Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sites and soils

Academic literature on the topic 'Sites and soils'

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Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sites and soils":

Jęruszczak, Maria. "Plant communities of stubble-fielde in the Lublin region. P.llI. Plant communities of rich and humid sites." Acta Agrobotanica 43, no. 1-2 (2013): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1990.013.

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Two plant communities have been distinguished on the fertile and humid solis in the Lublin region. I. <i>Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi</i> Siss. 1942 (especially on the alluvial soils developed from loams, clays and silts); 2. <i>Rorippa sylvestris-Oxalis stricta</i> (on the loess, silts of water origin and alluvial soils developed from loamy sands). Each of the two types of communities was divided into two variants differing in floristic composition, which reflected the diversity of trophical, hydrological and pH conditions these soils.

Galitskova, Yulia M. "Contamination of Soils and Sub-Soils at Construction Sites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 661 (November 21, 2019): 012144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/661/1/012144.

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Radhi Jubier, Amal, and Mustafa Thabit Ail. "Agricultural exploitation and physiographic location in the availability of nutrients to the soil of Diyala Governorate." Sumer 4 8, CSS 4 (October 15, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.22.

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The study area was chosen to include three physiographic sites on the Diyala River, as it is located in the village of Umm Al-Azam between longitudes 33.71785 east and latitudes 44.6185 north. There are four pedons in each A physiographic unit, two of which are in cultivated sites and the other two are in unexploited agricultural sites, so the total of the studied pedons is twelve. The results of laboratory analysis showed that the lowest content of available nitrogen for the cultivated sites was in the soils of river levees and the highest content in the soils of the river basins, while in the abandoned soil sites, it was the lowest content in the soils of the river basins and the highest content in the soils of depressions, and that the variance of the available nitrogen content in the soils of the cultivated pedons sites was moderate. The results indicated that the available phosphorous content in the sites of cultivated pedons soils ranged between 17.25 – 40.24 mg kg-1 as it was the lowest content in river levee and the highest in the depressions soils, while the available phosphorous content in the soils of the abandoned pedons sites ranged between 19.19 - 43.00 mg kg-1 as it was the lowest content in river basins and the highest content in depressions soils, while the variance of phosphorus in the cultivated soils pedons was of slight variation available. The available potassium content in the soils of the planted pedons sites ranged between 175.60 - 255.17 mg kg-1 , as it was the lowest content in the river levee and the highest in the soils of the river basins. The available potassium content in the soils of the abandoned pedons sites ranged between 170.64 - 257.45 mg kg-1 , where the lowest content of the available potassium was in the river levee soils, and the highest was in the depressions soils. Also, the variance of the available potassium in the pedons' soils was very little. As for the effect of the interaction between agricultural exploitation and physiographic sites and horizons in the characteristics of the study area, the results of the statistical analysis indicated that all study indicators represented by sites, type of use, horizons and their interactions did not have a significant effect of increasing nitrogen in the soil of the study area, as well as phosphorous and potassium. Keywords: N, P, K, nutrients, physiographic location, agricultural exploitation.

Abed, Abdulkareem H. "Estimation of Dispersion Phenomena for Selected Sites in Babylon Governorate." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 7 (July 3, 2018): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v26i7.1491.

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This investigation is conducted to estimate the dispersion phenomena for selected sites in Babylon governorate (ALkheder – Almossiab, ALsadda, ALbunafaa, ALhashmia,). The main aim of this investigation is to study dispersion phenomena, and identification and classification of soils to (high, intermediate, and non-dispersion) depending on special test methods in dispersion phenomena. The experimental tests that were done; indexes, physical, and chemical tests to natural soils and special tests were done to the identification and classification of dispersion soils. The results of crumb test showed weak dispersion (Grade 2) for AL sadda soil, but the soils of ((ALkhezer – Almossaab, AL.bunafaa, AL.hashmia) showed intermediate dispersion (Grade 3). The results of the double hydrometer test showed that ALkheder – Al.mossaab, and ALbunafaa were of intermediate dispersion soils, and for AL.hashmia, and AL sadda soils were non – dispersive. The results of slacking test indicated that (ALkheder - Almossaab, ALbunafeej) were dispersive soils and (AL.hashmia, ALsadda soils) were non– dispersive. While the results of soluble salts in pore water test indicated that all soils were non–dispersive but with different ratios according to its position in zone B of the classification chart.

Lang, Friederike, and Martin Kaupenjohann. "Molybdenum at German Norway spruce sites: contents and mobility." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-022.

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Molybdenum plays an important role in the nitrogen turnover of ecosystems. However, very little is known about Mo availability in forest soils. We measured the oxalate-extractable Mo concentrations of acid forest soils, the Mo, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate fluxes from the organic forest floor into the mineral soil using resin tubes and the Mo concentrations of the tree needles at 28 different Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sites in southern Germany. The supply of oxalate-extractable Mo varied from 51 to 3400 g·ha-1, with the lowest values occurring in sandstone-derived soils (370 ± 212 g·ha-1; mean ± SD). Molybdenum concentrations of current-year needles were in the range of 5 to 48 ng·g-1. The Mo needle concentrations and oxalate-extractable Mo of soils did not correlate. However, Mo fluxes (6-60 g·ha-1·a-1) from the organic forest floor into the mineral soils were correlated to needle concentrations and to the NO3 fluxes. We conclude that Mo turnover within forest ecosystems is governed by Mo plant availability of mineral soils as well as by plant Mo uptake. In addition, Mo cycling strongly affects Mo distribution within soil profiles and Mo fluxes out of the organic layer.

Jones, David T., Homathevi Rahman, David E. Bignell, and Anggoro H. Prasetyo. "Forests on ultramafic-derived soils in Borneo have very depauperate termite assemblages." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990356.

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Abstract:Previous studies in Sundaland (Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Peninsular Malaysia) have shown that termite assemblages in natural forests have a characteristic structure. These typical forest assemblages contain many soil-feeding species. However, this study investigated four natural forest sites in Borneo with depauperate termite assemblages, and compared their soils with soils from four other sites that have typical termite assemblages. In contrast to the typical assemblages, the four depauperate assemblages all have low species density (<35%), low relative abundance (<30%), a virtual absence of soil-feeders, significantly fewer wood-feeders, and a near-absence of species of Rhinotermitidae, Amitermes-group, Termes-group, Pericapritermes-group and Oriensubulitermes-group. The depauperate sites are on ultramafic-derived soils and have significantly higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, copper and zinc compared with the non-ultramafic soils at sites with typical assemblages. In addition, soil pH at the depauperate sites is significantly higher (>pH 5.4) compared with soils at the typical sites (which are all below pH 4.7). Possible mechanisms to explain the depauperate termite assemblages on ultramafic soils include metal toxicity, high pH disrupting gut physiology, and microbial interactions with metals.

ZENG, Yunmin, Li'ao WANG, Tengtun XU, Xue SONG, and Yanze YANG. "Performance of an intermediate soil cover for landfill sites." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800052x.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to improve the performance of an intermediate covering of soils in landfill sites by using agents such as calcined lime, sawdust and polyacrylamide (PAM). Compressive strength, permeability and water-holding capacity of modified soils were measured, and the effects of regulating pH and pollutant removal in leachate were also investigated in a leaching experiment. The results indicate that three modifying agents could improve the compressive strength of an intermediate soil cover. The permeability of lime-treated soil increased as the amount of lime increased, while that of sawdust- and PAM-modified soil declined. Results from a leaching experiment show that lime- and sawdust-modified soils could improve leachate quality. The pH value of leachate from 5% lime-modified soils was 7.78, which is suitable for the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and volatile fatty acids in leachate permeating lime- and sawdust-modified intermediate cover was improved so that the pollution load of leachate was reduced. The water-holding capacities for 20% sawdust and 0.5% PAM-modified soils were 65.19% and 43.52%, respectively, which helps to maintain the optimum water content of landfill. The water-holding capacity of PAM-modified samples declined in alkaline soil. It is concluded that the combination of 5% sawdust, 5% lime and 90% soil would be optimal for an intermediate covering layer.

McANDREW, D. W., and S. S. MALHI. "LONG-TERM EFFECT OF DEEP PLOWING SOLONETZIC SOIL ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CROP YIELD." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-059.

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Deep plowing (DP) has been investigated as a possible ameliorative procedure for Solonetzic soils, but the long-term effects of DP on soil properties are not known. Soil sampling to determine the long-lasting effects of DP on some soil chemical properties and crop yields was conducted at four sites with Solonetzic soils in east-central Alberta. The soils had been deep plowed 11–29 yr prior to sampling. Compared to adjacent unplowed (check) treatments, DP resulted in significant improvements in soil chemical properties at most of the sites. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the AB horizon (12- or 15- to 30-cm depth) was lower after DP at all four sites. Extractable and soluble Ca increased in the Ap horizon (0–12 cm) of DP soils, whereas extractable Na decreased in the Ap or AB horizons at three sites. The pH of the Ap horizon increased from acidic to neutral at three sites, while EC of the Ap horizon decreased at two sites. Crop yield increased due to DP at the three sites where yields were measured. The results indicate a long-term amelioration of Solonetzic soils by DP. Key words: Amelioration, deep plowing, deep tillage, sodic soil

Al-Kawam, Fatima Q., and Raid A. Mahmood. "The Effect of Geotechnical Factors in Road of Basrah, Southern Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 1C (March 31, 2022): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1c.12ms-2022-03-31.

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Most Basrah roads are conducted to a major failure in their layers and bases, which appears in the form of cracking, crushing, landing, as well as massive holes. The influence of geotechnical factors on the performance of Basrah roads has been studied. Sixteen sites were selected for sampling, which are Al-Medaina, West Qurna, Al-Hartha, Al-Dir, Shatt Al-Arab, Al-Tuwaisa, Hayy-Al-Hussein, Al-Shuaiba, Al-Maqal, Al-Gazara, Abu-Al-Khaseeb, Al-Ashar, Umm Qasser, Al-Zubair Petrochemical factory, and Al-Faw. The soil properties were studied up to 3 meters of depth at each location to find out the effect of geotechnical properties on roads. Laboratory tests were carried out on the samples, which included grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, gypsum content, total soluble salts, swelling potential, organic content, and standard penetration test. The results presented that the percentage of gypsum exceeded the allowable limit in the standard specifications at the sites (S7, S8, S13, S14, S16). Also, the percentage of total soluble salts exceeded the allowable limit in the standard specifications at the sites (S5, S8, S16). The results showed that the soils in S1, S2, S3, S4, S7, S11 have medium swelling potential, which requires treating before building roads on them. The results also showed that the percentage of organic materials exceeded the permissible limit in the standards specifications at the sites S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S9, S10, S11, S12, S15. The results also showed that the cohesive soils in the first meter of the sites (S2, S5, S11), the second meter of the sites (S2, S7, S12) and the third meter of the sites (S5, S9, S10, S11, S12) are medium stiff soils, which requires treating before building roads on them. While the non-cohesive soils at the two sites (S8, S13) are medium dense soils, in two sites (S14, S16) are loose sandy soils in the first meter, while the second meter in sites (S8, S13, S14, S16) are medium dense soils, and the third meter at the site (S14) is medium dense soils.

Mori Alvez, Cristina, Carlos Perdomo Varela, Pablo González Barrios, Andrea Bentos Guimaraes, and Amabelia del Pino Machado. "Lupine Cultivation Affects Soil’s P Availability and Nutrient Uptake in Four Contrasting Soils." Agronomy 14, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020389.

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A substantial amount of phosphorus (P) in the soil is not readily available for plant uptake. Certain species may enhance P availability from poorly soluble P forms. This study focused on improving our comprehension of the effect of two lupine species (L. albus and L. angustifolius) on soil’s P mobilization and its link with soil acidity variations, comparing the response of the lupine species in terms of plant traits (i.e., aboveground biomass and nutrient uptake) with that of oats (Avena strigosa L.) in four contrasting soils (i.e., available P in soil, soil acidity, soil fertility, and texture). The phosphorus solubilization capacity was assessed on variations of P availability (PBray1) at four points in time, comparing soils with lupine to oat-containing soils and their baseline values. Compared to soils containing oats, at harvest, lupine soils had significantly increased PBray1 concentrations; the maximum average increment was around 5.3 mg kg−1, with L. albus in Sites 1 and 2, which presented higher organic matter (OM) contents than the other two sites. Lupine-induced soil acidification did not fully explain that P increase. Oats exhibited the highest increase in shoot dry weight in response to soil’s P availability, while lupine was the least affected. Nevertheless, L. albus showed similar or higher nutrient uptake than oats across all soils. The manganese (Mn) concentration was high in both lupine species’ shoot biomass; however, within each lupine species, across all soil types tested, these legumes had different Mn accumulation levels depending on the soil acidity. Lupinus albus had a higher ability to mobilize non-labile P in the light-textured soil with a high OM content, achieving comparable and higher plant P status than oats and providing N through biological N fixation (BNF), positioning it as a suitable crop for diversifying Uruguay’s agricultural crop rotation systems.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sites and soils":

Edvantoro, Bagus Bina. "Bioavailability, toxicity and microbial volatilisation of arsenic in soils from cattle dip sites." Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ae24.pdf.

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Ring, Eva. "Nitrogen in soil water at five nitrogen-enriched forest sites in Sweden /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5795-5.pdf.

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Xiong, Xianzhe, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Heavy metal accumulation in soils at three field sites subject to effluent irrigation." Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.110403.

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Three field sites were chosen to study the environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil. These sites were the Werribee Farm and the Myome Farm in Australia and Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area in China. The Werribee Farm and the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area received sewage treatment and application on land for a long time. The Myome farm is an experimental site in which investigations on land application of municipal wastewater on water repellent soils is currently being trailed. Heavy metal contamination, in particular Cr, Cu and Zn, in the Land Filtration soil of Werribee Farm was widespread. More than a century of sewage irrigation has occurred in the Werribee Farm. The temporal distribution pattern of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil at this site follow an exponential trend with time and the spatial distribution pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in different paddocks correlates with the number of years of sewage irrigation at that site in the Farm. Extensive sewage irrigation at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area resulted in significant Cd pollution in soil-plant (rice) system and poses a significant threat to the health of local people. Even after eight years since cessation of sewage irrigation, the bioavailable fractions of Cd in the soil as analyzed by sequential extraction techniques were very high thus illustrating long-term persistence. The simultaneous competitive adsorption of metals in water repellent soils (at Myome Farm in South Australia) was studied. In the competitive situation, Cr, Pb and Cu are the heavy metal cations more strongly adsorbed by the soil, whereas Cd, Ni and Zn are the least adsorbed. The increase in Freundlich adsorption capacity by clay amendment suggested that clayed soils are capable sorption of higher heavy metal loadings compared to the non-clayed water repellent soil, which is more vulnerable to heavy metal inputs. A simple model of environmental assimilative capacity is proposed. The results of comparison of the three field sites shows that the Werribee Farm has a higher environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil than the soils at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area and Myome Farm, however heavy metal contamination at Werribee Farm is still a concern. The model of environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil is an effective tool to assist management of effluent applied land irrigation systems and can be used to better design environmental engineering systems.

Quine, T. A. "An evaluation of soil analysis for determining formation processes on archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382402.

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McIntyre, Jonathan Larry. "AN EVALUATION OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND-MOTION SITE EFFECTS AT TWO SITES UNDERLAIN BY DEEP SOILS IN WESTERN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/562.

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Six earthquake acceleration time histories were used to evaluate the groundmotion response of two sites, VSAP and VSAS, near the New Madrid Seismic Zone. These earthquakes ranged in magnitude from Mw 3.6 to Mw 5.2 and were located 46 to 173 km away from the recording instruments. These two sites are underlain by thick sequences (100 and 590 m) of unlithified soil that have been shown to greatly influence earthquake ground motions. Near-surface soil dynamic properties were characterized at the two sites using seismic SH-wave refraction, P-S suspension logging, borehole electrical logs, and geotechnical logging methods. The soil properties were developed into a soil model for each site and the soil models were used to compare theoretical ground-motion models to the actual strong-motion time histories. An 1-D ground-motion simulation program (EERA) was used to complete the theoretical ground-motion analysis. The results of the model indicated that the soils underlying VSAP generated amplification factors of 0.9 to 2.9 at about 6 and 9 Hz. Soils underlying VSAS generated amplification factors of 1.8 to 4.2 at about 5 Hz. These values correlated well with the observations at the two sites.

Eckenrod, Brian John. "Recreation Impacts on High Elevation Soils: A Comparison of Disturbed, Undisturbed and Restored Sites." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/eckenrod/EckenrodB0506.pdf.

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Mountainous regions comprise more than 30% of the world's terrestrial biomes and are valued for livestock forage, mineral and timber assets and recreation opportunities. Disturbance has resulted in major ecological changes in high elevation ecosystems, including vegetation loss, soil compaction, and reduced soil organic matter (SOM). Restoring high elevation disturbed sites has proven challenging for many years, possibly because of our limited knowledge of disturbance effects on belowground biota, and the ecosystem functions they facilitate. This research compares soil physiochemical and biological properties on disturbed, undisturbed and restored subalpine soils in two national forests in Montana and Washington. Soil physiochemical properties measured include soil moisture, bulk density, SOM, soil nitrogen (N; both total and plant available), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Biological processes measured include mycorrhizal infectivity potential (MIP), decomposition, enzyme activity, substrate induced respiration (SIR) and N mineralization. Soil moisture and SOM were significantly lower, while bulk density was higher, on disturbed sites. Total nitrogen (N) was lower on disturbed sites, while NOâ‚ƒ - and NHâ‚„ + differed only between geographic locations. MIP was low overall and did not differ between disturbance. Decomposition rates did not differ between disturbance after 3, 12 or 24 months. Enzyme activity differed with disturbance and location, with significantly lower activity on disturbed sites for 1 substrate, while nearly significant lower activities for 4 out of 8 substrates measured. SIR differed with disturbance and location, with lower responses on disturbed sites for 6 of 26 substrates. Soil physiochemical and biological characteristics are affected by disturbance and location, however results vary between the parameters measured. This suggests ecosystem components, including soil physiochemical and biological properties are decoupled, responding individualistically to disturbance and restoration.

Carlton, Brian. "An Improved Description of the Seismic Response of Sites with High Plasticity Soils, Organic Clays, and Deep Soft Soil Deposits." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640374.

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Near surface soils can greatly influence the amplitude, duration, and frequency content of ground motions. The amount of their influence depends on many factors, such as the geometry and engineering properties of the soils and underlying bedrock, as well as the earthquake source mechanism and travel path. Building codes such as the 2012 International Building Code (IBC) define six site categories for seismic design of structures, which are based on the sites defined by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). Site categories A, B, C, D, and E are defined by the time averaged shear wave velocity over the top 30 meters of the soil deposit. Site category F is defined as sites that include liquefiable or sensitive soils, as well as sites with more than 3 meters (10 ft) of peat or highly organic clays, more than 7.5 meters (25 ft) of soil with PI > 75, and more than 37 meters (120 ft) of soft to medium stiff clays. The IBC specifies simplified procedures to calculate design spectra for NEHRP sites A through E, and requires a site specific investigation for NEHRP F sites. However, established procedures for performing the required site specific investigations for NEHRP F sites are limited.

The objective of this research is to develop a simplified procedure to estimate design spectra for non-liquefiable NEHRP F sites, specifically sites with organic soils, highly plastic soils, and deep soft soil deposits. The results from this research will directly affect US practice by developing much needed guidelines in this area.

There is little empirical data on the seismic response of non-liquefiable NEHRP F sites. As a result, this study focused on generating data from site response analyses. To capture the variability of ground motions, this study selected five base case scenarios according to tectonic environments and representative cases encountered in common US practice. Suites of ground motions for each scenario were created by collecting ground motions from online databases. Some of the ground motions were scaled and others were spectrally matched to their respective target response spectra. Fifteen different NEHRP E and F sites were created for the site response analyses. Seven of the sites are based on actual sites from the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, Ottawa, Canada, Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Hokkaido, Japan. The other eight sites are variations of the seven base case sites. This study conducted a total of 14,541 site response analyses using a well documented site response analysis program.

This study then developed a simplified model to estimate response spectra for non-liquefiable NEHRP F sites. The simplified model was developed in two stages. In the first stage, the results for each site were regressed separately against the ground motion intensity to estimate the effect of the ground motion scenario. In the second stage, the site specific coefficients calculated from the first stage were regressed against site properties to determine their site dependence. These two parts were then combined to form the final model. The simplified model was validated against a separate database than the one used to develop it. This validation database consisted of 24 effective stress nonlinear site response analyses for three sites and eight ground motion scenarios.

The simplified model developed in this study does not replace a site response analysis, but rather augments it. It is hoped that the results of this dissertation will help practicing engineers gain a better understanding of their site before conducting site response analyses

Mojsilovic, Ognjen. "Estimating bioaccessibility, phytoavailability and phytotoxicity of contaminant arsenic in soils at former sheep dip sites." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1142.

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Recognition that the bioavailability of soil As (As) is influenced by its soil dynamics has initiated research into development of more accurate, site-specific soil guideline values, departing from the assumption that the total soil As content is bioavailable. With the aim of deriving predictive models, the relationship between soil properties and As bioavailability (bioaccessibility and phytotoxicity) was examined on a set of naturally contaminated sheep dip soils (n = 30). Sampled soils were extensively characterised, bioaccessibility was estimated through an in vitro procedure, and soil As toxicity and availability to plants were evaluated using an early growth wheat bioassay. The in vitro bioaccessibility was consistently less than the total soil As content. Arsenic bioaccessibility was negatively correlated to soil iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminium (Al) contents, and it was positively related to the soil As loading. The in vitro extractable soil As concentrations were successfully modelled using linear combinations of soil As content, soil Fe and Mn determinations and soil pH. Differences in As phytotoxicity, expressed in terms of effective toxic concentration (EC50), between soils were directly related to soil Fe, Mn and Al contents. Available soil phosphorous (P) exerted an ameliorating effect on As toxicity, with the available soil As/P ratio representing the single best predictor of plant growth suppression. Plant P nutrition appeared to influence the relative selectivity for As and P by wheat, with greater selectivity for P demonstrated under P deficient conditions. Plant As uptake, its distribution, and also the plant nutrient status were all adversely affected by increasing soil As exposure. Co-contamination by Zn corresponded to a substantial elevation in proportion of the plant As allocated in shoots. Plant As levels exhibited a saturation-dependent relationship with increasing soil As. The best linear predictors of plant As levels in the non-toxic range were RHIZO-extractable and effective soil As concentrations, the latter based on the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. Despite the complexity of soil As dynamics, large proportions in the variances exhibited by the two measures of bioavailability were explained using a small set of readily-available soil properties.

Boyle, Richard Anthony. "The use of poloxamer surfactants in soils washing for the remediation of former gasworks sites." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275315.

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Bays, Nathalie. "The effects of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) on the vegetation and soils of their nesting sites /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ29651.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Sites and soils":

E, Alley Darrell, Forestry Sciences Laboratory (Columbia, Mo.), and United States Forest Service, eds. Soil sampler for rocky sites. [Columbia, Mo.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Carolina Forest Experiment Station, 1997.

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Ponder, Felix. Soil sampler for rocky sites. [St Paul, Minn.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Carolina Forest Experiment Station, 1997.

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name, No. Probabilistic site characterization at the National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003.

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Russell, David L. Remediation manual for petroleum-contaminated sites. Lancaster: Technomic Pub. Co., 1992.

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Branch, British Columbia Horticultural, ed. Selection of orchard sites and soils. Victoria, B.C: W.H. Cullin, 1997.

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Lecomte, Paul. Polluted sites: Remediation of soils and groundwater. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1999.

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Wang, C. Benchmark sites for monitoring agricultural soil quality in Canada. [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1994.

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Mainga, P. M. Preliminary soil conditions of Embori, Kalalu, and Mukogodo sites. [Nairobi]: Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, 1994.

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Jean, Benoît, and Lutenegger A. J, eds. National geotechnical experimentation sites. Reston, Va: Geo Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000.

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Cole, G. Mattney. Assessment and remediation of petroleum contaminated sites. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sites and soils":

Hodson, Mark E., Martina G. Vijver, and Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg. "Bioavalibility in Soils." In Dealing with Contaminated Sites, 721–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6_16.

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Meuser, Helmut, and Robert H. M. Van de Graaff. "Characteristics of Natural and Urban Soils." In Dealing with Contaminated Sites, 91–136. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6_2.

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Sorvig, Kim, and J. William Thompson. "Heal Injured Soils and Sites." In Sustainable Landscape Construction, 87–131. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-811-4_3.

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Nicu, Ionut Cristi. "Soils." In Hydrogeomorphic Risk Analysis Affecting Chalcolithic Archaeological Sites from Valea Oii (Bahlui) Watershed, Northeastern Romania, 39–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25709-9_8.

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Mayne, Paul W., Dan Brown, James Vinson, James A. Schneider, and Kimberly A. Finke. "Site Characterization of Piedmont Residual Soils at the NGES, Opelika, Alabama." In National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites, 160–85. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404843.ch07.

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Coughtrey, P. J. "Assessment of Radionuclide Transfer from Soils to Plants and from Plants to Soils." In Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites, 75–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0301-2_7.

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Monnet, Jacques. "Characterization of Sites and Soils byIn SituTests." In In Situ Tests in Geotechnical Engineering, 291–343. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119145592.ch11.

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Kincaid, C. T., and G. W. Gee. "Estimating Infiltration at Waste Sites: Methodology Development." In Water Flow and Solute Transport in Soils, 246–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77947-3_16.

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Molchanova, I. M., and E. N. Karavaeva. "Radioecology in the Urals; Investigations of Hydromorphous Soils." In Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites, 103–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0301-2_9.

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Kotowski, Marek. "Soil and Soil Water Chemistry at Some Polish Sites with Acid Podzol Soils." In Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 3, 283–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9664-3_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sites and soils":

Bilici, C., P. Carotenuto, T. Lunne, A. H. Augustesen, L. Krogh, H. Dias, M. C. Sougle, et al. "Offshore Geotechnical Site Characterization of Silty Soils: a Novel Database." In Innovative Geotechnologies for Energy Transition. Society for Underwater Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/xegy3943.

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Current practice in the offshore wind industry is to utilise existing CPTU soil behavior charts to identify soil type (e.g., clean sands to silty sands, sand mixtures, clay etc.). The charts identify drained clean sands and undrained clays; however there are limitations detecting silty soils. Accordingly, indication of soil behaviour is needed to define whether the engineering correlations for drained or undrained soils should be used for partial drained silty soils. This paper presents a high-quality database of CPTU and laboratory index data collected as part of a Joint Industry Project on characterisation of silty soils. The database consists of results from 23 sites (21 offshore and two onshore sites) covering a wide range of silts from silty sands to clayey silts and silt mixtures. The database is used to test existing soil behavior charts. The study provides guidelines for industry practice for geotechnical site characterization of silty soils.

ARAMINIENĖ, Valda, Iveta VARNAGIRYTĖ-KABAŠINSKIENĖ, and Vidas STAKĖNAS. "FOREST SITE INFLUENCE ON BIRCH GROWTH AND HEALTH: LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.050.

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The study aims to determine the growth and health response of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens growing in the forest sites of different soil fertility and humidity in Lithuania. The analysed data was collected under the Forest Monitoring Level I of ICP-Forests program. Lithuanian forest sites classification described by Vaičys et al. (2006) was used for the data analyses. The obtained results show that better condition of B.pendula was recorded for the birch trees growing in more humid sites and for B. pubescens – growing in the dryer sites. Also it was found that the lowest defoliation was typical for dominant and codominant trees and it did not depend on site humidity. The highest data variation of B. pendula stem diameter between forest sites of different humidity were found in the birch stands up to 50 years old. For younger B. pendula trees, higher diameter was recorded in more humid sites compared to the less humid sites. The stem diameter of B.pubescens trees was higher in the sites with normal moisture and temporary overmoistured soils compared to those growing in the permanently overmoistured and peatland soils.

Shafer, David S., David DuBois, Vic Etyemezian, Ilias Kavouras, Julianne J. Miller, George Nikolich, and Mark Stone. "Fire as a Long-Term Stewardship Issue for Soils Contaminated With Radionuclides in the Western U.S." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7181.

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On both U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Department of Defense sites in the southwestern United States (U.S.), significant areas of surface soils are contaminated with radionuclides from atmospheric nuclear testing, and with depleted uranium, primarily from military training. At DOE sites in Nevada, the proposed regulatory closure strategy for most sites is to leave contaminants in place with administrative controls and periodic monitoring. Closure-in-place is considered an acceptable strategy because the contaminated sites exist on access-restricted facilities, decreasing the potential risk to public receptor, the high cost and feasibility of excavating contaminated soils over large areas, and the environmental impacts of excavating desert soils that recover very slowly from disturbance. The largest of the contaminated sites on the Tonopah Test Range in Nevada covers over 1,200 hectares. However, a factor that has not been fully investigated in the long-term stewardship of these sites is the potential effects of fires. Because of the long half-lives of some of the contaminants (e.g., 24,100 years for 239Pu) and changes in land-cover and climatic factors that are increasing the frequency of fires throughout the western U.S., it should be assumed that all of these sites will eventually burn, possibly multiple times, during the timeframe when they still pose a risk. Two primary factors are contributing to increased fire frequency. The first is the spread of invasive grasses, particularly cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum and Bromus rubens), which have out-competed native annuals and invaded interspaces between shrubs, allowing fires to burn easier. The second is a sharp increase in fire frequency and size throughout the western U.S. beginning in the mid-1980s. This second factor appears to correlate with an increase in average spring and summer temperatures, which may be contributing to earlier loss of soil moisture and longer periods of dry plant biomass (particularly from annual plants). The potential risk to site workers from convective heat dispersion of radionuclide contaminants is an immediate concern during a fire. Long-term, post-fire concerns include potential changes in windblown suspension properties of contaminated soil particles after fires because of loss of vegetation cover and changes in soil properties, and soil erosion from surface water runoff and fluvial processes.

Kharina, G. V. "The problem of technogenic soil pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg with heavy metals." In III ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION “ACHIEVEMENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, CULTURAL INITIATIVES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-DNIT-III-2024”. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/dnit-iii.2024.11.1004.

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: the work is devoted to the problem of soil pollution in Yekaterinburg with heavy metals. The mechanisms of fixation of heavy metals in soils are given; the negative effects of accumulation of heavy metals in soils are noted. The purpose of the work was to assess the degree of technogenic accumulation of heavy metals in the soils of the city of Yekaterinburg. The experimental part lists the sites of soil sampling in Yekaterinburg; describes the method of preparing samples for analysis; it is noted that the gross content of heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel) was determined by inversion voltammetry. It was found that soils with sampling sites located near industrial enterprises are more polluted. The values of the geoaccumulation index of these heavy metals in soils are calculated. A strong level of soil contamination with lead and cadmium and an average level of contamination with nickel and zinc were revealed. A number of technogeneities of heavy metals in the soils of Yekaterinburg have been established. The maximum technogenicity is set for cadmium and lead.

Larson, Steven, John Ballard, Christopher Griggs, J. Kent Newman, and Catherine Nestler. "An Innovative Non-Petroleum Rhizobium Tropici Biopolymer Salt for Soil Stabilization." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38933.

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Construction site soils are a significant source of sediment, and pollutants carried by sediment, to surface water runoff. Currently, silt fences/barriers, petroleum-derived polymers, and re-vegetation are the primary tools to prevent sediment loss from construction areas. Even with these methods in place, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 20 to 150 tons of soil per acre is lost to storm water runoff from construction sites each year. A low-cost, environmentally friendly soil amendment that reduces erosion from construction sites would improve surface water quality. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is produced naturally by the symbiotic soil bacterium Rhizobium tropici. A dry, easily transportable salt of this biopolymer, when mixed with soil at low levels (0.01 to 0.5% by mass) substantially increases the soil strength for load bearing, decreases surface erosion and suspended solids in surface water runoff. Re-vegetation is also assisted by biopolymer application, since drought resistance and seed germination rates can be increased by 30% to 40% using the biopolymer. Results of mesoscale rainfall lysimeter system demonstrations of soil amendment with biopolymer documents reduced soil erosion, reduced transport of suspended solids in surface water runoff, and increased establishment success of vegetative cover under simulated drought conditions in biopolymer amended soils.

Durham, L. A., R. L. Johnson, and D. S. Miller. "Real-Time Support for Precision Excavation of Radionuclide Contaminated Soils." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4664.

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Traditional approaches to excavation design for sites with radionuclide-contaminated soils generally involve work plans with fixed excavation footprints and post-excavation verification sampling. Recent advancements in real-time data collection systems, combined with data loggers, location control systems, and secure project-support Web sites, allow for an alternative, more precise approach to excavation design and implementation. In this mode, traditional work plans are replaced with dynamic work plans. Excavation efforts are organized by lift, with real-time dig face screening performed and the data for each lift analyzed, before excavation continues. Rather than specifying excavation footprints, dynamic work plans identify the decision logic that will be used to determine footprints based on real-time data collection. The level of investment in excavation support data collection can be balanced against potential cost savings realized through waste stream minimization. Secure project support Web sites ensure that data sets generated during the remediation process are readily accessible to all who need to see them, whether they are on site or not. These include regulators, program managers, and technical support staff. This type of Web site allows for quick problem resolution, increased transparency in field decision making, and more efficient allocation of expensive technical staff time.

Mónok, Dávid, Levente Kardos, Sándor Attila Pabar1, and Zsolt Kotroczó. "Applying Bioassays for Investigation of Soils from Suburban Green Sites." In The 5th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iceptp20.108.

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Puzanova, Tatiana. "THE METHODS OF RESEARCH OF BURIED SOILS UNDER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/3.2/s13.079.

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Al-Rubaye, Ahmed, Anton Chirica, and Ioan Bo?i. "THE INFLUENCE OF NANOMATERIALS ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF COHESIVE SOILS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s02.019.

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This paper experimentally investigated the effect of using nanomaterials to improve soft soils. Laboratory experimental tests were carried out on loessial soils collected from two different sites in Romania. Two different types of nanomaterials were used in this research, which is namely Nano-MgO with different percentages (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2%), and Nano-Al2O3 with percentages (0.5%,1%, and 2%), were added to the soil samples, to study their effect on the strength, consistency limits and compressibility of the soil. Treated soil samples were compacted using the modified Proctor test procedure and tested. The results of the investigations showed that the addition of nanomaterials to the soil may help to enhance the geotechnical properties. the compressibility and the strength of the treated soils increase with the increase in the amount of nanomaterials, Also, the addition of nanomaterials to the cohesive soils showed a small effect on the microstructure of the soil samples. As expected, the improvement is dependent on the type and amount of the nanomaterials. The results have been compared with 2% soil mixtures with cement.

Thurairajah, Aran, Bassam Saad, Randy Williams, Viji Fernando, and Mahmood Seid-Karbasi. "Integrity Management Considerations for Pipes in Peat Muskeg and Organic Rich Soils." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86987.

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Abstract Gas and oil transmission pipes unavoidably traverse areas with potentially compressible soils such as Peat or Muskeg. These soils are prone to excessive displacements as a result of natural hazards or man-made activities such as excavation, fill placement or equipment crossings. Excessive soil disturbance in areas with potentially unstable soil could result in compromising the integrity of the pipes. This paper discusses the challenges related to design, construction, and operation of pipes in potentially compressible soils such as peat and organic soils in British Columbia. It provides mitigation measures to manage the pipe concerns related to these soils. Among the design challenges discussed are geotechnical characterization of potentially unstable soil sites and special pipe trench design and foundation alternatives to minimize pipe settlement and localized stresses. To demonstrate the impact of adjacent soil fill or embankment loading on pipe integrity, soil deformation finite element analyses are carried out for various scenarios representing different unstable soil profiles, surface loading configurations, and offsets from the pipe alignment. The paper also provides integrity management measures for managing potential concerns for pipe operating in organic soil and peat environment.

Reports on the topic "Sites and soils":

Shivakumar, Pranavkumar, Kanika Gupta, Antonio Bobet, Boonam Shin, and Peter J. Becker. Estimating Strength from Stiffness for Chemically Treated Soils. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317383.

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The central theme of this study is to identify strength-stiffness correlations for chemically treated subgrade soils in Indiana. This was done by conducting Unconfined Compression (UC) Tests and Resilient Modulus Tests for soils collected at three different sites—US-31, SR-37, and I-65. At each site, soil samples were obtained from 11 locations at 30 ft spacing. The soils were treated in the laboratory with cement, using the same proportions used for construction, and cured for 7 and 28 days before testing. Results from the UC tests were compared with the resilient modulus results that were available. No direct correlation was found between resilient modulus and UCS parameters for the soils investigated in this study. A brief statistical analysis of the results was conducted, and a simple linear regression model involving the soil characteristics (plasticity index, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density) along with UCS and resilient modulus parameters was proposed.

King. L52120 Long-Term Environmental Monitoring of Near-Neutral and High-pH SCC Sites. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011228.

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The aims of this project were (i) to monitor the seasonal variation of environmental conditions at stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sites and (ii) to develop an improved site-selection model for SCC. Environmental and other relevant data have been collected for a total of nine known, or suspected, SCC sites; seven near-neutral pH SCC and two high-pH SCC.� The presence of SCC was determined, or predicted, based on in-service or hydrotest failures, excavation, industry soils model, or ILI.� Pipe-depth environmental conditions were monitored continuously for periods of up to 2 years using the permanent NOVAProbe, which is capable of measuring the local redox potential, soil resistivity, pH and temperature close to the pipe surface.� Corrosion coupons were also installed at some sites to monitor the CP conditions and native potential.� In addition, various other information was collected for each site, including pipe information; soil, groundwater, coating, and corrosion product samples; topography and land use; precipitation data; soil gas samples; SCADA pressure data; corrosion and SCC ILI information; CIS data; gas temperature (for high-pH SCC sites); and information about the nature of the SCC.� All sites studied were on gas transmission pipelines in Canada.

Hidy, A., E. McDonald, and B. Sion. Soil Stratigraphic Characterization of Soils at Selected Sites at Fort Hunter Liggett and Panamint Valley, California. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868169.

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Leis, B. N., E. B. Clark, M. Lamontagne, and J. A. Colwell. DTRS56-03-T-0003A External Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology by Incorporating Soils Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011846.

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To enhance the ECDA process, this project evaluated whether soil data could be used in a model to predict locations where external corrosion would be an issue. If by adding soils data to the previously collected ECDA datasets it could be shown that areas suffering corrosion could be predicted consistently, then operators would have an additional tool at their disposal to help maintain the country's natural gas pipeline infrastructure safely and reliably. The approach targeted soils-corrosively, because if corrosively dominated a very simple model would be viable as a screening tool - with such a model then viable when other data is not available, unreliable, or difficult to obtain. Soil corrosively was characterized in terms of a model that couples soils type with topography and drainage, with consideration also given to a simpler approach based on pH and resistivity. The results indicated that there is essentially no correlation between corrosion susceptibility based on soils-corrosively expressed in terms of these two models. While an attempt was made to calibrate these measures of susceptibility using ILI data for corrosion incidence and severity, the frequency of corrosion for the sites evaluated was limited, which confounded this process.

Corriveau, Elizabeth, and Jay Clausen. Application of Incremental Sampling Methodology for subsurface sampling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40480.

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Historically, researchers studying contaminated sites have used grab sampling to collect soil samples. However, this methodology can introduce error in the analysis because it does not account for the wide variations of contaminant concentrations in soil. An alternative method is the Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM), which previous studies have shown more accurately captures the true concentration of contaminants over an area, even in heterogeneous soils. This report describes the methods and materials used with ISM to collect soil samples, specifically for the purpose of mapping subsurface contamination from site activities. The field data presented indicates that ISM is a promising methodology for collecting subsurface soil samples containing contaminants of concern, including metals and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), for analysis. Ultimately, this study found ISM to be useful for supplying information to assist in the decisions needed for remediation activities.

Mroz, R. Federal contaminated sites action plan (FCSAP) - ecological risk assessment and background soils data. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/287953.

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Swan, Megan, and Christopher Calvo. Site characterization and change over time in semi-arid grassland and shrublands at three parks?Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Petrified Forest National Park, and Wupatki National Monument: Upland vegetation and soils monitoring 2007?2021. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301582.

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This report presents results of upland vegetation and soil monitoring of semi-arid grasslands at three Parks by the Southern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring Network (SCPN) from 2007?2021. The purpose is to compare and contrast five grassland ecological sites and examine how they have changed during the first 15 years of monitoring. Crews collected data on composition and abundance of vegetation, both at the species level and by lifeform (e.g., perennial grass, shrub, forb) and soil aggregate stability and soil texture at 150 plots within five target grassland/shrubland communities delineated using NRCS ecological site (ecosite) classification (30 plots per ecosite). Soils in plots at Petrified Forest NP and Chaco Culture NHP were deeper than those at Wupatki NM. Undifferentiated soil crust comprised the largest component of the soil surface, except at Wupatki where surface gravel dominated. Cover of biological soil crust (cyanobacteria, lichen, and moss) was low. Soil aggregate stability was moderate. From 2007?2021, SCPN crews identified 283 unique plant species. Overall live foliar cover ranged from 12-24%. Four of five ecological sites were dominated by C4 grass species (>70% of total live foliar cover). Shrubs co-dominated at one site (WUPA L) and forbs were an overall small component of total vegetation cover but contributed most of the diversity in these sites. Less than 4% of species detected were nonnative. Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) was the most frequently sampled nonnative, occurring in > 50% of plots at Wupatki in the volcanic upland ecological site. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) was the second most common invasive species but occurred in < 10% of the plots at all ecological sites. Vegetation cover was modeled using Bayesian hierarchical models and included seasonal climatic water deficits, year effects and topographic variables as covariates. Models revealed significant negative time trends (i.e., changes over time that were not explained by changes in seasonal deficit covariates included) in some modeled responses, particularly in the cover of perennial grass at all five ecological sites. Time trends in shrub and forb responses were mixed. Species richness showed variable effects by ecosite, decreasing at CHCU S, and increasing at PEFO S and WUPA V. Modeled responses were influenced by climate covariates, but direction of these effects varied. The most consistent effects were that greater July water stress and higher accumulated growing degree days (i.e., warmer spring temperatures) increased cover of perennial grasses and shrubs during the same year. However, greater water stress in the spring had a negative effect on many responses as expected. Decreasing cover of perennial grass and increasing cover of shrubs and weedy forbs has been predicted for southwestern grasslands in response to increasing aridification due to anthropogenic climate change. Perennial grass trends reported here correspond with these predictions with mixed results on shrub and forb community trends. Continued drought conditions will likely exacerbate negative changes in these systems.

Pelletier, Austin, Amanda Hohner, Idil Deniz Akin, Indranil Chowdhury, Richard Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, and James Mueller. Bench-scale Electrochemical Treatment of Co-contaminated Clayey Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-018.

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Industrial soil contamination is frequently unearthed by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way. As a result, transportation agencies may experience construction delays. Soils co-contaminated with high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and metals are commonly encountered in Illinois and exhibit recalcitrance towards conventional treatment technologies. This issue is exacerbated in the fine-grained soils common to Illinois, where low-permeability and immense sorption capacity increase treatment complexity, cost, and duration. Contaminated sites are spatially and temporally restrictive and require rapid in situ treatments, whereas conventional soil remediation requires 1 to 3 years on average. Consequently, transportation agencies typically pursue excavation and off-site disposal for expediency. However, this solution is expensive, so a comparatively expeditious and affordable treatment alternative is needed to combat the increasing cost of hazardous waste disposal. The objective of this work was to develop an accelerated in situ treatment approach adaptable for use at any construction site to cost-effectively remove HMW-PAHs and metals from clayey soil. It was hypothesized that an in situ electrochemical treatment which augments electrokinetics with H2O2 could remediate both HMW-PAHs and metals in less than a month. Bench-scale reactors resemblant of field-scale in situ electrokinetic systems were designed and fabricated to assess the electrochemical treatment of clayey soils contaminated with HMW-PAHs and metals. Pyrene, chromium, and manganese were used as model contaminants, spiked into kaolinite as a model clay. Electrokinetics were imposed by a low-intensity electrical field distributed by graphite rods. Electrolytic H2O2 systems were leveraged to distribute electrical current and facilitate contaminant removal. Average contaminant removals of 100%, 42.3%, and 4.5% were achieved for pyrene, manganese, and chromium, respectively. Successful development of this bench-scale treatment approach will serve to guide transportation agencies in field-scale implementation. The results from this work signify that electrochemical systems that leverage eco-friendly oxidant addition can replace excavation and disposal as a means of addressing clayey soils co-contaminated with HMW-PAHs and metals.

Delegard, Calvin, Hilary Emerson, Kirk Cantrell, and Carolyn Pearce. Generation and Characteristics of Plutonium and Americium Contaminated Soils Underlying Waste Sites at Hanford. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1682309.

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Spence, John, Ken Hyde, and Vanessa Glynn-Linaris. 1995–2017 analysis of vegetation change using NDVI data at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299497.

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This Focused Condition Assessment examines the impacts of the recent 2000–2020 long-term drought on the vegetation and soils of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA). With support from the NASA DEVELOP Program, summer (June–August) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from 1995 to 2017 (excluding 2012 which was not available), measuring greenness and phenology in the vegetation, were analyzed for two periods. The first period from 1995–1999 included the pre-drought period, when precipitation was average to above average. Most years of the second period, 2000–2020, were drier than average as part of the severe drought that began in late 1999 and has continued to present (Lukas and Payton 2020). The NDVI values included mean values and were analyzed for 42 soil units, 20 associated NRCS Ecological Sites (ecosites), and the 10 most widespread vegetation alliances derived from the GLCA vegetation classification. Unvegetated rock outcrops, other exposed bedrock areas, and cliffs, which are extensive in GLCA, were not included. With the exception of some riparian areas, mean NDVI values for all upland soils, ecosites and alliances declined from pre-drought conditions. The areas showing the largest declines were clay soils, shallow sandy loam and other shallow soils and associated ecosites and alliances. Talus vegetation and mid- to upper elevation pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands showed the smallest declines. Deeper sandy and sandy loam sites showed intermediate declines. Particularly large declines occurred in shallow soil arid sites dominated by shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia) and other saltbush species. Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima), one of the dominant species in the park, showed moderate declines, primarily on shallower soils. No evidence for widespread death in either blackbrush or pinyon-juniper woodlands were noted, although recent severe drought and a weakened Arizona Monsoon since 2018 may be causing impacts to the woodland species. Relationships with livestock grazing are also examined, based on data collected on long-term monitoring plots established between 2008 and 2020. There is evidence that areas with intensive livestock grazing have shown larger declines than ungrazed areas, but these impacts need to be explored more fully at the local allotment and pasture level, and correlated with actual grazing animal unit months (AUM)’s. Several management recommendations are made, including additional plot-based long-term monitoring, exploration of cultural resource inventories and erodible soils, how these observed changes can affect livestock grazing management decisions in the park, and further exploration using NDVI data from 2018 and forward.