Journal articles on the topic 'Site selection – Case studies'
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Heitzman, Eric, and Adrian Grell. "Planting Oaks in Group Selection Openings on Upland Sites: Two Case Studies from Arkansas." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 30, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/30.3.117.
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Abstract Two upland sites in Arkansas were studied to test the performance of 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.) seedlings planted in group selection openings. Both red and white oak seedlings were planted at one location in the Ozark Mountains,and only red oak seedlings were planted at a second site along Crowleys Ridge. Holes were dug with power augers and seedlings were planted by hand. At the time of planting, the mean height of red oak and white oak seedlings at the Ozark site were 3.4 and 1.9 ft, respectively. Red oak seedlingsat Crowleys Ridge averaged 3.0 ft tall when planted. After 4 years at the Ozark site, 77% of red oak and 86% of white oak were alive. After 3 years at Crowleys Ridge, red oak survival was 80%. Seedlings at both sites grew slowly. Mean 4-year height increment at the Ozarksite was 2.1 ft for red oak and 2.5 ft for white oak, and mean 3-year height increment for red oak at Crowleys Ridge was 1.6 ft. Three years after planting in the Ozark Mountains and 2 years after planting at Crowleys Ridge, naturally regenerating competition had suppressed over one-thirdof the red oak and about one-half of the white oak. This necessitated a release treatment around planted seedlings at both sites. Oaks that decreased in total height over a given growing season were common. Most seedlings that decreased in height had been pulled over or crushed by other vegetationor exhibited top dieback. South. J. Appl.For. 30(3):142–146.
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Das, Manoja Kumar. "Experience of establishing and coordinating a nationwide network for bidirectional intussusception surveillance in India: lessons for multisite research studies." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e046827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046827.
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ObjectivesTo document and share the process of establishing the nationally representative multisite surveillance network for intussusception in India, coordination, data management and lessons learnt from the implementation.DesignThis study combined both retrospective and prospective surveillance approaches.Setting19 tertiary care institutions were selected in India considering the geographic representation and public and private mixParticipantsAll children under-2 years of age with intussusceptionPrimary and secondary outcome measuresThe experience of site selection, regulatory approvals, data collection, quality assurance and network coordination were documented.ResultsThe site selection process involved systematic and objective four steps including shortlisting of potential institutions, information seeking and telephonic interaction, site visits and site selection using objective criteria. Out of over 400 hospitals screened across India, 40 potential institutions were shortlisted and information was sought by questionnaire and interaction with investigators. Out of these, 25 institutes were visited and 19 sites were finally selected to participate in the study. The multistep selection process allowed filtering and identification of sites with adequate capacity and motivated investigators. The retrospective surveillance documented 1588 cases (range: 14–652 cases/site) and prospective surveillance recruited 621 cases (range: 5–191 cases/site). The multilayer quality assurance measures monitored and ensured protocol adherence, complete record retrieval and data completeness. The key challenges experienced included time taken for obtaining regulatory and ethical approvals, which delayed completion of the study. Ten sites continued with another multisite vaccine safety surveillance study.ConclusionThe experience and results of this systematic and objective site selection method in India are promising. The systematic multistep site selection and data quality assurance methods presented here are feasible and practical. The lessons from the establishment and coordination of this surveillance network can be useful in planning, selecting the sites and conducting multisite and surveillance studies in India and developing countries.
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Stadtmann, Sven, and Philip J. Seddon. "Release site selection: reintroductions and the habitat concept." Oryx 54, no. 5 (November 23, 2018): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001199.
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AbstractIdentifying release sites with good habitat quality is one of the most important steps in any reintroduction project. However, despite their wide application in legislation and research, the habitat concept and habitat-related terms remain poorly defined and subject to confusion. Reviewing a variety of definitions, we advocate for understanding habitat as an area with a species-specific set of resources and environmental conditions that enable a population to persist and reproduce. Using this understanding we investigated release site selection as well as the usage of the term habitat and other habitat-related terms in 324 reintroduction case studies and reintroduction policy documents published during January 1990–May 2016. Although the use of the habitat concept in these publications remained mostly unclear because of the lack of definitions provided, we found an overall improvement in the quality of reintroduction site assessment, and a shift towards more systematic approaches, such as habitat modelling and experimental translocation. To further improve reporting on release site selection, we recommend updating IUCN reintroduction publications and encouraging practitioners to consider the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of habitat, as well as the multiple scales at which a species selects its habitat, in the design of a release site assessment.
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McShane, Marilyn D., Frank P. Williams, and Carl P. Wagoner. "Prison Impact Studies: Some Comments on Methodological Rigor." Crime & Delinquency 38, no. 1 (January 1992): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128792038001007.
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Many pronouncements have been made in the process of site selection for new prisons. A review of the research literature on the effect of prisons on communities reveals that most of this information is unsupported by good research design. This essay presents a critique of the methodological and research design problems of prison impact studies. Various threats to validity are explored and two complementary methodologies, a single-site time series and multisite time series, are proposed for prison impact studies. Strict attention to internal-validity concerns will provide better answers to causal mechanisms and outcomes than is currently the case.
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Ünlü Öztürk, Ceren, and Ersin Türk. "Location Site Selection Preferences of Construction Firms that Offer Second Homes to Foreign Investors: The Case of Trabzon." Iconarp International J. of Architecture and Planning 9, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 874–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15320/iconarp.2021.184.
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Zhang, Bo Ren, Xiang Dong Zhu, and Chong En Wang. "Analysis on Site Selection and Spatial Layout of Buddhist Temple in Mountainous Region in Southeast of Shanxi Province - The Case of Dinglin Temple in Gaoping, Shanxi." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.71.
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Site selection and spatial layout of Dinglin Temple were studied through site surveys as well as field visits, then the science and culture connotation in site selection and spatial layout was analyzed so as to further reveal the characteristics of site selection and spatial layout of Buddhist architectures in mountainous region in southeast of Shanxi province.
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Zheng, Zilai, Takehiro Morimoto, and Yuji Murayama. "A GIS-Based Bivariate Logistic Regression Model for the Site-Suitability Analysis of Parcel-Pickup Lockers: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100648.
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The site-suitability analysis (SSA) of parcel-pickup lockers (PPLs) is becoming a critical problem in last-mile logistics. Most studies have focused on the site-selection problem to identify the best site from given potential sites in specific areas, while few have solved the site-search problem to determine the boundary of the suitable area. A GIS-based bivariate logistic regression (LR) model using the supervised machine-learning (ML) algorithm was developed for suitability classification in this study. Eight crucial factors were selected from 27 candidate variables using stepwise methods with a training dataset in the best LR model. The variable of the proximity to residential buildings was more important than that to various commercial buildings, transport services, and roads. Among the four types of residential buildings, the most crucial factor was the proximity to residential quarters. A test dataset was employed for the validation process, showing that the best LR model had excellent performance. The results identified the suitable areas for PPLs, accounting for 8% of the total area of Guangzhou (GZ). A decision-maker can focus on these suitable areas as the site-selection ranges for PPLs, which significantly reduces the difficulty of analysis and time costs. This method can quickly decompose a large-scale area into several small-scale suitable areas, with relevance to the problem of selecting sites from various candidate sites.
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Arleiny, Arleiny, Yoyok Soesatyo, and Erny Roesminingsih. "Management and Recommendations of Nautical Simulators and Laboratory: Multiple-Site Case Study." IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v3i1.192.
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This study aims to manage laboratory management and nautical simulators at Marine Science Polytechnic of Semarang and Polytechnic of Surabaya. Methods This research uses a multi-status study (multiple-site case study) in two institutions. This study uses interview guide instruments, observation sheets, and a list of documentation studies. The results showed that the laboratory management of Marine Science Polytechnic of Semarang and Polytechnic of Surabaya was said to be good. With qualifications in planning, supervising, managing, supervising laboratories and nautical simulators. Laboratory planning and nautical simulators at Marine Science Polytechnic of Semarang go through 4 (four) stages, the procurement preparation stage, the selection preparation stage, the selection implementation stage, and the contract implementation stage and handover of work results. Meanwhile, planning for laboratories and nautical simulators at Polytechnic of Surabaya is divided into 2 (two), procurement of new goods and maintenance. The findings in this study are emphasized on the results of data collection through interviews and documentation sent by resource persons to researchers. And the conclusion of the study shows that the quality management of both marine Science Polytechnic of Semarang and Polytechnic of Surabaya has been running well according to the procedure.
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Faisal, Raid, and Mohammed Ahmed. "GIS and AHP based modeling for landfill site selection (case study: west side of Mosul city)." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.41.
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The accumulation of large quantities of solid waste inside Mosul city becomes a real residential and municipal management problem. There are many reasons including the existence of unplanned dumping sites within the city boundaries, and the absence of scientific researches which applies modern techniques for selecting the optimal solid waste landfill. This study uses geographic information system (GIS) and analytic hierarchical process (AHP) which is used to extract the weights with the help of Super Decision SD software. The studied variables data can be classified according to specified processing method into two types: continuous data, and discrete data. The ranking map has been designed after multiplying each variable with its extracted weight, then the final map has been created based on the values obtained from the ranking map. The results show that the optimal landfill area is located at south west Mosul city. This study aims at building a model by using GIS to determine the optimal and potential solid waste landfill site.
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Gumbo, Anesu D., Evison Kapangaziwiri, and Fhumulani I. Mathivha. "A Systematic Study Site Selection Protocol to Determine Environmental Flows in the Headwater Catchments of the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 6259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106259.
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Developing nations will be worst hit by the impacts of climate change because limited resources hinder the spatial reach of climate studies, effort, and subsequent implementation to help with the improvement of livelihoods. Therefore, finding the best-case study is an essential undertaking in environmental assessments. This study explains one systematic approach to selecting a study site for an environmental assessment project. A desktop review of relevant literature, a simple factor scoring assessment process, reliance on expert opinion, and a field survey for ground-truthing were conducted. The desktop review showed the most critical factors to site selection. The scoring of these factors selected those that were crucial for the study. Experts validated the results and suggested the best study site among the ones identified. While the design is simplified, the proposed approach selects the most appropriate study site for environmental assessments.
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Nasirinezhad, Ali, Dejan Stevanović, Dragan Ignjatović, and Mehdi Rahmanpour. "Primary crusher site selection in open pit mines: Case study in Sungun copper mine." Podzemni radovi, no. 38 (2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/podrad2138015n.
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Facility site selection, (such as Primary or in pit Crusher location) is one of the most important steps in mine design process that has a significant impact on economy of the mining operation. This study covers an attempt to find the optimal location for primary crusher in order to support the expansion of Sungun copper mine, which is the second largest open pit mine in Iran. Recent exploration drilling has led to a considerable increase in the ore reserve. Therefore, Sungun started the studies followed with an expansion plan with the goal to increase the capacity from 14 to 28 Mt/Year within the next 8 years. In this paper, 14 effective parameters for finding the best location for a new crusher in five possible options were considered. The options were evaluated based on weighted linear combination method. The results show that the location in South East part of the open pit is the best option for locating of the new crusher. Finally, based on the economic parameters and copper price forecasts, pit optimization and sensitive analysis are applied. Results show that in the worst case, just 0.17 % of ore reserve is affected by the selected area and the minable reserve can cover 78 years of operation.
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Qiao, Yuanlu, and Jingpeng Wang. "An intuitionistic fuzzy site selection decision framework for waste-to-energy projects from the perspective of "Not In My Backyard" risk." AIMS Mathematics 8, no. 2 (2022): 3676–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2023184.
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<abstract> <p>In the process of site selection for waste-to-energy (WtE) projects, the public is concerned about the impact of project construction on the surrounding environment and physical health and thus resists the construction site, leading to the emergence of "Not In My Backyard" (NIMBY) risk, which hinders the implementation of WtE projects. These risks make the ambiguity and uncertainty of scheme evaluation and decision higher. In this regard, this study constructed a WtE project site selection decision framework based on comprehensive consideration of NIMBY risk. Firstly, indicators were selected from cost perception, benefit expectation, and NIMBY risk to construct a WtE project site selection indicator system. Then, based on the "Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory" (DEMATEL) and the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution (IFVIKOR) method, a site selection decision framework is constructed. The system takes into account the interaction between indicators and obtains a more reasonable index weight. Meanwhile, the intuitionistic fuzzy theory is used to solve the fuzziness and uncertainty in risk assessment and decision-making. Finally, the feasibility of the siting decision system was verified through case studies. The results show that the A3 in this case was considered the best location for the project. In addition, the sensitivity analysis verifies the reliability and stability of the WtE project location decision framework.</p> </abstract>
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Palanisamy, Ramaraj. "Tacit Knowledge Sharing During ERP Acquisition: An Exploratory Multi-Site Case Study." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 11, no. 02 (June 2012): 1250010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649212500104.
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Organisations that implement Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) software packages are making a big commitment in terms of both time and money. Realising the ERP benefits, some organisations have successfully implemented while others have struggled, settled for minimum returns, and abandoned the system. To mitigate the risks, a knowledge sharing framework is suggested to be put in place during ERP acquisition. Based on findings in an explorative case study of three Canadian organisations that have gone through ERP acquisition phases, this study examines tacit knowledge sharing in ERP acquisition planning process, information search process, selection, evaluation, choice, and negotiations. The lessons learned and knowledge sharing activities are given by presenting a cross-comparison of the case studies.
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Neal, PhD, David M. "Four case studies of emergency operations centers: Design characteristics and implications." Journal of Emergency Management 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2005.0006.
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Few studies exist on Emergency Operating Center (EOC) location and design. In response to the lack of literature on the topic, this study describes some basic characteristics of four EOCs located in central Alabama. The results of the study show that convenience and availability determine the EOC site selection. The EOCs in the study have dedicated areas for offices, operations, and meetings. In a perfect world, the respondents in the study recommended that EOCs should have sleeping areas, showers, cooking facilities, and restrooms. The biggest challenge faced by the respondents in the study was noise level in the operations room, which hinders communications and decision making. Most have attempted various strategies with some success to tackle this issue. A combination of allotted space, resources, personal experience, and advice from others strongly influence EOC design and configuration.
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SCHAPAUGH, ADAM W., and ANDREW J. TYRE. "Maximizing a new quantity in sequential reserve selection." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 2 (December 19, 2013): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000544.
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SUMMARYThe fundamental goal of conservation planning is biodiversity persistence, yet most reserve selection methods prioritize sites using occurrence data. Numerous empirical studies support the notion that defining and measuring objectives in terms of species richness (where the value of a site is equal to the number of species it contains, or contributes to an existing reserve network) can be inadequate for maintaining biodiversity in the long-term. An existing site-assessment framework that implicitly maximized the persistence probability of multiple species was integrated with a dynamic optimization model. The problem of sequential reserve selection as a Markov decision process was combined with stochastic dynamic programming to find the optimal solution. The approach represents a compromise between representation-based approaches (maximizing occurrences) and more complex tools, like spatially-explicit population models. The method, the inherent problems and interesting conclusions are illustrated with a land acquisition case study on the central Platte River.
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Nuriyev, Aziz M. "Fuzzy MCDM models for selection of the tourism development site: the case of Azerbaijan." F1000Research 11 (March 14, 2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109709.1.
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Background: One of the vital issues in promoting the sustainable tourism industry in developing countries, including Azerbaijan, is the well-grounded selection of tourism sites. Applying traditional approaches as a solution to this task, does not provide a relevant result in all cases in these countries due to local specifics of the tourism, the incompleteness of statistical data, the high-level uncertainty of the internal and external environment, and the questionable reliability of the available information. Methods: Since the statistical data are limited, and conventional formalization tools used for uncertainty description do not consider the reliability degree of the data, it is suggested to make decisions based on the Z-extension of fuzzy logic. A Delphi panel with the expert group is conducted to obtain the information required for the model development. Fuzzy Z-information-based TOPSIS and PROMETHEE methods are applied for the problem solution. Within these approaches Z-number-based procedures of the decision matrix normalization, defining the distance between solutions and the preference function, and swing weights determination are realized. Direct computations with Z-numbers are implemented. Results: By applying Z-number-based multi-criteria decision-making methods, five potential regions of Azerbaijan have been evaluated for six criteria. The criteria reflect government policy to the development of the regions, economical, geographical, environmental factors, and infrastructure of the locations. Derived solutions are comparable in sense of sites ranking, and similar results were obtained using both methods. Direct calculations allow obtaining results based on the linguistic Z-evaluations of experts without distorting transformations. Conclusion: The managerial decision-making problems in the tourism sector, raised due to the aforementioned barriers, can be successfully resolved by applying Z-number-based multi-criteria approaches. The obtained results allow increasing a range of the decision-making tasks under a high degree of uncertainty to be solved for sustainable development studies and other areas.
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Rédei, Károly, Zsolt Keserű, Imre Csiha, János Rásó, Beatrix Bakti, and Marianna Takács. "Improvement of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) growing under marginal site conditions in Hungary: case studies." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 74 (June 30, 2018): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/74/1677.
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In Hungary, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is considered as an important exotic stand-forming tree species growing mostly under unfavourable ecological conditions for forest management. Due to climate change effects, its importance is increasing in many other countries, too. As a result of a selection programme, new black locust clones were tested in clone trials. Juvenile growth of 12 micropropagated black locust clones in two plots series established at different dates were evaluated in central Hungary under marginal site conditions. At age of 7 the clone R. p. ‘Bácska’ (‘KH 56A2/5’), at age of 10 the clones R.p. ‘Homoki’ (‘MB17D3/4’) and ‘PV201E2/4’ appeared to be especially promising for mass production. Based on the data obtained from the performed trials, it can also be concluded that tissue culture can be considered as a suitable tool for propagating superior individuals and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes used for plantation forestry.
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Ibrahim, Gaylan Rasul Faqe, Azad Rasul, Arieann Ali Hamid, Zana Fattah Ali, and Amanj Ahmad Dewana. "Suitable Site Selection for Rainwater Harvesting and Storage Case Study Using Dohuk Governorate." Water 11, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040864.
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The Middle East is an inherently dry zone. It has experienced severe drought for the last seven years, and climate change has made the situation worse. The Dohuk governorate has been suffering from an appalling water crisis. One possible way of relieving this water crisis is by properly harvesting the rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is a widely used method of storing rainwater in the countries presenting with drought characteristics. Several pieces of research have derived and developed different criteria and techniques to select suitable sites for harvesting rainwater. The main aim of this research was to identify and select suitable sites for the potential erection of dams, as well as to derive a model builder in ArcMap 10.4.1. The model combined several parameters, such as slope, runoff potential, land cover/use, stream order, soil quality, and hydrology to determine the suitability of the site for harvesting rainwater. To compute the land use/cover categories, the study depended on Landsat image data from 2018. Supervised classification was applied using the ENVI 5 software, while the slope mapping and drainage order were extracted using a digital elevation model. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used for the spatial interpolation of the rain data. The results demonstrated that suitable areas for water harvesting, are located in the middle and northern part of the research area, and in intensively cultivated zones. The main soil texture in these suitable sites was loam, while the rainfall rate amounted to 750 to 900 mm. This research shows that 15% and 13% of the area studied can be categorized as having excellent and good suitability for water harvesting, respectively. Furthermore, 21% and 27% of the area studied were of moderate and poor suitability, while the remaining 24% were not suitable at all.
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Tunde Oladokun, Timothy. "Corporate site selection and acquisition in a Nigerian GSM communication company." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 13, no. 4 (November 22, 2011): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14630011111214446.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to document the corporate site selection and acquisition process in a Nigerian global system for mobile (GSM) communication company, using a case study approach.Design/methodology/approachThe study integrates a literature review and a case study. The researcher made use of semi‐structured interviews to obtain information about the process of site selection and acquisition from the personnel of the property management department (property managers/SAQ managers) of the studied organisation. Beside the interviews, there was a series of follow‐ups for further clarification through telephone conversation and e‐mail. On average, the interview took about 45 minutes with each respondent, aside from prior occasional discussions undertaken to obtain some data.FindingsData obtained indicated that the process of site acquisition follows the global trend of outsourcing of non‐core services by organizations to consultants who have the technical ability to handle such assignments. The case study also revealed an arrangement of successful collaboration between multinational companies and local/indigenous firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach is subject to data distortion as there is no yardstick for comparison in the industry.Practical implicationsThe study has major implications for real estate practice in Nigeria. Real estate practitioners need to acquire the technical ability to meet real estate/site acquisition service requirements of multinational companies. The profession also needs qualified and competent members who can compete favourably with their foreign counterparts, who have hitherto been providing site acquisition services for the foreign companies in their overseas branches.Social implicationsThe method of outsourcing breeds competitiveness for site acquisition service provision and enhances efficient service delivery. It helps indigenous contractors to favourably compete for jobs of international standard.Originality/valueThe study explores the case study approach to provide a guide for foreign investors towards meeting their real estate needs.
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Ionica, Andreea, Ionela Samuil, Monica Leba, and Mihaela Toderas. "The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 9922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239922.
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The paper explores the industrial tourism development potential of a former mining area in Petrila, Jiu Valley, Romania, drastically affected by deindustrialization, in order to build a theme park in the old mine site. The research context is determined by the current economic and social state of the area, and also by the potential of the identified industrial heritage elements. For this reason, there was developed an optimal selection algorithm, based on multi-criteria analysis and Greedy approach. This optimal selection algorithm blends the objectivity of the technical-economic studies and the subjectivity of the residents’ perceptions of community satisfaction. After carrying out the Petrila case study, the results of the proposed algorithm application concerning the destination, from the point of view of their use, of each existing building in the Petrila site was determined. Compared with other studies, ours considers different criteria and can always be reapplied to validate or refine the selection based on new emerging inputs.
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Sjöman, Henrik, Allan Gunnarsson, Stephan Pauleit, and Roland Bothmer. "Selection Approach of Urban Trees for Inner-city Environments: Learning from Nature." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.028.
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High diversity of species and genera and site adaptation are two important factors in achieving a healthy and sustainable urban tree population. This paper presents and discusses a selection procedure for the identification of trees adapted to inner city environments. The procedure is based on dendroecological studies of trees in natural habitats, with similarities in climate and site conditions as inner city environments. By studying trees in such habitats, firsthand information can be gained on the growth and performance of a wide range of species and genotypes. Two field studies were conducted, one in central China and another in northeast Romania and the adjoining Republic of Moldavia with the aim to identify tree species and genotypes adapted to inner city environments in the northern parts of central Europe and the adjoining milder parts of northern Europe. In total, 27 tree species were identified as specialists for warm and periodically dry habitats. Of these tree species, only four are currently used frequently or used to some extent in northern Europe, meaning that 23 other tree species identified in the case studies can be potential supplements for diversification of the urban tree population.
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Al-Chaar, Ghassan K., Patrick J. Guertin, Michael K. Valentino, Carey L. Baxter, and George W. Calfas. "Construction Material-Based Methodology for Contingency Base Selection." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801711010237.
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Background:Military and nonmilitary organizations need the capability to support their expeditionary forces by selecting a temporary base of operations that projects a minimal footprint and reduces logistical burdens. For example, strategically sited temporary bases anticipate impacts on the local context and its population of siting and operating temporary bases.Objective:This paper describes a methodology to assess the practicality of incorporating local construction materials when planning for contingency operations in a given region. While the assessment methodology was originally developed for military planners, the principles and methods are applicable to any organization that is considering building and operating temporary locations in foreign nations.Method:The methodology assesses factors such as population densities, main building types, geographical regions, port locations, railroad locations, road networks, airport locations, flood-risk areas, and construction materials. The methodology optimizes all factors to yield the best material-based solution for site selection. To demonstrate the developed methodology, two hypothetical case studies are described–Dhaka in Bangladesh for its high-population density and Maiduguri in Nigeria for its low-population density and potential for disruption.Results:This methodology provides a contingency site selection process that does not currently exist and will assist in the reduction of materiel demand, minimize footprint, and reduce the risk to personnel. The methodology captures factors such as population densities, main building types, geographical regions, port locations, railroad locations, road networks, airport locations, flood-risk areas, and construction materials and optimizes all factors to yield the best material-based solution for site selection.Conclusion:This methodology provides a contingency site selection process that does not currently exist for mission planners. It is designed to produce a methodology with a goal of developing a GIS-based decision support tool to assist in siting bases of operations.
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García-Soriano, L., V. Cristini, and M. Diodato. "CUENCA (SPAIN), WORLD HERITAGE CITY. ANALYSIS OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-529-2020.
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Abstract. This text presents a study on the city of Cuenca, carried out as part of the Project 3DPast-Living & virtual visiting European World Heritage. Nine case studies were selected within the project, when Cuenca was selected as the Spanish case study. The case studies selected had to be cases of inhabited vernacular architecture in places still preserving the traditional constructive techniques. In addition the selection was expected to cover all of Europe in some way. This is therefore a case study for a city declared World Heritage site, aiming to analyse the characteristics of vernacular architecture which have earned it the title of World Heritage Site (through different analyses and 3D methodologies), such as the management strategies currently used there, learning from those proving successful, and even showing these as an example of management for other World Heritage cities which may be encountering similar problems.
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Adasme-Carreño, Francisco, Camila Muñoz-Gutierrez, Julio Caballero, and Jans H. Alzate-Morales. "Performance of the MM/GBSA scoring using a binding site hydrogen bond network-based frame selection: the protein kinase case." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 27 (2014): 14047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01378f.
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Song, Bo, Nadja B. Shoemaker, Jeffrey F. Gardner, and Abigail A. Salyers. "Integration Site Selection by the Bacteroides Conjugative Transposon CTnBST." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 18 (July 6, 2007): 6594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00668-07.
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ABSTRACT A newly discovered Bacteroides conjugative transposon (CTn), CTnBST, integrates more site specifically than two other well-studied CTns, the Bacteroides CTn CTnDOT and the enterococcal CTn Tn916. Moreover, the integrase of CTnBST, IntBST, had the C-terminal 6-amino-acid signature that is associated with the catalytic regions of members of the tyrosine recombinase family, most of which integrate site specifically. Also, in most of these integrases, all of the conserved amino acids are required for integration. In the case of IntBST, however, we found that changing three of the six conserved amino acids in the signature, one of which was the presumed catalytic tyrosine, resulted in a 1,000-fold decrease in integration frequency. Changes in the other amino acids had little or no effect. Thus, although the CTnBST integrase still seems to be a member of the tyrosine recombinase family, it clearly differs to some extent from other members of the family in its catalytic site. We also determined the sequence requirements for CTnBST integration in the 18-bp region where the crossover occurs preferentially during integration. We found that CTnBST integrates in this preferred site about one-half of the time but can also use other sites. A consensus sequence was tentatively derived by comparison of a few secondary sites: AATCTGNNAAAT. We report here that within the consensus region, no single base change affected the frequency of integration. However, 3 bp at one end of the consensus sequence (CTG) proved to be essential for integration into the preferred site. This sequence appeared to be at one end of a 7-bp crossover region, CTGNNAA. The other bases could vary without affecting either integration frequency or specificity. Thus, in contrast to well-studied site-specific recombinases which require homology throughout the crossover region, integration of CTnBST requires homology at one end of the crossover region but not at the other end.
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McDonagh, John. "Land Development in New Zealand – Case Studies on the Importance of Site Selection, due DIligence, Finance and the Regulatory Environment." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2010.11104296.
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Fesalbon, R. M. A., and A. C. Blanco. "HYDROPOWER DAM SITE SELECTION AND VISUALIZATION USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES: A CASE OF MARINDUQUE, PHILIPPINES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W19 (December 23, 2019): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-207-2019.
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Abstract. The energy supply of the Philippines is dwindling considering rapid population growth, thus the need to maximize the advantages of harnessing renewable energy (RE) and optimizing its utilization in the grid. One of the RE sources that is considered practical due to its availability is running water, thus the development of hydropower. The use of remote sensing (RS) datasets and geographic information system (GIS) techniques are useful for pre-feasibility studies of hydropower development. This study utilizes Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) – derived DEM, GIS-based hydrology and terrain characterization tools to identify natural reservoirs, and spatial analysis identify site for possible dam development. The methodology consists of two processes: valley determination, a component of landform classification, and flow accumulation. Different valley determination algorithms are included in the comparison analysis such as Multi-Resolution Valley Bottom Flatness (MRVBF), Topographic Position Index (TPI), Valley and Ridge Detection (VRD) and Geomorphons, with the latter best describing the valleys within the Marinduque island. The identified valleys are intersected with sites having the most suitable elevation, slope and flow accumulation. The results of the study are different indicative sites for hydropower development, the volumetric capacity for which are generated given design specifications (e.g. different dam heights). Furthermore, upon computing the volume of water that the reservoir can contain, the reservoir design is represented as three-dimensional features over the terrain to visualize the dam development.
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Mousavi, Seyed Mohsen, Golnaz Darvishi, Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan, and Seyed Amir Naghibi. "Optimal Landfill Site Selection for Solid Waste of Three Municipalities Based on Boolean and Fuzzy Methods: A Case Study in Kermanshah Province, Iran." Land 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101779.
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In recent decades, population increase and urban development have led to catastrophic environmental consequences. One of the principal objectives to achieve “sustainable development” is to find suitable landfills. Due to their physical characteristics, which have led to a lack of landfill sites and closeness to water bodies, agricultural fields, and residential areas, the cities of Javanrood, Paveh, and Ravansar were chosen as the necessary research regions. On the other hand, these landfills are unable to accommodate the growing urban population. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a framework for spotting the most suitable sites for landfill construction with these three cities as case studies. For this, 10 important driving factors (9 factors and 1 constraint) in landfill site selection were generated. Second, for the fuzzy membership function, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was employed for the standardization of criteria and determining the weight of the driving factors. Then, the Boolean, weighted linear combination (WLC) and ordered weighted average (OWA) methods were utilized to spot optimal sites for landfills. Finally, two suitable sites were found for landfills: site (a) was obtained from the WLC, and site (b) was obtained from OWA-low risk some trade-off (LRST) methods. Our results proved the high efficiency of multi-criteria decision-making methodology for landfill site selection.
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Huang, Wei Hsiang, Yih Terng Sheu, Po Jen Lien, Yu Sung Hsiao, and Chih Ming Kao. "Investigation and Remedial Approach Development for a TCE Spill Site: A Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1884.
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A trichloroethene (TCE) plume has been discovered inside an industrial park located in Taiwan. The objectives of this study were to characterize the solvent spill site and prepare a corrective action plan (CAP) for site remediation. The following tasks have been performed under Taiwan Soil and Groundwater Remediation Act corrective action: (1) geophysical survey to verify the existence and fate of all potential contaminant sources in the vicinity of the avionics repair shop; (2) soil-gas survey and soil/groundwater analyses to delineate the lateral and vertical extent of contaminants in the subsurface; (3) application of field screening techniques to determine the presence of dense, non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs); (4) contaminant transport modeling; (5) evaluation of the remedial options, conduction of cost analysis, and selection of the optimal treatment system. Results from the site characterization indicate that an extended TCE plume existed in site groundwater, which needs to be contained and remediated. A two-phase remedial approach has been developed. Phase I was to contain the existing dissolved groundwater plume in the surficial aquifer and initiate mass removal of DNAPLs. Phase II was to conduct feasibility studies and possibly test surfactant washing and biobarrier techniques.
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Bin Nadeem, Talha, Asad A. Naqvi, and Ahsan Ahmed. "Suitable Site Selection for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems – A case study for Pakistan." TECCIENCIA 33, no. 17 (October 10, 2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.4.
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In developing countries such as Pakistan, the issue of generating power is crucial. As conventional power sources (fossil fuels) are depleting at an alarming rate. An abundant amount of energy is generated by thermal power plants using fossil fuels as their primary energy resource for combustion. Hence extreme uses of fossil fuels are noticed, which is greatly responsible for damaging our environment. Oceans exists around 71% of the surface area of earth and it has enormous potential for electricity generation. This study focuses on site selection for harnessing ocean energy by utilizing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems for coastal areas of Pakistan. In this study, four sites across the coastal region of Pakistan have been studied namely Karachi, Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni. Their theoretical maximum Carnot efficiencies have also been determined and Gwadar has been identified as the most suitable location for OTEC plant with the maximum theoretical efficiency of around 6.53%, 6.93% and 7.75% at the cold-water depths of 1000m, 1200m and 1500m, respectively.
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ANDERSSON, J. A., T. J. KRUPNIK, and N. DE ROO. "ON-FARM TRIALS AS ‘INFECTION POINTS’? A RESPONSE TO WALL ET AL." Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479718000509.
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In their response to our paper on the problems of using on-farm trials in efforts to scale-out new crop production technologies and practices among smallholder farmers, Wall et al. (2019) focus on our descriptions of on-farm trials in just one of the three case studies of Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) projects that were presented. They argue we did not understand the projects’ philosophy and that the biases in farmer and site selection we discussed, do not exist in the southern Africa case study.
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Silva, Aline Batista da, and Aparecida de Cassia Giani Peniche. "Perioperative hypothermia and incidence of surgical wound infection: a bibliographic study." Einstein (São Paulo) 12, no. 4 (December 2014): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082014rw2398.
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The purpose of this review article was to understand and analyze the scientific production related to the occurrence of perioperative hypothermia and the incidence of infection on the surgical site. For this purpose, a search was conducted in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane, using the health science descriptors DECS, from 2004 to 2009. A total of 91 articles were found. After eliminating duplicate items and using selection criteria for inclusion, six manuscripts remained for analysis. The studies were classified as retrospective, prospective, case studies, and clinical trials. After analysis, the majority of studies showed that hypothermia must be prevented during the perioperative period to reduce complications in the healing process of the surgical incision. Therefore, unadverted hypothermia directly influences in surgical site healing, increasing the incidence of infection in the surgical wound.
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Pepin, Stéphane, Paul Black, Daria Koliabina, Alan Paulley, Louise Bruffel, Adrian Punt, Nasser Shubayr, Ming Zhu, and Tamara Yankovich. "Intermodel comparison for the radiological assessment of the Zapadnoe and Tessenderlo case studies with implications for selection of remediation strategy." Journal of Radiological Protection 42, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 020510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac66a4.
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Abstract Risk assessment provides a key input for determining the need for and extent of remedial actions necessary for sites contaminated with naturally occurring radioactive material or nuclear legacy sites. The choice of a modelling approach for risk assessment, and the corresponding toolsets should fit the assessment context, taking account of the complexity, and be clearly related to the questions to be addressed in the decision-making process. One of the objectives of Working Group 1 of IAEA Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments II (MODARIA II) Programme is to perform intermodel comparisons for case studies of selected sites, in particular, to help illustrate the applicability of different models and approaches as inputs to decision-making processes. This intercomparison exercise, which included the analysis of potential consequences on the management strategy for contaminated sites, has been performed for two sites: The former uranium mill tailings facility at Zapadnoe, Ukraine, and the phosphate processing facility at Tessenderlo, Belgium. Several models and computer codes have been used for one or both of these cases: AMBER, GoldSim, NORM And LegacY Site Assessment, Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRG)-dose compliance concentration calculator, and RESRAD-OFFSITE. The assessments explore the implications of using differing assessment frameworks and assumptions, as well as alternative modelling tools, on model outputs and as input for corresponding decisions on remediation strategy. This paper reviews both similarities and differences in the results of assessments performed using these different models. It discusses how different approaches can complement one another to help build confidence in the evidence base underpinning decisions. It also discusses the appropriateness of the different modelling approaches in a given assessment context. In one of the case studies in particular (Tessenderlo case study), the remediation strategy is essentially driven by the contamination of the site with heavy metals, such as cadmium. This has significant consequences on the choice of the most adequate approaches and scenarios for assessing the radiological risk and balancing their relative importance with other impacts. The development of a holistic approach to risk assessment is, therefore, highlighted.
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Aguirre, Natalia, Carla Filippi, Giusi Zaina, Juan Rivas, Cintia Acuña, Pamela Villalba, Martín García, et al. "Optimizing ddRADseq in Non-Model Species: A Case Study in Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090484.
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Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and its derived protocols, such as double digest RADseq (ddRADseq), offer a flexible and highly cost-effective strategy for efficient plant genome sampling. This has become one of the most popular genotyping approaches for breeding, conservation, and evolution studies in model and non-model plant species. However, universal protocols do not always adapt well to non-model species. Herein, this study reports the development of an optimized and detailed ddRADseq protocol in Eucalyptus dunnii, a non-model species, which combines different aspects of published methodologies. The initial protocol was established using only two samples by selecting the best combination of enzymes and through optimal size selection and simplifying lab procedures. Both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were determined with high accuracy after applying stringent bioinformatics settings and quality filters, with and without a reference genome. To scale it up to 24 samples, we added barcoded adapters. We also applied automatic size selection, and therefore obtained an optimal number of loci, the expected SNP locus density, and genome-wide distribution. Reliability and cross-sequencing platform compatibility were verified through dissimilarity coefficients of 0.05 between replicates. To our knowledge, this optimized ddRADseq protocol will allow users to go from the DNA sample to genotyping data in a highly accessible and reproducible way.
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Barda, Amie J., Victor M. Ruiz, Tony Gigliotti, and Fuchiang (Rich) Tsui. "An argument for reporting data standardization procedures in multi-site predictive modeling: case study on the impact of LOINC standardization on model performance." JAMIA Open 2, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy063.
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AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to gain a better understanding of how standardization of laboratory data can impact predictive model performance in multi-site datasets. We hypothesized that standardizing local laboratory codes to logical observation identifiers names and codes (LOINC) would produce predictive models that significantly outperform those learned utilizing local laboratory codes.Materials and MethodsWe predicted 30-day hospital readmission for a set of heart failure-specific visits to 13 hospitals from 2008 to 2012. Laboratory test results were extracted and then manually cleaned and mapped to LOINC. We extracted features to summarize laboratory data for each patient and used a training dataset (2008–2011) to learn models using a variety of feature selection techniques and classifiers. We evaluated our hypothesis by comparing model performance on an independent test dataset (2012).ResultsModels that utilized LOINC performed significantly better than models that utilized local laboratory test codes, regardless of the feature selection technique and classifier approach used.Discussion and ConclusionWe quantitatively demonstrated the positive impact of standardizing multi-site laboratory data to LOINC prior to use in predictive models. We used our findings to argue for the need for detailed reporting of data standardization procedures in predictive modeling, especially in studies leveraging multi-site datasets extracted from electronic health records.
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Yuan, Jie, Michele I. Van Dyke, and Peter M. Huck. "Water reuse through managed aquifer recharge (MAR): assessment of regulations/guidelines and case studies." Water Quality Research Journal 51, no. 4 (September 23, 2016): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2016.022.
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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water is an important water reuse application. As an intentional way of recharging water into aquifers, MAR can be used to address water shortages and contribute to sustainable water resources management practices. The establishment of a MAR system depends on the source of recharge water, the selection of a recharge method and site, the type of water treatment system, and the ultimate purpose of recovered water, and these components are closely related and integrated. However, at present, detailed regulations or guidelines that specifically guide MAR with reclaimed water are unavailable in most countries. The complexity of MAR systems and the lack of a sophisticated regulatory framework increase the difficulties of MAR implementation. This review provides an introduction to MAR with reclaimed water and a comparison of current worldwide water reuse regulations or guidelines, including a proposed approach for MAR implementation. An analysis of selected MAR with reclaimed water case studies was also done within the context of this proposed approach. This paper recommends the development of specific regulatory or design criteria, including a complete quantitative risk assessment framework for the evaluation and operation of MAR systems.
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Hughes, E. J., and R. J. Brooks. "The good mother: Does nest-site selection constitute parental investment in turtles?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-148.
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We tested the hypothesis that female midland painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta marginata Agassiz, 1857) provide significant parental care to their offspring through their choice of nest site. Painted turtle nest sites can be described in relation to specific microhabitat characteristics that, because of their effects on soil microclimate, may influence survival to hatch. We created models of the relationships between nest-site microhabitat and nest-site selection and between nest-site microhabitat and survival to hatch, and judged the fit of the models using Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample sizes. Female painted turtles selected nest sites with little canopy cover, little understory vegetation, and a southwestern slope aspect. Increased survival to hatch was associated with decreased organic content, which may serve as a surrogate for little or no vegetation or canopy cover. Nests in sites selected by turtles had slightly higher survival to hatch rates than nests in randomly chosen sites, suggesting that turtles may choose nest sites which increase offspring survival. Selection of nest sites may constitute significant parental investment and should be considered in studies of turtle life history.
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Yang, Xi, and Fuan Pu. "Spatial Cognitive Modeling of the Site Selection for Traditional Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Kengzi Village, Southern China." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 146, no. 4 (December 2020): 05020026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000616.
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Unal, Muge, Ahmet Cilek, and Esra Deniz Guner. "Implementation of fuzzy, Simos and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis for municipal solid waste landfill site selection: Adana City case study." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 1_suppl (December 17, 2019): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19893111.
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The selection of suitable landfill locations for municipal solid waste has become a top priority, especially in developed countries as a result of rapid population growth, unplanned urbanisation, increasing waste production and the limited area available. However, determining the location of landfill sites is a complex decision-making problem for municipalities and depends on social, environmental, technical and economic factors and regulations. In this study, we combined a geographic information system (GIS), multi-criteria decision-analysis techniques and fuzzy logic to determine the best location for landfill sites in Adana, Turkey, in four steps. Firstly, the threshold values and the coefficient weights of 15 criteria, grouped into environmental and socio-economic factors, were determined by a literature review and expert opinion to select suitable landfill locations. Secondly, selection criteria were standardised using fuzzy logic. Thirdly, we assessed the criteria weights based on their effectiveness on the selection of potential landfill sites using the Simos method. According to the weight coefficients, environmental factors are more important than socio-economic factors. Final maps for each criterion were calculated and overlaid by a GIS. As a result, the final suitability results were divided into four discrete categories: very high, high, moderate and low suitability areas, representing 1%, 76%, 17% and 6% of the location options, respectively. Finally, four different alternative areas were identified as being very highly suitable for landfill locations, which were evaluated in detail using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis. Three key aspects affect the final decision of a landfill site, in decreasing order of importance: environmental protection, minimising the negative impact on urban life quality and economic issues. Consequently, these results can guide decision-makers (ministries, municipalities, planners, etc.) during the selection of suitable landfill sites in both national and international studies.
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Hagemeijer, Noortje C., Femke M. A. P. Claessen, Roel de Haan, Roeland Riedijk, Denise E. Eygendaal, and Michel P. van den Bekerom. "Graft Site Morbidity in Elbow Ligament Reconstruction Procedures: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 14 (March 17, 2017): 3382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517693836.
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Background: It is unclear which tendon harvest for ulnar or lateral collateral ligament reconstruction has the lowest graft site morbidity rate. Purposes: To obtain graft site morbidity rates after tendon harvest for ulnar and lateral collateral ligament reconstruction procedures. Study Design: Systematic review/Meta-analysis. Methods: Studies were eligible if (1) patients had undergone elbow ligament reconstruction procedures; (2) original data for at least 5 patients were available; (3) the article was written in English, German, or Dutch; (4) a full-text article was available; and (5) information about graft site morbidity was available. The review excluded studies about complicated elbow ligament reconstruction procedures due to initial fractures, revision procedures, or circumferential graft techniques; animal studies; (systematic) reviews; and expert opinions. Because the majority of studies were case reports, no selection form or overall scoring system to evaluate methodological quality was used. Results: The review included 619 patients with an ulnar or lateral collateral ligament reconstruction procedure. The autograft types used included palmaris longus tendon (58%), gracilis tendon (24%), semitendinosus tendon (8%), triceps tendon (7%), toe extensor tendon (<2%), plantaris tendon (<2%), extensor carpi radialis longus tendon (<1%), and Achilles tendon (<1%). Conclusion: Graft site morbidity occurred in 1% of the patients after an ulnar or lateral collateral ligament reconstruction procedure. This study did not have enough samples of all the autograft types to conclude that autograft type and graft site morbidity are unrelated.
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Zou, Jihaoming, and Zhen Zhang. "Analysis of Main Factors on Evaluation and Selection of Wet Waste Disposal Modes: A Case Study of Universities in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 5373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095373.
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This paper explores greenhouse gas emission intensity and economy of centralized and on-site wet waste disposal mode, while comprehensively evaluating the two modes for decision-making. Based on the fieldwork in Shanghai’s 20 campuses of 15 universities, multiple scenarios that can reflect the different levels of technology and management in reality, were set for the following studies. The greenhouse gas emissions generated from centralized and on-site disposal modes of wet waste were calculated in two emission scenarios using Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Inventory, and the IPCC 2006 method. Additionally, the continuous cost input from the universities for the two disposal modes was analyzed in three cost-input scenarios using the Net Present Value method. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of the two modes was also conducted by using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation under the five main factors of greenhouse gas emission—control, economy, stability, education and innovation, and bargaining power for municipal sanitation departments. The results revealed that the centralized disposal mode is superior to the on-site disposal mode in terms of greenhouse gas emission control and economy. The centralized disposal mode is a more rational choice due to the better comprehensive evaluation performance. It was also emphasized that the construction of the wet waste disposal system is so complicated that the academic community and the policymakers may have to pay more attention to the integration of system design, industrial development, and other aspects of wet waste disposal.
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Arora, Balvinder Singh, Santhosh Rajan, Ravinder Mohil, and Neeraj Narayan Mathur. "Antibiotics sensitivity status and antibiogram patterns of aerobic bacterial isolates from surgical site infections." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195901.
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Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are the third most common nosocomial infections. Emergence and spread of drug resistant strains have been found to pose a serious challenge in the management of such infections. There is limited information on the epidemiology of such pathogens. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of aerobic bacterial isolates from post-operative SSIs show wide variations that lead to difficulties in empirical selection of the right kind of drug for treatment. Properly planned studies about antibiotic sensitivities patterns of such isolates can help in judicious management of SSIs and cause reduction in morbidity and mortality.Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed by the surgeon and fulfilling the case definition of SSI, were studied for bacteriological analysis. All the clinical specimens were cultured and identified applying standard culture techniques. The aerobic bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method to arrive at the drug sensitivity patterns. Data were entered in MS Excel spread sheet and analysed using SSPP software version 21.00Results: A total of 32 patterns of sensitivity were observed. For Esch. coli, a total of nine patterns were observed. All strains of Esch. coli were found sensitive to tigecycline (100%) and colistin (100%). For Klebsiella spp. a total of 9 patterns were obtained with TIG-COL being the predominant pattern in 6 cases. For Acinetobacter spp. only colistin was found most effective drug. In case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except colistin (100% sensitivity), there were wide variations in sensitivity with imipenem (71%) as next most effective drug. In Proteus spp. - most of the in-use drugs were effective except cephalosporins. Among gram positive organisms, only three strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, and these were MRSA (100%). Two strains of enterococcus were isolated, and these showed sensitivity to linezolid only.Conclusions: Wide variations in sensitivity status observed in the study are suggestive that antibiotic usage should be tailored to individual needs and proper selection of antibiotics for management of SSIs must be guided by laboratory antibiogram.
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VICOSO, BEATRIZ, PENELOPE R. HADDRILL, and BRIAN CHARLESWORTH. "A multispecies approach for comparing sequence evolution of X-linked and autosomal sites in Drosophila." Genetics Research 90, no. 5 (October 2008): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672308009804.
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SummaryPopulation genetics models show that, under certain conditions, the X chromosome is expected to be under more efficient selection than the autosomes. This could lead to ‘faster-X evolution’, if a large proportion of mutations are fixed by positive selection, as suggested by recent studies in Drosophila. We used a multispecies approach to test this: Muller's element D, an autosomal arm, is fused to the ancestral X chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura and its sister species, Drosophila affinis. We tested whether the same set of genes had higher rates of non-synonymous evolution when they were X-linked (in the D. pseudoobscura/D. affinis comparison) than when they were autosomal (in Drosophila melanogaster/Drosophila yakuba). Although not significant, our results suggest this may be the case, but only for genes under particularly strong positive selection/weak purifying selection. They also suggest that genes that have become X-linked have higher levels of codon bias and slower synonymous site evolution, consistent with more effective selection on codon usage at X-linked sites.
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MENZEL, DIETRICH. "CASE STUDIES IN SURFACE GEOMETRY: ADSORBATE AND COADSORBATE STRUCTURES ON Ru(001), AND SOME IMPLICATIONS." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 05 (October 1999): 835–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99000883.
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Using a CCD LEED system for the collection of IV data with minimal beam damage, and full dynamical as well as Tensor LEED calculations, the geometries of about 20 adsorbate and coadsorbate structures on Ru(001) have been determined over the past decade. With work by other groups, more than 30 accurate adsorbate structures are now available for this surface. The advantage of this concentrated effort directed at a single surface with equivalent methods is that comparisons of trends can be made on this basis, and that the correlation of different structures lends additional credibility to the separately determined structural parameters. This then justifies comparisons with results of first principles theoretical calculations and other conclusions. Here a short overview is given of the methods used and of the structures derived, and some methodological questions (reliability of "LEED only," and the importance of supporting evidence; reproducibility vs. accuracy; temperature effects and the influence of soft vibrations) are discussed. This data set is then used to briefly discuss some examples, including: • Influences of site selection and environment on the adsorbate structure; • Lateral interactions in coadsorbate structures; • Possible chemical contributions in rare gas adsorption; • Global and local relaxations of the Ru surface atoms and their interpretation. Comparison to theoretical results is made where possible.
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Hassan, Azizul, and Mizan Rahman. "World Heritage site as a label in branding a place." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 3 (November 16, 2015): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-01-2014-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that the World Heritage Site (WHS) status as a label plays an important role in branding, creating awareness among the tourists and promoting a specific place – be it natural or cultural. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on qualitative research and utilised interviews and explanatory case study method, taking Maritime Greenwich WHS as a case. Findings – It is found that the status of WHS motivates the tourists in general and heritage tourists in particular to visit the case study site. Also, the status helps in boosting the level of confidence of the tourists while selecting the site. Overall, it helps to reinforce the identity of a place. However, sustainability and conservation should not take a back seat when the very purpose of branding a site as WHS is this. Originality/value – It is ideal to have a balance in managing the demand and supply side of place management and marketing making sure that the heritage value and trust is kept intact.
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Cao, Yi, Yi-xiao Wang, and Zhong-zhen Yang. "Planning Method for Urban Subway Park-and-Ride Station and Parking Berth." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 50, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.15812.
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For satisfying the growing demand of parking in urban area and relieving traffic congestion in downtown, under the condition of urban subway park-and-ride (P&R), the methods of site selection and scale calculation of parking lots are studied. Selecting Xi'an Rd. business circle in Dalian as study object, both survey and analysis of parking demand were conducted. Based on the principle of random equilibrium selection, the logit model of P&R demand was constructed. Then the forecasting models of parking demand both in downtown and peripheral zones were proposed respectively. Using the minimum travel distance of vehicles as the objective function, site selection optimization model of P&R station was constructed. The calculation methods of scale for parking lots in both downtown and P&R station were also processed. For the case of Xi'an Rd. business circle, not only the site of P&R station was planned, but the scale of parking berth was calculated. According to the plan and calculation, the total number of parking berth has increased from 3380 to 4011. Among the planned berths, 75.7 % are in the business circle and 24.3 % in P&R stations are outside downtown. Thus, the number of planned berths in the business circle has actually decreased by about 8 %. The research indicates that, for downtown with subway system, by reducing parking berths in downtown and increasing them in P&R stations outside the urban area, this planning method is more beneficial to relieve the problems of parking and traffic congestion in downtown than traditional method.
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Trinh, Jane V., Luke F. Chen, Daniel J. Sexton, and Deverick J. Anderson. "Risk Factors for Gram-Negative Bacterial Surgical Site Infection Do Allergies to Antibiotics Increase Risk?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 30, no. 5 (May 2009): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/596612.
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Objective.To determine the relationship between indequate antimicrobial prophylaxis and development of gram-negative bacterial (GNB) surgical site infection (SSI).Design.Retrospective case-control study.Setting.A 369-bed acute care community hospital in Durham, North Carolina.Patients.Case patients were defined as patients who developed a GNB SSI after undergoing a surgical procedure during the period from January 1, 1998, through January 1, 2007. Control patients were uninfected patients who underwent surgery during the same study period and were matched to case patients by surgeon and type of procedure. Both patient groups were selected on the basis of prospectively collected data on patients who underwent surgery.Methods.Patient data were collected from patient medical records. Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression with backward selection, to identify variables independently associated with GNB SSI.Results.Case patients were similar to control patients with respect to demographics and comorbid conditions, but were older (P = .04), more obese (P = .03), and more likely to have diabetes mellitus (P = .03). Inappropriate timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis was the predominant reason that prophylaxis was deemed inadequate for both patient groups (59.1% of case patients vs 64.0% of control patients; P = .56). Case patients who had a history of allergic reactions to antimicrobial prophylaxis were significantly less likely to receive antimicrobial prophylaxis in a timely manner (P = .03). Variables independently associated with GNB SSI in multivariable analysis included urinary catheterization before surgery (odds ratio [OR], 3.74 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.11-12.62), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.02-4.94]), and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score greater than 2 (OR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.13-4.06]).Conclusions.A β-lactam allergy was not associated with increased risk for GNB SSI. Further studies, using patient data from larger hospital databases, are needed to examine the relationship between use of urinary catheter before surgery and risk of GNB SSI.
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Drira, Sabrine, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Tarek Hattab, Yunne-Jai Shin, Amel Ben Rejeb Jenhani, and François Guilhaumon. "Can We Avoid Tacit Trade-Offs between Flexibility and Efficiency in Systematic Conservation Planning? The Mediterranean Sea as a Case Study." Diversity 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010009.
Full textAbstract:
Species distribution models (SDMs) provide robust inferences about species-specific site suitability and are increasingly used in systematic conservation planning (SCP). SDMs are subjected to intrinsic uncertainties, and conservation studies have generally overlooked these. The integration of SDM uncertainties in conservation solutions requires the development of a suitable optimization algorithm. Exact optimization algorithms grant efficiency to conservation solutions, but most of their implementations generate a single binary and indivisible solution. Therefore, without variation in their parameterization, they provide low flexibility in the implementation of conservation solutions by stakeholders. Contrarily, heuristic algorithms provide such flexibility, by generating large amounts of sub-optimal solutions. As a consequence, efficiency and flexibility are implicitly linked in conservation applications: mathematically efficient solutions provide less flexibility, and the flexible solutions provided by heuristics are sub-optimal. To avoid this trade-off between flexibility and efficiency in SCP, we propose a reserve-selection framework, based on exact optimization combined with a post-selection of SDM outputs. This reserve-selection framework provides flexibility and addresses the efficiency and representativeness of conservation solutions. To exemplify the approach, we analyzed an experimental design, crossing pre- and post-selection of SDM outputs versus heuristics and exact mathematical optimizations. We used the Mediterranean Sea as a biogeographical template for our analyses, integrating the outputs of eight SDM techniques for 438 fish species.
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Halstead, Brian J., Patricia Valcarcel, Glenn D. Wylie, Peter S. Coates, Michael L. Casazza, and Daniel K. Rosenberg. "Active Season Microhabitat and Vegetation Selection by Giant Gartersnakes Associated with a Restored Marsh in California." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042016-jfwm-029.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Studies of habitat selection can reveal important patterns to guide habitat restoration and management for species of conservation concern. Giant gartersnakes Thamnophis gigas are endemic to the Central Valley of California, where >90% of their historical wetland habitat has been converted to agricultural and other uses. Information about the selection of habitats by individual giant gartersnakes would guide habitat restoration by indicating which habitat features and vegetation types are likely to be selected by these rare snakes. We examined activity patterns and selection of microhabitats and vegetation types by adult female giant gartersnakes with radiotelemetry at a site composed of rice agriculture and restored wetlands using a paired case-control study design. Adult female giant gartersnakes were 14.7 (95% credible interval [CRI] = 9.4–23.7) times more likely to be active (foraging, mating, or moving) when located in aquatic habitats than when located in terrestrial habitats. Microhabitats associated with cover—particularly emergent vegetation, terrestrial vegetation, and litter—were positively selected by giant gartersnakes. Individual giant gartersnakes varied greatly in their selection of rice and rock habitats, but varied little in their selection of open water. Tules Schoenoplectus acutus were the most strongly selected vegetation type, and duckweed Lemna spp., water-primrose Ludwigia spp., forbs, and grasses also were positively selected at the levels of availability observed at our study site. Management practices that promote the interface of water with emergent aquatic and herbaceous terrestrial vegetation will likely benefit giant gartersnakes. Given their strong selection of tules, restoration of native tule marshes will likely provide the greatest benefit to these threatened aquatic snakes.
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Iervolino, Iunio, and C. Allin Cornell. "Record Selection for Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Structures." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 3 (August 2005): 685–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1990199.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the question of selection and amplitude scaling of accelerograms for predicting the nonlinear seismic response of structures. Despite the current practices of record selection according to a specific magnitude-distance scenario and scaling to a common level, neither aspect of this process has received significant research attention to ascertain the benefits or effects of these practices on the conclusions. This paper hypothesizes that neither these usual principal seismological characteristics nor scaling of records matters to the nonlinear response of structures. It then investigates under what conditions this hypothesis may not be sustainable. Two classes of records sets are compared in several case studies: one class is carefully chosen to represent a specific magnitude and distance scenario, the other is chosen randomly from a large catalog. Results of time-history analyses are formally compared by a simple statistical hypothesis test to assess the difference, if any, between nonlinear demands of the two classes of records. The effect of the degree of scaling (by first-mode spectral acceleration level) is investigated in the same way. Results here show (1) little evidence to support the need for a careful site-specific process of record selection by magnitude and distance, and (2) that concern over scenario-to-scenario record scaling, at least within the limits tested, may not be justified.