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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Situatedness'
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1
Lindblom, Jessica. "Social Situatedness of Natural and Artificial Intelligence." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-626.
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The situated approach in cognitive science and artificial intelligence (AI) has argued since the mid-1980s that intelligent behaviour emerges as a result of a close coupling between agent and environment. Lately, many researchers have emphasized that in addition to the physical environment, the social environment must not be neglected. In this thesis we will focus on the nature of social situatedness, and the aim of this dissertation is to investigate its role and relevance for natural and artificial intelligence.
This thesis brings together work from separate areas, presenting different perspectives on the role and mechanisms social situatedness. More specifically, we will analyse Vygotsky's cognitive development theory, studies of primate (and avian) intelligence, and last, but not least, work in contemporary socially situated AI. These, at a first glance, quite different fields have a lot in common since they particularly stress the importance of social embeddedness for the development of individual intelligence.
Combining these separate perspectives, we analyse the remaining differences between natural and artificial social situatedness. Our conclusion is that contemporary socially artificial intelligence research, although heavily inspired by empirical findings in human infants, tends to lack the developmental dimension of situatedness. Further we discuss some implications for research in cognitive science and AI.
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Jeyaraj, Joseph Luther Strickland Ron L. "Situatedness, othering, and rhetorical authority in technical and professional writing." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064482.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.Title from title page screen, viewed April 6, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Ron Strickland (chair), Gerald Savage, Sophia McClennen, Doug Hesse. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Montague, Matthew Glenn. "Processes and situatedness : a collective case study of selected mentored music teachers /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9978591.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-196). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kelly, Nick. "Constructive Interpretation in Design Thinking." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11506.
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This thesis explores the role of interpretation in design activity through the development of a computational model of constructive interpretation. It asks the question: how does the construction of interpretations from expectations within a situation affect design activity? This work hypothesises that designers construct their world from their expectations through interpretation. In interpreting their own work designers are able to make unexpected discoveries and explore the implicit knowledge held within their expectations of the world. These expectations are grounded in experience. A conceptual model for constructive interpretation is described. Knowledge held by designers is represented in a perceptual symbol system, in which knowledge organised in a hierarchy. Within this hierarchy, higher layers represent an increased level of abstraction. Knowledge is learnt through experience in an environment. The topmost layer in this hierarchy is the situation.Interpretation occurs through pull from the expectations. Expectations in a layer are changed by the layer above. The construction of expectations utilises knowledge about the world that the designer gains through experience. A computational framework for this conceptual model is described: (i) based upon conceptual spaces, where expectations within the situation perturb each other; and (ii) based upon a hierarchy of unsupervised learning networks, where prototypes represent convergence zones within conceptual space. Constructive interpretation is implemented in a number of demonstrations utilising modified self-organising maps linked together to represent layers in the conceptual model. Demonstrations show: (i) how situations are changed through construction from implicit expectations; (ii) how situations co-ordinate concepts through expectations that are grounded in experience; (iii) how construction from expectations produces stability in a chang ing environment; and (iv) how useful rather than accurate in! terpreta tions can be produced by constructing from expectations. A model of constructive interpretation in design is developed in which a system iterates through generation of designs from expectations and constructive interpretation. In one experiment an agent has experience with a number of floor plans. It uses its experience to draw in a design medium and interpret its own work. Through constructive interpretation from implicit expectations the situation changes leading to a new space of designs. It provides a model of the way that designers make unexpected discoveries within their work that are useful to the design task, through expectations, and relevant to the source, as the basis for constructing the interpretation. Another experiment uses sets of growth indicators about countries as concepts. The model shows how the space of designs changes through constructive interpretation and explores the effects of salience weighting upon the construction of interpretations. The work looks towards a situated model of design: a model of design that integrates interpretation, expectation and memory into the one cognitive framework. Constructive interpretation has applications for models of analogy and computational creativity. Future work in constructive interpretation is described.
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Baldwin, Candice P. "Situatedness: The interrelation of factors impacting the educational pathway to degree attainment among Black and White doctoral students." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618709.
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Given the absence of a comprehensive theory of doctoral student persistence within the current literature base, the purpose of this study was to propose and test a model that would predict doctoral degree completion using an integrated scheme of background, financial support, and experience variables between Black and White students. The impact and interaction of these variables was explored individually and collectively to describe a concept defined as situatedness. The situatedness model illustrates that a student's background is related to the financial support they receive in doctoral programs; in turn, these factors are connected to a student's departmental and personal experiences, which are all directly related to doctoral degree completion.;The situatedness model was found to be useful in conceptualizing doctoral degree completion, but it illustrated that that there are other variables that cause disparities in completion among Black and White doctoral students. The situatedness model indicated that financial support factors affect doctoral degree completion among Black and White students. For Whites, the situatedness model indicated that the total amount of grant aid, the amount borrowed for education, teaching assistantships, and private/outside sources of aid were independent and significant predictors of doctoral degree completion. For Blacks, the situatedness model indicated that income and outside sources of aid were predictive of degree completion. The findings of this study suggest that finances are the most important predictor of degree completion for both groups. The disparity in sources of funding for Blacks and Whites highlight many of the differences in experiences and outcomes between the groups.
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Svensson, Henrik. "Notions of Embodiment in Cognitive Science." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-588.
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Cognitive science has traditionally viewed the mind as essentially disembodied, that is, the nature of mind and cognition is neither affected by the ¡Èsystem¡É it is implemented in nor affected by the environment that the system is situated in. But since the mid-1980s a new approach emerged in artificial intelligence that emphasized the importance of embodiment and situatedness and since then terms like embodied cognition, embodied intelligence have become more and more apparent in discussions of cognition. As embodied cognition has increased in interest so have the notions of embodiment and situatedness and they are not always compatible. This report has found that there are, at least, four notions of embodiment in the discussions of embodied cognition: software embodiment, physical embodiment, biological embodiment and human(oid) embodiment.
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Sun, Xuan. "A methodology for situated and effective design of haptic devices." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217327.
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The realism of virtual surgery through a surgical simulator depends largely on the precision and reliability of the haptic device. The quality of perception depends on the design of the haptic device, which presents a complex design task due to the multi-criteria and conflicting character of the functional and performance requirements. In the model-based evaluation of the performance criteria of a haptic device, the required computational resources increase with the complexity of the device structure as well as with the increased level of detail that is created in the detail design phases. Due to uncertain requirements and a significant knowledge gap, the design task is fuzzy and more complex in the early design phases. The goal of this thesis is to propose a situated, i.e., flexible, scalable and efficient, methodology for multi-objective and multi-disciplinary design optimization of high-performing 6-DOF haptic devices. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1. A model-based and simulation-driven engineering design methodology and a flexible pilot framework are proposed for design optimization of high-performing haptic devices. The multi-disciplinary design optimization method was utilized to balance the conflicting criteria/requirements of a multi-domain design case and to solve the design optimization problems concurrently. 2. A multi-tool framework is proposed. The framework integrates metamodel-based design optimization with complementary engineering tools from different software vendors, which was shown to significantly reduce the total computationally effort. 3. The metamodeling methods and sampling sizes for specific performance indices found from case studies were shown to be applicable and usable for several kinds of 6-degrees-of-freedom haptic devices. 4. The multi-tool framework and the assisting methodology were further developed to enable computationally efficient and situated design multi-objective optimization of high-performing haptic devices. The design-of-experiment (DOE) and metamodeling techniques are integrated with the optimization process in the framework as an option to solve the design optimization case with a process that depends on the present system complexity.QC 20171108
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Rambusch, Jana. "Situated Play." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11400.
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Bombardi, Michele. "Coordinazione space-aware per dispositivi mobili in tucson." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6350/.
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Lo scopo della tesi è quello di definire un modello di astrazione di coordinazione space-aware nell'ottica dei dispositivi mobili e del pervasive computing, concentrandosi in particolare sul modello TuCSoN e sui tuple centre ReSpecT.
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Forcellini, Reffi Lorenzo. "TuCSoN on Android: coordinazione event-driven e geolocalizzata su dispositivi mobili." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9555/.
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La tesi si concentra sull’infrastruttura di coordinazione TuCSoN on Android, realizzando il refactoring del servizio di geolocalizzazione platform-independent (lato infrastruttura) e platform-dependent (lato mobile device), nonché l’integrazione del modello event-driven con la proprietà di situatedness.
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Pometto, Attilio Vergiglio. "Coordinazione situata per la domotica: Butlers in TuCSoN." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9564/.
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Siamo ormai abituati a vivere in un mondo pieno di dispositivi intelligenti ed un sistema domotico deve essere facilmente integrato con essi.
L'obbiettivo di questa tesi è di estendere con il concetto di transducer il prototipo di Home Manager, applicazione per la gestione di una casa intelligente che sfrutta la tecnologia TuCSoN.
I vantaggi di questa scelta sono molteplici: permettendo al media di coordinazione di gestire le interazioni fra gli agenti e l'ambiente, si separano i problemi implementativi da quelli coordinativi, guadagnando anche un sistema più facilmente ispezionabile, con componenti sostituibili e manutenibili.
Dopo un'introduzione alla domotica, all'architettura Butlers e all'infrastruttura TuCSoN, pilastri su cui è basato Home Manager, si passerà ad una fase di analisi dello stato attuale del prototipo, per comprendere dove e perché andare a introdurre il concetto di transducer. Seguiranno poi le fasi di progettazione e, infine, di implementazione di questa tecnologia in Home Manager.
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Nompleggio, Pietro Antonio. "Computazione Embodied e Disembodied: Cloud-based IoT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11180/.
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La tesi esplora la co-esistenza di computazioni embodied e disembodied nei moderni sistemi software, adottando come caso di studio il recente trend che vede sempre più coesi e integrati sistemi per l'Internet of Things e sistemi Cloud-based. Si analizzano i principali modelli di comunicazione, protocolli di comunicazione e architetture situate. Inoltre si realizza una piattaforma IoT Middleware cloud-based per mostrare come la computazione possa essere distribuita lato embodied e disembodied.
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Kelley, Linda. "The dynamics of literacy acquisition and learning: focusing on gifted learners in a language arts-art collaborative class." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1117561280.
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Grankvist, Hannah. "Making Doable Problems within Controversial Science : U.S. and Swedish Scientists’ Experience of Gene Transfer Research." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70542.
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This thesis explores how scientists within the controversial scientific field of gene transfer make their research doable. Based on in-depth interviews with gene transfer scientists and key individuals from different regulatory agencies and advisory boards in Sweden and the U.S.A., the study focuses on how scientists describe and reason about how they handle the various problems that confront them as they work in a technically advanced and highly controversial field of research. Drawing upon Clarke and Fujimura’s concepts of situatedness and doability, Latour’s concepts of enrollment and translation, Strauss’concepts of articulation work and alignment as well as Gieryn’s concept of boundary-work, the study analyzes how doable problems are constructed within gene transfer, from basic science to clinical application on human subjects. Doable problems were constructed by enrolling allies on different levels, translating interests and creating alignment of interests and activities of the allies enrolled. The study covers how scientists handle questions of funding, research cooperation and choice of scientific material as well as the ethical complications involved in gene transfer research and its applications. For the U.S. scientists an essential part of creating doable problems consisted of boundary-work in relation to regulatory demands and interventions, something that did not concern the Swedish scientists to the same extent. Gene transfer, due to its controversial character, has raised public fears and concerns. Using Goffman’s concept of frames, the study also analyzes how gene transfer scientists attempt to gain public acceptance by framing gene transfer as an ordinary kind of therapy, while simultaneously heralding it as a revolutionary new technology, in order to obtain the external funding necessary for an expensive and extensive research.Avhandlingen undersöker hur forskare inom det kontroversiella forskningsfältet genterapi gör sin forskning möjlig. Utifrån djupintervjuer med genterapiforskare samt med nyckelpersoner inom regleringsmyndigheter och rådgivande organ i Sverige och USA visas i avhandlingen hur forskare beskriver och resonerar kring hur de hanterar olika problem som uppstår i deras arbete inom ett vetenskapligt avancerat och mycket kontroversiellt forskningsfält. Med hjälp av Clarke och Fujimura’s begrepp situatedness och doability, Latour’s begrepp enrollering och översättning, Strauss’ begrepp articulation work och alignment samt Gieryn’s begrepp gränsarbete analyserar avhandlingen forskarnas arbete med att konstruera utförbara problem inom genterapiforskning, från grundforskning till klinisk tillämpning på människor. Detta sker genom enrollering av allierade på olika nivåer, genom översättning av olika aktörers intressen samt genom att dessa enrollerade allierades verksamheter och intressen läggs i linje med forskarnas egna. Avhandlingen tar upp hur forskarna hanterar olika praktiska problem, som finansiering, forskningssamarbete och val av forskningsmaterial, samt hur de bemöter de olika etiska problem som genterapiforskningen och dess tillämpning innebär. Avhandlingen visar även på en viktig skillnad mellan de intervjuade amerikanska och svenska forskarna. I USA måste forskarna hantera en stark reglering av deras arbete, något som inte berör de svenska forskarna på samma sätt; de amerikanska forskarna måste därvid använda olika former av gränsarbete i sina relationer till reglerande myndigheter. Genterapins osäkra och kontroversiella karaktär har orsakat rädsla och oro hos allmänheten. Avhandlingen analyserar genterapiforskarnas försök att skapa samhällelig acceptans för sin forskning genom att ge den en inramning som en etablerad form av medicinsk behandling. Detta sker i viss motsättning till en parallell inramning av genterapi som en ny och revolutionerande teknologi, något som sker i syfte att erhålla den nödvändiga finansieringen för en kostnadskrävande och omfattande forskning.
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Casadei, Richiard. "Home Manager come middleware per la coordinazione situata in ambito IoT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12278/.
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Dopo una prima introduzione ai concetti di IoT e AmI, si è analizzata l’architettura Butlers esplorandone tutte le caratteristiche e i punti chiave in modo da apprendere le nozioni di base che mi avrebbero guidato nell’analisi del sistema Home Manager, un prototipo di applicazione per il controllo di una casa intelligente, e nella progettazione delle soluzioni proposte per l’introduzione del principio di coordinazione situata.
Lo scopo della tesi infatti è stato quello di estendere il sistema Home Manager, progettato come sistema multi-agente e implementato poggiandosi al di sopra dell’infrastruttura di coordinazione TuCSoN, attraverso gli strumenti nativi per la coordinazione situata offerti da quest’ultimo. A tal fine sono stati introdotti i concetti di Transducer per la gestione dei dispositivi collegabili al sistema, inserito il livello di Geolocation offerto da TuCSoN per l’interfacciamento con le piattaforme di geolocalizzazione, e utilizzati i centri di tuple e le reazioni spaziali per aumentare il livello di autonomia del sistema. Per completare la tesi sono stati forniti due semplici casi di studio nei quali sono state enfatizzate le proprietà acquisite dal sistema dopo l’introduzione della nozione di coordinazione situata.
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Sosa, Medina Ricardo. "Computational Explorations of Creativity and Innovation in Design." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/614.
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This thesis addresses creativity in design as a property of systems rather than an attribute of isolated individuals. It focuses on the dynamics between generative and evaluative or ascriptive processes. This is in distinction to conventional approaches to the study of creativity which tend to concentrate on the isolated characteristics of person, process and product. Whilst previous research has advanced insights on potentially creative behaviour and on the general dynamics of innovation in groups, little is known about their interaction. A systems view of creativity in design is adopted in our work to broaden the focus of inquiry to incorporate the link between individual and collective change. The work presented in this thesis investigates the relation between creativity and innovation in computational models of design as a social construct. The aim is to define and implement in computer simulations the different actors and components of a system and the rules that may determine their behaviour and interaction. This allows the systematic study of their likely characteristics and effects when the system is run over simulated time. By manipulating the experimental variables of the system at initial time the experimenter is able to extract patterns from the observed results over time and build an understanding of the different types of determinants of creative design. The experiments and findings presented in this thesis relate to artificial societies composed by software agents and the social structures that emerge from their interaction. Inasmuch as these systems aim to capture some aspects of design activity, understanding them is likely to contribute to the understanding of the target system. The first part of this thesis formulates a series of initial computational explorations on cellular automata of social influence and change agency. This simple modelling framework illustrates a number of factors that facilitate change. The potential for a designer to trigger cycles of collective change is demonstrated to depend on the combination of individual and external or situational characteristics. A more comprehensive simulation framework is then introduced to explore the link between designers and their societies based on a systems model of creativity that includes social and epistemological components. In this framework a number of independent variables are set for experimentation including characteristics of individuals, fields, and domains. The effects of these individual and situational parameters are observed in experimental settings. Aspects of relevance in the definition of creativity included in these studies comprise the role of opinion leaders as gatekeepers of the domain, the effects of social organisation, the consequences of public and private access to domain knowledge by designers, and the relation between imitative behaviour and innovation. A number of factors in a social system are identified that contribute to the emergence of phenomena that are normally associated to creativity and innovation in design. At the individual level the role of differences of abilities, persistence, opportunities, imitative behaviour, peer influence, and design strategies are discussed. At the field level determinants under inspection include group structure, social mobility and organisation, emergence of opinion leaders, established rules and norms, and distribution of adoption and quality assessments. Lastly, domain aspects that influence the interaction between designers and their social groups include the generation and access to knowledge, activities of gatekeeping, domain size and distribution, and artefact structure and representation. These insights are discussed in view of current findings and relevant modelling approaches in the literature. Whilst a number of assumptions and results are validated, others contribute to ongoing debates and suggest specific mechanisms and parameters for future experimentation. The thesis concludes by characterising this approach to the study of creativity in design as an alternative 'in silico' method of inquiry that enables simulation with phenomena not amenable to direct manipulation. Lines of development for future work are advanced which promise to contribute to the experimental study of the social dimensions of design.
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Sosa, Medina Ricardo. "Computational Explorations of Creativity and Innovation in Design." University of Sydney. College of Sciences and Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/614.
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This thesis addresses creativity in design as a property of systems rather than an attribute of isolated individuals. It focuses on the dynamics between generative and evaluative or ascriptive processes. This is in distinction to conventional approaches to the study of creativity which tend to concentrate on the isolated characteristics of person, process and product. Whilst previous research has advanced insights on potentially creative behaviour and on the general dynamics of innovation in groups, little is known about their interaction. A systems view of creativity in design is adopted in our work to broaden the focus of inquiry to incorporate the link between individual and collective change. The work presented in this thesis investigates the relation between creativity and innovation in computational models of design as a social construct. The aim is to define and implement in computer simulations the different actors and components of a system and the rules that may determine their behaviour and interaction. This allows the systematic study of their likely characteristics and effects when the system is run over simulated time. By manipulating the experimental variables of the system at initial time the experimenter is able to extract patterns from the observed results over time and build an understanding of the different types of determinants of creative design. The experiments and findings presented in this thesis relate to artificial societies composed by software agents and the social structures that emerge from their interaction. Inasmuch as these systems aim to capture some aspects of design activity, understanding them is likely to contribute to the understanding of the target system. The first part of this thesis formulates a series of initial computational explorations on cellular automata of social influence and change agency. This simple modelling framework illustrates a number of factors that facilitate change. The potential for a designer to trigger cycles of collective change is demonstrated to depend on the combination of individual and external or situational characteristics. A more comprehensive simulation framework is then introduced to explore the link between designers and their societies based on a systems model of creativity that includes social and epistemological components. In this framework a number of independent variables are set for experimentation including characteristics of individuals, fields, and domains. The effects of these individual and situational parameters are observed in experimental settings. Aspects of relevance in the definition of creativity included in these studies comprise the role of opinion leaders as gatekeepers of the domain, the effects of social organisation, the consequences of public and private access to domain knowledge by designers, and the relation between imitative behaviour and innovation. A number of factors in a social system are identified that contribute to the emergence of phenomena that are normally associated to creativity and innovation in design. At the individual level the role of differences of abilities, persistence, opportunities, imitative behaviour, peer influence, and design strategies are discussed. At the field level determinants under inspection include group structure, social mobility and organisation, emergence of opinion leaders, established rules and norms, and distribution of adoption and quality assessments. Lastly, domain aspects that influence the interaction between designers and their social groups include the generation and access to knowledge, activities of gatekeeping, domain size and distribution, and artefact structure and representation. These insights are discussed in view of current findings and relevant modelling approaches in the literature. Whilst a number of assumptions and results are validated, others contribute to ongoing debates and suggest specific mechanisms and parameters for future experimentation. The thesis concludes by characterising this approach to the study of creativity in design as an alternative �in silico� method of inquiry that enables simulation with phenomena not amenable to direct manipulation. Lines of development for future work are advanced which promise to contribute to the experimental study of the social dimensions of design.
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Chung, Jui-Min, and 鍾瑞敏. "Looking beyond the limit: An alternative situatedness of Taiwanese clinical psychologist." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5sna72.
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碩士國立東華大學
諮商與臨床心理學系
103
The study aimed in observing and studying the situatedness status of Taiwanese clinical psychologist, based on the theme “looking beyond the limit” , clarifying “the limit” and seeking the purpose of “looking beyond the limit, forward the future” in order to expose the alternative situatedness of Taiwanese clinical psychologist. The phenomenological research method used in this study is the hermeneutical phenomenology analysis developed by Wei-Lun Lee (2004) on the situatedness of a person. In accordance with four senior clinical psychologists whose currently performing their duty over decade in Taiwan as the interview subject with the common share of distinct clinical psychological experience.The results of this study showed that: (1) Clinical psychologist placed themselves at the scene of utility of “ psychiatry utility site “, “medical institutions operating site” and “clinical event”. They pursuit of “clinical psychological professional fulfillment” presents two kinds of situatedness, which represents by “frontline-problem solver” and “logistic support” respectively.(2) The clinical psychologist from both kinds of situatedness having their respective linkage way at behavior modes and relationship, showing that clinical psychologist have to recognize and identify their individual position at the scene of utility, in order to develop their own situatedness of “beyond the limit”.(3)Clinical psychologists with the motivation of “looking beyond the limit”, especially in the “clinical events professional fulfillment ” as its cross-border movement to follow “clinical events ” and “utility site” congruence. Based on the findings of the study, author suggest to treat the “frontline - logistics” mode as the possible discourse of clinical psychologists in Taiwan for the current moment, to show in the professional organizations of clinical psychologist, together with different modes of relationship among the other professional and the current training of clinical psychologist which may serve as the prospect for future development of clinical psychologist in Taiwan.
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Huang, Hui-Ting, and 黃慧婷. "The situatedness of Vietnamese women living in Taiwan : A hermeneutic phenomenological study." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2kfvp4.
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Cheng, Cho-Ju, and 鄭焯茹. "The situatedness of Taiwanese clinical psychologist in contact with psychotic patients in the institutions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03461271183942373347.
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碩士國立東華大學
諮商與臨床心理學系
101
This study is aimed at exploring the experiential process in the clinical encounter of clinical psychologists in Taiwan with their psychotic patients. In order to, disclose where they situate themselves within the medical institution system. It should be noted that the main objectives of this study is not the patients but the lived experiences of clinical psychologist among others in medical institutions. The phenomenological research method used in this study is the hermeneutical phenomenology analysis developed by Wei-Lun Lee (2004a) on the situatedness of a person. Four clinical psychologists currently working in medical institutions were interviewed for this study. The results showed the situatedness of a clinical practitioner in their professional practicing presents an experiential disparity between theoretical-based knowledge practice, clinical-encounter practice, and practice based on the medical institution model, thus revealing an intermingled condition of "knowledge events", "clinical events" and "institutional operating events" for the situatedness. Based on the findings that all three events appeared to exist equally with good reasons, the author proposed “creative professional practice” as a way of integrating the three events to allow the clinical psychologist to achieve responsible caretaking in the process of practice.
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Bobowski, Michelle. "Tobacco roads: an exploration of the meaning and situatedness of smoking among homeless adult males in Winnipeg." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17595.
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Homeless individuals are some of the most marginalized Canadians and most likely to use tobacco daily. The transient nature of homeless smokers contributes to marginalization within health care as well as tobacco control strategies. The purpose of this study was to describe acquisition and smoking behaviors of homeless individuals as a first step in developing essential research evidence to inform tobacco control strategies relevant to this vulnerable population. This ethnographic study investigated the everyday reality of 15 male homeless individuals living in the Salvation Army Shelter in Winnipeg. Tobacco use was explored against their environmental and social contexts, homeless smokers used an informal street-based economy for acquisition, and smoking behaviors were high risk for infectious diseases with sharing and smoking discarded cigarettes. Tobacco control strategies that consider homeless individuals have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality along with diminishing inequitable health burdens with this population.
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Lee, Youngmin Driscoll Marcy Perkins. "Student perceptions of problems' structuredness, complexity, situatedness, and information richenss [sic] and their effects on problem-solvingp erformance." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10072004-120306.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Marcy P. Driscoll, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 18, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.
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Yang, Bao-Huan, and 楊寶圜. "The Essential Structure of Situatedness of Anticipatory Loss of Family Resiliency-The family having a school- age child with spinal muscular atrophy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68992286638311233521.
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博士國立陽明大學
護理學系
101
Aim. This Phenomenological study investigated the essential structure of situatedness of anticipatory loss of family resiliency from parents’ opinion of the family having a school- age child with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Background. SMA represents a life-threatening situation for the child and a severe trauma for the family. Family members may experience feelings of despair, hopelessness, and worthlessness – the most common psychological expressions of anticipatory loss. With a focus on family resilience of parents’ experiences help family face the context of anticipatory loss of children with SMA. Method. By using Husserl’s phenomenological approach, the parents having elementary school children with spinal muscular atrophy were interviewed. Verbatim transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed by the Giorgi’s phenomenological approach. Both parents’ interviews were conducted in 2010 with nineteen parents of 10 children with SMA after analysis of the interview data of the informants, no new themes had emerged. Lincoln and Guba’s trustworthiness criteria were employed to evaluate methodological rigor. Results. Results showed that there are 5 different situations of anticipatory loss of the families might be under, including: After gaining knowledge of the disease, family dread that the illness would cause the self-esteem and even life of children; Under the stress of caring for children without hope, family turn the feelings into secret anguish and dispute; The lack of professional care and suggestions make the family suffer; With the impact of the facts, enrich the parent-child attachment; Forsaking the end result- death, parents try to enrich the life of children. When family with SMA children are under the 5 situations as described above, the change of family dynamic system and the interaction manner and change of relation of the secondary system showed that there are 6 themes in family resiliency, includes: Family construct the manner of caring for children; Family return to society and share their experience; Re-adjust working situation and fight for their welfare to seek the economic gain for increasing family resources on surviving; Family support and show better understanding to increase cohesiveness of family; Feel the emptiness and communicate directly to hold the family bond together; Accept the situation by the help of spiritual support from religion. The results of this study provide the information to improve healthcare providers’ understanding of family resilience when they live with anticipatory loss. Hopefully, this can provide a reference for providing palliative care for children. Conclusion. Healthcare professionals should encourage family members to discuss feelings related to their child’s illness. Hospital policies need to include the provision and promotion of support group services for family. It is our hope that these results will serve as a foundation for future researchers’ further exploration in this area of anticipatory loss of family resiliency.
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Türkmen, Ulas. "Situated Concepts and Pre-Linguistic Symbol Use." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-201006076293.
Full textAbstract:
In the recent decades, alternative notions regarding the role of symbols in
intelligence in natural and artificial systems have attracted significant inter-
est. The main difference of the so-called situated and embodied approaches to
cognitive science from the traditional cognitivist position is that symbolic repre-
sentations are viewed as resources, similar to maps used for navigation or plans
for activity, instead of as transparent stand-ins in internal world models. Thus,
all symbolic resources have to be interpreted and re-contextualized for use in
concrete situations. In this view, one of the primary sources of such symbolic
resources is language. Cognitivism views language as a vessel carrying informa-
tion originally located in the processing mechanisms of the individual agents.
Situated approaches, on the other hand, view language both as a communicative
mechanism and as a means for the individual agents to enhance and extend their
cognitive machinery, by e.g. better utilizing their attentional resources, or mod-
ifying their perceptual-motor means. Taking inspiration from these ideas, and
building on multi-agent models developed in other fields, the field of language
evolution developed models of the emergence of shared resources for communi-
cation in a community of agents. In these models, agents with various means
of categorization and learning engage in communicative interactions with each
other, using shared signs to refer either to pre-given meanings or entities in a
situation. In order to avoid falling into the same mentalist pitfalls as cognitivism
in the design of these models, such as the stipulation of an inner sphere of mean-
ings for which communicative signs are mere labels, the role of communication
should be viewed as one of the social coordination of behavior using physically
grounded symbols. To this end, an experimental setup for language games, and
a robotic model for agents which engage in such games are presented. The
setup allows the agents to utilize shared symbols in the completion of a simple
task, with one agent instructing another on which action to undertake. The
symbols used by agents in the language games are grounded in the embodied
choices presented to them by their environment, and the agents can further use
the symbols created in these games for enhancing their own behavioral means.
The learning mechanism of the agents is similarity-based, and uses low-level
sensory data to avoid the building in of features. Experiments have shown that
the establishment of a common vocabulary of labels depends on how well the
instructors are trained on the task and the availability of feedback mechanisms
for the exchanged labels.
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Shih, Hsi-Jung, and 史錫蓉. "The reflecting of the psychotic experiencer’s situatednessin the field of time and workThe reflecting of the psychotic experiencer’s situatednessin the field of time and workThe reflecting of the psychotic experiencer’s situatednessin the field." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83789734679962438263.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
心理學系
97
Objective : This study aims to attain a understanding of the relations between the experiences of psychosis and the expericencer’s work conditions in a more structure way, by the subjective negativity experiences that the experiencer’s psychosis bring, from the experience’s three time fields of past, future and now. Methods:Researcher took out the understanding for experiencer viewpoints by Heidegger’s Sein theory, so as to develop the interview questions and the analytical structure. And by the transcendental phenomenology's Imaginative Variation, researcher achieved step by step a new meaningful understanding between the expericencer’s psychosis experiences and the work conditions through the sympathetic and negativeness clues retrieving from the interviews. Results : in the past field, touched by the negativity experiences bringing by the experiencer’s psychosis, the experiences were shined on to see in the future field the possible style of the experiencer’s existence, and to cause the behaviors in the now field. If it has been dredged between the "now" and the "past" through a sort of dialectical process, the experience structure was developed sticking to the truly dynamical form of the "past- future- now- past" one, therefore the experiencer was situated in relatively stable work position. Conclusions : This study attained an index result about the relations of the experiences of psychosis and the expericencer’s work conditions, but there are some space to pursuit, including : whether the involving of the time fields on the analytical structure becomes an interference of the experiencer existence phenomenon is a matter for argument; on the design of the interviews , how to show the positive meanings from the experiencer’s negative emotion appearance, and how to interview in a more liberal way to collect the data concerning the experiencer’s work phenomenon.
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Samek, Tomáš. "Možnosti deixe jako interpretačního principu: česky a německy mediovaný prostor." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334600.
Full textAbstract:
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav etnologie Historické vědy - etnologie Tomáš Samek Možnosti deixe jako interpretačního principu: česky a německy mediovaný prostor The Possibilities of Deixis as a Principle of Interpretation: Mediation in Czech and German Public Space Abstrakt dizertační práce (anglicky) Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. František Vrhel, CSc. 2015 Key Words and Abstract Key words: deixis; deictic perspective; linguistic categories; descriptive metalanguage; public space; social interaction; interpretive approach; mediated communication; mass media; ideologies; social identity; origo; situatedness; phatic function; Czech; German. Abstract: This thesis examines whether, and to what extent, deixis can be conceptualized as an interpretive principle of social interactions and communication. It addresses the question on both theoretical and empirical levels, analyzing samples of direct and mediated communication in Czech and German public space. In order to capture deictic phenomena by an adequate conceptual framework, I take some binary dichotomies of the descriptive metalanguage of linguistics and reconceptualize them as continuous scales. Using these scales, I explore the notional borders of the term "deixis." I further identify protosymbolic potential in deictic expressions as...