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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Site remediation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Tang, Xi Yang John J. Goyne Keith William. "Risk and stability of phosphate-immobilized lead in contaminated urban soil and mining sites in the Jasper County Superfund Site." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4911.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 6, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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2

Tam, Edwin Kwan Lap. "Decision methodology for site owners for the remediation of contaminated sites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0012/NQ41514.pdf.

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3

Journell, Scot. "Site Remediation of Underground Storage Tank Contamination." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296432.

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From the Proceedings of the 1990 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 21, 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
Remedial techniques for sub-surface soil and water contamination are dependent on the lateral and vertical extent of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination and the type of petroleum hydrocarbons which have been released into the sub-surface. Specific remedial technologies are required for diesel fuel and heavy oils compared to the more volatile gasoline compounds. Available remedial technologies for vadose zone contamination include excavation and treatment; soil vapor extraction and possible vapor burning; bioremediation; and chemical treatment. Remedial technologies for ground-water contamination include water recovery, contaminant volatilization, carbon adsorption, bioremediation and water reinjection. Specialized apparatuses are utilized when petroleum hydrocarbon product floating on the water table surface must be separated from the ground water. A number of hydrologic considerations must be evaluated prior to any remediation scenario. These considerations include geologic characterization of the sub-surface soil matrix, and aquifer.

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4

Han, Liping. "Groundwater remediation at a former oil service site." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2334.

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As an intern with URS Corporation, I participated in several remediation and wastewater treatment projects during the year 2004. A groundwater remediation project was selected to present in this record of study for my Doctor of Engineering degree not only because I spent more time on it than any other project, but also because it represents the broadness and depth of a typical URS remediation project. In this report, findings from previous environmental investigations were summarized and used for computer modeling and remediation strategy evaluation. Computer models were used to simulate site conditions and assist in remedy design for the site. Current pump-and-treat systems were evaluated by the model under various scenarios. Recommendations were made for the pump-and-treat system to control the contaminant plume. Various remediation technologies were evaluated and compared for their applicability at the site. A combination of on-site remediation and downgradient plume control was chosen as the site remediation strategy. Treatability studies and additional modeling work are needed for the remediation system design and optimization.

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5

Gallagher, Patricia M. "Passive Site Remediation for Mitigation of Liquefaction Risk." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29610.

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Passive site remediation is a new concept proposed for non-disruptive mitigation of liquefaction risk at developed sites susceptible to liquefaction. It is based on the concept of slow injection of stabilizing materials at the edge of a site and delivery of the stabilizer to the target location using the natural groundwater flow. The purpose of this research was to establish the feasibility of passive site remediation through identification of stabilizing materials, a study of how to design or adapt groundwater flow patterns to deliver the stabilizers to the right place at the right time, and an evaluation of potential time requirements and costs. Stabilizer candidates need to have long, controllable gel times and low viscosities so they can flow into a liquefiable formation slowly over a long period of time. Colloidal silica is a potential stabilizer for passive site remediation because at low concentrations it has a low viscosity and a wide range of controllable gel times of up to about 100 days. Loose Monterey No. 0/30 sand samples (Dr = 22%) treated with colloidal silica grout were tested under cyclic triaxial loading to investigate the influence of colloidal silica grout on the deformation properties. Distinctly different deformation properties were observed between grouted and ungrouted samples. Untreated samples developed very little axial strain after only a few cycles and prior to the onset of liquefaction. Once liquefaction was triggered, large strains occurred rapidly and the samples collapsed within a few additional cycles. In contrast, grouted sand samples experienced very little strain during cyclic loading. What strain accumulated did so uniformly throughout loading and the samples remained intact after cyclic loading. In general, samples stabilized with 20 weight percent colloidal silica experienced very little (less than two percent) strain during cyclic loading. Sands stabilized with 10 weight percent colloidal silica tolerated cyclic loading well, but experienced slightly more (up to eight percent) strain. Treatment with colloidal silica grout significantly increased the deformation resistance of loose sand to cyclic loading. Groundwater and solute transport modeling were done using the codes MODFLOW, MODPATH, and MT3DMS. A "numerical experiment" was done to determine the ranges of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient where passive site remediation might be feasible. For a treatment are of 200 feet by 200 feet, a stabilizer travel time of 100 days, and a single line of low-head (less than three feet) injection wells, it was found that passive site remediation could be feasible in formations with hydraulic conductivity values of 0.05 cm/s or more and hydraulic gradients of 0.005 and above. Extraction wells will increase the speed of delivery and help control the down gradient extent of stabilizer movement. The results of solute transport modeling indicate that dispersion will play a large role in determining the concentration of stabilizer that will be required to deliver an adequate concentration at the down gradient edge. Consequently, thorough characterization of the hydraulic conductivity throughout the formation will be necessary for successful design and implementation of passive site remediation. The cost of passive site remediation is expected to be competitive with other methods of chemical grouting, i.e. in the range of $60 to $180 per cubic meter of treated soil, depending on the concentration of colloidal silica used.
Ph. D.

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6

Kilback, Andrew H. "Assessment of groundwater remediation at an industrial landfill site." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59505.pdf.

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7

Day, Monica. "A tool for assessing citizen deliberative decisions about contaminated sites." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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8

Lukasiak, Anna D. "Internet-enabled integrated presentation system for site remediation preliminary assessment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43437.

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9

Gutierrez, Diana, and Diana Gutierrez. "In-Situ Biosequestration for Remediation of Uranium in Groundwater at the Monument Valley UMTRA Site." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620727.

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The Monument Valley UMTRA Site is a former uranium mining site that is located in Cane Valley, Arizona. The mining that occurred there from 1943 to 1968 created a groundwater contaminant plume that consists of nitrate, sulfate, and uranium. There are only a few viable methods for remediation of these types of contaminants occurring in large, deep plumes. Monitored natural attenuation is a popular approach because it is a green and low-cost alternative. However, it is often ineffective without some form of supplemental enhancement. In-situ biosequestration is one method of enhanced attenuation, which involves injecting an electron- donating substrate that will promote microbial activity and sequester contaminants by bioprecipitation, biomineralization, and enhanced adsorption. Prior tests conducted at the Monument Valley site in the center of the plume using ethanol as the electron donor proved effective in the treatment of nitrate, sulfate, and uranium. Subsequent pilot scale tests are being conducted in the source zone of the Monument Valley Site to further investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using in-situ biosequestration for treatment of uranium contaminated groundwater. The preliminary results of these tests are discussed.

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10

Andrade, Marc-David. "Development of an on-site ex-situ unsaturated-flow remediation process for trace metal contaminated soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85117.

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Innovative means and methods were tested to develop an economical, pragmatic and environmentally sustainable soil remediation process for heavy metal contaminated soils. An unsaturated-flow soil washing procedure was devised to dissolve the soil-bound toxic heavy metals; the latter were extracted by a chemical washing solution that percolated through the soil matrix. Subsequently, the leached toxic heavy metals were selectively concentrated, by a chemical precipitation process, into a solid waste. Thereby, a fraction of the spent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), within the washing and rinsing leachate, was theoretically regenerated and recycle-ready.
The unsaturated-flow washing procedure was perfected by applying different treatments to a soil from a secure landfill. This soil was contaminated with Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S and Zn. The major contaminants were Fe, Pb, Zn, S, Cu and Mn, making up 25, 1.9, 1.0, 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2%wt of the soil. The extraction responses of the contaminants and those of Al, Ca, Mg and P were established for citric acid (0.5 M) and different molarities of diammonium EDTA ((NH4)2EDTA). The DOW Chemical Company supplied the (NH4)2EDTA (i.e. VERSENE), a 1.37M industrial cleaner, which roughly costs $1.85kg-1 in bulk. The affordability of VERSENE was a pre-condition for hoping to satisfy the economical feasibility of remediating trace metal contaminated soils.
Ultimately, the developed unsaturated-flow washing procedure was tested in a pilot-scale experiment, for its ability to remediate a soil from an abandoned car battery recycling facility. The latter soil was severely contaminated with Pb (3.9%wt). Drip irrigation was used to apply (NH4) 2EDTA and water-rinsing solutions to the surface of soil heaps that rested atop an impermeable barrier, which permitted the retrieval of the leachate. A cumulative EDTA input to the soil of 10.6% wt extracted 49.4% of the total Pb content of the soil. Alternatively, readily biodegradable citric acid barely extracted 2.2% of the total Pb content of the soil, for a cumulative input of 18.1% weight of soil. Different treatments were tested for their effectiveness in concentrating the leached toxic heavy metals into a solid waste. The Pb was best precipitated with Na2S alone, as it provided the most concentrated solid toxic waste.
The environmental sustainability of remediating trace metal contaminated soils was thoroughly examined, as per the amounts of chemical entrants and toxic waste by-products, and per the post-treatment leaching of toxic levels of the remaining and potentially toxic trace metals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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11

Wadey, Matthew C. "Role of iron particulates in remediation of RDX and TNT contaminated waters with aquatic plant systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19924.

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12

Klaustermeier, Aaron Wallace. "Brine-Contaminated Soils in Western North Dakota: Site Assessment Methodology and a New In-Situ Remediation Method." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28056.

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Anthropogenic soil salinity caused by produced water (i.e., brine) contamination is an issue in all oil and gas producing regions. The objectives of this research are to develop soil electrical conductivity (EC) conversion equations for rapid site assessment of brine spills and to determine the efficacy of crystallization inhibitors as an in-situ remediation method. Conversion equations were developed for soil-to-water suspensions and saturated paste extracts (ECe) on brine-contaminated soils. These new equations provided the best prediction of ECe when compared to 14 other equations reported in the literature. A crystallization inhibitor (C18Fe7N18) applied to NaCl-contaminated soils using various concentrations and methods of application yielded dendritic salt crystals above the soil surface. On average, between 0.29 and 0.57 g g-1 of NaCl salts effloresced when surface applying a 0.01M concentration of the crystallization inhibitor. Results from these studies will guide consultants and researchers in the assessment and remediation of brine-contaminated soils.

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13

Thomas, David A. "Characterization of water fluxes at a trench and gate groundwater remediation site." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/MQ48049.pdf.

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14

Elmore, Andrew Curtis. "Monte Carlo simulation of ground water remediation at a Nebraska contamination site." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185706.

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Characterization of the effectiveness of ground water contamination remediation alternatives is complex due to uncertainties associated with the ground water system. This dissertation presents a Monte Carlo simulation model for stochastic characterization of the maximum concentration of contaminant remaining in an aquifer after the application of pump and treat remedial alternatives. The model is written in FORTRAN 77 for the Convex 240. The model uses a publicly available finite difference code for flow analysis and a commercially available method of characteristics transport code. Hydraulic conductivity fields are randomly generated using the turning bands method; initial concentration fields are conditionally simulated on measured and estimated concentration values; and retardation coefficient fields are negatively correlated to hydraulic conductivity using partition coefficients sampled from a log normal distribution. The model was applied to three pump and treat alternatives selected for consideration at a Nebraska contamination site. Two dimensional analysis of flow and transport was performed. Special treatment of flow boundary conditions was necessary due to site conditions and model restrictions. The probabilistic analyses of the resulting maximum concentration ensembles were used to demonstrate decision analysis at the site. Beta probability distributions were fitted to the maximum output ensembles. The decision tree model incorporated monetary values, human health considerations, and regulatory issues as well as probabilistic considerations. Illustration of the decision analysis procedure showed that the choice of the optimal remedial alternative was dependent on the monetary value assigned to noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic adverse human health risks.

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15

Costanza, Jed. "Degradation of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene under thermal remediation conditions." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08262005-021152/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Pennell, Kurt, Committee Chair ; Lawrence Bottomley, Committee Member ; James Mulholland, Committee Member ; Carolyn Ruppel, Committee Member ; D. Webster, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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16

Hou, Deyi. "Generalised and hybrid sustainability assessments in contaminated site remediation and associated sustainable behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708371.

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17

Andersson, Jenny. "Environmental Impacts of Contaminated Site Remediation : a Comparision of two Life Cycle Assessments." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1931.

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The decision process of which technique to choose for remediation of contaminated sites has traditionally focused on the clean up level, the time required and the economical resources. The environmental costs of the remediation are seldom taken into consideration. With a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) it is possible to receive an overall picture of the environmental impacts caused by a remediation technique. In this thesis a comparison of two LCA methods has been made. The methods are named REC and Uva and are used in the Netherlands and Germany. Two remediation techniques, the adsorption technique and the bioremediation technique, were compared and data from a discontinued petrol station were used. The output from the REC method indicated that the adsorption technique causes more environmental costs then the bioremediation technique. The main reason is because the adsorption technique consumes more groundwater and energy. The UvA method presented a different result. According to this method the bioremediation technique causes more environmental costs. This is because the bioremediation technique consumes more energy and causes more emissions. The main reasons of the difference between the REC and the UvA methods are that they use diverse ways to calculate the consumption of energy, have different system boundaries and consider different impact categories. A conclusion of the present study is that a decision process of which remediation technique to use at a contaminated site could be dependent on which method is used as a decision support tool.

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18

Ling, Sarah R. A. "Assessing the effectiveness of landfill restoration and remediation at a closed landfill site." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54748/.

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This research project was established to investigate the varying environmental impact of a landfill waste mass after the installation of a fully engineered landfill capping system. Nant-y-Gwyddon Landfill Site is a waste disposal site situated in the Rhondda Fawr in South Wales, UK. The site was established on an area of high ground overlooking the densely populated valley floor. The key environmental body at risk from the site was identified as the layered aquifer system supported by the cyclical geological strata dominated by sandstone aquifers separated by less permeable siltstone, mudstone and coal seams. The research adopts an integrated approach, where the understanding of the changes occurring in the waste mass are directly linked to predicted changes in the contamination levels in the groundwater system. Emphasis is also given to the mechanisms for contaminant transport between the waste mass and the environmental systems. As such the entire landfill system including the surrounding environment is considered as a set of closely interconnected systems. A monitoring system was designed to observe the changes occurring to the waste mass in terms of leachate level and saturation conditions after the installation of the landfill cap in an attempt to assess the changing leachate generation rates and quality within the waste mass. The key findings from the waste mass are then used to interpret variations in contaminant levels in the groundwater systems. Geophysical investigations highlight the extent of the leachate contamination detected in the groundwater hydrogeologically down gradient of the waste mass. The findings from groundwater monitoring are then used to develop a hydrogeological numerical model for the site using the program Visual MODFLOW. The key findings from groundwater monitoring and modelling highlight the importance of the unsaturated zone beneath the site in providing a source of contaminants which are mobilised during increased groundwater levels triggered by rainfall events. The majority of the contaminant loading was determined to be sourced from the area where a direct pathway exists between the waste mass and the Main Aquifer system. Predictions for future trends of contamination levels are then made in response to the findings and show a dynamic system intrinsically linked to the development of the waste mass and the meteorological conditions on site.

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19

Bösch, Christophe E. (Christophe Eric). "Massachusetts Military Reservation Superfund site did costs and benefits matter in remediation decisions?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41361.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-106).
by Christopher E. Bösch.
M.Eng.

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20

Paynter, Christopher Daniel. "A biosensor based toolkit for investigating microbial remediation on a BTEX contaminated site." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU206915.

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In this project, a tool-kit based upon the use of genetically modified luminescent bacterial biosensors was applied to support the remediation of a site with a history of BTEX contamination. The luminescence response from the biosensors indicated that there were high levels of toxicity on one area of the site, which may have resulted in a constraint to microbial activity. Treatment of samples by air sparging and activated charcoal resulted in a reduction in sample toxicity and BTEX availability. These data were used to assist the planning of site remediation strategies. The biosensor suite was then used to predict the potential constraint to BTEX bioremediation of co-contamination with heavy metals. Soils of varying pH were contaminated with zinc and copper to represent a model system. Biosensor analysis indicated that increased metal bioavailability in soils of low pH may affect the ability of a microbial community to degrade toluene. The BTEX degradation capacities of in situ microbial communities on the study site were investigated using biofilm culture units. Results of this work indicated that a different community was isolated from each groundwater well. The largest active biofilms and greatest degradation capacities were found in samples taken from groundwater wells with the highest BTEX concentrations. Biofilm samples were also subjected to molecular analysis, with amplification of 16S sequences achieved in all samples. Degradative genes, tod and bed, were only successfully amplified from samples taken from groundwater wells with the highest BTEX concentrations.

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21

Mercer, Douglas Grant. "The nature of fairness : what the biggest land cleanup project in world history has to say about the culture of American environmental management /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5638.

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22

Omole, Marcells Apiyo. "Fabrication of nanostructured materials for environmental remediation and sensing." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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23

Rossman, Anthony J. "INNOVATIVE SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION RESEARCH: AN INTERNSHIP AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE, AIKEN, SOUTH CAROLINA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1028227862.

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24

Elliott, Wanda Sue. "An evaluation of an ion-exchange method for the removal of technetium-99 from groundwater." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/w_elliott_120307.pdf.

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25

Lawson, Jeffrey. "Towards a novel methodology for the environmental remediation of oil-polluted aqueous systems." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158583.

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Aromatic hydrocarbons are a prevalent constituent of crude oil. The refined products of crude oil such as petroleum and diesel can find their way into groundwater though oil-spillages and are also present in the oil and gas industry’s produced water. These aromatics are biorecalcitrant, however upon ingestion with water, may be metabolised to toxic intermediates that are carcinogenic or mutagenic in nature. Although some treatment technologies are available most of these are under development and are yet to be proven in the field. This illustrates the need for novel, economical and environmentally friendly technologies to be developed with a view to remediating aqueous systems that have been polluted with aromatics hydrocarbons. The supramolecular cyclodextrin molecule, with its hydrophobic interior and hydrophobic exterior seems to be an excellent molecule for the trapping of the pollutant molecules, however the inclusion complexes with this cyclic sugar are water-soluble therefore there is a need for the cyclodextrin to be rendered waterinsoluble. A study of the aqueous solubilities of some aromatic hydrocarbons that may be present in crude oil has been carried out and shows that the majority of these molecules have a degree of water solubility that may increase upon environmental weathering. The successful reaction between a solid-phase resin and the β-cyclodextrin molecule has been achieved, with the total dryness of the system being required including Soxhlet extraction of the resin with anhydrous acetone before the reaction. The reaction between β-cyclodextrin and a range of isocyanates proved unsuccessful, but a range of symmetrical aryl ureas were synthesised from their isocyanates with the influence that different activating or deactivating groups on the ring have on the propensity to form the ureas being shown. The successful alkylation between β-cyclodextrin and a series of haloalkanes has shown the effect of increasing chain length on the degree of alkylation. This reaction involved the deprotonation of the cyclodextrin by sodium hydride in anhydrous dimethyl sulphoxide followed by reaction with the alkyl iodide. Increasing the equivalents of hydride or iodide, or the reaction time did not have a noticeable effect on the degree of reaction indicating that steric constraints were limiting the degree of reaction. Testing several of these alkyl iodides gave an indication as to their tendency to uptake and remove several model pollutants that had been dissolved in water with the propylated β-cyclodextrin displaying potential for the remediation of aqueous systems that had been polluted. Several of these results were very promising leading to the conclusion that further derivatives of these alkylated sugars may be even more suitable for future research into the remediation of organically polluted aqueous systems.

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26

Chang, Eric Kenneth. "Coupled sorption and transport of nonionic surfactants in natural soils." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21257.

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Collins, Mary B. "Collaborative dispute resolution in superfund enforcement does the resolution approach vary by community-level sociodemographic characteristics? /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002118.

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Budde, Eva. "Assessment and optimisation of biological and physico-chemical techniques to monitor natural attenuation : application to three field sites." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=153281.

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Monitored natural attenuation is a cost-effective remediation strategy for the risk reduction of chemicals of concern (CoCs) in contaminated land and waters. This study considers three genuine sites in Germany, undergoing remediation. The objective was to measure a suite of physicochemical and biological parameters, and characterise the sites based on these data. The sites differed by their prevalent type of CoC, with one site impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and two sites, situated in Hilden, impacted by BTEX. Sampling of microorganisms was performed using the industrial partner's newly developed matrix. This matrix was used for measurements of microbial respiration rate, ATP content, and 14C mineralisation rate, while groundwater samples were used for microbial luminescent biosensor assays (applying Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607, Pseudomonas putida F1 Tn5, and Pseudomonas putida F1 TVA8), and for the chemical analysis of CoC, nitrate, iron, manganese, sulphate, and phosphate concentration. Microbial biosensors and respiration tests performed well in the identification of BTEX impacted wells at the Hilden sites, while the results for ATP content and 14C mineralisation were more ambiguous. Factor analysis showed a high impact of sulphate concentration. However, several strong correlations existed between measured parameters, so no single driving force, but a set of environmental influencing factors could be identified at the sites. The remediation progress could be demonstrated by the changes in cluster analyses between two time points. Sulphate and redox potential, the most influential parameters of the Hilden physico-chemical data set, were highlighted and confirmed by multiple linear regression, using a calculated attenuation rate as the dependent variable. Based on this outcome, a reduced sampling regime was proposed. This approach has the potential to reduce sampling costs and time at hydrocarbon contaminated sites, and has adequately demonstrated the use of statistical methods in assessing the remediation progress at a site.

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29

Mankoff, Lawrie. "Radioactive Contamination, Superfund Remediation, and Green Gentrification in San Francisco’s Hunters Point." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1328.

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Bayview-Hunters Point, a neighborhood in southeastern San Francisco, has long been one of the most impoverished and polluted areas in the city. In an example of environmental racism, much of the African American community in San Francisco was segregated to Bayview-Hunters Point by racist housing policies and practices. This neighborhood was home to the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS), which was widely polluted with hazardous wastes from shipyard operation as well as radioactive contamination from the Navy Radiological Defense Laboratory established on this property. The former HPNS was made a federal Superfund site in 1989 and has been in remediation by the Navy since, with the goal of eventual transfer of the land to the city of San Francisco for redevelopment into residential and commercial areas. Throughout the history of the HPNS, government agencies have obscured both radioactive contamination and the nearby disadvantaged community in pursuit of military and economic power. As a result, the forces of redevelopment have outpaced remediation in Hunters Point. In this thesis, I argue that in continuing the environmental racism marginalizes the community in Bayview-Hunters Point and working to hide the contamination at the nearby Superfund site government agencies, primarily the Navy and city government, have fostered the conditions for green gentrification to occur, which could have ill effects on both the longstanding community and new residents.

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30

Fitch, Peter A. "The investigation, remediation and regeneration of a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site at Greenham Common UK." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8161/.

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This dissertation presents the findings of a project where, following investigation and assessment, a million tonnes of sand and gravel at a contaminated former US Air Force Base was excavated for use as aggregate. The process required on-site screening for petroleum hydrocarbons of over 7,000 soil samples and provided an opportunity to assess the efficiency of the investigation, assess the application of geophysics of hydrocarbon contaminated sites, and look at the role of aggregate extraction in the contaminated land industry.

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31

Steele, Mark. "Ex-situ remediation of a metal-contaminated superfund soil using selective extractants." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048379.

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Extractive processes can permanently and significantly reduce the volume, toxicity and mobility of contaminated materials at affected sites. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), N-2 (acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA), pyridine2,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDA), and hydrochloric acid (HC1) were evaluated in batch studies for their ability to remove lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from a Superfund soil. The extraction of Pb as a function of time was limited and the order of Pb removal was EDTA > ADA > PDA > HC1. Repeated extractions did not treat the soil below the Pb regulatory limit (1,000 mg/kg); however, the Pb remaining occurs in an immobile form. All extractants treated the soil below the proposed Cd regulatory limit (40 mg/kg) within 1 h. Lead recovery from solution was accomplished by hydroxide precipitation in the presence of excess calcium, and recovery at pH 11 was 70%, 98%, and 97% from the EDTA, ADA, and PDA complexes, respectively.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

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Rosengreen, Sven Albert. "13C and 37Cl characterization of PCE and application to contamination of the Harrison Landfill: Tucson, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0063_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Dybowska, Agnieszka. "Remediation options for a site contaminated with arsenic and copper by past mining and smelting activities." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7755.

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Nicot, Jean-Philippe. "Inverse modeling of subsurface environmental partitioning tracer tests /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Bower, Julia Michelle. "Immobilization of mercury using iron sulfide minerals." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/BOWER_JULIA_20.pdf.

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Oropeza, Cristina M. "An evaluation study of the effectiveness of using a reaction-based process for hydrazine waste remediation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4816.

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Hydrazine (HZ) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) are used extensively as hypergolic propellants at Kennedy Space Center. These highly reactive fuels are considered highly toxic, and potentially carcinogenic. Consequently, the transport, handling, and disposal of hydrazines is strictly regulated to protect personnel and the environment. Currently, KSC generates large volumes of hydrazine-laden wastewater for disposal. This waste is contained and shipped on public highways for subsequent disposal by incineration presenting a potentially catastrophic threat to the environment and the general public in the event of an accidental release. Other existing remediation methods include oxidative and reductive pathways as well as biodegradation in fixed film reactors. Each of these methods has associated drawbacks and limitations that make them unsuitable for industrial use. Recently, hydrazine neutralization by reaction with alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKGA) to form the stabilized pyridazine derivatives PCA and mPCA has been explored. The applicability of this technique for use at KSC has been established and procedural considerations for implementation have been addressed. Experimental evidence based on worst case scenario decontamination processing simulations and reaction characterization has suggested that AKGA can cost effectively function as a drop-in replacement for current neutralizers with minimal modification to existing infrastructure and operating procedures. Further work will be necessary to satisfy permitting requirements and verify that the reaction product stream is non-hazardous in light of limited toxicity data.
ID: 030646205; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-146).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Chemistry
Sciences
Chemistry

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Abel, Erin Jessica, and Erin Jessica Abel. "Identifying Optimal Electron Donors to Promote Biosequestration of Uranium for an UMTRCA Title 1 Site." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620725.

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Biostimulation is the use of in-situ microorganisms and added reagents in order to biosequester, precipitate, or absorb contaminants from contaminated groundwater and sediment. To test the effectiveness of this remediation approach at a particular site, small scale experiments, such as miscible-displacement, batch, or microcosm experiments, should be performed before a large-scale in-situ biosequestration electron donor injection. In this study, electron donor solutions containing contaminated groundwater and ethanol, acetate, benzoate, or glucose were injected into aquifer sediments collected from a UMTRCA Title 1 Site in Monument Valley, AZ. These experiments showed that ethanol, acetate, and glucose were effective electron donors for the stimulation of microbial activity in order to sequester uranium and reduce nitrate and sulfate concentrations. Conversely, benzoate was not effective at sequestering or reducing the contaminants. After electron-donor deficient groundwater was injected into the columns, a rebound of nitrate, sulfate, and uranium concentrations was observed. Due to this rebound, it was inferred that the mechanism of sequestration of uranium and hence reduction of nitrate and sulfate was due to the creation of reducing conditions via microbial activity. The insoluble reduced uranium was hypothesized to have precipitated or adsorbed to surrounding sediments. Incoming groundwater contained dissolved oxygen and therefore oxidized the reduced contaminants, consequently returning them into solution. It was hypothesized that a similar rebound would occur if ethanol, acetate, or glucose were to be injected in-situ due to sustained groundwater flow through the aquifer sediments on site.

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Robinette, Paul R. "A Macroinvertebrate Study of the Shenango River Westinghouse Superfund Site, Sharon, PA." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1244087277.

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Culley, Marci R. Hughey Joseph. "Power and "official" vehicles for public participation in a local hazardous waste setting a community case study /." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A dissertation in community psychology." Advisor: Joseph B. Hughey. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Frb. 23, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 355-370). Online version of the print edition.

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Schrier, Loren Clare. "Identification of by-products and investigation into the dechlorination mechanism of the Chemchar cocurrent flow gasification process by gas chromatography-mass selective detection /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904867.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998.
Trademark symbol follows Chemchar in title. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 130). Also available on the Internet.

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Fain, Danny 1966. "Use of the self-potential method for measurement of subsurface water flow at a pump-and-treat remediation site." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9319.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 34).
The self-potential method (SP) of geophysical surveying has been widely used in environmental and engineering applications, primarily for rough but inexpensive assessment of subsurface flow of fluids, heat, or ions. In this project, the SP method was employed to study the activity at an environmental cleanup site at the Massachusetts Military Reservation. At the leading (down-gradient) edge of the CS-4 groundwater contamination plume, a fence of pump-and-treat extraction wells has been operating in an effort to contain the plume migration. To help gauge the effectiveness of the pump-and-treat technique, it is useful to delineate the resultant water flow and to compare it to the extent and diffusion gradient of the contaminant plume. In the survey conducted for this project, SP measurements were taken along the fence of extraction wells, while they were in operation, and during a period in which the well pumps were shut off. Spatial and temporal variations in the SP measurements are analyzed. Some possible explanations are proposed to account for the observed features and changes over time. While the results are not entirely conclusive, they suggest that water flow provides only a modest contribution to the total observed SP anomaly.
by Danny Fain.
S.B.

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El, Zawily Amr M. "Site-directed mutagenesis of the tutH gene of Thauera aromatica strain T₁ and its potential for environmental remediation of toluene." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1258525960.

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Baker, Christopher R. "A Continued Remediation Study of Groundwater and Soils Contaminated by Creosote and Wood-Preserving Constituents at a Site in DeRidder, Louisiana." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002401.

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The search for clean, fresh water is of the utmost importance, especially considering the highly industrialized age in which we live and the rising demand caused by increasing population. Many once-clean groundwater reservoirs have been tainted due to the inadequate storage and handling procedures for hazardous materials. One such site operated as a wood-preservation facility between 1937 and 1999 located in western Louisiana in the town of DeRidder. The contaminants that leached into the soils and groundwater supply at this site included creosote, a coal-tar distillate that is an amalgamate of several toxic constituents. The contamination was first detected in 1981, and within the year monitoring wells were installed to evaluate the extent of the pollution. For this study, 61 monitoring wells, 16 of which consistently record hazardous compounds within the subsurface, were analyzed in order to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes of contamination. The data were further correlated with rising and falling groundwater levels, precipitation data, and lithology in order to better understand the trends of the constituents and how they are affected by their environment. Additionally, an indication as to the efficiency of the current remediation practices put in place is examined by evaluating the diminishing contamination values over time compared to previous studies in the area. Hazardous levels within the soil are at their peak near the contamination sources, and spread outward while following the direction of local groundwater flow. This study shows that the total contamination quantities are slowly declining due to the current remediation practices, however, the total area covered by contamination fluctuates over time, and is currently in a state of expansion towards the southwest. A correlation between rainfall events and contamination spikes was noted in a previous study of the area, however, no such correlation was observed in the more recent data.

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Prativadi, Bayankara Srinivas. "Sorption of cadmium and nickel from solution by peat and modified peat /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,153836.

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Pacholik, Lucy C. "USE OF FUNCTIONALIZED BIMETALLIC MEMBRANES FOR TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER AT A HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/83.

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Providing access to clean drinking water will continue to be a challenge for civil engineers for generations to come. Since many communities around the world rely on groundwater as a source of drinking water, remediation technologies must be implemented at sites where groundwater contamination exists due to years of mismanagement of hazardous waste. Using nanosized zero-valent metals such as iron and zinc embedded within and on the surface of functionalized (PAA) membrane filters has shown to be an effective dechlorination technique for contaminated groundwater. Introducing a noble metal such as Pd or Ni increases reaction rates by acting a catalyst for the dechlorination reaction. This study focuses on the treatment of contaminated groundwater at a hazardous waste site in Louisville, Kentucky. Once a chlorinated organic chemical manufacturing plant, the site now operates a treatment system for the contaminated groundwater to prevent migration into the nearby Ohio River. A portable membrane treatment system, built at the University of Kentucky, incorporates this functionalized bimetallic membrane technology for treatment of the groundwater found at the former manufacturing plant. Three bench scale tests were performed with membrane treatment system using DI water spiked with the chemical trichloroethylene (TCE). Results showed that using the functionalized Fe/Pd membranes significant decreased TCE concentrations over time. While further tests should be conducted to verify the results of the preliminary bench-scale tests, the membrane treatment system shows potential for use at the hazardous waste site in Kentucky.

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Braidwood, David Walter. "Remediation and restoration of ocean exposed cliff-top, in the context of Dounreay (Scotland) nuclear power plant decommissioning." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237241.

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Restoration ecology continues to become ever more relevant as legislation demands we prevent biodiversity losses. Post-industrial restoration sites pose a number of additional challenges, including balancing ecological need with logistical and financial constraints. In the North of Scotland, one such site is the Dounreay Nuclear Power Plant, now undergoing decommissioning. The intention is to restore cliff-top habitat with native vegetation, blending in with its surroundings and necessitating minimal maintenance. The overall objective of this PhD research was to help develop a plan for the restoration of the site. A key challenge in this particular case was the residual low level radioactivity at depth in some areas, and a restoration layer is required to prevent contamination of bioreceptors at the surface, however, topsoil availability is limited. The cliff top site, and exposure to salt spray driven by strong winds, meant the identification of suitable vegetation communities for different areas could be crucial to its success. Vegetation and soil surveys across nine reference sites along the North coast of Scotland identified five non-peat vegetation communities suitable for Dounreay's restoration. Restoration ecology continues to become ever more relevant as legislation demands we prevent biodiversity losses. Post-industrial restoration sites pose a number of additional challenges, including balancing ecological need with logistical and financial constraints. In the North of Scotland, one such site is the Dounreay Nuclear Power Plant, now undergoing decommissioning. The intention is to restore cliff-top habitat with native vegetation, blending in with its surroundings and necessitating minimal maintenance. The overall objective of this PhD research was to help develop a plan for the restoration of the site. A key challenge in this particular case was the residual low level radioactivity at depth in some areas, and a restoration layer is required to prevent contamination of bioreceptors at the surface, however, topsoil availability is limited. The cliff top site, and exposure to salt spray driven by strong winds, meant the identification of suitable vegetation communities for different areas could be crucial to its success. Vegetation and soil surveys across nine reference sites along the North coast of Scotland identified five non-peat vegetation communities suitable for Dounreay's restoration. This prompted the development of a novel concept: that of utilising restoration sites as 'protorefuges' or 'protorefugia', i.e. restoration sites where threatened species at the leading edge of climate change can be translocated ahead of the climate changing. There, they would be joined by individuals of the wider population naturally dispersed as the climate shifts. Overall, these results enabled the development of a refined restoration plan for Dounreay, which takes into account the particular setting, constraints and timelines involved. With the decommissioning of an increasing number of nuclear sites across Britain and Europe taking place in the coming years, this research should be developed further. In particular our novel concept of protorefugia could even be put into practice, benefiting both restoration and conservation.

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Sepulveda, Medina Paola. "Investigating the Role of a Less Uranium Tolerant Strain, Isolated from the Hanford Site Soil, on Uranium Interaction in Polyphosphate Remediation Technology." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1125.

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Bacteria are key players in the processes that govern fate and transport of contaminants. Previous assessment showed that the Arthrobacter oxydans (A.oxydans) G968 strain has a lower ability to tolerate U(VI) toxicity in bicarbonate-free media compared to other isolate A.oxydans G975. The study experimentally investigated several parameters such as the potential of bicarbonate to accelerate U(VI) release from autunite mineral in the presence of a less U(VI) tolerant bacterial strain, in the conditions mimicking Hanford Site subsurface environments. Results showed that despite morphological differences between the two bacterial strains, A.oxydans G968 and G975, they are able to dissolute uranium at the same capacity. The effect of both bacterial strands on autunite dissolution reduces as the concentration of bicarbonate increases. AFM and viability studies showed that samples containing bicarbonate are able to acclimate and withstand uranium toxicity. This study provides a better understanding of the bacterial role in polyphosphate remediation technology and interactions between meta-autunite and microbes.

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Abarca, Betancourt Alberto Javier. "The Stability of Uranium-Bearing Precipitates Created as a Result of Ammonia Gas Injections in the Hanford Site Vadose Zone." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3359.

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Uranium (U) is a crucial contaminant in the Hanford Site. Remediation techniques to prevent contaminant migration of U located in the soils to other important water resources such as the Columbia River are of paramount importance. Given the location of the contaminant in the deep vadose zone, sequestration of U caused by ammonia (NH3) gas injections appears to be a feasible method to decrease U mobility in the contaminated subsurface via pH manipulation, ultimately converting aqueous U mobile phases to lower solubility precipitates that are stable in the natural environment. This study evaluated the stability of those U-bearing precipitates via preparation of artificial precipitates mimicking those that would be created after NH3 gas injections and sequential extractions experiment. Results showed that most of the U was recovered with the extracting solutions targeted to remove uranyl silicates and hard-to-extract U phases, suggesting that U present in the solid particles has strong bonds to the vadose zone sediments, causing the precipitates to be stable and therefore the remediation technology to be effective under the simulated conditions.

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El, Zawily Amr M. "Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the tutH Gene of Thauera Aromatica Strain T1 and Its Potential for Environmental Remediation of Toluene." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1258525960.

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Magagula, Hezekiel Bheki. "Environmental management in military activities of the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5927.

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This thesis presents research findings on current environmental management practices used by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Two case studies are presented; the first is the Grahamstown Military Installation (6 South African Infantry Battalion) and the second the South African Army Combat Training Centre (42 Brigade). A combination of three sampling techniques, namely, the stratified, purposive and link-tracing (snowball) samplings were employed and structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with key SANDF officials were used as primary data. In addition, secondary data sources in the form of inter alia the first and second editions of the Environmental Management Plan for Defence (2001 & 2008 respectively); the development and implementation of environmental education and training in the military: a joint United States-Republic of South Africa Environmental Working Group Project (2003); Overarching Strategic Statement for 2011; Integrated Environmental Management Information Series: Linking Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Systems (2004); The Department of Defence Strategic Plan (2010): Republic of South Africa and the South African Defence Review (2012) were studied. In addition, field observations were also carried out within the two military installations training areas between July, 2011 and November, 2013. Primary data on the conditions of training areas, waste removal after training exercises, pollution prevention measures, and rehabilitation efforts to restore degraded training ranges were collected. Furthermore, composite surface sediment samples and water samples were collected for analysis. A total of fifty-six surface sediments and thirty water samples were analysed for the concentrations of heavy metals using the ICP-MS. These attitudes and perceptions are predominantly positive. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) did not reveal any significant differences in responses, especially, between military ranks. However, sporadic significant differences were found in five of the statements in the questionnaire from respondents with different service periods. Furthermore, the emphasis placed on environmental protection within defence force activities worldwide has compelled the South African Department of Defence and Military Veterans (DoDMV) to regulate the management of the environment within its properties. Yet, these efforts have faced numerous challenges ranging from financial to human resource deficiencies. It was found that environmental management practices and programmes at different military installations vary significantly. Consequently, six environmental management programmes were identified at South African Army Combat Training Centre, while only one environmental management programme was identified at Grahamstown Military Installation. This programme is a collaborative effort between the SANDF/DoDMV and the Department of Water Affairs and Sanitation to eradicate invasive alien plant species. In the light of the analysis of official documents and interviews with respondents, it was established that the DoDMV does not have a budget for environmental management services and environmental management is yet to be incorporated into formal military training programmes. There is a severe shortage of environmentally qualified and knowledgeable personnel within the SANDF. Subsequently, all these drawbacks lead to the failure of the implementation of the Defence Force’s Environmental Management System (EMS) and inadequate management of the environment at military installations of the SANDF. Consequently, these challenges have severely compromised the commitment of the SANDF to honour its environmental management obligations. Such deficiencies tend to undermine the sustainable utilisation of the national assets entrusted to the Defence Force. Therefore, this thesis argues that environmental management programmes for the SANDF are based on a very weak foundation. This thesis proposes an ideal model for the successful implementation of the EMS and management of the environment at SANDF military installations. The analysis of water and soil samples led to the identification and quantification of heavy mental pollutants. The concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were varying between <0.01 to <0.05mg/l, but generally constant. Thus, no significant or meaningful statistical results were obtained. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyse the concentrations of heavy metals obtained in the sediment samples.

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