Journal articles on the topic 'Sitting behaviour'
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FLEISCHER, A. G., U. RADEMACHER, and H. J. WINDBERG. "Individual characteristics of sitting behaviour." Ergonomics 30, no. 4 (April 1987): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140138708969762.
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Deeming, D. C. "Effect of Climatic Conditions on the Behaviour of Adult Ostriches (Struthio Camelus) in Britain." Animal Welfare 6, no. 4 (November 1997): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600020054.
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AbstractWelfare is being promoted as a reason why ostriches should not be kept on farms in Europe. It is reasoned that the climate, particularly during winter, is unsuitable for these birds despite there being little scientific evidence to support this claim. This study recorded the frequency of behaviours of male and female adult ostriches kept on a farm in Britain during the spring of 1996. ‘Rainy’, ‘dull and dry’, ‘bright and dry’, and ‘sunny’ weather categories were used to assess the influence of climate on behaviour. Six main behaviours (sitting, standing, pacing, walking, foraging and feeding) were observed together with a variety of low frequency ‘other’ behaviours which were combined for analysis. Gender had no significant effect on any of the behaviour frequencies. During ‘rainy’ periods both males and females showed sitting behaviour five times more than during ‘dull’ and ‘bright’ weather and two and a half times more than during ‘sunny’ weather. Increased sitting behaviour during rainy periods was due to a significant reduction in pacing and ‘other’ behaviours with no significant effect on feeding and foraging behaviours. Sitting during sunny weather also occurred more often than during dull and bright weather but not at the expense of any other particular behaviour. Adult ostriches in Britain alter their behaviour in response to prevailing weather conditions, particularly rain.
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Jacques, Matthew F., Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson, Bryn Edwards, Christian G. De Goede, and Christopher I. Morse. "Quantitative assessment of sitting time in ambulant adults with Muscular Dystrophy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): e0260491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260491.
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Background Current investigations into physical behaviour in Muscular Dystrophy (MD) have focussed largely on physical activity (PA). Negative health behaviours such as sedentary behaviour (Physical Behaviour) and sitting time (Posture Classification) are widely recognised to negatively influence health, but by contrast are poorly reported, yet could be easier behaviours to modify. Methods 14 ambulant men with MD and 12 healthy controls (CTRL) subjects completed 7-days of free-living with wrist-worn accelerometry, assessing physical behaviour (SB or PA) and Posture Classification (Sitting or Standing), presented at absolute (minutes) or relative (% Waking Hours). Participant body composition (Fat Mass and Fat Free Mass) were assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, while functional status was assessed by 10 m walk test and a functional scale (Swinyard Scale). Results Absolute Sedentary Behaviour (2.2 Hours, p = 0.025) and Sitting Time (1.9 Hours, p = 0.030 was greater in adults with MD compared to CTRL and Absolute Physical Activity (3.4 Hours, p < 0.001) and Standing Time (3.2 Hours, p < 0.001) was lower in adults with MD compared to CTRL. Absolute hours of SB was associated with Fat Mass (Kg) (R = 0.643, p < 0.05) in ambulatory adults with MD, Discussion This study has demonstrated increased Sedentary Behaviour (2.2 hours) and Sitting time (1.9 Hours) in adults with MD compared to healthy controls. Extended waking hours in sitting and SB raises concerns with regards to progression of potential cardio-metabolic diseases and co-morbidities in MD.
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MacDonald, Bradley, Claire Fitzsimons, and Ailsa Niven. "Using the COM-B model of behaviour to understand sitting behaviour in UK office workers." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 14, no. 1 (April 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2018.14.1.23.
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Prolonged sedentary behaviour has established health risks; however many individuals spend long periods of time sitting at work. Qualitative researchers suggest that inconsistent effectiveness of interventions may be linked to an incomplete understanding of the nature of and factors influencing sedentary behaviour in the workplace. Therefore, this study’s aim was to use the COM-B model of behaviour, complimented by the Theoretical Domains Framework, to examine how Capability, Opportunity and Motivation influences sitting behaviour at work in office workers. The study was a qualitative phenomenological analysis in which office workers (n=10) who had predominantly desk-based jobs were interviewed about their sitting behaviour at work. Interview analysis using the Nvivo 10 programme and the Framework Method identified themes and quantified the prevalence of each theme across participants. The analysis incorporated a number of procedures to enhance the trustworthiness including researcher reflexive journal and coding triangulation. Physical capability had minimal influence on behaviour, but psychological capability was influential. Physical and social opportunities were influential in terms of the physical environment, nature of the job, social acceptability and norms related to sitting. Both automatic and reflective motivation emerged as being influential on sitting behaviour. To conclude, the COM-B model, complimented by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), facilitated understanding of factors influencing office workers’ sitting behaviour and highlighted a number of potential areas for future intervention foci.
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Ojo, Samson O., Daniel P. Bailey, David J. Hewson, and Angel M. Chater. "Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Breaking Up Sitting Time among Desk-Based Office Workers: A Qualitative Investigation Using the TDF and COM-B." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 14, 2019): 2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162903.
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High amounts of sedentary behaviour, such as sitting, can lead to adverse health consequences. Interventions to break up prolonged sitting in the workplace have used active workstations, although few studies have used behaviour change theory. This study aimed to combine the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to Behaviour system (COM-B) to investigate perceived barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in desk-based office workers. Semi-structured interviews with 25 desk-based employees investigated barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in the workplace. Seven core inductive themes were identified: ‘Knowledge-deficit sitting behaviour’, ‘Willingness to change’, ‘Tied to the desk’, ‘Organisational support and interpersonal influences’, ‘Competing motivations’, ‘Emotional influences’, and ‘Inadequate cognitive resources for action’. These themes were then deductively mapped to 11 of the 14 TDF domains and five of the six COM-B constructs. Participants believed that high amounts of sitting had adverse consequences but lacked knowledge regarding recommendations and were at times unmotivated to change. Physical and social opportunities were identified as key influences, including organisational support and height-adjustable desks. Future research should identify intervention functions, policy categories and behaviour change techniques to inform tailored interventions to change sitting behaviour of office workers.
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Way, Jonathan G., Dean-Lorenz M. Szumylo, and Eric G. Strauss. "An Ethogram Developed on Captive Eastern Coyotes Canis latrans." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i3.317.
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We studied capture Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans) from 27-585 days of age and compiled an ethogram on them. A total of 72247 15-sec samples were taken, amounting to 301 h of field time varying between 59.4–61.3 h per Coyote. A total of 540 behavioral patterns was observed amongst the 16 behaviour categories ranging from 9 (miscellaneous) to 72 (explore/investigate) action patterns per parent category. The 16 parent categories that we believed best described and appropriately sorted the behavioural actions were resting, sitting, sitting1, sitting2, standing, traveling, explore/investigating, hunting, feeding, infantile, greeting, self play, play initiating, playing, agonistic, and miscellaneous. Exploring accounted for >31% of all of the behaviours observed with resting and sitting (combined), standing, traveling, and play as categories decreasing in order of most to least frequent. Despite some omissions in our ethogram and drift associated with its ongoing development, we believe that the large amount of data collected made it rigorous enough to be a useful guide for the species. We argue that although future research will no doubt add to and/or modify components of it, its ease of use in the field (in captivity or in the wild) and it being the first complete ethogram described for the species, make it a useful tool for future researchers.
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Dunstan, David W., Genevieve N. Healy, Takemi Sugiyama, and Neville Owen. "‘Too Much Sitting’ and Metabolic Risk – Has Modern Technology Caught Up with Us?" European Endocrinology 06 (2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2010.06.00.19.
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Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that prolonged sitting (sedentary behaviour: time spent in behaviours that have very low energy expenditure, such as television viewing and desk-bound work) has deleterious cardiovascular and metabolic correlates, which are present even among adults who meet physical activity and health guidelines. Further advances in communication technology and other labour-saving innovations make it likely that the ubiquitous opportunities for sedentary behaviour that currently exist will become even more prevalent in the future. We present evidence that sedentary behaviour (too much sitting) is an important stand-alone component of the physical activity and health equation, particularly in relation to cardio-metabolic risk, and discuss whether it is now time to consider public health and clinical guidelines on reducing prolonged sitting time that are in addition to those promoting regular participation in physical activity.
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Ikogho, O. "SEDENTARY BEHAVIOUR – ARE WE SITTING TOO MUCH?" British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 22 (November 2016): e4.6-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096952.14.
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Leskinen, Tuija, Anna Pulakka, Olli J. Heinonen, Jaana Pentti, Mika Kivimäki, Jussi Vahtera, and Sari Stenholm. "Changes in non-occupational sedentary behaviours across the retirement transition: the Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 8 (April 10, 2018): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209958.
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BackgroundRetirement is a major life transition which may influence health behaviours and time use. Little is known about how sedentary behaviour changes as a result of increased time availability after retirement. The aim of this study was to examine changes in non-occupational sedentary behaviours across the retirement transition. In addition, we examined which preretirement characteristics were associated with these changes.MethodsThe study population consisted of 2011 participants from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study. Repeated postal survey including questions on sedentary behaviour domains (television viewing, computer use at home, sitting in a vehicle and other sitting) were conducted once a year across the retirement transition, covering on average 3.4 study waves. Linear regression with generalised estimating equations was used for the analyses.ResultsTotal sedentary time increased by 73 (95% CI 66 to 80) min/day during the retirement transition. Of the domain-specific sedentary behaviours, television viewing time increased by 28 (95% CI 25 to 32) min/day, computer use at home by 19 (95% CI 17 to 22) min/day and other sitting time by 37 (95% CI 33 to 41) min/day, while time sitting in a vehicle decreased by 6 (95% CI 4 to 9) min/day. Highest increase in total sedentary time was among women and persons who had high occupational sitting time, low physical activity level, sleep difficulties, mental disorders or poor health before retirement (all p values for interaction <0.03).ConclusionTotal and domain-specific sedentary time, except sitting in a vehicle, increased during the retirement transition.
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Hutchinson, Jasmin, Samuel Headley, Tracey Matthews, Greg Spicer, Kristen Dempsey, Sarah Wooley, and Xanne Janssen. "Changes in Sitting Time and Sitting Fragmentation after a Workplace Sedentary Behaviour Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061148.
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Biddle, Stuart J. H. "Fit or sit? Is there a psychology of sedentary behaviour?" Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 7, no. 2 (September 2011): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2011.7.2.5.
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A recent trend in the literature on health behaviours has been the rapid rise in interest in very low ‘activity’ – that is, ‘sedentary behaviour’, or ‘sitting time’. High or prolonged levels of sitting may pose significant health risks and these have often been shown to be apparent even when physical activity levels meet conventional guidelines. This suggests that we need to better understand what influences physical activityandsedentary behaviour, and we should not assume that the same factors will influence both.In this paper I will address the following questions:What is sedentary behaviour?What psychological factors might be associated with sedentary behaviour?What approaches might be used to reduce sedentary behaviour?There is a dearth of psychological research on sedentary behaviour, but what there is points to some significant differences from physical activity. This is consistent with evidence showing that these two domains of behaviour are largely independent.
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Biddle, Bennie, De Cocker, Dunstan, Gardiner, Healy, Lynch, et al. "Controversies in the Science of Sedentary Behaviour and Health: Insights, Perspectives and Future directions from the 2018 Queensland Sedentary Behaviour Think Tank." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234762.
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The development in research concerning sedentary behaviour has been rapid over the past two decades. This has led to the development of evidence and views that have become more advanced, diverse and, possibly, contentious. These include the effects of standing, the breaking up of prolonged sitting and the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the association between sedentary behaviour and health outcomes. The present aim is to report the views of experts (n = 21) brought together (one-day face-to-face meeting in 2018) to consider these issues and provide conclusions and recommendations for future work. Each topic was reviewed and presented by one expert followed by full group discussion, which was recorded, transcribed and analysed. The experts concluded that (a). standing may bring benefits that accrue from postural shifts. Prolonged (mainly static) standing and prolonged sitting are both bad for health; (b). ‘the best posture is the next posture’. Regularly breaking up of sitting with postural shifts and movement is vital; (c). health effects of prolonged sitting are evident even after controlling for MVPA, but high levels of MVPA can attenuate the deleterious effects of prolonged sitting depending on the health outcome of interest. Expert discussion addressed measurement, messaging and future directions.
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Piirtola, Maarit, Jaakko Kaprio, and Annina Ropponen. "A Study of Sedentary Behaviour in the Older Finnish Twin Cohort: A Cross Sectional Analysis." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/209140.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on total sitting time among the Finnish twin cohort. Also, heritability and environmental factors were analysed. The final sample included 6713 twin individuals 53–67 years of age (46% men). Among them there were 1940 complete twin pairs (732 monozygotic [MZ] and 1208 dizygotic [DZ] twin pairs). Sedentary behaviour was queried with a self-reported questionnaire with multiple-choice questions about sitting time at different domains. The mean total sitting time per day was 6 hours 41 minutes (standard deviation: 2 hours 41 minutes). The total sitting time was less in women than in men (P=0.002). Older age was associated with less total sitting time (P<0.001). Those with higher body mass index had higher total sitting time in age and sex adjusted analysis (P<0.001). MZ pairs were more similar for sitting time than DZ pairs, with initial estimates of heritability for the total sitting time of 35%.The influence of shared environmental factors was negligible (1%), while most (64%) of the variation could be ascribed to unique environmental factors, the latter including measurement error.
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Biddle, Gregory, Charlotte Edwardson, Joseph Henson, Melanie Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Alex Rowlands, and Thomas Yates. "Associations of Physical Behaviours and Behavioural Reallocations with Markers of Metabolic Health: A Compositional Data Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102280.
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Standard statistical modelling has shown that the reallocation of sitting time to either standing or stepping may be beneficial for metabolic health. However, this overlooks the inherent dependency of time spent in all behaviours. The aim is to examine the associations between physical behaviours and markers of metabolic health (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2-h glucose, 2-h insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA-IS), Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (Matsuda-ISI) while quantifying the associations of reallocating time from one physical behaviour to another using compositional analysis. Objectively measured physical behaviour data were analysed (n = 435) using compositional analysis and compositional isotemporal substitutions to estimate the association of reallocating time from one behaviour to another in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Stepping time was associated with all markers of metabolic health relative to all other behaviours. Reallocating 30 min from sleep, sitting, or standing to stepping was associated with 5–6 fold lower 2-h glucose, 15–17 fold lower 2-h insulin, and higher insulin sensitivity (10–11 fold via HOMA-IS, 12–15 fold via Matsuda-ISI). Associations of reallocating time from any behaviour to stepping were maintained for 2-h glucose, 2-h insulin, and Matsuda-ISI after further adjusting for body mass index (BMI). Relocating time from stepping into sleep, sitting, or standing was associated with lower insulin sensitivity. Stepping time may be the most important behavioural composition when promoting improved metabolic health in adults at risk of T2DM.
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Sutherland, Casey A., Mary Kynn, Rachel L. Cole, and Marion A. Gray. "Interventions reducing sedentary behaviour of adults: An update of evidence." Health Education Journal 79, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919878225.
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Objectives: This review updates evidence of previous reviews on interventions that target reducing sedentary behaviour among 18- to 69-year-old working aged adults. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Informit, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and ProQuest. Quality was assessed for individual articles using McMaster University Guidelines. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise findings across studies. Results: Fifteen studies were identified with critical appraisal scores ranging from 10 to 14 (of a possible 15), with a mean score of 11.7 indicating overall moderate quality. The majority of interventions were implemented in the workplace. Others were based in the neighbourhood and education institution settings. Just over half of the studies ( n = 9) reported a significant decrease in sedentary behaviour, including in total sedentary behaviour and sitting time, work sitting time and leisure sitting time. Overall sitting time decreases ranged from 8 to 122 minutes per day across all settings. Conclusion: There is some emerging evidence that sedentary behaviour interventions have the potential to reduce sedentary behaviour of working aged adults. However, given the paucity of literature, the effectiveness of such interventions is currently inconclusive. Further high-quality research across different settings is needed using validated standardised measures of sedentary behaviour.
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Chapman, Janine, Chloe Fletcher, Nadia Corsini, and Georgina de Cure. "Australian office workers' response to sedentary behaviour messaging." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-12-2018-0157.
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PurposeTo provide insight into how office workers respond to sedentary health messages following the introduction of the Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines.Design/methodology/approachVia online survey, office workers (n = 185) reported awareness of the Guidelines and sedentary risk, availability of workplace movement-based initiatives, and measures of sitting time, intention, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers to sedentary behaviour. Participants then viewed one of two brief messages (“Occupational Risk” or “Strategies”); indicated their message receptivity and provided written recommendations. Participants who consented to a second survey (n = 126) completed sitting time and psychological measures again after four weeks.FindingsOnly 23% were aware of the Guidelines; willingness to follow public health guidance was mixed. Barriers to adoption were apparent for existing initiatives. Message receptivity was high for both messages. For the follow-up survey, an improvement in psychological variables and workplace sitting was reported in those who viewed the Occupational Risk compared to the Strategies message. Qualitative analysis revealed lack of organisational support and called for increased employer responsibility.Research limitations/implicationsAs participants self-selected into the study, the sample may be more health-conscious than the typical office worker.Practical implicationsWorkers are receptive to brief messages and the Occupational Risk message showed promise in promoting change. However, sedentary exposure is viewed as an organisational-level issue. A “whole of workplace” approach is needed with co-designed strategies tailored to the culture and working practices within the organisation.Originality/valueThis study offers insight into avenues for improving the management of prolonged sitting and workplace sedentary behaviour.
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Marchant, Gonzalo, Guillaume Chevance, Andrés Ladino, Brice Lefèvre, and Nicolas Jacquemond. "Behavioural patterns of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of the effects of active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen use on physical activity and sitting time." F1000Research 11 (May 25, 2022): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.117843.1.
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Background: The closure of universities due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may alter the behaviour of students. This study aimed to determine the effect of the pandemic on physical activity and sitting time in French students prior to confinement and during confinement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on data collected via an online questionnaire for university students during the second confinement in France (between October and December 2020). Participants (N= 2873) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and contained questions about modes of transport, and perception of uninterrupted sitting time and screen time prior to confinement and during confinement. Multiple regression models assessed how active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen time studying increased or reduced confinement effects on physical activity and sitting time. Results: The regression models showed that physical activity decreased during confinement for students who engaged in more prolonged periods of active transportation prior to confinement. Moreover, the perception of long, uninterrupted sitting time and high screen time prior to confinement significantly increased sitting time during confinement. Students who adopted the most active transport time prior to confinement were the least likely to increase their screen time during confinement. Conclusions: Confinement reduced physical activity levels and increased sitting time, mainly among students who adopted active transport and accumulated longer uninterrupted sitting time. Students who combined-long periods of uninterrupted sitting time with high screen use could be a riskier profile for health. Analysis of physical activity time and sitting position should include its accumulation patterns.
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McGuckin, Teneale, Rebecca Sealey, and Fiona Barnett. "Planning for sedentary behaviour interventions: office workers’ survey and focus group responses." Perspectives in Public Health 137, no. 6 (March 25, 2017): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913917698003.
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Aims: As sedentary behaviour is becoming more prominent in office-based work environments, this study aimed to explore office workers’ perceptions of sedentary behaviour, explore potential behavioural strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in the workplace and identify barriers which may hamper behaviour change. Methods: A total of 140 office workers were recruited and surveyed from the same workplace. The survey included questions regarding perceptions of the relationship between sitting time and health. Following the survey, 12 employees also participated in focus groups to identify potential sedentary behaviour intervention strategies and barriers. The responses from the survey and focus groups were thematically analysed. Results: In total, 88% of all participants surveyed agreed that there was a relationship between sitting time and their health. The most prominent theme identified was musculoskeletal complaints followed by general health and weight gain or obesity. The focus groups identified that interventions targeting reducing sitting time should include education, supportive and knowledgeable managers, and a variety of behaviour change strategies to address individual preferences and barriers. Conclusion: Multiple behavioural strategies were identified, which appear to be appropriate for sedentary behaviour change.
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Sultana, Shabiha, Md Rakibul Hassan, Byung Soo Kim, and Kyeong Seon Ryu. "Effect of various monochromatic light-emitting diode colours on the behaviour and welfare of broiler chickens." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 100, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0242.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different monochromatic light-emitting diode colours on the behaviour and welfare of broiler chicks. A total of 750 one-day-old chicks were used and lighting was set up as follows: pure blue (PB, 440–450 nm), bright blue (460–470 nm), sky blue (480–490 nm), greenish blue (500–510 nm), and green (530–540), while fluorescent white (400–700 nm) was used as a control. Birds were placed into 30 independent light proof pens and each light treatment was replicated five times with 25 birds in each pen. Video was recorded and behaviour was evaluated twice per day and observed five consecutive days in a week. Broiler welfare was evaluated using the characteristics of gait score, tibia dyschondroplasia, tonic immobility duration, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. In results, sitting, walking, and ground pecking behaviour were influenced by the light colour from 0 to 7 d. Extending the rearing period from 8 to 21 d resulted in increased sitting behaviour and decreased walking and pecking behaviour in chicks in the PB treatment (P < 0.05). When the growth period was extended further (22–42 d), sitting behaviour increased when chicks were exposed to PB light (P < 0.05). The effect of light colour did not significantly influence welfare of broiler chicks. Thus, the present results suggest that PB light colour decreased broiler chickens movement and thus increased duration of sitting behaviour. These results would be helpful to choose light colour for broiler producers.
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Dragoi, Iulia Iovanca, Florina Georgeta Popescu, Teodor Petrita, Florin Alexa, Sorin Barac, Cosmina Ioana Bondor, Elena-Ana Pauncu, Frank L. Bowling, Neil D. Reeves, and Mihai Ionac. "Acute Effects of Sedentary Behavior on Ankle Torque Assessed with a Custom-Made Electronic Dynamometer." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092474.
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Inactivity negatively influences general health, and sedentary behaviour is known to impact the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of time spent in active and sedentary behaviour on foot muscle strength. In this observational study, we compared the acute effects of one day of prolonged sitting and one day of low-to-moderate level of activity on ankle torque in one group of eight healthy participants. Peak ankle torque was measured using a portable custom-made electronic dynamometer. Three consecutive maximal voluntary isometric contractions for bilateral plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles were captured at different moments in time. The average peak torque significant statistically decreased at 6 h (p = 0.019) in both static and active behaviours, with a higher average peak torque in the active behaviour (p < 0.001). Age, gender, body mass index and average steps did not have any significant influence on the average value of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The more time participants maintained either static or active behaviour, the less force was observed during ankle torque testation. The static behaviour represented by the sitting position was associated with a higher reduction in the average peak ankle torque during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction when compared to the active behaviour.
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Gradidge, P. "Targeting sedentary behaviour for behavioural change: Opportunities for new strategies." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 29, no. 1 (October 24, 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2017/v29i1a2957.
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Background: The South African online population is rapidly transforming into one which is always reachable. The economic benefits of this transition are vast; however, the impact on obesity and related diseases is potentially devastatingDiscussion: In this commentary it is proposed that public health strategies be revisited to align with the contemporary digital evolution, particularly as increased web-based applications suggest higher amounts of sitting times.Conclusion: It is necessary to gain a better understanding of the different domains of sedentary behaviour, and the manner in which they interact, to begin to develop strategies to reduce sitting time, and thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Saunders, Travis J., Jean-Philippe Chaput, Gary S. Goldfield, Rachel C. Colley, Glen P. Kenny, Eric Doucet, and Mark S. Tremblay. "Children and youth do not compensate for an imposed bout of prolonged sitting by reducing subsequent food intake or increasing physical activity levels: a randomised cross-over study." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 4 (September 4, 2013): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451300295x.
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The behavioural impact of an imposed bout of prolonged sitting is yet to be investigated in the paediatric population. The objective of the present study was to determine the acute effect of prolonged sitting onad libitumfood intake and spontaneous physical activity (PA) levels in healthy children and youth. A total of twenty healthy youth (twelve males and eight females) aged 10–14 years, with a mean BMI of 18·6 (sd4·3) kg/m2, were exposed to three experimental conditions in a random order: (1) a day of uninterrupted sitting (Sedentary); (2) a day of sitting interrupted with a 2 min light-intensity walk break every 20 min (Breaks); (3) a day of sitting interrupted with a 2 min light-intensity walk break every 20 min as well as 2 × 20 min of moderate-intensity PA (Breaks+PA). Food intake (ad libitumbuffet meal) and PA (accelerometry for 24 h) were assessed following exposure to each experimental condition. Despite significant differences in sedentary behaviour and activity levels during the three in-laboratory sessions (allP< 0·01), we did not observe any differences inad libitumfood intake immediately following exposure to each experimental condition or any changes in the levels of sedentary behaviour or PA in the 24 h following exposure to each experimental condition (allP>0·25). These findings suggest that children and youth may not compensate for an imposed bout of sedentary behaviour by reducing subsequent food intake or increasing PA levels.
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Nichani, Vikram, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Koichiro Oka, Tomoki Nakaya, Ai Shibata, Kaori Ishii, Akitomo Yasunaga, Jennifer E. Vena, and Gavin R. McCormack. "Associations between neighbourhood street connectivity and sedentary behaviours in Canadian adults: Findings from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): e0269829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269829.
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Evidence suggests that neighbourhood street connectivity is positively associated with physical activity, yet few studies have estimated its associations with sedentary behaviour. We estimated the associations between space syntax derived street integration, a novel measure of street connectivity, and sedentary behaviours among Canadian adults. Data were sourced from a population-based study–Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (n = 14,758). Items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire captured sedentary behaviour, including sitting and motor vehicle travel time and walking. Street integration was measured within a 1600m radius of participants’ homes. Covariate-adjusted linear regression models estimated the associations between street integration and sedentary behaviour. Street integration was significantly positively associated with daily minutes of sitting on week (b 6.44; 95CI 3.60, 9.29) and weekend (b 4.39; 95CI 1.81, 6.96) days, and for week and weekend days combined (b 5.86; 95CI 3.30, 8.41) and negatively associated with daily minutes of motor vehicle travel (b -3.72; 95CI -3.86, -1.55). These associations remained significant after further adjustment for daily walking participation and duration. More research is needed to understand the pathways by which street integration positively and or negatively affects sedentary behaviour.
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Reichel, Kathrin, Michaela Prigge, Ute Latza, Tobias Kurth, and Eva-Maria Backé. "Association of occupational sitting with cardiovascular outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review with a sex-sensitive/gender-sensitive perspective." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e048017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048017.
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ObjectivesSedentary behaviour is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular health. Although long periods of sedentary behaviour take place at work, evidence of the relationship between such occupational sitting and cardiometabolic health risks remains limited. This systematic review aimed to update the evidence on the associations of occupational sitting with cardiovascular outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors based on longitudinal studies.DesignSystematic review.SettingWorkplace.PopulationEmployees aged 18–65 years.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes were cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic risk markers. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.Data sourcesTen databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL (search January 2018, updated February 2019).Data extraction and synthesisData were screened, extracted and appraised by three independent reviewers following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsStudies were markedly heterogeneous in terms of measurement of occupational sitting, cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, so that standards were hardly identifiable and limiting the value of the evidence. The review included 27 high or acceptable quality publications. Of the eight high-quality publications from seven cohorts, three cohort studies found significant associations of occupational sitting with primary outcomes. Additionally, one study described an association with the secondary outcome. Another high-quality publication found an association between occupational sitting and ischaemic heart disease in a subgroup already at risk due to hypertension. For sex/gender analysis, 11 of the 27 high and acceptable quality publications reported sex-stratified results. Five of these found sex differences.ConclusionsEvidence regarding the association of occupational sitting with cardiometabolic health risks was limited because of the lack of standardised measurements for occupational sitting. Occupational sitting combined with an overall sedentary lifestyle was associated with an elevated relative risk for several cardiometabolic outcomes. There is an urgent need for standardised measurements of occupational sitting to facilitate meta-analysis. Sex/gender aspects of this relationship require further investigation.
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Setiyowati, Yovita Dwi, and Yohana Rani Hartati. "Hubungan antara Pengetahuan, Perilaku Ergonomi Fisik Siswa Sma saat Belajar dan Kejadian Nyeri Punggung pada Siswa SMA Jakarta Barat." Dunia keperawatan: Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jdk.v10i1.12.
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Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by poor sitting posture. The incident of low back pain among students are effected by knowledge, computer use, and sitting posture.The purpose of this study was known the relationship among knowledge, physical ergonomic behaviour, and low back pain incidence at Senior High School Jakarta. This research used a quantitative methode with descriptive correlative research design and cross-sectional approach. The total sample was 114 students with purposive sampling technique. The result use Chi-Square test showed that knowledge was significant association (p <0,05) with ergonomic behaviour, and ergonomic behaviour was significant asociation with low back pain incidence (p-value = 0.000).
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Mainsbridge, Casey P., Dean Cooley, Sharon P. Fraser, and Scott J. Pedersen. "A workplace intervention designed to interrupt prolonged occupational sitting." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 9, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-01-2015-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a workplace intervention designed to interrupt prolonged occupational sitting time (POST) and its impact on the self-reported health of a cohort of desk-based employees. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 43 participants received an interactive computer-based software intervention for 26 weeks. For the first 13 weeks the intervention passively prompted the participants to interrupt POST and perform brief bouts of non-purposeful movement. The second 13 weeks involved the passivity of the intervention being removed, with the intervention only accessible voluntarily by the participant. This approach was adopted to determine the sustainability of the intervention to change workplace health behaviour. Findings – ANOVA results revealed a significant interaction between group and test occasion, F(2, 42)=2.79, p < 0.05, such that the experimental group increased their total health from pre-test to post-test (13 weeks), and to second post-test (26 weeks) with a medium effect size of Cohen’s d=0.37. Research limitations/implications – An action research approach was implemented for this study, and hence the participants were organised into one group. Based on a communitarian model, the intervention aimed to monitor how desk-based employees adapted to specific health behaviours, and therefore a control group was not included. Practical implications – Passively prompting desk-based employees to interrupt POST and perform non-purposeful movement at work improved self-reported health. Participant perceptions of health were maintained following the removal of the passive feature of the intervention. Social implications – Interventions predicated on a social ecological model that modify how employees interact with the workplace environment might provide a framework for health behaviour change in populations where sitting is customary. Originality/value – The passive approach used in this study removed the individual decision-making process to engage in health behaviour change, and established a sustainable effect on participant health.
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Curran, Fiona, Catherine Blake, Caitriona Cunningham, Carla Perrotta, Hidde van der Ploeg, James Matthews, and Grainne O’Donoghue. "Efficacy, characteristics, behavioural models and behaviour change strategies, of non-workplace interventions specifically targeting sedentary behaviour; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials in healthy ambulatory adults." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): e0256828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256828.
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Background Sedentary behaviour (SB) research has grown exponentially but efficacy for interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour is often contaminated by interventions primarily or co-targeting other behaviours and outcomes. The primary aim of this research therefore, was to systematically review the efficacy of interventions specifically targeting sedentary behaviour reduction, as a sole primary outcome, from randomised control trials in healthy ambulatory adults. This research also sought to identify the successful interventions characteristics, behaviour change techniques (BCT’s) and underlying theories, and their relation to intervention effectiveness. Methods We followed PRISMA reporting guidelines for this systematic review. Six electronic databases were searched and a grey literature review conducted. Only randomised or cluster randomised controlled trials, from 2000 to 2020, in adult populations with a sole primary outcome of change in sedentary behaviour were included. Data codebooks were developed, data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis was conducted using mixed methods random effects models. Results Of 5589 studies identified, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies reported activPAL3 measures of mean daily sitting time, and four reported mean daily standing time, stepping time and number of sedentary breaks. Pooled analysis of weighted mean differences revealed a reduction in mean daily sitting time of -32.4mins CI (-50.3, -14.4), an increase in mean daily standing time of 31.75mins CI (13.7, 49.8), and mean daily stepping time of 9.5mins CI (2.8, 16.3), and an increase in rate of sedentary breaks per day of 3.6 (CI 1.6, 5.6). BCTs used exclusively in two of the three most effective interventions are ‘feedback on behaviour’ and ‘goal setting behaviour’ whilst all three most effective interventions included ‘instruction on how to perform the behaviour’ and ‘adding objects to the environment’, BCTs which were also used in less effective interventions. Conclusions Although limited by small sample sizes and short follow up periods, this review suggests that interventions specifically designed to change sedentary behaviour, reduce overall daily sitting time by half an hour, with an equivalent increase in standing time, in the short to medium term. Effective characteristics and behaviour change strategies are identified for future development of high quality interventions targeting change in sedentary behaviour. Prospero registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020172457 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172457.
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Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Ulf Ekelund, Ding Ding, Mark Hamer, Adrian E. Bauman, and I.-Min Lee. "Is the time right for quantitative public health guidelines on sitting? A narrative review of sedentary behaviour research paradigms and findings." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 6 (June 10, 2018): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099131.
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Sedentary behaviour (SB) has been proposed as an ‘independent’ risk factor for chronic disease risk, attracting much research and media attention. Many countries have included generic, non-quantitative reductions in SB in their public health guidelines and calls for quantitative SB targets are increasing. The aim of this narrative review is to critically evaluate key evidence areas relating to the development of guidance on sitting for adults. We carried out a non-systematic narrative evidence synthesis across seven key areas: (1) definition of SB, (2) independence of sitting from physical activity, (3) use of television viewing as a proxy of sitting, (4) interpretation of SB evidence, (5) evidence on ‘sedentary breaks’, (6) evidence on objectively measured sedentary SB and mortality and (7) dose response of sitting and mortality/cardiovascular disease. Despite research progress, we still know little about the independent detrimental health effects of sitting, and the possibility that sitting is mostly the inverse of physical activity remains. Unresolved issues include an unclear definition, inconsistencies between mechanistic and epidemiological studies, over-reliance on surrogate outcomes, a very weak epidemiological evidence base to support the inclusion of ‘sedentary breaks’ in guidelines, reliance on self-reported sitting measures, and misinterpretation of data whereby methodologically inconsistent associations are claimed to be strong evidence. In conclusion, public health guidance requires a consistent evidence base but this is lacking for SB. The development of quantitative SB guidance, using an underdeveloped evidence base, is premature; any further recommendations for sedentary behaviour require development of the evidence base and refinement of the research paradigms used in the field.
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Shah, Dr Jahanvi, and Dr T. Kanna Amarnath. "Correlation Between Level of Physical Activity and Thoracic Spine Mobility Among Sedentary Young Individuals." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221130.
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Background: Sedentary lifestyle is an undesirable characteristic of modern society, affecting significant proportion of population. Technological advances, societal influences and environmental attributes have significantly influenced the way we spend our leisure work and travel time and how we live our lives at home and in our communities, resulting in substantial proportions of the day spent in sedentary pursuits or sitting. Need of the study: Due to prolonged sitting it is reasonable to suppose that sedentary behavior may induce musculoskeletal changes within relatively stiff thoracic spine contributing towards dysfunction in adjacent spinal regions. Despite the fact that the effects of prolonged sitting and physical activity on thoracic spine mobility have not been widely investigated, so here arises the need of this study is to evaluate the level of physical activity and thoracic spine mobility among sedentary young individuals. Methodology: Physical activity and sitting time measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Universal Goniometer is used to measure thoracic spine mobility (Age 18-30). Result: The correction coefficient “r” is found to be 0.392 on right thoracic spine rotation and 0.365 on left thoracic spine rotation with (p<0.05) indicating highly significant correlation between physical activity and thoracic spine mobility on both sides. Conclusion: This study indicates that sedentary behaviors with light intensity of physical activity have reduced thoracic spine mobility. Key words: Thoracic Spine Mobility, Physical activity, Sedentary behaviour, Young individuals.
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Cooley, P. Dean, Casey P. Mainsbridge, Vaughan Cruickshank, Hongwei Guan, Anjia Ye, and Scott J. Pedersen. "Peer champions responses to nudge-based strategies designed to reduce prolonged sitting behaviour: Lessons learnt and implications from lived experiences of non-compliant participants." AIMS Public Health 9, no. 3 (2022): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2022040.
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<abstract> <p>Occupational sedentariness is problematic for office-based workers because of their prolonged sitting periods and the advent of technology which reduces work-based movement. A common workplace strategy to deal with this preventable health risk is to have workers engage in brief movement breaks throughout the workday. To date, the use of interventions underpinned by individual self-regulation has had less than optimal impact on changing workers sedentary work behaviours. An alternative design for workplace interventions is the use of nudge theory. Nudge theory incorporates strategies that are delivered at the point of choice designed to influence individual decision making regarding alternative behaviour options. In this study, desk-based workers were exposed to two nudge strategies which suggested alternative behaviours of regular standing and taking movement breaks during work periods to the default behaviours of prolonged sitting and sedentary work behaviour. A small group of women managers who served as peer champions (n = 6), withdrew early from the study, and then took part in an exit interview to gain an understanding of their experiences of being exposed to the two nudge strategies. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis. Two major themes with seven second order themes central to their experiences were extracted: facilitative behaviour and feelings (advocacy, acceptance & facilitative burden) and dysfunctional behaviours and feelings (dysfunctional behaviour & feelings, control, reactance & presenteeism). Participants initially perceived a positive exchange associated with exposure to nudge strategies. Yet, participants' emotional connection to their work roles and behaviour were perceived as a negative exchange. Participants cited numerous maladaptive feelings because of a perception of incongruency with the established work normative behaviour. These findings reveal that nudge strategies of reduced choice and social norms are viable, but perceptions of monitoring can moderate adherence.</p> </abstract>
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Jorgensen, Cynthia M. "Scientific recommendations and human behaviour: sitting out in the sun." Lancet 360, no. 9330 (August 2002): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09601-0.
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Morris, Abigail S., Kelly A. Mackintosh, David Dunstan, Neville Owen, Paddy Dempsey, Thomas Pennington, and Melitta A. McNarry. "Rise and Recharge: Effects on Activity Outcomes of an e-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers’ Sitting Time." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 9300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249300.
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This feasibility study evaluated the effects of an individual-level intervention to target office workers total and prolonged sedentary behaviour during working hours, using an e-health smartphone application. A three-arm (Prompt-30 or 60 min Intervention arm and a No-Prompt Comparison arm), quasi-randomised intervention was conducted over 12 weeks. Behavioural outcomes (worktime sitting, standing, stepping, prolonged sitting, and physical activity) were monitored using accelerometers and anthropometrics measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Cardiometabolic measures were taken at baseline and 12 weeks. Fifty-six office workers (64% female) completed baseline assessments. The Prompt-60 arm was associated with a reduction in occupational sitting time at 6 (−46.8 min/8 h workday [95% confidence interval = −86.4, −6.6], p < 0.05) and 12 weeks (−69.6 min/8 h workday [−111.0, −28.2], p < 0.05) relative to the No-Prompt Comparison arm. Sitting was primarily replaced with standing in both arms (p > 0.05). Both Intervention arms reduced time in prolonged sitting bouts at 12 weeks (Prompt-30: −27.0 [−99.0, 45.0]; Prompt-60: −25.8 [−98.4, 47.4] min/8 h workday; both p > 0.05). There were no changes in steps or cardiometabolic risk. Findings highlight the potential of a smartphone e-health application, suggesting 60 min prompts may present an optimal frequency to reduce total occupational sedentary behaviour.
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Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Jet JCS, Lara A. Pilutti, Joan L. Duda, and Robert W. Motl. "Sedentary behaviour in people with multiple sclerosis: Is it time to stand up against MS?" Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, no. 10 (July 11, 2016): 1250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516644340.
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Historically, people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been considered sedentary, although the actual scientific study of sedentary behaviour in MS did not originate until 2011. Sedentary behaviour, which is conceptually distinct from physical inactivity, is defined as any waking activity characterised by an energy expenditure ⩽ 1.5 metabolic equivalents and in a sitting or reclining posture. In the general population, the volume of sitting time is associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality, independent of physical activity, and has been suggested to carry a greater risk of mortality than smoking behaviour. There are many symptoms of MS (e.g. mobility disability and fatigue) that could increase the prevalence of sedentary behaviour, and sedentary behaviour may have considerable implications for the development of comorbid conditions prevalent in MS. This review provides a summary of the rates, correlates, consequences and interventions attempting to reduce sedentary behaviour in MS. We provide a research agenda that guides future research on sedentary behaviour in MS. This paper provides a clarion call that it is time to ‘stand up against MS’.
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Zemp, Roland, Matteo Tanadini, Stefan Plüss, Karin Schnüriger, Navrag B. Singh, William R. Taylor, and Silvio Lorenzetti. "Application of Machine Learning Approaches for Classifying Sitting Posture Based on Force and Acceleration Sensors." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5978489.
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Occupational musculoskeletal disorders, particularly chronic low back pain (LBP), are ubiquitous due to prolonged static sitting or nonergonomic sitting positions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an instrumented chair with force and acceleration sensors to determine the accuracy of automatically identifying the user’s sitting position by applying five different machine learning methods (Support Vector Machines, Multinomial Regression, Boosting, Neural Networks, and Random Forest). Forty-one subjects were requested to sit four times in seven different prescribed sitting positions (total 1148 samples). Sixteen force sensor values and the backrest angle were used as the explanatory variables (features) for the classification. The different classification methods were compared by means of a Leave-One-Out cross-validation approach. The best performance was achieved using the Random Forest classification algorithm, producing a mean classification accuracy of 90.9% for subjects with which the algorithm was not familiar. The classification accuracy varied between 81% and 98% for the seven different sitting positions. The present study showed the possibility of accurately classifying different sitting positions by means of the introduced instrumented office chair combined with machine learning analyses. The use of such novel approaches for the accurate assessment of chair usage could offer insights into the relationships between sitting position, sitting behaviour, and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.
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van Bakel, Bram M. A., Frederik M. A. van den Heuvel, Jacqueline L. Vos, Hajar Rotbi, Esmée A. Bakker, Robin Nijveldt, Dick H. J. Thijssen, and Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels. "High Levels of Sedentary Time in Patients with COVID-19 after Hospitalisation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11041110.
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Many patients with COVID-19 experience severe and even fatal disease. Survivors may have long-term health consequences, but data on physical activity and sedentary behaviour are scarce. Therefore, we objectively assessed physical activity (PA) patterns among post-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and explored associations with patient characteristics, disease severity and cardiac dysfunction. We objectively assessed PA, sedentary behaviour and sleep duration for 24 h/day during 8 days at 3-6 months after COVID-19 hospitalisation. PA and sedentary time were compared across pre-defined subgroups based on patient and disease characteristics, cardiac biomarker release during hospitalisation, abnormal transthoracic echocardiogram at 3-6 months post-hospitalisation and persistence of symptoms post-discharge. PA and sedentary behaviour were assessed in 37 patients (60 ± 10 years old; 78% male). Patients spent 4.2 [3.2; 5.3] h/day light-intensity PA and 1.0 [0.8; 1.4] h/day moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA. Time spent sitting was 9.8 [8.7; 11.2] h/day, which was accumulated in 6 [5; 7] prolonged sitting bouts (≥30 min) and 41 [32; 48] short sitting bouts (<30 min). No differences in PA and sedentary behaviour were found across subgroups, but sleep duration was higher in patients with versus without persistent symptoms (9.1 vs. 8.3 h/day, p = 0.02). Taken together, high levels of sedentary time are common at 3–6 months after COVID-19 hospitalisation, whilst PA and sedentary behaviour are not impacted by patient or disease characteristics.
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Griffiths, Thomas D., Diane Crone, Mike Stembridge, and Rachel N. Lord. "Co-Production at Work: The Process of Breaking Up Sitting Time to Improve Cardiovascular Health. A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010361.
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Prolonged sitting negatively affects several cardiovascular disease biomarkers. Current workplace physical activity interventions to reduce sitting result in inconsistent uptake and adherence rates. Co-production attempts to improve the translation of evidence to practice through engaging the participants within the intervention design, improving the context sensitivity and acceptability of the intervention. A needs analysis questionnaire was initially conducted (n = 157) to scope workplace behaviours and attitudes. A development group (n = 11) was consulted in focus groups around the needs analysis findings and asked to comment on the feasibility of a proposed intervention. A pilot intervention was then carried out (n = 5). The needs analysis indicated that only 1.8% (n = 4) engaged in occupational physical activity, and 68.7% (n = 103) sat for ≥6 h during their working day. Through the focus groups, an intervention breaking up sitting time hourly with five-minute walking breaks was co-produced. Cultural and pragmatic issues concerning the implementation of frequent physical activity breaks from sitting and the subsequent impact on work productivity were highlighted. The pilot intervention increased the number of breaks from sedentary behaviour from 2 to 11. The co-production methodology resulted in a research- and stakeholder-guided compromise. Large-scale intervention implementation is required before firm effectiveness conclusions can be made.
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Rands, Sean A. "Mobbing and sitting tight at the nest as methods of avoiding brood parasitism." Interface Focus 2, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0080.
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The arms race between brood parasites and their hosts has led to many different host behaviours for avoiding parasitism. Some of these behaviours are social, and require the presence of conspecifics to work effectively: in response to alarm calls, some species engage in mobbing behaviour where neighbours join nest tenants in attacking and repelling an invading brood parasite. There are risks involved for the neighbours, but it has been demonstrated that social mobbing allows individuals to learn about the presence of brood parasites in the environment, suggesting that social learning is occurring. Here, I consider whether using social signals to alert naive individuals to the presence of brood parasites is a suitable strategy, compared with sitting tight on the nest in response to the signal (which should reduce the chances of being parasitized). I also compare the efficiency of these strategies with the case where individuals fail to change behaviour in response a brood parasite. Using an individual-based simulation model, I demonstrate that both mobbing and sitting tight are effective strategies in response to a signal, and that mobbing is more effective when the chances of being parasitized increase. These results are discussed and compared with known host–brood parasite relationships.
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Ekegren, Christina L., Elton R. Edwards, Lara Kimmel, and Belinda J. Gabbe. "Do levels of sedentary behaviour and physical activity differ according to weight-bearing status after lower limb fracture? A prospective cohort study." Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation 28 (January 1, 2021): 221049172110204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22104917211020436.
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Background/purpose: To determine whether sedentary behaviour and physical activity differ according to initial weight-bearing status 2 weeks and 6 months after lower limb (LL) fracture. Methods: Two weeks and 6 months following LL fracture, 47 adults aged 18–69 wore ActiGraph and activPAL accelerometers for 10 days. Sitting time, steps, and moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) were compared between weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) groups. Results: Two weeks post-discharge, the NWB group sat significantly more than the WB group (median: 14.1 h/day vs. 13.3 h/day; p = 0.04). These differences were apparent for female and middle-aged participants. At 6 months, there were no significant differences between weight-bearing groups for sitting time, steps or MPA. Conclusion: Weight-bearing restriction had an early impact on sitting time, but this impact lessened over time. While considering the need for rest, advice about reducing sitting time may be particularly important for people who are NWB post-fracture.
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Barone Gibbs, Bethany, Andrea L. Hergenroeder, Sophy J. Perdomo, Robert J. Kowalsky, Anthony Delitto, and John M. Jakicic. "Reducing sedentary behaviour to decrease chronic low back pain: the stand back randomised trial." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 5 (January 12, 2018): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104732.
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ObjectiveThe Stand Back study evaluated the feasibility and effects of a multicomponent intervention targeting reduced prolonged sitting and pain self-management in desk workers with chronic low back pain (LBP).MethodsThis randomised controlled trial recruited 27 individuals with chronic LBP, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) >10% and desk jobs (sitting ≥20 hours/week). Participants were randomised within strata of ODI (>10%–<20%, ≥20%) to receive bimonthly behavioural counselling (in-person and telephone), a sit-stand desk attachment, a wrist-worn activity-prompting device and cognitive behavioural therapy for LBP self-management or control. Self-reported work sitting time, visual analogue scales (VAS) for LBP and the ODI were assessed by monthly, online questionnaires and compared across intervention groups using linear mixed models.ResultsBaseline mean (SD) age was 52 (11) years, 78% were women, and ODI was 24.1 (10.5)%. Across the 6-month follow-up in models adjusted for baseline value, work sitting time was 1.5 hour/day (P<0.001) lower comparing intervention to controls. Also across follow-up, ODI was on average 8 points lower in intervention versus control (P=0.001). At 6 months, the relative decrease in ODI from baseline was 50% in intervention and 14% in control (P=0.042). LBP from VAS was not significantly reduced in intervention versus control, though small-to-moderate effect sizes favouring the intervention were observed (Cohen’s d ranged from 0.22 to 0.42).ConclusionAn intervention coupling behavioural counselling targeting reduced sedentary behaviour and pain self-management is a translatable treatment strategy that shows promise for treating chronic LBP in desk-bound employees.Trial registration numberNCT0224687; Pre-results.
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Mazzoli, Emiliano, Jo Salmon, Wei-Peng Teo, Caterina Pesce, Jason He, Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan, and Lisa Michele Barnett. "Breaking up classroom sitting time with cognitively engaging physical activity: Behavioural and brain responses." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): e0253733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253733.
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Introduction Classroom-based active breaks are a feasible and effective way to reduce and break up sitting time, and to potentially benefit physical health in school children. However, the effect of active breaks on children’s cognitive functions and brain activity remains unclear. Objective We investigated the impact of an active break intervention on typically developing children’s cognitive functions and brain activity, sitting/standing/stepping, on-task behaviour, and enjoyment. Methods Up to 141 children, aged between 6 and 8 years (46% girls), were included, although about half of them completed two of the assessments (n = 77, working memory; n = 67, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex haemodynamic response). Classrooms from two consenting schools were randomly allocated to a six-week simple or cognitively engaging active break intervention. Classrooms from another school acted as a control group. The main analyses used linear mixed models, clustered at the class level and adjusted for sex and age, to investigate the effects of the interventions on response inhibition, lapses of attention, working memory, event-related brain haemodynamic response (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). The mediating effects of sitting/standing/stepping on cognition/brain activity were also explored. To test intervention fidelity, we investigated differences by group on the change values in children’s sitting, standing, and moving patterns during class/school time using linear mixed models. Generalized linear mixed models clustered at the individual level were used to examine on-task behaviour data. For the intervention groups only, we also assessed children’s perceived enjoyment, physical exertion and mental exertion related to the active breaks and compared the results using independent t-tests. Results There was a significantly greater positive change in the proportion of deoxygenated haemoglobin in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of children assigned to cognitively engaging active breaks compared to the control group (B = 1.53 × 10−07, 95% CI [0.17 × 10−07, 2.90 × 10−07]), which under the same cognitive performance is suggestive of improved neural efficiency. Mixed models showed no significant effects on response inhibition, lapses of attention, working memory. The mediation analysis revealed that the active breaks positively affected response inhibition via a change in sitting and standing time. The sitting, standing, and moving patterns and on-task behaviour were positively affected by the active breaks at end of trial, but not at mid-trial. Children in both intervention groups showed similarly high levels of enjoyment of active breaks. Conclusion Cognitively engaging active breaks may improve brain efficiency in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the neural substrate of executive functions, as well as response inhibition, via effects partially mediated by the change in sitting/stepping time. Active breaks can effectively reduce sitting and increase standing/stepping and improve on-task behaviour, but the regular implementation of these activities might require time for teachers to become familiar with. Further research is needed to confirm what type of active break best facilitates cognition.
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Oftedal, Stina, Corneel Vandelanotte, and Mitch J. Duncan. "Patterns of Diet, Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep Are Associated with Socio-Demographic, Behavioural, and Health-Risk Indicators in Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132375.
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Our understanding of how multiple health-behaviours co-occur is in its infancy. This study aimed to: (1) identify patterns of physical activity, diet, sitting, and sleep; and (2) examine the association between sociodemographic and health-risk indicators. Pooled data from annual cross-sectional telephone surveys of Australian adults (2015–2017, n = 3374, 51.4% women) were used. Participants self-reported physical activity, diet, sitting-time, sleep/rest insufficiency, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol use, height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), and mental distress frequency. Latent class analysis identified health-behaviour classes. Latent class regression determined the associations between health-behaviour patterns, sociodemographic, and health-risk indicators. Three latent classes were identified. Relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern (men: 43.2%, women: 38.1%), a ‘poor lifestyle’ pattern (men: 19.9%, women: 30.5%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age, smoking, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, frequent mental distress (men and women), non-partnered status (men only), a lower Socioeconomic Index for Areas centile, primary/secondary education only, and BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (women only). An ‘active poor sleeper’ pattern (men: 37.0%, women: 31.4%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age (men and women), working and frequent mental distress (women only), relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern. Better understanding of how health-behaviour patterns influence future health status is needed. Targeted interventions jointly addressing these behaviours are a public health priority.
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Wakai, S., and K. Ohuchi. "A study on the sitting behaviour in the London Underground's train." Japanese journal of ergonomics 25, Supplement (1989): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.25.supplement_204.
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Blekney, M. M. "Faeces collecting and sitting in hellcid snails: a previously undescribed behaviour." Journal of Molluscan Studies 57, no. 2 (April 1991): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/57.2.293.
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Clarke-Cornwell, Alexandra M., Tracey M. Farragher, Penny A. Cook, and Malcolm H. Granat. "Empirically derived cut-points for sedentary behaviour: are we sitting differently?" Physiological Measurement 37, no. 10 (September 21, 2016): 1669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/37/10/1669.
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Rozli, M. I. F., C. M. C. J. M. H. Safiuddin, M. Harun, J. Ahmad, N. M. Amin, and A. G. Kay Dora. "The behaviour of Prestressed Concrete Sleeper (pcs) sitting on railway track." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 615 (October 15, 2019): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/615/1/012123.
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Yusuf, M., A. Jagatia, Z. Mahmood, E. McCabe, G.-J. de Bruijn, L. Smith, and B. Gardner. "How do office workers respond to media coverage of sitting?" Occupational Medicine 69, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqz084.
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Abstract Background Sitting time is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes, and premature mortality. Office workers sit for prolonged periods, so are at particular risk. Scientific advances in public health threats are predominantly communicated to the public through media reports. Aims This study aimed to examine office workers’ impromptu responses to media coverage of scientific evidence related to the health risks of sedentary behaviour. Methods Semi-structured interviews were run with 26 office workers (mean age 35 years), recruited from four organizations in southern England. Within the interview, each participant provided a ‘think-aloud’ narrative as they read three real-world news reports relating to sedentary behaviour. Thematic analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts. Results Three themes were extracted from the data: gauging the personal relevance of the news reports; questioning their trustworthiness and challenging the feasibility of proposed sitting-reduction strategies. Participants voiced scepticism about the applicability of the reports to their personal circumstances, and the validity of the reports and the scientific evidence underpinning them. Conclusions Researchers, press officers and journalists should emphasise the ways in which participants in research studies represent the broader population of office workers, and offer greater transparency in reporting study methods, when reporting scientific advances in sedentary behaviour.
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Ryde, Gemma C., Gillian Dreczkowski, Iain Gallagher, Ross Chesham, and Trish Gorely. "Device-Measured Desk-Based Occupational Sitting Patterns and Stress (Hair Cortisol and Perceived Stress)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111906.
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Background: Stress and poor mental health are significant issues in the workplace and are a major cause of absenteeism and reduced productivity. Understanding what might contribute towards employee stress is important for managing mental health in this setting. Physical activity has been shown to be beneficial to stress but less research has addressed the potential negative impact of sedentary behaviour such as sitting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between device-measured occupational desk-based sitting patterns and stress (hair cortisol levels (HCL), as a marker of chronic stress and self-reported perceived stress (PS)). Methods: Employees were recruited from four workplaces located in Central Scotland with large numbers of desk-based occupations. Seventy-seven participants provided desk-based sitting pattern data (desk-based sitting time/day and desk-based sit-to-stand transitions/day), a hair sample and self-reported perceived stress. HCL were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PS using the Cohen Self-Perceived Stress Scale. Linear regression models were used to test associations between desk-based sitting time/day, desk-based sit-to-stand transitions/day, HCL and PS. Results: There were no associations between any of the desk-based sitting measures and either HCL or PS. Conclusions: Desk-based sitting patterns in the workplace may not be related to stress when using HCL as a biomarker of chronic stress or PS. The relationship between sitting patterns and stress therefore requires further investigation.
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Kurita, Satoshi, Ai Shibata, Kaori Ishii, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Neville Owen, and Koichiro Oka. "Patterns of objectively assessed sedentary time and physical activity among Japanese workers: a cross-sectional observational study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e021690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021690.
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ObjectivesTo examine patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity, among Japanese workers with differing occupational activity types.DesignA cross-sectional observational study in 2013–2015.SettingTwo local communities in Japan.ParticipantsFull-time workers aged 40–64 years (n=345; 55% men) and who lived in two cities.Main outcome measuresFrom accelerometer data for 7 days, mean overall sedentary time, prolonged bouts of sedentary time and light-and moderate-to vigorous-intensity of physical activity (LPA and MVPA) as a proportion of accelerometer wear time and number of breaks per sedentary hour were identified for four time periods: working hours, workdays, non-work hours and non-workdays. These sedentary behaviour and physical activity measures in the four time periods were examined among workers with four self-attributed occupational activity types (mainly sitting, standing, walking, and physical labour), adjusting for sociodemographic attributes. Diurnal patterns of sedentary behaviour, LPA, and MVPA were examined.ResultsIn working hours, those with a sitting job had significantly more total and prolonged sedentary time (total: p<0.001; prolonged: p<0.01) along with less LPA (p<0.001) and MVPA (p<0.001) and less frequent breaks (p<0.01), compared with those with the three more active job type. Similar differences by job type were found for the whole working day, but not for prolonged sedentary time and breaks. On non-working hours and days, differences in sedentary and physically active patterns by job type were not apparent.ConclusionsOccupational activity type is related to overall sedentary time and patterns on working days, but not to leisure-time sitting and activity patterns, which were similar across the sitting, standing, walking, and physical labour occupational activity types.
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Bailey, Daniel P., Lucie H. Mugridge, Feng Dong, Xu Zhang, and Angel M. Chater. "Randomised Controlled Feasibility Study of the MyHealthAvatar-Diabetes Smartphone App for Reducing Prolonged Sitting Time in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 4414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124414.
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This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a self-regulation smartphone app for reducing prolonged sitting in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was a two-arm, randomised, controlled feasibility trial. The intervention group used the MyHealthAvatar-Diabetes smartphone app for 8 weeks. The app uses a number of behaviour change techniques aimed at reducing and breaking up sitting time. Eligibility, recruitment, retention, and completion rates for the outcomes (sitting, standing, stepping, and health-related measures) assessed trial feasibility. Interviews with participants explored intervention acceptability. Participants with T2DM were randomised to the control (n = 10) and intervention groups (n = 10). Recruitment and retention rates were 71% and 90%, respectively. The remaining participants provided 100% of data for the study measures. The MyHealthAvatar-Diabetes app was viewed as acceptable for reducing and breaking up sitting time. There were preliminary improvements in the number of breaks in sitting per day, body fat %, glucose tolerance, attitude, intention, planning, wellbeing, and positive and negative affect in favour of the intervention group. In conclusion, the findings indicate that it would be feasible to deliver and evaluate the efficacy of the MyHealthAvatar-Diabetes app for breaking up sitting time and improving health outcomes in a full trial.
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Kim, MW, DH Jeong, and SC Yeon. "Hibernation behaviour and ethogram of captive Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)." Veterinární Medicína 65, No. 1 (January 29, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/135/2019-vetmed.
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This study was undertaken to create an Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus; ABB) ethogram during hibernation and to describe the time budget of hibernating behaviours in ABB. Seven captive adult ABB were included in the study and began hibernation between October and December. Data were collected for three consecutive years (2013–2015) during ABB hibernation (total 169 days) using closed-circuit television. During the study, we observed 21 distinct behaviours in hibernating ABB (4 least active and 17 active behaviours). Five bears started hibernation less than seven days after feeding cessation, and by the end of one week, all bears hibernated. The most commonly observed behaviour was “sleep curling inside nest”, and “nest maintenance” was the second most common behaviour. Among the active behaviours, “sitting in the nest”, “change stance”, “drinking and eating” were mostly shown as documented during the observation times. Our results provide new insights into the hibernating behaviours of ABB.