and accessible. The benefits of e-governance have been recognized across the world. It provides opportunities to public organizations to strengthen their interface with citizens. For the past many decades, the concept has been playing crucial role for transforming public organizations. In India, over the past few years, government has invested huge amount of money in implementing various new e-governance projects and strengthening the existing ones for improving the performance of its public organizations. However, studies indicate that the actual benefits of egovernance projects are yet to fully realize in terms of benefits to citizens. In India, to avail various public services such as passport, driving license, birth and death certificate, etc. citizens are required to visit public organizations. They have to interact with different government departments for availing benefits under various schemes. The experience of citizens about the performance of public services is perceived as public value. Public value is a popular concept to assess public services. It is known as the measurement tool for public services. However, despite several initiatives taken to promote egovernance by the Government in India, its benefits are yet to fully reach the target beneficiaries as planned. Therefore, it is important to analyze the public value of public organizations from the perspective of citizens‘.During the study, it has been found that measurement of public value in most of the developed countries has been attempted through performance of e-governance portals. However, in the Indian context, due to lack of an end-to-end IT-based service delivery mechanism, all services are not accessible exclusively through websites. In most of the cases, a hybrid approach has been adopted for service delivery in which citizens can fill applications and book appointment in online mode whereas, for availing actual services, they are required to visit the concerned department. vi A citizen visiting a public organization faces a situation, interacts with employees and follows a process or a set of processes. In this study, it is conceptualized that the citizen develops a perception based on interplay of Situation-Actor-Process (S-A-P) related variables which is expected to be influencing public value of e-governance. Therefore, variables related to the situation, actors and processes are explored in the study context and it has been attempted to analyze their influence on public value. The objectives of research areto identify the factors for analyzing public value of citizen-centric e-governance projects, to identify the situation-actor-process related variables in the context of centric e-governance projects and to explore the relationship between situation-actor-process related variables and public value in the study context and propose an empirically validated framework for improving public value of citizen-centric e-governance projects. To fulfil these objectives, followed by a pilot study, a detailed analysis is executed by conducting a survey and collecting responses from beneficiaries of select five citizen-centric e-governance projects. This study is mainly divided into three phases. In the first phase, a pilot study of passport project and driving license project is conducted to get better insights about service delivery related issues. In the second phase, research variables related to S-A-P and public value are identified and an opinion survey is conducted based on select e-governance projects. In the last phase of the study, analysis of data is conducted to identify the relationship between S-A-P related variables and public value. Another case study to suggest measures for achieving improved public value is also conducted in this phase. Lastly, a few recommendations are proposed for improving public value of e-governance projects based on Learning-Action-Performance (L-A-P) synthesis. The study reveals that macro variables in terms of S-A-P, viz. ‗Improved Situation‘, ‗Capability level of Actors‘ and ‗Flexible Process Workflow‘ are having significant influence on ‗Quality Service Delivery‘, ‗Competence of Public Organizations‘, ‗Achievement of Socially Required Outcomes‘ and on vii overall ‗Public Value‘ of public organizations in the study context. This study has contributed to the area of analysis of the public value of e-governance projects. It has several implications for e-governance practitioners, researchers and society. The study is expected to benefit both e-governance planners and implementers while planning for new projects or analyzing existing ones to improve the realization of public value. It opens a window for researchers to analyze more such public services of similar nature in order to increase the scope of the study for generalized findings. Thrust on improving situational aspects, capability of actors and flexibility of processes as identified in this study, are expected to enhance delivery of services that satisfies the need for improved public value and creates a positive attitude among society towards public organizations.

This chapter analyses and examines the existing modalities of conflict internationalization, arguing that there are two principal mechanisms through which a prima facie non-international armed conflict may transform into an international armed conflict. Firstly, ‘standard internationalization’ occurs when two independent subjects of international law become engaged against one another as the conflict develops, either as the result of an intervention by an external actor such as a third state or an international organization, or via an internal development if the territorial state dissolves into two or more successor states during the conflict. Secondly, ‘complementary internationalization’ covers those modalities, in which the state/non-state asymmetry of the parties is maintained, and yet the situation transforms into an international armed conflict in law. This process may either be absolute, as with so-called wars of national liberation, or it may be relative, as in internationalization through recognition of belligerency, special agreements, or unilateral declarations.

In this chapter the authors present a new framework for the study of situation awareness in computer network defense (cyber-SA). While immensely valuable, the research to date on cyber-SA has overemphasized an algorithmic level of analysis to the exclusion of the human actor. Since situation awareness, and therefore cyber-SA, is a human cognitive process and state, it is essential that future cyber-SA research account for the human-in-the-loop. To that end, the framework in this chapter presents a basis for examining cyber-SA at the cognitive, system, work, and enterprise levels of analysis. In describing the framework, the authors present examples of research that are emblematic of each type of analysis.

In this chapter the authors present a new framework for the study of situation awareness in computer network defense (cyber-SA). While immensely valuable, the research to date on cyber-SA has overemphasized an algorithmic level of analysis to the exclusion of the human actor. Since situation awareness, and therefore cyber-SA, is a human cognitive process and state, it is essential that future cyber-SA research account for the human-in-the-loop. To that end, the framework in this chapter presents a basis for examining cyber-SA at the cognitive, system, work, and enterprise levels of analysis. In describing the framework, the authors present examples of research that are emblematic of each type of analysis.

This study aims to extend the conceptualization of resource integration in service ecosystems by defining and empirically analyzing the orchestration of multi-actor collaboration for value co-creation in the tourism eco-system. Current knowledge on the emergence of service ecosystems is extended by focusing on and conceptualizing the resource integration efforts of resource orchestrators and connectors. It adopts a qualitative in-depth case study approach to explore, in a real-life situation, how resource orchestration through multi-actor collaboration for value co-creation occurs in complex service ecosystems, such as hospitality or tourism services. The analysis is built on multiple sources of information to integrate investigations conducted through direct observation and questioning. A new approach is synthesized, which shifts away from the understanding of resource orchestration as a firm-level activity for initiating and managing innovation processes to a key process for driving and managing the emergence of multidimensional and multilevel value co-creation structures.

Farm debt waivers have been introduced in India, from time to time, to provide relief to the indebted farmers. The chapter focuses on the viability of farm debt waiver in India—whether it serves as an ephemeral palliative (a temporary reassuring measure) or an enduring risk management tool (a permanent remedy to build resilience against a longstanding debt crisis)—for farmers by employing situation, actor, process, learning, action, performance (SAP-LAP) framework. Loan waivers occasionally appear as a quick fix to alleviate farmers' misery. They trigger moral hazard as the farmers make no attempts to repay the loans themselves with the expectation that an imminent waiver from the government would clear their debts, thus ruining the credit culture of the country. From a policy viewpoint, it is imperative to make agriculture sustainable by lessening inefficiencies, augmenting income, moderating costs, and affording protection through premeditated and well-defined insurance schemes.

Among the diversity of students in the school context, there are those who still have little identification in the regular classroom, including Double Exceptionality (DE), that is, Asperger's Syndrome (SA) and High Skills (AH). Due to gaps in the initial and continuing training of teachers that enable them to recognize the characteristics of specific human talents, the biggest loser in this situation is the student. Qualitative research where the object researched is the trajectory of the student XD (fictitious name) in the school environment. The type of study is the single case study, which places the case as the focus of the research. The Medical Evaluation showed a clearly above average position in intellectual capacity and an average above expected for age and schooling, with percentile equal to or higher than 40% for a group of the same age group; his cognitive development presented some distortions with delays, his academic performance being impaired due to limitations in social interactions, in addition to severe blockages in relation to the environment, with reactions to pressure, anxiety, inadequate feelings, which made him highly attached to his imagination and fantasy, bringing the feeling of a dangerous, uncertain, rigid, inflexible world. In this case, communication increased as trust was established and it was possible to perceive the set of experiences of the subject of the report from the stimulus of a game, since playfulness had a positive role in this process linked to difficulties. The oral communication skill was stimulated with gamification and graphic representation, stimulated by the interest in the English language. The partnership with an institution with a gamification and robotics project greatly facilitated the development of XD as an individual in society, strengthening ties, affirming trust and opening new professional horizons. A particular actor, the Teacher Coordinator of the Pedagogical Center, and the collaboration of the entire school community leveraged and sustained XD's educational inclusion.

The paper is focused on the role of cinemas in culture-led urban regeneration, their potential in the process of place-making and community building. Existing research has shown that there is a link between social and spatial identities based on small town cinemas and that community needs to be at the centre of the regeneration process for it to be sustainable. The paper follows the debate with its objective being to explore this link using a mixed method approach based on a case study. The case study deals with a local community cinema project located in the centre of Košice, Slovakia. It started the process of cinema restoration in 2015 and reflected the collective aspirations of urban inhabitants for the cinema’s survival. The findings conclude that the cinema is an active social actor and cultural asset in the neighbourhood and contributes to the development of a vital and inclusive community. On the other hand, it opens up the debate on the Slovak Audiovisual policies and cinema situation across Slovak districts as potential for further research.

Background: The topic of human-animal relationship has been gaining more and more popularity in recent years in the Western scientific discourse, but there are not so many studies and scientific works.You can find only isolated works and empirical investigations on this topic in the Ukrainian scientific space, although the role that pets play in the life of a modern person is quite important. Purpose: justification of modern trends in human-animal relations through the prism of sociology. Methods: the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization were the main ones in the work with the primary sources on the topic of the publication, which made it possible to determine the features of various approaches to the study of important aspects of the human – domestic animal relationship. The method of secondary analysis of sociological research made it possible to reveal the current situation regarding the practices of interaction between people and domestic animals. Results: Current aspects of the study of the pet`s role in people's lives have been clarified. The evolution of a person's attitude towards an animal in a historical-cultural section from an object (utilitarian attitude) to a subject, a partner in interaction (animal-companion, animal-friend, animal-child, etc.) is considered. The mechanism of changing the status of a domestic animal through the prism of the phenomenological paradigm is substantiated: the attitude towards animals depends on the framework of perception of their status and essence, which can be the values, norms and rules adopted in society or in a certain environment in a certain period. The factors that contributed to the change of the specified norms and rules of interaction were identified, including: the spread of humanism and posthumanism values, urbanization, the tendency to anthropomorphize animals, etc., The methodological foundations of B. Latour's actor-network theory were used to explain the subjectivity status of domestic animals. According to it, things (in our case, animals) are not only passive agents of interaction, not only exposed to the influence of a person, but also exert an influence on him. This means, that they are partners in a network of interactions. The process of domestic animals status transformation is illustrated on the basis of the social construction stages of reality by P. Berger and T. Luсkmann. Social, racial, and demographic characteristics of social practices related to pets are explored. Conclusion: The topic of interaction between domestic animals and people is not sufficiently disclosed in the sociological discourse, since interest in it began quite recently. Scientists were motivated to intensify research on this topic by changes in the attitude towards the animals that live nearby. From consumerism to partnership. This led to a change in the utilitarian value of animals, which began to be determined by feelings and emotions. This situation became possible as a result of the transformations of the value dimension of society, the spread of the philosophy of animals treatment, the principles of posthumanism. As well as the aggravation of the modern person needs to interact with animals, experience "live", real emotions and feelings (love , affection, devotion, etc.) in the world of technologies and rational relations. Keywords: sociology, pet, pets` status transformation, subjectivity of pets.