Academic literature on the topic 'Sito Natura 2000'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sito Natura 2000"
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La Mela Veca, DS, G. Clementi, S. Cullotta, F. Maetzke, and G. Traina. "Analysis of habitat conservation in the SIC Nature 2000 “ITA040005 - Monte Cammarata, Contrada Salaci”, Monti Sicani (Sicily, Italy)." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 3, no. 2 (June 13, 2006): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0376-0030222.
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Proorocu, Marian, Mădălina Miclăuş, Sînziana Paulic, Sonia Bodan, and Andreea Popa. "The Conservation Measures of NATURA 2000 "Someşul Rece" Site Management Plan." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12438.
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Natura 2000 is a European network of protected natural areas including a significant number of natural habitats and wild species for the interest of comunnity. Natura 2000 ROSCI 0233 "Someşul Rece" Site is situated in the south-western county of Cluj, on the administrative territory of Măguri-Răcătău and Ierii Valley. It has an area of 8529 ha and is a framed area of the Apuseni Mountains Alpine bioregions. The site preserves the following natural habitats: Rough mountain beech forests Asperulo-Fagetum, beech forests of Luzulo-Fagetum, forests acidophilous Picea Abies mountain region and protect important species and active fish fauna, flora and fauna of the Apuseni Mountains. It is also home for several species (mammals, amphibians, fish and beetles) like: lynx, wolf or otter. The conservation measures of Natura 2000 Somesul Rece Site, elaborated in order to protect the habitats and the species are part of the management plan. These measures were developed in close connection with the conservation status of habitats and species, but also taking into account the needs of local communities. These measures include: maintaining habitats in favorable conservation status; maintain the current habitat areas; preventing and combating poaching and overfishing;ensuring peace in areas of rock (for large mammals).
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Danci, Oana. "Considerations Regarding Alpine Rivers And Their Ligneous Vegetation With Myricaria germanica In The Maramureş Mountains Nature Park (Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0014.
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Abstract The habitat 3230 Mountain rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica was not listed in the standard form based on which the Natura 2000 site ROSCI0124 Maramureș Mountains was declared. The aim of this study is to offer some new information regarding the structure, distribution and ecology of the Natura 2000 habitat 3230 Mountain rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica in Maramureș Mountains Nature Park. The ecological importance of habitat 3230 results from the capacity of Myricaria germanica to colonize new deposits of gravels and set up new biocoenoses, this ability being possible only in the case of natural morphodynamics of the mountain streams, not influenced by human activities.
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Cioacă, Doina. "The Comparative Analysis of Pressures and Threats to The Natura 2000 Sites for Wild Birds Protection - Case Studies in Wetlands in Romania and Bulgaria." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0015.
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ABSTRACT The Natura 2000 concept and wetlands protection are relatively new for Romania and Bulgaria, because they are former communist countries and, after the 1990s, had too little value placed on nature conservation in favour of infrastructure development and agriculture. The development of the European ecological network Natura 2000 on these territories has come as an obligation for accession of these countries to The European Union on 01.01.2007. During the period 2006-2009 I made an analysis for the management of protected areas along the Danube Green Corridor, between Romania and Bulgaria, especially for wetlands, similar to the results of the WWF Germany project “Lower Danube - Green Corridor (LDGC): Freshwater protected area management and freshwater restoration in Bulgaria, Romania and trans-boundary conservation along the Lower Danube”. To have a complete view of the situation of the protected areas management between Romania and Bulgaria, along the Lower Danube Green Corridor, and the perspectives for the next years, I carried out some evaluation for more than 20 Natura 2000 sites, which are alike in many ways, such as: the object of protection (Sites of Community Importance, SCI, under the Habitats Directive; Special Protection Areas for birds, SPAs, under the Birds Directive; natural protected areas of national importance for these two countries, or other natural and semi natural areas with the potential to be protected), human activities, pressures and threats, and other aspects. Later, I used these results to make a comparative analysis of the Cernica area (Ilfov County, Romania), to add another argument to include it in the Natura 2000 Network from Romania, as ROSPA0122 Cernica Lake and Forest. This analysis showed that Cernica faces approximately the same pressures and threats as other protected areas and has almost the same efficiency in management planning as the highest assessed Natura 2000 SPAs, respectively Iezer-Călăraşi in Romania and Srebarna of Bulgaria, which is an argument to establish this area as a Natura 2000 site.
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Bănăduc, Doru, and Angela Curtean-Bănăduc. "Management Elements Proposal for Sutla Natura 2000 Site." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0055.
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Abstract Following the accession of Croatia to the EU, a study was carried out on a Croatian Natura 2000 site which includes habitats used by the following fish species of conservation interest: Eudontomyzon vladykovi, Rhodeus sericeus amarus, Gobio uranoscopus, Romanogobio kesslerii, Barbus meridionalis, Zingel streber and Cottus gobio. Harmful effects on fish fauna were found due to: poorly-integrated water management, over-extraction of water for irrigation, fragmentation of riparian vegetation, low cooperation between environment institutions in Croatia and Slovenia, abuse of pesticides, uncontrolled waste water, sources of chemicals and heavy metals, leakage of nitrogen, habitats fragmentation due to dams and canals, non-native fish species, invasive species and gravel extraction. Specific management actions are proposed that take account of the different fish species of conservation interest and their specific biological and ecological requirements.
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Danci, Oana. "Management of Alluvial Forests Included in Natura 2000 91E0* Habitat Type in Maramureş Mountains Nature Park." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0057.
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Abstract The Natura 2000 habitat type 91E0* Alluvial forests of Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) include three subtypes of forests. In the Maramureș Mountains Nature Park (MMNP) the alluvial forests are represented by Alnus incana forest situated on the banks of mountain rivers. Starting from 2007, 70% of the MMNP is also a Natura 2000 site of community interest. In the standard form for the site are listed 18 Natura 2000 habitat types, but that of alluvial forests 91E0* is not listed either due to an error or lack of available research data. Our study seeks to provide information regarding this high conservation value habitat such as: structure, distribution,managementmeasures andmonitoring protocol. The purpose of this paper is to offer a management tool for this conservation value habitat which is also exposed to human impact more than any other priority habitat in MMNP.
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Zoppi, Corrado. "Integration of Conservation Measures Concerning Natura 2000 Sites into Marine Protected Areas Regulations: A Study Related to Sardinia." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 3460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103460.
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This study defines and discusses a spatial planning approach, which can be integrated into conservation measures, regarding the sites of the Natura 2000 Network—established under the provisions of Directive No. 92/43/EEC (the “Habitats” Directive), and Directive No. 2009/147/EC (the “Birds” Directive)—into the regulations of marine protected areas. The protected marine area of the Island of Tavolara and Cape Coda Cavallo, located in North-Eastern Sardinia (which is overlapped by a Natura 2000 Site) is the spatial context for the implementation of the proposed methodology. The comprehensive outcome of this study, that is, the implementation of the proposed spatial planning approach into regulations regarding the previously mentioned protected marine areas, is particularly relevant for the scientific and technical debate on spatial planning. This debate is related to protection of nature and natural resources, since the issue of integration of the conservation measures related to Natura 200 Network, into regulations of protected areas, is an open question, which needs further consideration and insights.
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Busse, Przemysław. "First Off-Shore Site Bird Monitoring In Poland (Debki-Białogóra, 2002–2004)." Ring 37, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ring-2015-0002.
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Abstract Due to the presence along the Polish Baltic coast of migratory bird flyways from north-eastern European breeding grounds to wintering areas distributed on continental shelf waters of western and southwestern Europe, the area has been designated as a NATURA 2000 site (PLB 990002). Therefore the site of a planned off-shore wind farm in this area requires monitoring as to its potential influence on birds. This was the first such monitoring performed in Poland. The expanse of water covered by the research included the planned location of the wind farm as well as adjacent areas. A series of 15 investigative cruises were undertaken from the beginning of October to the beginning of May. The period of observations was divided into five seasons: early autumn, late autumn, winter, early spring and late spring. The standard method of counting birds on transects in the form of strips reaching 300 m from the ship was used in the research, as well as the ‘snapshot’ technique (scan with bands transect with snapshot technique). Additional observations were made from a point on the shore. In the study area maritime birds are present in low or moderate densities, with localized clusters. Two diving benthophagous species dominate: the Long-tailed Duck (58.9%) and the Velvet Scoter (34.3%). The next two commonest species have a share of over 1% within the community – the Common Scoter (3.2%) and the Herring Gull (2.4%). Other species are very uncommon. There is very high fluctuation in the number of birds both observed on the water surface and seen in the air. In the area studied no pronounced migratory passage of waterfowl was observed; the usual migratory flyways probably lie farther to the north and the birds observed in flight perform mainly local movements. Observed bird densities in the study area are considerably lower (52.0 ind./km2) than those estimated for the entire NATURA 2000 area (116.7 ind./km2). In the area of the planned wind farm densities are even lower (36.1 ind./km2, i.e. 31% of the NATURA 2000 level), while densities in neighbouring areas are still below the NATURA 2000 average. In the subsequent administrative procedure the area was not accepted as the location of the planned wind farm.
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Battisti, Luca, Federica Larcher, Stefania Grella, Nunzio Di Bartolo, and Marco Devecchi. "Management and Mapping Ecosystem Services in a Privately Owned Natura 2000 Site: An Insight into the Stellantis–La Mandria Site (Italy)." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053134.
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The Natura 2000 network is an ecological network covering the whole territory of the European Union to ensure the long-term maintenance of threatened or rare natural habitats and species of flora and fauna, including in metropolitan and rural areas. Some of the Natura 2000 sites have been subject to changes in ownership that have led to a fragmentation of the territory. Private entities may own areas within a Natura 2000 site and must ensure sustainable management of their property, especially from an ecological point of view. The case study is the Stellantis–La Mandria site, a private area owned by Stellantis, within the Natura 2000 site “ZSC IT1110079 La Mandria”, near Turin. The research proposes a participatory methodology, mainly addressed in this first phase to experts and professionals and aimed at the valorisation and management of private Natura 2000 sites previously considered as industrial sites, to allow a careful fruition and safeguarding of the natural heritage. The aim of the research is to provide a methodological approach and the first qualitative results useful to providing the owners with an indication for a more targeted management of the site; mapping the areas that provide ecosystem services (ES, especially cultural ones); mapping the areas that could be subject to future fruition; collaborating with the managing body to collect useful data for the future drafting of a new area plan. Two main research activities were carried out, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis concerning the management and possible future fruition of the site and a participatory mapping of ES. It should be emphasised that the research allowed the first results to be obtained, which, on the one hand, make it possible to validate the methodology used to achieve the objectives and, on the other hand, the results will have to be implemented over time by involving numerous stakeholders among those who can access the private area. The results of the research highlight opportunities and threats with regard to the conservation of ecological–environmental characteristics and future fruition of the site. The participatory mapping identifies areas with different ecological value and, therefore, different management needs and identifies areas that could be used differently for future fruition. Overall, the results aim to meet some of the European Commission’s wishes regarding Natura 2000 sites, with particular reference to the involvement of different stakeholders and experts for the conservation of biodiversity and the integration of ecological and social aspects into the management and fruition plans.
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Alexandru Bratu, Iulian, and Lucian Dincă. "Using GIS for management of conflicts in natural protected area in Cindrel mountains." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 09011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134309011.
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This study reflects the possibility of using the GIS technology for the management and resolution of conflicts between stakeholders in the management of protected natural areas that cover large surfaces, such as Natura 2000 sites. The research is accomplished in Frumoasa site from Cindrel Mountains, where a conflict of a legal nature was analysed, in the extinguishment of which the technology of geographical information systems was used. In this sense, the presence of the species and habitats that are found on the surface of the incriminated forest was analysed and the comparison with the list of species and habitats that was the basis for declaring the surface as a nature 2000 site. In the next stage, both the site management plan and the forest management plan were analysed in order to identify inconsistent potentials. Then, maps of the presence and distribution of species and habitats were made, with the protection and conservation measures adopted. Also, special attention was paid to the identification of primary and old-growth forest, their distribution and measures for their conservation. The conclusions include improvements can be made to the management of the incriminated areas, accompanied by the geo-database.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sito Natura 2000"
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Beltrano, Anna Maria. "Monitoraggio delle risorse alieutiche con l'ausilio di sistemi informativi geografici in una riserva naturale marina e sito natura 2000." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2555.
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2006/2007L’obiettivo di tale studio è stato quello di implementare un Sistema di Informazione Geografica (GIS) per il monitoraggio dell’attività di pesca e delle risorse alieutiche, considerando le marinerie delle Isole Egadi, a rappresentanza di alcune tipologie di base dell’attività di pesca artigianale e per i diversi vincoli ambientali che in quest’area insistono quali la Riserva Naturale Marina e i Siti Natura 2000, al fine di suggerire opportune strategie di protezione sia per le risorse pescabili che per l’ambiente. Quindi un sistema esperto a supporto delle decisioni, che consenta di visualizzare i complessi scenari nell’ambito della valutazione delle risorse alieutiche nella dimensione spazio-temporale (Spatial Decision Support System), orientato alla pianificazione territoriale per un uso sostenibile delle risorse naturali, sinergica e coordinata tra i vari enti territoriali preposti. Nel corso di tale studio è stato messo a punto un data-warehouse, orientato alla pianificazione territoriale contenente differenti tipologie di dati ambientali, un database relazionale (RDBMS) contenente i dati riguardanti la pesca e la flotta, e un GIS in grado di gestire, analizzare, integrare dati eterogenei, riferendoli alle rispettive posizioni geografiche, finalizzato nello specifico ai seguenti obiettivi: - Studio delle caratteristiche ambientali dell’area di interesse; - Caratterizzazione della struttura della flotta per ciascun porto; - Variabilità degli attrezzi utilizzati nel tempo e nello spazio in ciascun porto; - Indagine delle specie catturate, qualitativamente e quantitativamente; - Indagine dello sforzo di pesca e cattura per unità di sforzo (CPUE), nello spazio e nel tempo; - Analisi dei principali parametri chimico-fisici ambientali (temperatura, salinità, ossigeno, etc); - Rilevazione delle condizioni climatiche e meteo-marine; - Individuazione di specie e habitat di elevato valore ecologico; - Valutazioni ambientali e indicazioni gestionali. In particolare, è stata indagata l’area di studio, gli aspetti geologici, biologici, con particolare rilievo ad habitat e specie di interesse scientifico e/o ecologico, mediante ricerche bibliografiche e campagne sperimentali in mare. Sono state realizzate le indagini inerenti la pesca e la flotta mediante i seguenti metodi: metodo indiretto e metodo diretto. Il metodo indiretto ha compreso la raccolta dei dati settimanalmente mediante rilevazione allo sbarco, per un intero anno. Il metodo diretto ha compreso la realizzazione di campagne sperimentali opportunamente pianificate, utilizzando come campionatore diverse tipologie di imbarcazioni e attrezzi delle marinerie dell’area, per la raccolta diretta di dati, sempre nell’arco di un anno. Durante le pescate sperimentali si è fatto uso di strumentazione GPS (Global Positioning System) per registrare le coordinate geografiche del punto iniziale, medio e finale dell’attrezzo in pesca. La profondità, a cui sono state effettuate le pescate, è stata registrata mediante ecoscandaglio. I dati oceanografici sono stati prelevati in situ, mediante sonde multiparametriche. Sono state rilevate informazioni riguardo le condizioni climatiche e meteo-marine. E’ stato realizzato un GIS facendo uso del software ArcGIS 9.1 della ESRI. Per la definizione dei temi e per uniformare le informazioni raccolte e catalogate nel datawarehouse, questo è stato strutturato in accordo ad un Thesaurus di Riferimento per Applicazioni ambientali (Environmental Applications Reference Thesaurus, EARTh). I dati riguardanti la pesca e la flotta sono stati elaborati e organizzati in un Database relazionale (RDBMS), che ha permesso la gestione dell’informazione geografica assicurando caratteristiche quali efficienza nelle prestazioni, controllo degli accessi, controllo delle ridondanze, conferendo una formidabile elasticità alla struttura e quindi di analisi spaziale, permettendo così di analizzare i diversi aspetti dei fenomeni. Questo è stato arricchito con collegamenti (hyperlink) a documenti utili (leggi, direttive, vincoli territoriali), immagini (foto di barche, coste, specie, attrezzi), pagine web. Infine, il sistema è stato organizzato in modo che, effettuando differenti interrogazioni ed operazioni quali analisi di dati spaziali (interpolazioni, operazioni di overlay, raster calculator), analisi degli attributi (query o funzioni di ricerca, SQL, summarize, statistics) e analisi integrata (spaziali e attributi), ha permesso di ottenere differenti informazioni nella dimensione spazio-temporale. In conclusione, il sistema è stato predisposto per analizzare e visualizzare i complessi scenari esistenti nell’ambito della valutazione delle risorse alieutiche nella dimensione spazio-temporale (monitoraggio), considerando le caratteristiche ambientali e le diverse problematiche dell’area, in modo da prevedere i possibili scenari futuri (forecasting) creando una modellizzazione della realtà, al fine di: fornire indicazioni nel pianificare una gestione ottimale delle risorse, razionale, integrata e sostenibile, quindi fornire spazialmente una scelta di soluzioni al decisore (Spatial Decision Support System) per la conservazione degli stock ma anche per preservare gli ecosistemi marini; avviare in caso di un’area sottoposta a più vincoli (Riserva Marina, Sito Natura 2000, IBA) una pianificazione concertata e sinergica tra i diversi livelli istituzionali preposti (governance multilivello e interscalare) ed evitare quindi una pianificazione conflittuale o ridondante. Il sistema realizzato potrebbe vedere applicazione nell’ambito delle seguenti pianificazioni: per la realizzazione dei piani di gestione pesca regionali, inerenti il Programma Operativo Pesca - FEP nazionale (Fondo Europeo per la Pesca); per l’elaborazione dei piani di gestione dei Siti Natura 2000; per la predisposizione delle varie fasi della Valutazione Ambientale Strategica (VAS); per la predisposizione di piani territoriali di Gestione Integrata della Fascia Costiera GIZC; nell’istituzione di Aree Marine Protette o Riserve Naturali Marine, Parchi, ed in particolare risulterebbe utile nella pianificazione della zonazione, soprattutto quando in tali aree è presente come forte componente l’attività di pesca, ricoprendo un elevato valore in termini di occupazione, commercio, attività ricreative e quindi di benessere economico.
The objective of this study was to implement a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the monitoring of fishing activities and alieutic resources in the Egadi Islands, as being representative of a few fundamental kinds of small-scale fishing and for various existing environmental restrictions such as the Marine Reserve and Natura 2000 sites. The purpose was to suggest appropriate conservation strategies for both alieutic resources and the environment. In other words, an expert system to decision support, making it possible to visualize complex scenarios in the assessment of alieutic resources in a space-time dimension (Spatial Decision Support System), geared towards spatial planning -for a sustainable use of natural resources- in synergy and coordination among the various authorities in charge. In the study a data-warehouse was set up, geared towards spatial planning and containing various categories of environmental data, a relational database (RDBMS) containing data on fishing and fleets, and a GIS capable of processing, analyzing and integrating heterogeneous data in reference to their respective geographical locations, with the following specific objectives: - Study of the environmental characteristics of the area of focus; - Characterization of the structure of the fleet for each port; - Investigating fishing gear changes in time and space in each port; - Quantitative and qualitative investigation of the species caught; - Analysis of fishing effort and catch per unit effort (CPUE), in time and space; - Analysis of the main environmental -physical and chemical- parameters (temperature, salinity, oxygen, etc.); - Survey of climatic and sea weather conditions; - Identification of species and habitats of high ecological value; - Environmental assessment and management guidelines. In particular, the investigation was carried out on the area of focus, its geological and biological aspects, with special attention to habitats and species of scientific/ecological interest, through bibliographic research and experimental sampling at sea. The investigation on fishing and fleets has been carried out with the following methods: indirect method and direct method. The indirect method has involved weekly collection of data from interviews at landing, over a whole year. The direct method has involved carefully planned sampling trips, using various types of boats and gear of the local fisheries for direct collection of data, also over a whole year. In the sampling process, a GPS (Global Positioning System) was used to record the initial, middle and final geographical coordinates of the fishing gear. Depths of experimental fishing were recorded with an echo sounder. Oceanographical data were obtained on site, with the use of multiparametric probes. Information has been recorded on climatic and sea weather conditions. The GIS was set up using ArcGIS 9.1 software by ESRI. For definitions of topics and to standardize the information collected and filed in the data-warehouse, this has been structured in accordance to the Environmental Applications Reference Thesaurus (EARTh). Data regarding fishing and fleets have been processed and organized in a relational database (RDBMS), which has made it possible to manage geographical information as well as assuring characteristics such as efficiency of performance, access control, redundancy control, thus giving the structure remarkable flexibility also in terms of spatial analysis and the possibility of looking at the various aspects of events. The database has also been enriched with hyperlinks to useful documents (laws, directives, planning restrictions), images (photos of boats, coastlines, species, gear), and web pages. Finally, the system has been organized so as to be able to obtain various kinds of information in a space-time dimension through operations and procedures such as spatial data analysis (interpolation, overlay, raster calculator), analysis of attributes (query or search functions, SQL, summarize, statistics) and integrated analysis (spatial data and attributes). In conclusion, the system has been set to analyze and visualize complex scenarios in the assessment of fishable resources in a space-time dimension (monitoring), taking into consideration the environmental characteristics and various critical factors of the area, so as to forecast possible scenarios and create models of reality with the purpose of: providing indications for optimal, rational, integrated and sustainable resource management, as well as a range of spatial options for decision-makers (Spatial Decision Support System) for the conservation of stock and marine ecosystems; in the case of areas subjected to multiple restrictions [Marine Reserve, Natura 2000 site, IBA (Important Bird Areas)], giving way to a concerted, synergic planning activity among the various authorities in charge (multi-level and inter-scalar governance) and thus avoiding any conflictual, redundant planning. Such system could be applied in the following planning situations: implementation of regional fishing management plans within the national Operational Programme – EFF (European Fisheries Fund); preparing of management plans for Natura 2000 sites; preparation of the various phases of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA); preparing of plans for the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM); institution of Marine Protected Areas or Marine Reserves, Parks, in particular, it would be useful to plan the zoning of this areas protected, especially when fishing activity is strong and of high value for occupation, trade, recreational activities and hence economic welfare.
XX Ciclo
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Berglund, Anneli. "Val av område och områdesskydd för Natura 2000 med skogshabitat : En jämförande studie av fyra län i Sverige." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1733.
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The Natura 2000 Network is one of the European Unions many tools concerning nature conservation, and is without comparison the premier contribution when it comes to halting the loss of biodiversity. This essay is a case study on how the regional work with the Natura 2000-network has been carried out in four different counties. These counties are Södermanland, Västernorrland, Jämtland and Örebro. They have been compared based on the theoretical concept of sustainable development. This essay describes how the officials in the County Administrations view the regional implementation of Natura 2000 when it comes to the selection of Natura 2000-sites with forest habitats and the creation of an additional protective measure. This study takes its basis in a bottom-up approach which focuses on value conflicts that have emerged regionally and how different fundamental attitudes brings forward different aspects of sustainable development. Interviews with County Administration officials show that there are differences in the approach and different key factors that have affected the selection of sites and the work with area protection. One approach starts from an ecological point of view while the other takes the socio-economic aspect more into consideration during the selection process. Two main factors that have emerged are also the importance of the regional landowner-structure and the evident time- and staff shortage that has been experienced in all four counties. The results also show that the nature reserve form is the most common area protection for Natura 2000-sites with forest habitats in the four examined counties.
Natura 2000-nätverket är ett av EU:s många verktyg och i särklass det främsta bidraget till att hejda förlusten av den biologiska mångfalden. Denna uppsats är en fallstudie för att se hur det regionala arbetet med Natura 2000-nätverket sett ut i fyra olika län. Dessa län är Södermanland, Västernorrland, Jämtland och Örebro län. De har jämförts utifrån det teoretiska begreppet hållbar utveckling. Uppsatsen beskriver hur tjänstemän på länsstyrelserna ser på den regionala implementering av Natura 2000-nätverket när det gäller urval av Natura 2000-område med skogshabitat och tillblivelsen av ett ytterliggare områdesskydd.
Studien utgår från ett underifrånperspektiv som fokuserar på de värdekonflikter som uppstått regionalt och hur olika grundinställningar lyfter fram olika aspekter av hållbar utveckling. Intervjuer med länsstyrelsens aktörer visar att det finns skillnader i tillvägagångssättet och olika nyckelfaktorer som påverkat urvalet av område och arbetet med områdesskyddet. Det ena tillvägagångssättet tar sin grund i ett mer ekologiskt synsätt medan det andra tar större hänsyn till de socioekonomiska aspekterna i urvalsprocessen. Två huvudfaktorer som framkommit är även betydelsen av den regionala markägarstrukturen och den upplevda personal - och tidsbrist som tydligt framgår i alla de fyra undersökta länen. Resultatet visar även att naturreservatsformen är det vanligaste områdesskyddet för Natura 2000-områden med skogshabitat i de fyra studerade länen
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GALDINI, Angelo. "Rete Natura 2000 e pianificazione territoriale nella Pubblica Amministrazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30746.
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The essay aims mostly at analyzing the regulation of the Natura 2000 network (the “Habitats directive”), in the wider context of the other tools established to protect the Biodiversity. This is the purpose of the Natura 2000 ecological network established by the “Habitats directive”, which was adopted in 1992 (the network, which also embraces areas established under the ‘Birds’ directive).
In particular, the article 6 of the Directive 92/43/EEC plays a crucial role in the management of the sites that make up the Natura 2000 network. With the spirit of integration in mind, it indicates the various tasks involved so that the nature conservation interests of the sites can be safeguarded. The essay analyzes the trasposition of this Directive in Italy with attention to the environmental appropriate assessment, setting out the circumstances within which plans and projects with negative effects may or may not be allowed. It analyzes also the application of the precautionary principle to the administrative procedure provided to express the environmental appropriate assessment. Thus, the Habitats Directive also governs the compensatory measures. These measures constitute measures specific to a project or plan, additional to the normal practices of implementation of the ‘Nature’ directives. They aim to offset the negative impact of a project and to provide compensation corresponding precisely to the negative effects on the species or habitat concerned. The compensatory measures constitute the ‘last resort’. They are used only when the other safeguards provided for by the directive are ineffectual and the decision has been taken to consider, nevertheless, a project/plan having a negative effect on the Natura 2000 site. The main purpose of the essay is to understand the extension of the Natura 2000 network and if it is possible to use contractual arrangements in order to limit the current “size” of the environmental appropriate assessment.
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Oliveira, Amália Maria Marques Espiridião de. "Os carabídeos (Coleoptera, Carabidae) da Serra de Monchique (Sítio Rede Natura 2000): biodiversidade e ecologia." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24843.
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Os Carabídeos são uma das famílias mais numerosas na península Ibérica e a nível mundial. Apesar de muitas espécies serem generalistas, a maioria tem habitats preferenciais aos quais se associam de uma maneira intrínseca, por isso são muitas vezes utilizados como indicadores de perturbações ambientais e de uso do solo.
O presente trabalho pretende conhecer a comunidade de Carabídeos (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae) do Sitio Rede Natura 2000 da Serra de Monchique.
Pela sua localização, clima e geomorfologia características, o Sítio Rede Natura 2000 da Serra de Monchique favorece a ocorrência de uma vegetação e fauna muito particulares. Inserido no “Green Belt Programme in Southern Portugal” (Relatório do Green Belt Project, 2002) o Sítio Rede Natura 2000 da Serra de Monchique apresenta características de local hotspot de biodiversidade tais como a existência de endemismos, raridade e isolamento.
O principal objetivo foi inventariar as espécies existentes e cartografar a sua distribuição pela área de estudo, assim como conhecer a ecologia e sazonalidade dos indivíduos adultos.
Conhecer a composição, a estrutura da comunidade de Carabídeos e perceber a sua interação com as diferentes unidades de paisagem, assim como perceber a influência da altitude na sua distribuição foi outro dos objetivos. Verificou-se a influência dos métodos de amostragem na captura de diferentes tipos de desenvolvimento alar.
Foi identificado um novo táxon - Microlestes aljezurensis Ortuño & Oliveira, 2012 e registaram-se duas espécies pela primeira vez para o território de Portugal continental - Bembidion (Trepanes) bedelianum Netolizky, 1918 e Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) dahlii dahlii (Dejean 1831).
Conheceu-se a distribuição e ecologia de espécies e subespécies endémicas, nomeadamente Nebria (Tyrrhenia) vanvolxemi Putzeys, 1874, Trechus schaufussi algarvensis Jeanne 1985 e Pterostichus (Oreophilus) paulinoi vanvolxemi Putzeys, 1874; ABSTRACT:
The carabids are one of the largest families in the Iberian Peninsula and worldwide. Although many species are generalists, most have habitats preferences with which are closely associated and thereby are often used as indicators of environmental disturbance and land use management.
This work aims to know the Carabidae community (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Natura 2000 Site Serra de Monchique.
The Natura 2000 Site Serra de Monchique by its location, the climate and the characteristic geomorphology favor the occurrence of very particular vegetation and fauna. Inserted in the "Green Belt Programme in Southern Portugal" (the Green Belt Project Report, 2002) the Natura 2000 Site Serra de Monchique has biodiversity hotspot site features such as the existence of Endemicity, Rarity and insulation.
The main goal was to inventory the species in the study area and map the distribution, as well as knowing ecology and seasonality of adults.
Another goals were knowing the composition, the structure of carabid community and understand their interaction with the different landscape units, as well as realize the influence of altitude on distribution. It has been verified the influence of the sampling methods in capturing different types of wing development.
A new taxon was identified - Microlestes aljezurensis Ortuño & Oliveira, 2012 and there were two species recorded first time to Portugal - Bembidion (Trepanes) bedelianum Netolizky, 1918 and Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) dahlii dahlii (Dejean 1831).
The distribution and ecology of endemic species and subspecies, like Nebria (Tyrrhenia) vanvolxemi Putzeys, 1874, Trechus schaufussi algarvensis Jeanne 1985 and Pterostichus (Oreophilus) paulinoi vanvolxemi Putzeys, 1874, was known.
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Heyer, Kai-Uwe, Karsten Hupe, and Rainer Stegmann. "Aerobe in situ Stabilisierung von Altdeponien." Universität Potsdam, 2000. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/339/.
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Blanc, Frédéric. "L'oiseau, la friche et le feu : distribution et dynamique des passereaux nicheurs du site Natura 2000 Madres-Coronat (Pyrénées-Orientales)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20028.
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Etudier les effets des changements globaux sur la dynamique de l’avifaune nécessite de questionner les rapports société/environnement et de complexes systèmes d’interférences. L’histoire multiséculaire des pratiques pastorales sur le site Natura 2000 du Madres-Coronat (Pyrénées-Orientales) a permis l'installation et le maintien d'une biodiversité exceptionnelle jusqu'à une époque récente. On sait aujourd'hui que les milieux ouverts à caractère pastoral des montagnes méditerranéennes abritent des espèces à l'avenir incertain et reconnues d'intérêt prioritaire sur le plan du maintien de la biodiversité. Malheureusement, ces paysages dits « culturels » sont menacés par une dynamique rapide et brutale d'enfrichement consécutive, depuis le début du 20ème siècle, à de rapides processus de déprise des territoires et de reconversion des modes d'élevage. Dès lors, la disparition des milieux ouverts entraîne une régression de ces espèces si particulières, inféodées à ces biotopes et remplacées par une avifaune forestière plus commune et plus largement représentée à l'échelle européenne. Comment expliquer l'organisation et la dynamique contemporaine des passereaux nicheurs de moyenne montagne méditerranéenne au regard de l'histoire des paysages et des pratiques pastorales du massif du Madres-Coronat ? Quelles actions envisager en matière de gestion et de conversation des habitats préférentiels de ces espèces ? Nous avons tenté de répondre à ces deux questions par une approche interdisciplinaire, la mieux à même d'appréhender toute la complexité des interactions en jeu. En conséquence nous avons organisé notre étude autour de quatre axes thématiques, non sans nous efforcer, tout au long de ce travail, d'en souligner les étroites interdépendances à savoir (1) une approche d'inventaire des populations des passereaux nicheurs ; (2) une approche biogéographique de la dynamique des milieux (étude diachronique de la végétation) pour comprendre la mise en place des paysages et l'effet du feu sur le biotope ; (3) une approche spatiale et historique des brûlages dirigés ; (4) une approche de synthèse autour de deux objectifs : comprendre les interactions du système pratiques/embroussaillement/avifaune et une exploitation des résultats dans une perspective d'aide à la décision en matière de gestion environnementale notamment par une réflexion sur le brûlage dirigé et le redéploiement pastoral mais aussi par la hiérarchisation des actions à envisagerStudying effects of global change on birds biodiversity and dynamic refers to go thoroughly into identifying and understanding complex “society / environment” relationships. History of pastoral practices over centuries on the Natura 2000 study site of Madres-Coronat (Eastern Pyrenees) induced an exceptional birds biodiversity until recently. Pastoral open lands of Mediterranean mountains are home to many bird(s) specie(s) of high interest. In consideration of their uncertain future, this species have priority in biodiversity preservation. Unfortunately, these so-called "cultural" landscapes are threatened by a rapid and generalized land cover change from open natural grassland to fallow lands involved by land abandonment and changes of farming practices since the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, the disappearance of open lands leads to a dramatic regression of such habitats dependent species which are replaced by more common forest species widely represented at the European level. How to explain distribution and evolution of contemporary breeding passerines in Mediterranean mountains in the light of the history of landscapes and pastoral practices in Madres-Coronat mounts ? What kind of actions to implement in order to manage and preserve these preferential habitats ? We adopt an interdisciplinary approach to answer these two questions for better grasping the complexity of interactions involved. Consequently we organized our study in four main parts for which we underlined throughout this work their close interdependencies: (1) an inventory of breeding passerines populations; (2) a biogeographic approach of land use and cover changes to understand the establishment of landscapes and impact of fire on habitats ; (3) a spatial and historical approach on prescribed burning ; (4) a synthesis aiming on two objectives: to understand interactions of the system between human practices / fallow land evolution / bird biodiversity and to help environmental management decision support throughout reflecting on farming and land management practices but also by ranking actions to consider
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Mariappan, L. "In-Situ Synthesis Of A12O3_ZrO2_SiCw Ceramic Matrix Composites By Carbothermal Reduction Of Natural Silicates." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/215.
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This thesis outlines the work done on in-situ synthesis of Al2O3-ZrO2-SiCw ceramic composites and their property evaluation. The introductory chapter deals with the literature survey on ceramic matrix composites, properties desirable for structural applications and toughening mechanisms associated with these composites. The role of whisker toughening in ceramic matrix composites, the growth mechanisms involved in whisker growth and the conditions that favour or hamper the whisker growth are also discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of in-situ synthesis of composites as compared to physical mixing are also dealt with. The objective and scope of the work undertaken are outlined at the end.
The second chapter describes the experimental techniques associated with carbothermal synthesis and characterisation of reaction products as well as properties of hot pressed bulk composites. The equipments used for this work are described here.
The third chapter focuses on the results obtained by the carbothermal reduction of mixtures of kaolin, sillimanite and zircon taken in various proportions. The formation of the product phases with respect to variations in temperature, variations in composition and effect of catalyst is analysed with the help of XRD while their morphology is analysed using SEM. The conditions favouring the formation of tetragonal zirconia without the addition of stabilizers is also enumerated here.
The fourth chapter deals with the compaction of these composite powders and the evaluation of some physical, thermal and mechanical properties. Density and porosity, coefficient of thermal expansion, modulus of rupture and fracture toughness of the composite specimens are evaluated and compared with binary and ternary composites made by other methods.
Finally the thesis concludes by summarizing the work done and briefly projecting the areas for future work.
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Abrahams, Richard Warren. "Sky Above, Earth Below: Design of the Sun School for Environmental Studies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33096.
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With the increasing destruction of our natural environment, and with the realization that we ultimately depend upon this environment, my thesis explores the role of Architecture in designing the built environment to be harmonious with the natural one. How can Architecture be a teaching tool for the natural and built environments? Through the design of The Sun School for Environmental studies involving the integration of a building’s site, photovoltaic technology, daylighting, and natural ventilation, how can Architecture encourage a building to teach about itself? How can a building respond to its occupants, and to sun, wind, daylight and temperature? How can Architecture encourage the occupants to interact with the building, learn about it, respond to it, and consequently to increase their awareness of it?Master of Architecture
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Duhalde, Michel. "Analyse des instruments des politiques de la biodiversité : le cas de Natura 2000 en milieu littoral et marin." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0008/document.
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Avec pour cas d’étude les sites Natura 2000 du littoral français, cette thèse cherche à améliorer la compréhension des pratiques en matière de mesures locales de conservation de la biodiversité, analysées au travers du concept d’instruments d’action publique : quels sont les instruments choisis, à la fois dans la phase de planification et de mise en oeuvre ? Quels sont les facteurs influençant ces choix ? Une première analyse, quantitative, permet de décrire les mesures prévues dans 113 documents de gestion (Docob) de sites Natura 2000 littoraux. Une méthode de sélection et de moyenne de modèles logistiques binomiaux permet d’identifier les facteurs de contexte orientant les choix des instruments d’action. Une seconde analyse, qualitative, recentrée sur les sites Natura 2000 du littoral breton, permet d’appréhender les modalités de mise en oeuvre des différents instruments disponibles dans la gestion des sites. Nos résultats tendent à montrer que le choix des instruments d’action sur chaque site fait partie des ajustements permettant l’intégration de la politique au sein d’un contexte institutionnel local, formel et informel. En particulier, l’instrument réglementaire semble garder une place non négligeable dans la mise en oeuvre de cette politique, mais cette place est sensible au contexte local, notamment politique. Les instruments propres à certains grands types de milieux sont mis en avant. Nos résultats viennent questionner le caractère autonome de la politique Natura 2000 en mer. Ils permettent également d’éclairer les forces et les faiblesses des différents instruments d’actions dans la phase de mise en oeuvre, notamment au regard des coûts de transaction qu’ils génèrent. Face aux difficultés identifiées, l’importance de la complémentarité opérationnelle des instruments d’essences volontaire et obligatoire, de l’implication des collectivités territoriales et de la mobilisation des animateurs Natura 2000 présents sur chaque site, est soulignéeTaking the Natura 2000 sites on the French coastal area as a case study, this work aims at strengthening the understanding of the practices in terms of local biodiversity conservation measures, analysed through the concept of public policy instruments : what are the instruments that are chosen, during both the planning and implementation phases? What are the factors influencing these choices? Our work combines two approaches. First, a quantitative analysis allows us to describe the measures that are provided in 113 management documents (Docobs) of coastal Natura 2000 sites. Through a method to select and average binomial logistic models, we identify contextual factors that influence the choice of instruments of action. Second, a qualitative analysis focuses on the coastal Natura 2000 sites in Brittany and paves the way to a better understanding of the implementation of the different instruments available for the management of the sites. Our results tend to show that the choices of instruments of action on each site are parts of the adjustments allowing the integration of the policy into a formal and informal institutional local context. In particular, the regulatory instrument seems to play a significant role in the implementation of this policy, but this role is sensitive to the local context of the site, especially the political context. We emphasize the association of some instruments to different types of ecosystems. Our results lead to question the autonomous nature of the Natura 2000 policy for the marine area. Our results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different instruments of action in the implementation phase, especially with regards to the associated transaction costs. In the face of the constraints that we identify, we stress the importance of the operational complementarity of voluntary and regulatory instruments, of the commitment of local authorities and of the leading role of the Natura 2000 site managers
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Müller, Anja. "Géodiversité et diversité paysagère : évaluation de concepts spaciaux pour l'étude de la diversité des milieux et paysages : application au site Natura 2000 Madres-Coronat (Pyrénées-Orientales, France)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632247.
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La géodiversité en tant qu'interprétation géographique de la diversité spatiale de la surface terrestre, peut être définie comme la diversité morphologique des milieux dits naturels, voire comme une diversité des paysages si l'on considère ces derniers comme un ensemble d'objets matériels. Afin de combler des lacunes théoriques et l'absence d'un regard multilinguistique et pluriculturel sur la géodiversité, ce travail s'insérant dans la recherche fondamentale géographique, met en lumière et différencie les notions de géodiversité et de diversité paysagère en langue française, allemande et anglaise, tout en explorant de façon empirique une question primordiale : comment mesurer la géodiversité, interprétée comme une diversité mésologique et paysagique tenant compte des structures verticales et horizontales de la diversité spatiale ? La géodiversité dite globale ne doit pas être confondue avec une géodiversité interprétée de façon géologique: elle prend en effet en compte les éléments biotiques autant que les éléments abiotiques et intègre l'anthropisation des milieux, sans séparer le minéral et le vivant, le naturel et l'artificiel. Dans une approche systémique, on peut considérer que les structures spatiales des milieux, leur morphologie, reflètent leur fonctionnement et leur dynamique et elles permettent de différencier ces milieux pour caractériser leur géodiversité. Saisie simultanément par une approche intégrée des milieux et par des relevés pédologiques et floristiques davantage disciplinaires, les composantes et enceintes des milieux relèvent de plusieurs niveaux organisationnels de la diversité. Le volet empirique de ce travail de recherche explore, par une démarche multiscalaire, la géodiversité du Massif du Madres -Coronat situé dans la partie orientale, franco-catalane, des Pyrénées. Sur le site d'intérêt communautaire" Massif de Madres-Coronat " la diversité des milieux se trouve accentuée par une variété des roches, des formes du relief, par un étagement bioclimatique et une utilisation des sols différenciée. Les relevés de terrain permettent d'étudier la diversité mésologique (ou diversité des milieux) et de mettre en évidence les relations entre géodiversité et phytodiversité. La cartographie des unités paysagiques élémentaires, les géons, mis en évidence par photo-interprétation, illustre la mosaïque des milieux et la diversité des structures spatiales latérales qu'on peut qualifier de diversité paysagique. Les indices de diversité et l'analyse exploratoire des données multivariées appliqués aux données mésologiques et paysagiques contribuent à la caractérisation de la géodiversité du massif. Ils mettent en évidence une diversité mésologique relativement importante dans les milieux forestiers et complexes et une diversité paysagique plus importante dans les secteurs élevés du massif, modelés par les glaciations quaternaires, ainsi qu'à proximité des talwegs. Les résultats de cette analyse descriptive et exploratoire constituent le fondement d'une discussion sur les propriétés et l'utilité potentielle de la géodiversité dans le cadre de la gestion des paysages et des espaces naturels.
Books on the topic "Sito Natura 2000"
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International, In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (6th 2001 San Diego Calif ). Natural attenuation of environmental contaminants: The Sixth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium : San Diego, California, June 4-7, 2001. Columbus, Ohio: Battelle Press, 2001.
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Paul, Moorhouse, and Lelie Herman, eds. Dartmoor: An eight day walk, 2005. London: Koenig Books, 2006.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Testimony on the remediation alternatives for the GEMS Landfill [June 2, 2003, Gloucester Township, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: The Unit, 2003.
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Nature, English. Solent European marine site: English Nature's advice given under Regulation 33 (2) of the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994, 18th October 2001. [Peterborough]: English Nature, 2001.
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Hubert, Job, and Li Jianxin, eds. Natural heritage, ecotourism, and sustainable development: Potentials and pitfalls for China : contributions delivered at the Sino-German Symposium on Natural Heritage, Ecotourism, and Sustainable Development, Zhangjiajie (China), 4.-11. November 2004. Kallmünz/Regensburg: M. Lassleben, 2006.
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Nature, English. Solent European marine site: English Nature's draft advice given under Regulation 33 (2) of the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994, 25th May 2001. [Peterborough]: English Nature, 2001.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Assembly concurrent resolution No. 169, amends Constitution to increase bonding cap for Garden State Preservation Trust from $1 billion to $1.15 billion [June 5, 2003, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: The Unit, 2003.
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Nature, English. South Wight Maritime European marine site: English Nature's advice given under Regulation 33 (2) of the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) regulations 1994, 25th May 2001. [Peterborough]: English Nature, 2001.
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Nature, English. South Wight Maritime European marine site: English Nature's draft advice given under Regulation 33 (2) of the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) regulations 1994, 25th May 2001. [Peterborough]: English Nature, 2000.
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Sustainable Tourism Management at World Heritage Sites: Enhancing Inter-agency and Stakeholder Coordination for Joint Action, International Conference, Huangshan, China, 24-27 March 2008. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Org, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sito Natura 2000"
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Freschi, Pierangelo, Mauro Musto, Rosanna Paolino, and Carlo Cosentino. "Grazing and Biodiversity Conservation: Highlights on a Natura 2000 Network Site." In The Sustainability of Agro-Food and Natural Resource Systems in the Mediterranean Basin, 271–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16357-4_18.
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Boeve, H., J. Boeck, and G. Borghs. "Exchange-Biased Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Prepared By In-situ Natural Oxidation." In Magnetic Storage Systems Beyond 2000, 531–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0624-8_48.
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Krause, Jochen C., Dieter Boedeker, Ina Backhausen, Kathrin Heinicke, Annette Groß, and Henning von Nordheim. "Rationale behind site selection for the NATURA 2000 network in the German EEZ." In Progress in Marine Conservation in Europe, 65–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33291-x_5.
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Lozano, Claudia. "Natural Heritage in Danger. Native Forests, New and Old Forms of Extractive Activities and Sustainability from the Perspective of a New Generation of Scientists, Activists and Entrepreneurs in Argentina." In 50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation, 399–411. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05660-4_31.
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AbstractThis article aims to address conflictive projects and their pathways of resolution in the field of land use and territorial and natural resource management in Latin America in relation to one of the protected areas of Argentinean Patagonia, Los Alerces National Park (PNLA), inscribed by UNESCO as a Natural World Heritage Site in 2017. I argue that the changes driven by the commodity boom (2000–2014), i.e., the development of extractive activities, deforestation and the expansion of grain and mineral exports, have had and continue to have a high environmental impact. Since the 2000s, the continent has experienced a series of protests that brought to light the unease caused by projects based on the development of large-scale extractive activities, which impacted legislation and reinforced the implementation of restrictive regulations for territorial management and land use, as seen from the nomination of the PNLA as a Natural World Heritage Site. The article shows that the legislative changes, as well as requirements of the PNLA inscription, provide fundamental legal support to the formulation, management and technical implementation of a new agro-silvo-pastoral culture capable of reconciling the conservation of scenic value (vii), biodiversity (x) and sustainability in protected areas. This proposal opens up the possibility of expanding the protected areas within the framework of the Andean-North Patagonian Biosphere Reserve.
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Tian, Runjia. "Suggestive Site Planning with Conditional GAN and Urban GIS Data." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 103–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_10.
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AbstractIn architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design, site planning refers to the organizational process of site layout. A fundamental step for site planning is the design of building layout across the site. This process is hard to automate due to its multi-modal nature: it takes multiple constraints such as street block shape, orientation, program, density, and plantation. The paper proposes a prototypical and extensive framework to generate building footprints as masterplan references for architects, landscape architects, and urban designers by learning from the existing built environment with Artificial Neural Networks. Pix2PixHD Conditional Generative Adversarial Neural Network is used to learn the mapping from a site boundary geometry represented with a pixelized image to that of an image containing building footprint color-coded to various programs. A dataset containing necessary information is collected from open source GIS (Geographic Information System) portals from the city of Boston, wrangled with geospatial analysis libraries in python, trained with the TensorFlow framework. The result is visualized in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, for generating site plans interactively.
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Barry, Alyssa, Paul Akogni, Franck Ogou, Evelyne Alitonou, Xiangling Chen, Lucie Tidjougouna, and Sébastien Moriset. "From the inscription to the extension of Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba, World Heritage Site: An example of successful transnational cooperation between Benin and Togo for the preservation of the site." In Managing Transnational UNESCO World Heritage sites in Africa, 147–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80910-2_13.
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AbstractKoutammakou is a vast mountainous region shared by Benin and Togo. This living cultural landscape is an authentic reflection of the way of life of the Batammariba people who live there, a people who is constantly seeking harmony between Man and nature and for whom the Sikien, remarkable earthen tower houses, still represent an exceptional symbol of identity. In 2004, the Togolese part of the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List. Fifteen years later and thanks to the clear will of Benin and Togo, this ecosystem was inscribed on the Tentative List of Benin as a transboundary site in 2020. Thereafter, Benin firmly committed itself to the process of elaborating the site’s extension dossier, which was submitted to the World Heritage Centre in January 2021. This initiative is part of the dynamics of a proven transnational cooperation between the Beninese and Togolese States aiming at restoring the territorial integrity of Koutammakou. Moreover, the extension constitutes a major challenge towards improved management of the site for the benefit of the local communities that live there and keep it alive.
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, and Xiaoxuan Lu. "Chinese Mass Nature Tourism and Ecotourism." In Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 159–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_7.
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AbstractThis chapter features two planning proposals that engage the ideological and practical frictions between Chinese mass nature tourism and ecotourism. Employed by China’s southwestern frontier provinces as a development model since the early 2000s, mass nature tourism is driven by an economic ideology that appropriates an “impoverished” region and its population as resources. In recent years, the Chinese model of mass nature tourism has been introduced into northern Laos. These large-scale tourism programs may arguably prove economically viable but unavoidably raise ethical, cultural and environmental questions that call for urgent attention. Focusing on Boten and Luang Prabang, the two featured planning proposals challenge an economic-driven and object-based mass nature tourism model and investigate the possibility of a site-, culture-, and landscape-sensitive ecotourism approach. Both projects begin with an analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of key landscape systems that are crucial for enabling the establishment of tourism programs and for sustaining local livelihoods and cultural practices that are indispensable assets of authentic cultural landscape experiences. Based on these analyses, both projects identify site-specific tourism development capacities, guiding the scale and speed of development to minimize conflict between local communities and tourism, while maximizing tourism-related ecological and social benefits.
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Dias, Teresa, Sandra Chaves, Rogério Tenreiro, Maria-Amélia Martins-Loução, Lucy J. Sheppard, and Cristina Cruz. "Effects of Increased Nitrogen Availability in Mediterranean Ecosystems: A Case Study in a Natura 2000 Site in Portugal." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 251–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_27.
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Alharbi, Saeed, and Gerald Mills. "Assessment of Exposure to Flash Flooding in an Arid Environment: A Case Study of the Jeddah City Neighborhood Abruq Ar Rughamah, Saudi Arabia." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 383–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_14.
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AbstractIn arid areas, flash floods represent one of the most severe hazards for people and infrastructure alike. The associated risks are compounded by increasing exposure and vulnerability through rapid and unregulated urbanization, poor infrastructure, and sociocultural factors, among other elements. This research explores the flash flooding risk in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah with a particular focus on the Abruq Ar Rughamah neighborhood, which experienced a destructive flood in November 2009 that resulted in 116 deaths and 1,200 families becoming homeless. The neighborhood is an interesting case study as it has two distinctive urban layouts representing planned and irregular settlement types. In this paper, the focus is placed on exposure to flash flood hazards using a geographic information system to study urban layouts, building types, and resident populations in conjunction with data from satellites, flood mapping studies, and topographic data. The results show that most of the study area is located along a natural flood path. The regions that were affected by the 2009 disaster received no comprehensive site rehabilitation. This paper concludes that it is important to develop a risk management strategy that includes limiting urban expansion in flood-prone areas and redesigning neighborhoods to increase flood resilience.
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De Luca, Giandomenico, Giuseppe Modica, Carmen Fattore, and Rosa Lasaponara. "Unsupervised Burned Area Mapping in a Protected Natural Site. An Approach Using SAR Sentinel-1 Data and K-mean Algorithm." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020, 63–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58814-4_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sito Natura 2000"
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Campanaro, A., F. Mason, and S. Hardersen. "Il piano di gestione del sito Natura 2000 Bosco della Fontana." In Terzo Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/cns2008.014.
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Segura Baró, Sílvia. "La pertorbació esdevé oportunitat: estratègies per la reinvenció dels nous llocs: la marca IBA-SEE a Lausitz (Alemanya)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5933.
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Els llocs pertorbats sorgeixen a partir de la tensa relació que s’estableix entre home i natura. Les
successives necessitats econòmiques de l’home han buscat l’aprofitament dels recursos naturals, inherents
i limitats d’un territori, originant veritables tensions. La pertorbació ocasiona una problemàtica; és rebutjada i
alhora produeix rebuig.
A través de l’anàlisi de l’experiència adquirida per l’IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land a la regió de Lausitz entre l’any
2000 i el 2010, s’intentaran buscar estratègies per fomentar nous desenvolupaments dels llocs pertorbats,
que afavoreixin el ressorgiment i la revitalització d’aquests territoris agredits per l’activitat productiva de
l’home, tant des del punt de vista social, cultural, econòmic i ecològic.
El coneixement del llenguatge del lloc, ha de ser l’eina clau per establir els elements de paisatge per fer-ho
possible. Disturbed sites emerge as a result of the strong interaction between man and nature. Throughout history, the
man has been searching the profit of natural resources offered by the land, in a limited and inherent sense,
causing huge tensions. This disturbance produces a significant trouble to the site which is manifested in two
diferent ways: it is refused and at the same time causes waste.
Through the analysis of the acquired experience by the IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land in the Lusatia region
between 2000 and 2010, this work is focused on searching strategies to improve new regional developments
in these disturbed sites to stimulate its revitalization. The land is damaged by man as a resource for
industrial production, in a social, cultural, economic and ecological way.
The discovery of the site language may eventually become the key tool to establish the landscape actors to
make it possible.
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Dumitrascu, Monica. "CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN A NATURA 2000 SITE: ROSCI0260 CEPELOR VALLEY. ROMANIA." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b51/s20.020.
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Moreno Osuna, Sònia. "Avaluació ambiental estratègica: estudi del cas POUM de Besalú." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7580.
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Segons la legislació vigent a Catalunya, cal fer un procés d’avaluació ambiental de plans i programes públics, com a eina de prevenció, que permeti integrar els aspectes ambientals en la presa de decisions. Els plans d’ordenació urbanística municipal queden inclosos com a plans públics i han de tenir en compte l’execució d’aquesta avaluació ambiental i, concretament, les actuacions i la documentació que exigeix la normativa vigent (article 7 de la Llei 9/2006, de 28 d’abril, sobre l’avaluació dels efectes de determinats plans i programes sobre el medi ambient).
El Pla d’ordenació urbanística municipal (en endavant, POUM) de Besalú, 2007, ha tingut, com a instrument d’avaluació ambiental, l’Informe de sostenibilitat ambiental (en endavant, ISA), el qual té per objectiu oferir un seguit de criteris sostenibles que serveixin de base per al desenvolupament urbanístic del municipi, basant-se en la integració dels principis de sostenibilitat establerts pel Decret 305/2006, la Llei estatal 9/2006, la Directiva 2001/42/CE i la nova Llei d’avaluació ambiental de plans i programes (AAPP) de Catalunya, aprovada pel Parlament de Catalunya el 15 d’abril de 2009.
La Llei d’urbanisme i el seu Reglament es pronuncien clarament a favor d’un desenvolupament urbanístic sostenible, sobre la base de la utilització racional del territori, per compatibilitzar el creixement i el dinamisme econòmic necessaris amb la cohesió social, el respecte al medi ambient i la qualitat de vida de les generacions actuals i futures.
Segons la Directiva 2001/42/CE, els elements ambientals de sostenibilitat que ha d’incorporar un Pla d’ordenació urbanística municipal s’han d’integrar des del primer moment en la presa de decisions que comporta la formulació del planejament. Per aquest motiu, és necessari fixar uns objectius ambientals, que són els següents:
* Diagnòstic ambiental del territori.
* Fixació d’objectius ambientals.
* Determinació d’indicadors del compliment dels objectius marcats.
* Incorporació dels objectius ambientals en les determinacions del planejament: d’ordenació, de normatives, de programació i de finançament.
* Validació del compliment dels objectius establerts.
* Mesures de desplegament i de seguiment.
Segons l’art. 3.1 del Decret legislatiu 1/2005, de 26 de juliol, d’urbanisme, s’entén per principi de sostenibilitat relacionat amb el planejament urbanístic: “El desenvolupament urbanístic sostenible es defineix com la utilització racional del territori i el medi ambient i comporta conjuminar les necessitats de creixement amb la preservació dels recursos naturals i dels valors paisatgístics, arqueològics, històrics i culturals, a fi de garantir la qualitat de vida de les generacions presents i futures”.
Aquest estudi de cas vol destacar la importància que va tenir l’anàlisi ambiental i l’avaluació de les característiques socioambientals més significatives dels nous sectors de creixement proposats i de les àrees objecte de modificació i/o transformació, així com les del seu context territorial immediat (mesura requerida al document de referència, emès per l’òrgan ambiental competent: “Oficina territorial d’avaluació ambiental estratègica de Girona”), per tal de justificar l’ordenació urbanística d’acord amb uns criteris urbanístics i socioambientals sostenibles. Strategic environmental evaluation: Case study, Urban Plan, POUM Besalú (Catalonia). According to the existing legislation in Catalonia it is necessary as a preventative method to carry out a process of environmental evaluation for planning and for public programmes which would allow for the integration of environment issues in the decision making processes. The urban town plans are considered to be public plans and therefore they must take into account this environmental evaluation. In particular they must consider the necessary actions as well as the specific documentation which the existing regulation requires (article 7 of the 9/2006 Regulation of 28 April relating to the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment).
As an instrument for environmental evaluation, the Urban Town Plan (POUM) Besalú 2007, has done a report on environmental sustainability, (ISA). The objective of this report is to offer a series of sustainable criterion which serve as a basis for the town planning development, basing itself upon the integration of the sustainable principals established in: The 305/2006 Decree, the State Legislation 9/2006, the Directive 2001/42/CE and the blueprint of the Catalan Environmental Evaluation Legislation for Plans and Programmes (AAPP).
The urbanistic Legislation and its Regulations indicate to be clearly in favour of a sustainable urban development based upon the rational use of land in order to create compatibility between growth and the necessary economic dynamism together with social cohesion, respect towards the environment and the quality of life of the present and future generations.
According to the Directive 2001/42/CE, the sustainable environmental elements which ought to be incorporated into the Urban Town Plan need to be integrated from the beginning of the decision making process which is required in the establishing of the general layout plan. For this reason it is necessary to establish the following environmental objectives:
* Environmental diagnosis of the site.
* Establishment of environmental objectives.
* Setting up of pointers for compliance of the established objectives.
* Incorporation of environmental objectives in the setting up of town plans, regulations, programming and financing.
* Verification of compliance with established objectives.
* Deployment measures and follow up.
According to the Town Planning article 3.1 of the Legislative Decree 1/2005 dated 26 July, the concept of sustainability related to urban layout is understood as the following: ”Sustainable urban development is defined as the rational use of land and the environment and it involves the combination of the needs of expansion with the preservation of natural resources while taking into consideration landscape, arqueological, historic and cultural values with the intention of guaranteeing the quality of life of present and future generations.”
This case study wishes to highlight the importance of the environmental analysis and the evaluation of the most important social-environmental characteristics in the new sectors of proposed growth and in the areas subject to modification and/or transformation the same as those in the immediate territorial context(this measure is required in the reference Document emited by the appropriate environmental body “Girona Land strategic environmental evaluation Office”) in order to justify the urban plan in accordance with urbanistic and sustainable social-environmental criterion.
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Ardeleanu, Nicoleta-Nona, and Iuliana-Gabriela Breaban. "ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR WATER AND ANTHROPIC PRESSURES THAT INFLUENCE ECOSYSTEMS FROM NATURA 2000 SITE ROSCI0434 SIRETUL MIJLOCIU." In 21st SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2021. STEF92 Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021/5.1/s20.024.
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Dumitrascu, Monica. "KEY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN ASSESSING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN A NATURA 2000 SITE: ROSPA0075 MAGURA ODOBE?TI. ROMANIA." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b52/s20.038.
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Jekot, B. P. "Sensitivity to site and the nature of materials – Southern African architectural design." In DESIGN AND NATURE 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dn080241.
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Shuo, Guo, and Zhu Yi-sheng. "Predicting Splice Site by Improved Bayesian Classifier." In 2009 Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2009.230.
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Browne, F. X. "Using Low Impact Development Methods to Maintain Natural Site Hydrology." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)345.
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Barnes, Andrew, Sarah Johnson, and Michael Stewart. "Planning for closure – predicting mine site post-closure water quality within a Natura 2000 protection area in northern Scandinavia." In Eighth International Seminar on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Cornwall, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1352_25_barnes.
Full textReports on the topic "Sito Natura 2000"
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Plessinger, Mark. July 2010 Natural Gas and Produced Water Sampling at the Gasbuggy, New Mexico, Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1114525.
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KellerLynn, Katie. John Muir National Historic Site: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288497.
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Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2007 and a follow-up conference call in 2020. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic heritage, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues of John Muir National Historic Site. Guidance for resource management and information about the previously completed GRI map data is also provided. A GRI map poster (separate product) illustrate the GRI map data. Geologic features, processes, and resource management issues identified include the Great Valley sequence, an unconformity, the Martinez Formation, the San Andreas Fault, an anticline, fluvial features and processes, erosion, flooding, slope movements, earthquakes, climate change, and paleontological resources.
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Waichler, Scott R., Mark S. Wigmosta, and Andre M. Coleman. Natural Recharge to the Unconfined Aquifer System on the Hanford Site from the Greater Cold Creek Watershed: Progress Report 2004. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020929.
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Sprague, Joshua, David Kushner, James Grunden, Jamie McClain, Benjamin Grime, and Cullen Molitor. Channel Islands National Park Kelp Forest Monitoring Program: Annual report 2014. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293855.
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Channel Islands National Park (CHIS) has conducted long-term ecological monitoring of the kelp forests around San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands since 1982. The original permanent transects were established at 16 sites between 1981 and 1986 with the first sampling beginning in 1982, this being the 33rd year of monitoring. An additional site, Miracle Mile, was established at San Miguel Island in 2001 by a commercial fisherman with assistance from the park. Miracle Mile was partially monitored from 2002 to 2004, and then fully monitored (using all KFM protocols) since 2005. In 2005, 16 additional permanent sites were established to collect baseline data from inside and adjacent to four marine reserves that were established in 2003. Sampling results from all 33 sites mentioned above are included in this report. Funding for the Kelp Forest Monitoring Program (KFM) in 2014 was provided by the National Park Service (NPS). The 2014 monitoring efforts utilized 49 days of vessel time to conduct 1,040 dives for a total of 1,059 hours of bottom time. Population dynamics of a select list of 71 “indicator species” (consisting of taxa or categories of algae, fish, and invertebrates) were measured at the 33 permanent sites. In addition, population dynamics were measured for all additional species of fish observed at the sites during the roving diver fish count. Survey techniques follow the CHIS Kelp Forest Monitoring Protocol Handbook (Davis et al. 1997) and an update to the sampling protocol handbook currently being developed (Kushner and Sprague, in progress). The techniques utilize SCUBA and surface-supplied-air to conduct the following monitoring protocols: 1 m2 quadrats, 5 m2 quadrats, band transects, random point contacts, fish transects, roving diver fish counts, video transects, size frequency measurements, and artificial recruitment modules. Hourly temperature data were collected using remote temperature loggers at 32 sites, the exception being Miracle Mile where there is no temperature logger installed. This annual report contains a brief description of each site including any notable observations or anomalies, a summary of methods used, and monitoring results for 2014. All the data collected during 2014 can be found in the appendices and in an Excel workbook on the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) portal. In the 2013 annual report (Sprague et al. 2020) several changes were made to the appendices. Previously, annual report density and percent cover data tables only included the current year’s data. Now, density and percent cover data are presented in graphical format and include all years of available monitoring data. Roving diver fish count (RDFC), fish size frequency, natural habitat size frequency, and Artificial Recruitment Module (ARM) size frequency data are now stored on IRMA at https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2259651. The temperature data graphs in Appendix L include the same graphs that were used in past reports, but include additional violin plot sections that compare monthly means from the current year to past years. In addition to the changes listed above, the layout of the discussion section was reordered by species instead of by site. The status of kelp forests differed among the five park islands. This is a result of a combination of factors including but not limited to, oceanography, biogeography and associated differences in species abundance and composition, as well as sport and commercial fishing pressure. All 33 permanent sites were established in areas that had or were historically known to have had kelp forests in the past. In 2014, 15 of the 33 sites monitored were characterized as developing kelp forest, kelp forest or mature kelp forest. In addition, three sites were in a state of transition. Two sites were part kelp forest and part dominated by Strongylocentrotus purpuratus...
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498234.
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The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498241.
Full textAbstract:
The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Chiricahua National Monument, Coronado National Memorial, and Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Water year 2019. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293370.
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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in southern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Chiricahua National Monument (NM), Coronado National Memorial (NMem), and Fort Bowie National Historic Site (NHS) during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Overall annual precipitation at Chiricahua NM and Coronado NMem in WY2019 was approximately the same as the normals for 1981–2010. (The weather station at Fort Bowie NHS had missing values on 275 days, so data were not presented for that park.) Fall and winter rains were greater than normal. The monsoon season was generally weaker than normal, but storm events related to Hurricane Lorena led to increased late-season rain in September. Mean monthly maximum temperatures were generally cooler than normal at Chiricahua, whereas mean monthly minimum temperatures were warmer than normal. Temperatures at Coronado were more variable relative to normal. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) indicated that Chiricahua NM was slightly wetter than normal. (The WY2019 RDI could not be calculated for Coronado NMem due to missing data.) The five-year moving mean of annual precipitation showed both park units were experiencing a minor multi-year precipitation deficit relative to the 39-year average. Mean groundwater levels in WY2019 increased at Fort Bowie NHS, and at two of three wells monitored at Chiricahua NM, compared to WY2018. Levels in the third well at Chiricahua slightly decreased. By contrast, water levels declined in five of six wells at Coronado NMem over the same period, with the sixth well showing a slight increase over WY2018. Over the monitoring record (2007–present), groundwater levels at Chiricahua have been fairly stable, with seasonal variability likely caused by transpiration losses and recharge from runoff events in Bonita Creek. At Fort Bowie’s WSW-2, mean groundwater level was also relatively stable from 2004 to 2019, excluding temporary drops due to routine pumping. At Coronado, four of the six wells demonstrated increases (+0.30 to 11.65 ft) in water level compared to the earliest available measurements. Only WSW-2 and Baumkirchner #3 have shown net declines (-17.31 and -3.80 feet, respectively) at that park. Springs were monitored at nine sites in WY2019 (four sites at Chiricahua NM; three at Coronado NMem, and two at Fort Bowie NHS). Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included modifications to flow, such as dams, berms, or spring boxes. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails, scat, or evidence of flooding. Crews observed 0–6 facultative/obligate wetland plant taxa and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed six non-native plant species: common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), rabbitsfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and water chemistry were collected at all nine sites. It is likely that that all nine springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019, though temperature sensors failed at two sites. The seven sites with continuous sensor data had water present for most of the year. Discharge was measured at eight sites and ranged from < 1 L/minute to 16.5 L/minute.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
Full textAbstract:
Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove, and Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.
Full textAbstract:
Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.