Academic literature on the topic 'Site-oriented risk assessment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Site-oriented risk assessment"
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Cherdantseva, Yulia, Pete Burnap, Simin Nadjm-Tehrani, and Kevin Jones. "A Configurable Dependency Model of a SCADA System for Goal-Oriented Risk Assessment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 4880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104880.
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A key purpose of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is to enable either an on-site or remote supervisory control and monitoring of physical processes of various natures. In order for a SCADA system to operate safely and securely, a wide range of experts with diverse backgrounds must work in close rapport. It is critical to have an overall view of an entire system at a high level of abstraction which is accessible to all experts involved, and which assists with gauging and assessing risks to the system. Furthermore, a SCADA system is composed of a large number of interconnected technical and non-technical sub-elements, and it is crucial to capture the dependencies between these sub-elements for a comprehensive and rigorous risk assessment. In this paper, we present a generic configurable dependency model of a SCADA system which captures complex dependencies within a system and facilitates goal-oriented risk assessment. The model was developed by collecting and analysing the understanding of the dependencies within a SCADA system from 36 domain experts. We describe a methodology followed for developing the dependency model, present an illustrative example where the generic dependency model is configured for a SCADA system controlling water distribution, and outline an exemplary risk assessment process based on it.
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Aguirre-Ayerbe, Ignacio, Jara Martínez Sánchez, Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga, Pino González-Riancho, María Merino, Sultan Al-Yahyai, Mauricio González, and Raúl Medina. "From tsunami risk assessment to disaster risk reduction – the case of Oman." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (August 24, 2018): 2241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2241-2018.
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Abstract. Oman is located in an area of high seismicity, facing the Makran Subduction Zone, which is the major source of earthquakes in the eastern border of the Arabian plate. These earthquakes, as evidenced by several past events, may trigger a tsunami event. The aim of this work is to minimize the consequences that tsunami events may cause in coastal communities by integrating tsunami risk assessment and risk reduction measures as part of the risk-management preparedness strategy. An integrated risk assessment approach and the analysis of site-specific conditions permitted to propose target-oriented risk reduction measures. The process included a participatory approach, involving a panel of local stakeholders and international experts. One of the main concerns of this work was to obtain a useful outcome for the actual improvement of tsunami risk management in Oman. This goal was achieved through the development of comprehensive and functional management tools such as the Tsunami Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Atlas and the Risk Reduction Measures Handbook, which will help to design and plan a roadmap towards risk reduction. The integrated tsunami risk assessment performed showed that the northern area of Oman would be the most affected, considering both the hazard and vulnerability components. This area also concentrates nearly 50 % of the hot spots identified throughout the country, 70 % of them are located in areas with a very high risk class, in which risk reduction measures were selected and prioritized.
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Tabibzadeh, Maryam, and Gelareh Jahangiri. "A Proactive Risk Assessment Methodology to Enhance Patient Safety: Reducing Wrong Site Surgery as a Preventable Medical Error." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641152.
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Patient safety has been a major area of concern over the last decades in the healthcare industry. The number of preventable medical errors in hospitals has been noticeably high. These errors are more likely to occur in intensive care units including Operating Rooms (ORs). Wrong site surgery is one of the critical sentinel events that occur in healthcare settings. This paper fills an important gap by proposing an integrated, system-oriented methodology for proactive risk assessment of operations in ORs, to specifically analyze the wrong site surgery issue, through the identification and monitoring of appropriate Leading Safety Indicators (LSIs) to evaluate the safety of those operations and generate warning/predicting signals for potential failures. These LSIs are identified across the layers of an introduced framework, which is built on the foundation of the Human-Organization-Technology (HOT) model originally developed by Meshkati (1992). This multi-layered framework captures the contributing causes of wrong site surgery.
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Kawall, Katharina. "The Generic Risks and the Potential of SDN-1 Applications in Crop Plants." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112259.
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The use of site-directed nucleases (SDNs) in crop plants to alter market-oriented traits is expanding rapidly. At the same time, there is an on-going debate around the safety and regulation of crops altered with the site-directed nuclease 1 (SDN-1) technology. SDN-1 applications can be used to induce a variety of genetic alterations ranging from fairly ‘simple’ genetic alterations to complex changes in plant genomes using, for example, multiplexing approaches. The resulting plants can contain modified alleles and associated traits, which are either known or unknown in conventionally bred plants. The European Commission recently published a study on new genomic techniques suggesting an adaption of the current GMO legislation by emphasizing that targeted mutagenesis techniques can produce genomic alterations that can also be obtained by natural mutations or conventional breeding techniques. This review highlights the need for a case-specific risk assessment of crop plants derived from SDN-1 applications considering both the characteristics of the product and the process to ensure a high level of protection of human and animal health and the environment. The published literature on so-called market-oriented traits in crop plants altered with SDN-1 applications is analyzed here to determine the types of SDN-1 application in plants, and to reflect upon the complexity and the naturalness of such products. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential of SDN-1 applications to induce complex alterations in plant genomes that are relevant to generic SDN-associated risks. In summary, it was found that nearly half of plants with so-called market-oriented traits contain complex genomic alterations induced by SDN-1 applications, which may also pose new types of risks. It further underscores the need for data on both the process and the end-product for a case-by-case risk assessment of plants derived from SDN-1 applications.
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Sanuy, Marc, Enrico Duo, Wiebke S. Jäger, Paolo Ciavola, and José A. Jiménez. "Linking source with consequences of coastal storm impacts for climate change and risk reduction scenarios for Mediterranean sandy beaches." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 7 (July 3, 2018): 1825–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1825-2018.
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Abstract. Integrated risk assessment approaches to support coastal managers' decisions when designing plans are increasingly becoming an urgent need. To enable efficient coastal management, possible present and future scenarios must be included, disaster risk reduction measures integrated, and multiple hazards dealt with. In this work, the Bayesian network-based approach to coastal risk assessment was applied and tested at two Mediterranean sandy coasts (Tordera Delta in Spain and Lido degli Estensi–Spina in Italy). Process-oriented models are used to predict hazards at the receptor scale which are converted into impacts through vulnerability relations. In each site, results from 96 simulations under different scenarios are integrated by using a Bayesian-based decision network to link forcing characteristics with expected impacts through conditional probabilities. Consultations with local stakeholders and experts have shown that the tool is valuable for communicating risks and the effects of risk reduction strategies. The tool can therefore be valuable support for coastal decision-making.
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Nikitchenko, Vladimir E., Ekaterina O. Rystsova, and Anastasiya N. Chernysheva. "ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION OF RISKS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LABORATORY MICROBIOLOGICAL CULTURE MEDIA BY FMEA METHOD." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 14, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2019-14-1-90-98.
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At all stages of the production of microbiological nutrient media (MNM), the manufacturer, and in particular, the microbiological laboratories that manufacture the media on site, face many operational risks. The presence of such risks, in almost every critical point of production and further operation of the MNM, is due to the presence of common basic requirements for all MNM, which must be taken into account and respected during their development and preparation; as well as the complexity and laboriousness of the very process of manufacturing high-quality differential-diagnostic and other nutrient media, requiring the availability of all the components necessary for preparing these media, equipment, sterile conditions and qualified personnel. In this regard, there is a need to search for effective methods to identify and prevent undesirable situations associated with the production and use of MNM. The aim of this work was to adapt the risk assessment methodology based on the expert method for analyzing the types and consequences of FMEA failures (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) set out in GOST R ISO 31010-2011 for the needs of microbiological laboratories, including those for veterinary and sanitary expertise, producing microbiological nutrient environments and using them. As part of this work, a comparative analysis of risk assessment methods was carried out in order to select the optimal one; adaptation of the QMS principle - risk-oriented thinking and the FMEA method for risk assessment in the implementation of MNM manufacturing processes in a microbiological laboratory (for example, solid agar media); risk assessment protocol forms were developed; calculations of a quantitative assessment of risk levels were carried out in order to determine the need for preventive actions and their implementation in order to minimize the negative consequences of risk in case of its implementation using the developed protocols. The results showed that this technique can be successfully implemented and used in the claimed area.
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Giuliani, Francesca, Anna De Falco, Valerio Cutini, and Michele Di Sivo. "A simplified methodology for risk analysis of historic centers: the world heritage site of San Gimignano, Italy." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 12, no. 3 (February 11, 2021): 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2020-0029.
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Purpose Worldwide, natural hazards are affecting urban cultural heritage and World Heritage Sites, exacerbating other environmental and human-induced threats deriving from deterioration, uncontrolled urbanization and unsustainable tourism. This paper aims to develop a disaster risk analysis in Italian historic centers because they are complex large-scale systems that are cultural and economic resources for the country, as well as fragile areas. Design/methodology/approach A heritage-oriented qualitative methodology for risk assessment is proposed based upon the formalization of risk as a function of hazard, vulnerability and exposure, taking into account the values of cultural heritage assets. Findings This work provides a contribution to the body of knowledge in the Italian context of disaster risk mitigation on World Heritage Sites, opening for further research on the monitoring and maintenance of the tangible heritage assets. The application to the site of San Gimignano proves the effectiveness of the methodology for proposing preventive measures and actions that ensure the preservation of cultural values and a safer built environment. Originality/value The application of a value-based simplified approach to risk analysis is a novelty for historic centers that are listed as World Heritage Sites.
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Toğan, Vedat, Fatemeh Mostofi, Yunus Ayözen, and Onur Behzat Tokdemir. "Customized AutoML: An Automated Machine Learning System for Predicting Severity of Construction Accidents." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111933.
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Construction companies are under pressure to enhance their site safety condition, being constantly challenged by rapid technological advancements, growing public concern, and fierce competition. To enhance construction site safety, literature investigated Machine Learning (ML) approaches as risk assessment (RA) tools. However, their deployment requires knowledge for selecting, training, testing, and employing the most appropriate ML predictor. While different ML approaches are recommended by literature, their practicality at construction sites is constrained by the availability, knowledge, and experience of data scientists familiar with the construction sector. This study develops an automated ML system that automatically trains and evaluates different ML to select the most accurate ML-based construction accident severity predictors for the use of construction professionals with limited data science knowledge. A real-life accident dataset is evaluated through automated ML approaches: Auto-Sklearn, AutoKeras, and customized AutoML. The investigated AutoML approaches offer higher scalability, accuracy, and result-oriented severity insight due to their simple input requirements and automated procedures.
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Afzal, Muneeb, and Muhammad Tariq Shafiq. "Evaluating 4D-BIM and VR for Effective Safety Communication and Training: A Case Study of Multilingual Construction Job-Site Crew." Buildings 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080319.
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Effective safety management is a key aspect of managing construction projects. Current safety management practices are heavily document-oriented that rely on historical data to identify potential hazards at a construction job site. Such document-bound safety practices are prone to interpretative and communication errors in multilingual construction environments, such as in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Applications of Building Information Models (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) are claimed to improve hazards identification and communication in comparison to 2-D static drawings by simulating job-site conditions and safety implications and thus can interactively educate the job-site crew to enhance their understanding of the on-site conditions and safety requirements. This paper presents findings of a case study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 4-Dimensional (4-D) BIM and VR in simulating job-site safety instructions for a multilingual construction crew at a project in the UAE. 4-D BIM-enabled VR simulations, in lieu of the Abu Dhabi Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHAD) code of practice, were developed and tested through risk assessment and safety training exercises for the job-site crew. The results showed a significant improvement in the job-site crew’s ability to recognize a hazard, understand safety protocols, and incorporate proactive risk response in mitigating the hazards. This study concludes that 4-D BIM-enabled VR visualization can improve information flow and knowledge exchange in a multilingual environment where jobsite crew do not speak a common language and cannot understand written safety instructions, manuals, and documents in any common language due to linguistic diversity. The findings of this study are useful in communicating safety instructions, and safety training, in the UAE, as well as in international projects.
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Skrypnyk, O., M. Vorozhbiian, M. Ivashchenko, and V. Abrakitov. "INFORMATION SIMULATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AT CONSTRUCTION SITE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 168 (March 25, 2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-1-168-121-128.
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One of the directions of the economic development of the state is the construction industry, in which the issues of labor protection and improving safety are extremely acute, since its effective growth depends on the solution of this issue. With the development of scientific and technological progress, as well as digital technologies, the question of the possible application of this area in matters of ensuring the safety of production processes becomes relevant. Today, in the construction industry, BIM technologies are actively being used. BIM (Building Information Modeling) - Building information modeling is the process of creating an integrated model of the future construction project, which includes all stages of the life cycle of the project from the design stage to the dismantling stage. BIM technology is the very tool that shows how to improve the interaction of all project participants. BIM is based on a three-dimensional information model. The information model of the building means obtaining full information about the future construction site according to the most popular sections of the design documentation. This technology is a universal information platform that allows you to integrate various software modules into the BIM model of investment and construction projects. Thanks to this approach, it became possible to digitize construction production while monitoring the safety of work, as well as labor protection using a risk-oriented approach. Considering the application of this technology and the result, it can be seen that all research is aimed mainly at the work of designers. However, if we consider BIM technology as an information platform (base) on which new software products (complexes) can be superimposed, then we can create a qualitatively different approach in the application of this technology. In particular, it is possible to review the approach to the assessment of industrial safety and labor protection, in another perspective to approach the scheduling of construction schedules, consider the possibility of applying such programs in the assessment of construction and installation risks during the implementation of the investment and construction project. The article discusses 3D modeling of objects, such as a construction site. Individual areas with boundary assignment were analyzed to assess the degree of safety in these areas. To assess the state of labor protection, a breakdown of the studied object to 100 square meters was adopted. The stage of determining the most hazardous production factors, as well as possible risks that may be involved in the construction work has been investigated. According to the results of ranking of hazardous and harmful production factors, hazard zones are determined regardless of the type of construction and installation work. Based on the distribution of hazard zones (boundaries), it is possible to rank safety levels that characterize the safety situation at the construction site. The Construction Safety Index allows you to identify the processes and factors that most affect labor safety, which makes it possible for inspectors to most effectively correct the selection of protective measures at the construction site.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Site-oriented risk assessment"
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IPPOLITO, ALESSIO. "Plant protection product risk assessment for aquatic ecosystems: evaluation of effects in natural communities." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/30471.
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The level of alteration in response to the same level of exposure can vary greatly among different ecosystems: in particular, effects provoked by chemicals are not only relying on their “absolute toxicity” and on their concentration, but also on the ecological vulnerability of the system. Vulnerability is often overlooked in current risk assessment procedure, but its knowledge is pivotal in site-specific studies, where the object of the protection is shifted from a generic scenario to a real ecological system. The study of ecological vulnerability confirms that risk assessment, as becoming site-specific, needs more ecological knowledge. In this path, the use of ecological and biological traits of organisms has proven to be a promising approach to evaluate the ecological vulnerability at different level of biological organization.
In this work the issue of the ecological vulnerability has been considered from several different perspectives, using multiples methodologies and working at completely different scales. The leading thread is to show how an ecologically based approach can enhance our understanding of environmental processes and thus improving risk assessment methodologies.
Book chapters on the topic "Site-oriented risk assessment"
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Hernández, Mario, Philippe De Maeyer, Luc Zwartjes, and Antonio Benavides Castillo. "Geoheritage to Support Heritage Authorities: Research Case Studies on Maya Archaeological Sites." In 50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation, 349–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05660-4_27.
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AbstractSince the adoption of the World Heritage Convention (1972), modern technologies have significantly changed the way our society behaves and operates, with an increased demand for energy, fast and reliable communications, etc. Some modern technologies might contribute to negative impacts on heritage sites, e.g. through climate change and/or excessive tourism; however, modern digital technologies can also be extremely beneficial for heritage activities. In this paper, we focus on how modern digital geo-science and geo-technology can support heritage authorities’ daily work. We introduce herein the concept of digital Geoheritage, which can help heritage authorities to discover and understand the enormous benefits that geomatics can provide for their daily heritage activities. This research case, implemented through an interdisciplinary scientific approach, originally aimed to support the preservation, restoration and management of a cultural heritage site; however, it was later expanded to also support archaeological research, stability risk assessment, planning, design, education, dissemination and promotion. The use of digital geo-sciences for the benefit of the local Maya communities living around a heritage site is also illustrated. Our objective, within the current book, was to present a paper that is oriented toward heritage authorities, and, therefore, technical language has been avoided.
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Stafford, Peter J. "Risk Oriented Earthquake Hazard Assessment: Influence of Spatial Discretisation and Non-ergodic Ground-Motion Models." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 169–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_8.
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AbstractThree important aspects of ground-motion modelling for regional or portfolio risk analyses are discussed. The first issue is the treatment of discretisation of continuous ground-motion fields for generating spatially correlated discrete fields. Shortcomings of the present approach in which correlation models based upon point estimates of ground motions are used to represent correlations within and between spatial regions are highlighted. It is shown that risk results will be dependent upon the chosen spatial resolution if the effects of discretisation are not adequately treated. Two aspects of non-ergodic groundmotion modelling are then discussed. Correlation models generally used within risk modelling are traditionally based upon very simple partitioning of ground-motion residuals. As regional risk analyses move to non-ergodic applications where systematic site effects are considered, these correlation models (both inter-period and spatial models) need to be revised. The nature of these revisions are shown herein. Finally, evidence for significantly reduced between-event variability within earthquake sequences is presented. The ability to progressively constrain location and sequence-dependent systematic offsets from ergodic models as earthquake sequences develop can have significant implications for aftershock risk assessments.
Conference papers on the topic "Site-oriented risk assessment"
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Sauve, Louise, Cathia Papi, Guillaume Desjardins, and Serge Gerin Lajoie. "Understanding dropout in distance and online learning by taking into account multiple factors." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002411.
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While extensive research has investigated why students drop out of university, most of this research has focused on campus-based training in the first year of university, or on some of the many elements that influence a student's life and learning pathway. Based on theoretical models of distance education dropout, we identified similar variables to those for on-campus learning but with effects that differ in importance. The objective of this research was to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, marital and family status), academic variables (e.g., study regime, parents’ levels of education), environmental characteristics (e.g., support from family and friends, financial and work situations), learning strategies (e.g. planning, performance, and reflection), the pedagogical organization of courses (e.g. technological tools, learning activities, and learning aids) and support for learning (e.g. interactions with tutors and peers) influenced students’ propensity to drop a course or their program of study in distance and online learning (DOL). This study used a questionnaire, a course analysis grid, and focus groups. For our sample of 791 students enrolled in a francophone DOL institution in Quebec, Canada, socio-demographic and academic variables largely explained their propensity to drop out. Learning strategies did not seem to be associated with dropping out of the course but were associated with not re-enrolling in the institution. For students who did not re-enrol after two sessions of study, the analysis of learning strategies in relation to socio-demographic, academic, and environmental variables identified thirteen predictive variables. The fewer learning strategies used by a student, as reported in the reflection phase of the study, the greater the likelihood that the student would drop out of their institution. Analyzing courses’ pedagogical organization allowed us to group the courses into five course models; the course model, when taken out of context, could not explain the propensity of students to drop out of a course, but it did contribute when we controlled for the socio-demographic and academic variables of the sample. For example, the study found that marital status and family status are two student-specific factors associated with the risk of course drop-out, but only in courses closer to course type 2 (oriented to formative assessment activities and Web site visits) and 4 (oriented to formative assessment activities and video viewing). For the other types of courses (1, 3 and 5), which are oriented towards reading text and practical exercises, these variables do not play a determining role in explaining dropout.Analyzing learning support showed that the support received is, on the whole, appropriate for the students. However, they are not fully satisfied. Some of the students would like to have more opportunities to interact with tutors in the form of individualized support and with their peers to reduce isolation and study stress. These exchanges would encourage greater perseverance, depending on the family and professional situation of certain students. For example, students who work full time and have a family have less need for interaction in their courses than those who do not work.