Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sisters in literature'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sisters in literature.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sisters in literature.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Marshall, Courtney Denine. "Sisters in crime black femininity, law, and literature in American culture /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971758521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
2
Neufeld, Christine Marie. "Xanthippe's sisters : orality and femininity in the later Middle Ages." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38251.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation contributes to medieval feminist scholarship by forging new insights into the relationship between gender theory and developing notions of orality and textuality in late medieval Europe. I examine three conventional satirical depictions of women as deviant speakers in medieval literature---as loquacious gossips, scolding shrews and cursing witches---to reveal how medieval perceptions of oral and textual discursive modes influenced literary representations of women. The dissertation demonstrates that our comprehension of the literary battle between the sexes requires a recognition and understanding of how discursive modes were gendered in a culture increasingly defining itself in terms of textuality. My work pursues the juxtaposition of the rational, literate male and the irrational, oral female across a wide range of texts, from Dunbar and Chaucer's courtly literature, to more socially diffused works, such as carols, sermon exempla and the Deluge mystery plays, as well as texts, like Margery Kempe's autobiography and witchcraft documents, that pertain to historical women. I demonstrate the social impact of this convention by anchoring these literary texts in their socio-historical context. The significance of my identification of this nexus of orality and femininity is that I am able to delineate an ideology profoundly affecting the way women's speech and writings have been received and perceived for centuries. This notion of gendered discourse can also redefine how we perceive medieval literature. Mikhail Bakhtin's discursive principles---ideas that stem from his application of the dynamics of oral communication and performance to the literary text---help to liberate new meanings from old texts by allowing us to read against the grain of convention. Both Bakhtin's theory of dialogism and Walter Ong's summary of the psychodynamics of orality suggest that orally influenced discourse is less interested in monolithic truth than in the art of tellin
3
Wang, Lisa. "The uses of theological discourse in the novels of the Bronte sisters." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267292.
Full text
4
Blanchard, Jennifer P. "More or less than kind: Brothers and sisters in nineteenth-century American literature." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623511.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigates the under-examined relationships between sibling characters in nineteenth-century American literature (1852-1900). Focusing on the depictions of siblinghood in such works as Herman Melville's Pierre, Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, Charles Chesnutt's The House Behind the Cedars, and Edith Wharton's Bunner Sisters, I explore how nineteenth-century American authors construct, comment on, and use the sibling bond as an attempt to reconcile tensions of personal and collective identity and the competing drives for family ties and individual experience. In these fictions and others, I argue, siblinghood is a space where the rules of relation are negotiable and unfixed---where brothers and sisters use each other variously as partners in sympathetic union, extensions of their selves, and objects of identification, and do so in ways both supportive of and detrimental to one another. I read these texts with an eye on siblinghood to suggest new perspectives on major nineteenth-century fictions, as well as new ways of thinking about the nineteenth-century family.;In the first chapter, I argue that Melville's Pierre is a seduction novel, in which the site of seduction is the double promise of siblinghood to offer a close and sympathetic relation and the opportunity for virtuous or heroic performance. My second chapter looks at how Louisa May Alcott's Little Women exposes a significant (yet largely unacknowledged) cruelty at the heart of the nineteenth-century American family: that siblings are taught to invest their energies and their affections in one another in youth, but they are also taught that marriage is their goal-which takes them out of their home, and away from their brothers and sisters. Chapter Three explores the significance of the many adult and elderly sister pairs in local color literature of the late nineteenth century, arguing that the depiction of siblings living in close, marriage-like relationships---far beyond the period of time that most siblings share an intimate bond under the same roof---is part of these fictions' larger project of describing and preserving a United States in the midst of massive and rapid change. and Chapter Four investigates the many nineteenth-century authors who set their novels and stories in motion by separating two siblings on opposite sides of the color line, then exploring their relationships and identities as a result of this split.
5
Leslie, Lisa Diane. "'How can I exist apart from my sister?' : sisters in the life and literature of Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley, and Claire Clairmont." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369536.
Full text
6
Markar, Nazreena Imran. "Sisters to Scheherazade : revisioned histories of gender and nation in postcolonial African and Asian women's literature." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1753.
Full textAbstract:
Traversing geographical boundaries and cultural locations, and using a comparative, crosscultural framework, this thesis examines and critiques a selected range of women's writings from postcolonial Africa and Asia. It foregrounds the works of Assia Djebar, Mariama Ba, Ama Ata Aidoo, Nayantara Sahgal and Attia Hosain and outlines the processes through which women writers decentre imperialist, patriarchal underpinnings of the grand recit, defy conventions of autobiographical practice, make sense of a feminized past and revision a different collective personal history that has emancipatory potential for women and other oppressed groups. Referring to Eurocentric "male-stream" histories that have systematically thrust women to the margins, the study illustrates through a variety of literary texts and genres the complex ways in which past histories have obliterated women's presence and voiceconsciousness. While appraising diverse textual strategies of narratives, it discusses the "fictional" nature of historical work and the underlying ideologies framing supposedly "truthful" archival records; the ambivalent role of the historian; the gaps and fissures in historical memory; and the significance of history as a palimpsest. By excavating subsumed histories and "spectres" of the past, the study assesses the way specific texts reconstruct totalizing masculinist chronicles and counterpoise them with alternative feminine inscriptions that are multi-layered and polyphonic, and sometimes also fragmented, "silent" and inconclusive. Additionally, the thesis demonstrates how the process of overwriting the palimpsest has situated women in pivotal positions to articulate issues relevant to a dialogue between gender and nation/atism. The strategic role women have undertaken in decolonization processes worldwide, the ambivalent attitude of male nationalists to women's concerns after independence, and the multiple dilemmas confronting women in a globalized neoimperial world scenario are central to this discussion. Here, the thesis also probes the implications of veiling for Muslim women of contemporary times, sex-segregation based on an antiquated ideology of purdah, women's (limited) access to public space, and the question of agency and women's voice-consciousness. The study highlights current global conditions (such as modern migrations and economic transnationalism) and multiple categories of race, class, gender and ethnicity that intersect in complex ways to represent the Otherized identities of women.
7
Johnson, Kathleen Nadine. "Sisters in sin : the image of the prostitute on the New York stage (1899-1918) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10217.
Full text
8
Hill, Kaitlyn. "Shahrazad in Appalachia: Surviving Violence Through Stories and the Support of “Sisters”." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/563.
Full textAbstract:
When women are lured away from home, they become vulnerable and cannot survive the violence inflicted upon them by their ‘lovers.’ This thesis explores the ties between two distinct cultural regions, Arabic and Appalachian, to examine the violence against women and what allows these women to escape such situations by using Hanan al-Shaykh’s One Thousand and One Nights: A Retelling and three traditional Appalachian murdered girl ballads.
Many of the women in these stories die at the hands of their ‘lovers,’ regardless of their culture of origin. Once removed from their fellow women, they lack a support system that would allow them the strength to survive. While most of the women in these tales die at the hands of their ‘lovers,’ Shahrazad of One Thousand and One Nights: A Retelling survives because she is able to take back some control of the situation by telling her own story, instead of allowing it to be told for her. She survives the bleak situation she has been put in through the support of her sister, who makes it possible for Shahrazad to continue telling her stories. The support Shahrazad receives from her sister allows her to not only save herself, but also to save the lives of other women. This thesis concludes that it is this “sister” support that enables women to survive the violence consistently thrown at them and allows them to take back control of their own narratives.
9
Baker, Laci J. "Motherless Women Writers: The Affect on Plot and Character in the Brontë Sisters’ Novels." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/187.
Full textAbstract:
Through the use of biographical materials, and three selected works from Charlotte, Anne, and Emily Bronte, parallels were found between their lives, character design, and the plot of their works. The lack of a mother figure in the lives of the Bronte sisters caused their upbringing to differ from that of other children, and as a result influenced their perspective of the world. Motherless female characters were found in each of the three novels by the Bronte sisters and in each instance commonalities were shared with the author of the work, to a degree that indicates that the lives that the sisters led, was the inspiration for the stories they created. After investigating whether or not the novels created by the Bronte sisters were influenced by the lack of a mother figure, the conclusion reached, is that this absence had an immense influence throughout their lives, and based on more than one account, helped shape the design of each of their respective works.
10
Photinos, Christie. "Villainous vagrants, hard-travelin' hoboes, and sisters of the road : the figure of the tramp in American literature, 1873-1939 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984303.
Full text
11
Minto, Deonne Nicole. "Sisters in the spirit transnational constructions of diaspora in late twentieth-century black women's literature of the Americas /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6790.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
12
Walton, Ashley Noelle. "Power by Possession: Cuban-American Types and Collecting in The Agüero Sisters." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3001.
Full textAbstract:
Although many other ethnic and cultural studies have moved beyond essentialist labels and categories, Cuban-American studies persists in categorizing the people belonging to the cultural group in terms of how much time they have spent in Cuba, thus creating a hierarchy of "authentic" Cuban-ness. Isabel Alvarez Borland gives a comprehensive overview of Cuban-American literary categories, and through her description we can see how these categories may lend themselves to stratification. These categories include: the first generation, the second generation, the one-and-a-halfer, and the ethnic writer. To say that one generation of Cuban exiles is more or less authentically Cuban discounts the emotional connection of individuals to a homeland—a homeland that is now different for each generation, and therefore, all Cuban-Americans live with constructed ideas of Cuba that are not necessarily reflective of a "reality" of Cuba. Nevertheless, this does not necessarily mean that any of these individuals are any less Cuban or any less culturally or emotionally impacted by Cuba, as evidenced by someone like Cristina García who delves into Cuban culture in her writing and studying. The Agüero Sisters by Cristina García, can be read as a critique of this cultural categorization through the way in which characters in the novel obsess over taxonomizing animals and even other people. It seems in order for Cuban-American studies to move forward productively, these labels must be revised.
13
Park, Kyung Ran. "Philomela and her sisters : explorations of sexual violence in plays by British contemporary women dramatists." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55822/.
Full textAbstract:
The theme of this thesis is women and violence explored in eleven plays by British contemporary women playwrights in the 1980s and 1990s. In order to explore these plays, I have made investigations into a basic knowledge of violence against women in the Introduction. Violence against women is also called sexual violence or gender-related violence. The knowledge I have gained includes how sexual violence is defined; why sexual violence occurs; what kinds of sexual violence there are; how people perceive sexual violence. My definition is that any act which limits the autonomy of women constitutes sexual violence. Based on a variety of definitions by feminist scholars, there are many forms of sexual violence in women's history around the world. As a result, I have found out the continuity, diversity, and universality of women's pain. The nature of sexual violence has been mistaken by many people from the perspective of prevailing myths about women's sexuality. Because of them, many women and female children become double victims. Having understood the true nature of sexual violence, I have selected eleven plays which explore women and violence: The Love of the Nightingale (1988) by Timberlake Wertenbaker; Crux (1991) by April de Angelis; The Taking of Liberty (1992) by Cheryl Robson; Augustine (Big Hysteria) (1991) by Anna Furse; The Gut Girls (1988) by Sarah Daniels; Ficky Stingers (1986) by Eve Lewis; Beside Herself (1990) by Sarah Daniels; Thatcher's Women (1987) by Kay Adshead; Money to Live (1984) by Jacqueline Rudet; Low Level Panic (1988) by Clare McIntyre; Masterpieces (1984) by Sarah Daniels. The thesis is divided into two parts depending on whether the plays are set in the past or present in order to identify the continuity of sexual violence. They depict the exercise of men's power through sexual violence. In the plays women experience violence committed by men and then they are silenced. However, the women demonstrate their fighting spirit and regain their voice or find ways to express themselves. Women's hope for change is expressed through theatre.
14
Murray, Amanda M. ""My sisters, don't be afraid of the words, 'old maid'" demarginalizing the spinster in Louisa May Alcott /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1827435581&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
15
Blumberg, Lucy E. "A Tale of Two Sisters: An Exploration of the Marquis de Sade and 21st Century Western Cultural Production." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/717.
Full textAbstract:
The Marquis de Sade has a notorious reputation amongst academics as a continuous figure of fictional and cultural studies. His characters, stories, and writings carry weight in modern interpretations of gender dynamics, pornographic aesthetics, and the alternative fantastical. This thesis will explore the Marquis de Sade’s most famous characters, Justine and Juliette, as means to define the Marquis’ significance to 21st Century Western culture production, particularly in Lars Von Trier’s Antichrist and E.L. James’ Fifty Shades of Grey. Exploring the female protagonists (or main characters) of the separate works, the correlations of subjugation, constructed morality, and the constructs of femininity become important markers for understanding the Marquis’ dissemination of his philosophies on gender, violence, and indulgent sexuality that leads to conversations on pornographic aesthetics in our modern period. Despite being dead for nearly 200 years, the Marquis de Sade’s relevance parades on in ideologies regarding female identity and sexual desires of the extreme.
16
Oinonen, Marta. ""Isolate a honeybee from her sisters and she will soon die" : Discussing sensitive issues in the Swedish EFL classroom based on Sue Monk Kidd's The Secret Life of Bees." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82399.
Full textAbstract:
This essay argues that literature enhances the discussions of sensitive issues in a Swedish EFL classroom. Building on reader-response theory and Judith A. Langer's envisionment building, the themes affinity, suicide and discrimination found in Sue Monk Kidd's novel The Secret Life of Bees could be discussed. The reader-response theory gives the pupils an emotional outlet that the envisionment builds on. However, the identified themes also need to be critically analysed to create rewarding discussions, and to be able to fulfil Langer's envisionment. This will hopefully make the pupils think more deeply about these social issues and question their own possible prejudices.
17
Curtis, Katherine. "Sisterhood Articulates a New Definition of Moral Female Identity: Jane Austen's Adaptation of the Eighteenth-Century Tradition." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2213.
Full textAbstract:
Writing at a moment of ideological crisis between individualism and hierarchical society, Jane Austen asserts a definition of moral behavior and female identity that mediates the two value systems. I argue that Austen most effectively articulates her belief in women s moral autonomy and social responsibility in her novels through her portrayal of sisterhood. Austen reshapes the stereotype of sisters and female friendships as dangerous found in her domestic novel predecessors. While recognizing women s social vulnerability, which endangers female friendship and turns it into a site of competition, Austen urges the morality of selflessly embracing sisterhood anyway. An Austen heroine must overcome sisterly rivalry if she is to achieve the moral strength Austen demands of her. As Mansfield Park (1814) and Pride and Prejudice (1813) demonstrate, such rivalry reveals the flawed morality of both individualism and patrilineal society. I further argue that in these novels sisterhood articulates the internally motivated selflessness Austen makes her moral standard. Sisterhood not only indicates female morality for Austen, it also enables this character. Rejecting Rousseau s proposal of men shaping malleable female minds, Austen pronounces sisters to be the best moral guides. In Northanger Abbey (1818), Austen shows the failure of the man to educate our heroine and the success of his sister. In Sense and Sensibility (1811), Austen pinpoints the source of sisterly education s success in its feminine context of nurture, affection, intimacy, and subtlety. With this portrait of sisterhood, Austen adheres to the moral authority inherent in Burkean philosophy while advocating individual responsibility, not external regulation, to choose selfless behavior. Austen further promotes gender equality by expressing women s moral autonomy, while supporting gender distinctions that privilege femininity. By offering such powerful, complex sister relationships, Austen transforms eighteenth-century literary thought about women, sisters, and morality.M.A.
Department of English
Arts and Humanities
English MA
18
Nagarajan, Neeraja. "Found Family: A Novel." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586034750865844.
Full text
19
Albertson, Jennifer. "In two minds (novel) ; and A singular voice (dissertation)." University of Western Australia. English and Cultural Studies Discipline Group, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0105.
Full textAbstract:
20
Mortimer, Julia Margaret. "From the body of the religious to the religious body : the influence of the Middle English writings of St.Bridget of Sweden on fifteenth century instructional literature for the sisters of Syon Abbey." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271288.
Full text
21
Kramer, Angela C. "Everything Endlessly Rising." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu161659952570974.
Full text
22
Sison, Jessica Lauren. "ReSisters: an examination of sororal resistance in the works of Christian Rossetti, Wilkie Collins and Margaret Oliphant." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1495.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
English Literature
23
Barbosa, Tieza Tissi. "As partituras de Stanislávski para As três irmãs, de Tchekhov: tradução e análise da composição espacial da encenação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8155/tde-28022013-115838/.
Full textAbstract:
Um dos primeiros e principais encenadores do século XX, Konstantin S. Stanislávski é amplamente conhecido por suas obras voltadas ao ator. Suas encenações, que fascinaram o público russo e das principais capitais do mundo e influenciaram o teatro ocidental, não são tão discutidas e estudadas. O presente trabalho traz em tradução direta da língua russa, inédita em português, as Partituras de Encenação de Stanislávski para a montagem do texto As três irmãs, de Anton Tchekhov, também em nova tradução direta. O encontro entre K. Stansilávski e A. Tchekhov foi de extrema importância para a construção da identidade artística do Teatro de Arte de Moscou (TAM), uma das mais importantes companhias de teatro do mundo. Os vestígios desse encontro estão minuciosamente sistematizados nas Partituras de Stanislávski. Apoiado no texto dramático o encenador criou centenas de notas esclarecendo desde entonações da fala das personagens até ruídos externos e detalhes da maquinaria cênica. Com a leitura dessas partituras torna-se possível imaginar a montagem do TAM e compreender que tipo de diálogo o encenador estabelece com o texto dramático de Tchekhov.One of the twenty centurys first and most important theatre directors, Konstantin S. Stanislavsky is also broadly known for his studies and researches on acting. Despite fascinating audiences in Russia and in the main capitals of the world, influencing most of the western theatre, Stanislavskys stagings have not been entirely analised or discussed. The current study is a unique translation into Portuguese of Stanislavskis staging scores to the play Three sisters by A. Chekhov. In addition, it presents a new translation of the play, also directly from Russian. The meeting between K. Stanislavski and A. Chekhov was essential for the construction of an artistic identity for the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT), one of the worlds leading theatre companies. Traces of this gathering are carefully detailed on Stanislavskys staging scores. Based on Chekhovs text, the director created hundreds of notes clarifying since the intonation of characters voices and external sounds to details of sets. By analising Stanislavskys staging scores it is possible to imagine MATs production as well as comprehend the type of dialogue the director establishes with Chekhovs dramatic text.
24
Brooks, Amber Nicole. "Barb & Debbie." restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-133705/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.F.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Josh Russell, committee chair ; John Holman, Sheri Joseph, committee members. Electronic text (152 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 9, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152).
25
Cecchin, Aline Brustulin. "Poetas em "reunião" : o grupo matrícula e a consolidação de um sistema literário regional na serra gaúcha." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2014. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/849.
Full textAbstract:
O tema da presente dissertação consiste na investigação acerca da contribuição do Grupo Matrícula para a consolidação de um sistema literário regional na Serra Gaúcha. Ao compreender a literatura como um sistema particular, serão analisados elementos de produção, publicação e circulação em relação ao Grupo. Sob esse viés, fazem parte do sistema escritores, leitores e obras, e também editoras, universidades, livrarias, bibliotecas, análises críticas e outros. Será ainda observado o ambiente literário em que surge a antologia, assim como o ambiente que emerge após a sua publicação. À luz da sociologia da literatura, parte-se da totalidade de um sistema literário e, gradativamente, reduz-se ao sistema literário regional da Serra Gaúcha, para, finalmente, verificar o papel do Grupo Matrícula na consolidação desse sistema. Para tanto, servirão como aporte teórico os estudos sobre região cultural, regionalidades, literatura regional e sistemas literários. Os fatores sociais e culturais específicos de uma região, que agem sobre a produção e recepção da literatura, as instituições que constituem uma paisagem literária regional, assim como as condições de leitura e público literário são elementos investigativos da pesquisa em questão que contribuem para que se compreenda a vida literária na Serra Gaúcha, entre os anos de 1950 e 1980.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2014-12-04T18:02:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Aline Brustulin Cecchin.pdf: 3666954 bytes, checksum: ee39bd1860c65405bb91911eca676040 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T18:02:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Aline Brustulin Cecchin.pdf: 3666954 bytes, checksum: ee39bd1860c65405bb91911eca676040 (MD5)
The topic studied in this master’s thesis is the investigation about the contribution of Grupo Matrícula to consolidate a regional literary system in Serra Gaúcha. Understanding the literature like a particular system, elements of production will be analyzed, as the publication, and diffusion in relation to the group. Writers, readers, books, publishing houses, universities, libraries, bookstores, and critical analysis are part of this system. The literary landscape, where the anthology arises, will be observed, and, also, the literary configuration after that. Based on the sociology of literature, this research is firstly developed considering a literary system in its totality, and, gradually, it reduces to the regional literary system in Serra Gaúcha, and, finally, it verifies the role of the Grupo Matrícula in the consolidation of a system. The studies about cultural region, regionalities, regional literature and literary systems will be used as theoretical basis. The social and cultural factors of a region that act on the production and reception of literature, the institutions that constitute a regional literary landscape, and, also, the conditions of reading and the literary public are investigating elements of this work. They contribute to understand the literary life in Serra Gaúcha, between 1950 and 1980.
26
Pomari, Gerson Luis. "Vício e verso - as histórias ilustradas de Wilhelm Busch no sistema literário brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-10112009-151153/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese estuda a presença das histórias ilustradas de Wilhelm Busch (1832- 1908) no sistema literário brasileiro. Para tanto, ela analisa como o sistema literário alemão, registra a produção de Busch e como esta se constrói a partir de dois pólos de influência: a tendência humorística do periódico Fliegende Blätter (1845-1944), de que as histórias ilustradas buschianas parecem herdar uma porção, e a postura crítica em relação ao contexto sócio-histórico da comunidade de expressão alemã na segunda metade do século XIX, com o qual as histórias ilustradas buschianas mantêm uma relação dialógica. O estudo que aqui se desenvolve parte da prática da reflexão sobre o texto literário, de sua leitura e análise, a partir das quais foi possível encarar as histórias ilustradas buschianas não como fenômeno isolado de seu contexto nem como puro reflexo dele, mas como um dos elementos que influenciam e são influenciados no conglomerado sistêmico que é o ambiente cultural e literário de uma nação. Com essa concepção, este trabalho revela que, em que pese a permanência de sua obra no horizonte da literatura brasileira desde sua primeira tradução, em 1901, a imagem de Busch no cânone literário brasileiro, ou da literatura alemã instituído a partir do Brasil, apresenta uma assimetria com a que ele têm no sistema cultural alemão. Tal assimetria decorre da redução do potencial de significação que as histórias ilustradas buschianas apresentam nas suas versões traduzidas para o português, resultante da atuação de alguns dos agentes literários envolvidos nesse processo de transposição intercultural.The present thesis points out the presence of Wilhelm Buschs picture stories (1832-1908) in the Brazilian literary system. For that matter, it analyses how the German literary system registers Buschs production and how it is constructed from two influence poles: the humorous tendency of the weekly German humor magazine Fliegende Blätter (1845-1944), from which it seems to have inherited a portion, and the critical posture related to the socio-historic context of the expressive German community in the second half of the XIX century, with which Buschs picture stories has a dialogic relationship. The study that here develops comes from the reflection about the literary text, its reading and analysis, from which it is possible to face Buschs picture stories, not as a phenomenon isolated from its context or as its reflex, but as one of the elements that both influence and are influenced within the systemic conglomerate, which is a nations cultural and literary atmosphere. With that conception in mind, this paper reveals that, despite the perpetuation of this work on the Brazilian literature horizon starting with its first translation, in 1901, Buschs image in the Brazilian literary canon, or the German literature established from Brazil, presents an asymmetry in relation to the one he has in the German cultural system. Such asymmetry comes from the reduction of the potential of meaning that Buschs picture stories bear in their versions translated into Portuguese, as a result of some of the literary agents involved in this intercultural transposition process.
27
Santana, Regiane Cristina Moi Cunha. ""Envelhecimento do sistema tegumentar: revisão sistemática da literatura"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-18052004-103619/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de identificar o conhecimento sobre o envelhecimento do sistema tegumentar, caracterizado como senescência, apesar da ocorrência de diversas patologias na pele a ela associadas, este trabalho utilizou o método da revisão integrativa da literatura (Ganong, 1987). A análise dos artigos foi quantitativa e qualitativa, firmada num roteiro de coleta de dados seguindo seis critérios de identificação a seguir: autor; profissão e local de atuação; país de origem e periódicos; características da amostra estudada; tipos de modelos do estudo; objetivos da pesquisa; conhecimentos sobre o tema definido para estudo. A amostra foi composta de cinqüenta e sete publicações, sendo a maioria na língua inglesa. Os objetivos definidos pelos pesquisadores envolveram: níveis de elastina, funções da pele nos idosos, avanços na genética molecular, acúmulo de apagamento DNA de mitocôndrias com envelhecimento da pele, níveis de ácido hialurônico, envelhecimento cutâneo e dermatoses geriátricas, colágeno na pele e massa óssea durante o envelhecimento, e manchas de pessoas que foram radiadas. Como o envelhecimento da pele está associado não só ao critério cronológico, mas, também, a aspectos externos relativos ao modo de vida das pessoas, como a exemplo, tipos de dieta, exposição ao sol e saúde emocional, entre outros, é importante conhecer as implicações intrínsecas ao avanço da idade, para buscar alternativas que minimizem os impactos sofridos pelo envelhecimento. Revela-se neste estudo o envelhecimento intrínseco, extrínseco e principais modificações epidérmicas e dérmicas no envelhecimento, apontando a necessidade de continuidade de pesquisas voltadas às alterações do sistema tegumentar do idoso e, principalmente, estudos e experimentos nacionais nessa área.With a view to identifying knowledge about the ageing process of the tegumental system, characterized as senescence, in spite of the occurrence of different related skin conditions, this study used the integrative method (Ganong, 1987) for reviewing literature about the tegumental system. The articles were analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively, on the basis of a data collection script in accordance with the following six identification criteria: author; profession and affiliation; country of origin and periodicals; characteristics of the studied sample; types of study models; research aims; knowledge about the subject under analysis. The sample consisted of fifty-seven publications, most of which were written in English. The research aims involved: levels of elastin, skin functions in elderly persons, advances in molecular genetics, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA extinction and skin ageing, levels of hyaluronic acid, cutaneous ageing and geriatric dermatoses, skin collagen and bone mass during the ageing process, and spots in people who were submitted to radiation. As skin ageing is not only associated with the chronological criterion, but also with external aspects related to the persons way of life, such as, for example, kinds of diet, exposure to the sun and emotional health, among others, it is important to get to know the intrinsic implications of the ageing process, in order to seek alternatives that minimize the impacts suffered through ageing. This study discloses intrinsic and extrinsic ageing, as well as the main epidermal and dermal modifications during ageing, pointing out the need to continue research aimed at changes in elderly persons tegumental system and, mainly, the need for national studies and experiments in this field.
28
Chandía, Marco. "Transculturación, heterogeneidad y literatura como "sistema". Aportes hacia una teoría crítica para la literatura actual." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100668.
Full textAbstract:
Ante la imperiosa necesidad de dar cuenta de la compleja trama que define la producción estético-literaria contemporánea latinoamericana, surge en la década de 1950 un conjunto de propuestas sobre transculturación, heterogeneidad y literatura como sistema, producto de profundas reflexiones que el pensamiento crítico ha venido engendrando sobre el fenómeno cultural-literario. Estos métodos de interpretación de nuestra cultura-literatura, pese a haber sido pensados para contextos específicos, asumen la totalidad contradictoria del conjunto, y con ella la posibilidad de estudiar el corpus de la literatura latinoamericana actual.Palabras clave: literatura contemporánea – teoría crítica – transculturación– sistema literario AbstractIn view of the imperious need to cover the complex plot that defines the aesthetic-literary contemporary Latin American production, a set of proposals on transculturation, heterogeneity and literature as a ‘system’ arises in the decade of 1950. This is the product of deep reflections on the cultural-literary phenomenon generated by the critical thinking. Although having being thought for specific contexts, these methods of interpretation of our culture-literature assume the contradictory totality of the whole assortment and, with it, the possibility of studying the corpus of the Latin-American current literature.Keywords: contemporary literature – critical theory – transculturation – literary system
29
Waltenberg, Fabio Domingues. "Análise econômica de sistemas educativos : uma resenha crítica da literatura e uma avaliação empírica da iniqüidade do sistema educativo brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-24062004-101332/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação de mestrado consiste de uma resenha crítica da teoria econômica da educação no que se refere à análise de sistemas educativos, e de um estudo empírico do desempenho do sistema educativo brasileiro, com ênfase em indicadores de iniqüidade. Procura-se apresentar a evolução e o estado atual do debate relacionados aos seguintes assuntos: demanda por educação, oferta de educação (insumos monetários e não-monetários), arranjo institucional do sistema educativo, arranjo institucional sócio-econômico (em que se insere o sistema educativo), e os produtos do sistema educativo. Por fim, por meio da análise estatística de uma base de dados internacional (PISA 2000), apresenta-se um estudo empírico que visa a avaliar o desempenho do sistema educativo brasileiro, especialmente seu grau de iniqüidade.This MA dissertation thesis consists of a critical survey of the economics of education literature concerning educational system analysis, and of a study of the performance of the Brazilian educational system, with an emphasis in equity measurement. I discuss the evolution and the current state of the debate on the following subjects: demand for education, supply of education (monetary and non-monetary inputs), educational system institutional framework, socio-economic institutional framework (in which the educational system is imbedded), and the output of the educational system. Finally, by means of a statistical analysis of an international database (PISA 2000), I present an empirical study aiming at assessing the Brazilian educational system performance, especially its degree of inequity.
30
Sales, Cristiano de. "Uma poeticidade para a literatura em meio digital." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90381.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T09:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 243113.pdf: 332586 bytes, checksum: 0ec57769925b1a84c6af737889463ff2 (MD5)
A literatura transbordou o meio impresso e hoje é também praticada no meio digital. Compreender esse processo de experimentação estética, que propõe significações a partir do próprio meio digital, exige, da crítica literária, redefinições no que respeita aos padrões estéticos de literatura. Falemos então de uma poeticidade - depois veremos se tratar de uma continuação da poética - que necessita ser construída a partir do contato com o próprio meio que se almeja entender, o digital. A poeticidade e a concepção de poesia digital propostas nessa dissertação se constroem junto aos conceitos de Merleau-Ponty - fala falante, expressão e quiasma - e a alguns operadores textuais de Roland Barthes. E isso será feito a partir da leitura de um poema composto no meio digital, Palavrador, e de um romance do português Antônio Lobo Antunes, O esplendor de Portugal, ambos entrelaçados nos elementos da contemporaneidade. La littérature se déverse de l'imprimé et touche le numérique. La compréhension de ce processus d'expérimentation esthétique, qui propose des significations dérivant du numérique, voilà qui demande à la critique littéraire des redéfinitions des modèles esthétiques de la littérature. On doit parler, donc, d' une poéticité (que l'on démontrera, par la suite, qu'il s'agit d'une continuation de la poétique), poéticité qui doit être construite à partir de l'expérience directe que l'on aura du numérique. La poéticité et la conception de poésie numérique, proposées dans ce mémoire, se fondent sur quelques concetps de Merleau-Ponty - ceux de parole parlante, d'expression et de chiasme -, ainsi que sur quelques opérations textuelles proposées par Roland Barthes. Et cela sera fait à partir de la lecture d'un poème numérique, Palavrador, et d'un roman du Portugais António Lobo Antunes, O Esplendor de Portugal.
31
Silva, Welton Alves da. "Avaliando a literatura sobre o sistema presidencialista brasileiro pós 88." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/984.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
3498.pdf: 791019 bytes, checksum: d130db4e495135cddec9455c254be4a6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-03-09This dissertation is a revision of the post-1988 Brazilian presidentialism, analyzing the available literature. The surveys point to a conclusion that the Brazilian presidentialism has gained reasonable levels of institutionalization, contradicting many of the criticisms raised about the potential for institutionalization. This establishment was in large measure because the stabilization of the party system that has polarized yourself arround of the seven main parties, improving its internal functioning and the consistent performance in National Congress, thus minimizing the possible effects of high fragmentation and especially becoming able to provide effective support in the executive branch. This, in turn, has taken it upon themselves to use very effectively the powers and mechanisms to its disposal to enforce its agenda of government, becoming away from the conflict between the powers and the feared decisional paralysis, as predicted. Summarizing, despite his apparent problems in the post-1988, in the Brazilian presidentialism prevails an important democratic character that certainly keep the process of institutionalization of the country.
Essa dissertação trata-se de uma revisão do presidencialismo brasileiro pós- 1988, através da análise da literatura disponível. Os levantamentos realizados convergem para a conclusão de que o presidencialismo brasileiro tem conquistado razoáveis níveis de institucionalização, contrariando muitas das críticas levantadas contra si. Esse estabelecimento se deu em grande medida pela estabilização do sistema partidário que polarizou em torno dos sete maiores partidos, aperfeiçoou seu funcionamento interno e sua atuação coerente no Congresso, minimizando assim os possíveis efeitos da alta fragmentação, e principalmente podendo conceder um apoio efetivo ao Poder Executivo. Este, por sua vez, tem se encarregado de utilizar com muita eficiência os poderes e mecanismos de que dispõe para fazer prevalecer sua agenda de governo, distanciando os conflitos entre os poderes e a temida e profetizada paralisia decisória. Em suma, apesar de problemas aparentes, o presidencialismo brasileiro nos moldes atuais tem levado adiante o processo de institucionalização da democracia.
32
Zeng, Chuhui. "Narrativa en el occidente medieval y la dinastía ming. Mdalidades de representación y perspectiva lírica. Dos sistemas literarios en contraste." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672609.
Full textAbstract:
La tesis vol dur a terme un estudi comparat entre la narrativa medieval europea i la de la dinastia Ming a Xina, en virtut dels paral.lelismes significatius que és possible establir entre ambdues realitats històrico-culturals. El principal àmbit de recerca del treball té com a objectiu l’anàlisi contrastiva de les respectives modalitats de tractament d’allò ideal i d’allò real en obres clàssiques dels dos sistemes culturals. La meva intenció és realitzar una aproximació pràctica de lectura comparada de creacions emblemàtiques dels dos espais literaris en qüestió.La tesis pretende realizar un estudio comparativo entre la narrativa medieval europea y la de la dinastía Ming en China, en virtud de los paralelismos significativos que es posible establecer entre ambas realidades histórico-culturales. El principal ámbito de investigación del trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis contrastivo de las respectivas modalidades de tratamiento de lo ideal y lo real en obras clásicas de ambos sistemas culturales . Pretendemos realizar un acercamiento práctico de lectura comparativa de creaciones emblemáticas de los dos espacios literarios en cuestión.
The thesis aims to carry out a comparative study between the West medieval narrative and the Ming dynasty narrative, based on significant parallels that is possible to establish between both historical-cultural realities. This research focus on the contrastive analysis of the respective treatment of the idealist view and anti-idealist attitude in classical works of the two cultural background. We have attempted to provide a practical approach of comparative reading of the emblematic literary creations which belong to the two literary spaces.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Teoria de la Literatura i Literatura Comparada
33
Essex, David John. "The Necessary Good: The "True Ethic" of "Sister Carrie"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625356.
Full text
34
Mezzomo, Luis Andr? Mendon?a. "Preserva??o do rebordo alveolar : ensaio cl?nico randomizado e revis?o sistem?tica da literatura = Alveolar ridge preservation : randomized clinical trial and a systematic review of the literature." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1088.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
426456.pdf: 5274187 bytes, checksum: 47ae4d3d3d6dffefaf869b1ee5c8c234 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-10-06V?rias t?cnicas e materiais t?m sido sugeridos para a preserva??o do rebordo alveolar (PRA) ap?s a extra??o dent?ria e antes da coloca??o do implante. Este estudo, o qual ? composto por dois manuscritos, buscou avaliar, atrav?s de um ensaio cl?nico randomizado, as altera??es ?sseas radiogr?ficas ap?s a PRA com dois diferentes biomateriais e, atrav?s de uma revis?o sistem?tica da literatura, as evid?ncias do efeito deste procedimento ap?s a extra??o dent?ria e se ele permite a coloca??o do implante (com ou sem enxerto adicional). No primeiro cap?tulo, a preserva??o do rebordo alveolar foi realizada em 27 pacientes divididos em 2 grupos. Um substituto ?sseo sint?tico (SOS) ou um xenoenxerto derivado de bovinos (XDB), ambos com uma membrana de col?geno como barreira (Bio-Gide?), foram utilizados nos grupos teste e controle, respectivamente. Radiografias periapicais padronizadas foram tiradas em intervalos regulares de tempo, do tempo inicial (TI) aos 8 meses (8M). Os n?veis da crista ?ssea alveolar nos aspectos mesial (Mav), distal (Dav) e central (Cav) do alv?olo foram medidas em todos os intervalos de tempo e comparados ?s medi??es intra-cir?rgicas. Todas as radiografias obtidas foram subtra?das das imagens de acompanhamento. As ?reas de ganho, de perda ou inalteradas em termos de n?veis de cinza foram testadas para diferen?a significativa entre os dois grupos. No segundo cap?tulo, ambas pesquisas eletr?nica e manual procuraram por refer?ncias que atenderam a crit?rios espec?ficos de inclus?o e exclus?o. Dois revisores realizaram uma triagem calibrada e independente, enquanto que um terceiro revisor foi consultado em caso de discord?ncias. Ensaios cl?nicos randomizados, ensaios cl?nicos controlados e estudos prospectivos com um m?nimo de cinco pacientes e a cicatriza??o natural do alv?olo como controle foram inclu?dos. O estudo cl?nico experimental revelou que, entre TI-8M, a Mav e Dav mostraram diferen?as m?dias de 0,9 ? 1,2 mm e 0,7 ? 1,8mm, e 0,4 ? 1,3 mm e 0,7 ? 1,3mm, nos grupos teste e controle, respectivamente (P>0.05). Ambos os tratamentos mostraram ganhos similares em n?veis de cinza entre os intervalos de tempo. O SOS mostrou menos perda nos n?veis de cinza entre TI-4M e TI-8M (P<0.05). A avalia??o radiogr?fica subestimou as medi??es intra-cir?rgicas (mesial e distal) em 0,3mm na m?dia (95% IC, 0,02-0,6). Muitas t?cnicas, materiais e metodologias diferentes foram apresentadas nas quatorze publica??es revisadas, tornando as compara??es diretas dif?ceis. Os achados radiogr?ficos do ensaio cl?nico randomizado mostraram que ambos os tipos de enxerto ?sseo foram eficientes na preserva??o das dimens?es do rebordo alveolar ap?s a extra??o dent?ria, por?m nenhum deles mostrou superioridade em termos de altera??es radiogr?ficas do osso alveolar do tempo inicial aos 8 meses. Os resultados da revis?o sistem?tica da literatura corroboraram alguns dos achados 13 preliminares do estudo cl?nico e mostraram que, apesar da heterogeneidade dos estudos, h? evid?ncia que os procedimentos de preserva??o do rebordo s?o eficazes na limita??o da perda dimensional do rebordo p?s-extra??o e s?o acompanhados por um grau diferente de regenera??o ?ssea, com variadas quantidades de part?culas residuais dos materiais de enxerto. Entretanto, a exposi??o de membranas nos procedimentos de regenera??o ?ssea guiada pode comprometer os resultados. N?o h? evid?ncia para sustentar a superioridade de uma t?cnica sobre a outra assim como a import?ncia da preserva??o do rebordo em melhorar a possibilidade de colocar implantes, as taxas de sucesso/ sobreviv?ncia dos implantes, est?tica, economia do tratamento, tempo de tratamento e satisfa??o do paciente.
35
Karam, Sérgio. "A tradução de literatura hispano-americana no Brasil : um capítulo da história da literatura brasileira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172902.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento das traduções de obras de ficção em prosa de autores hispano-americanos publicadas no Brasil, tanto em coleções criadas com o fim específico de divulgar a literatura hispano-americana no país quanto em edições isoladas, fora de coleção. A análise principal está voltada para as coleções publicadas por diversas editoras brasileiras entre as décadas de 1960 e 1990, mas também serão analisadas algumas iniciativas editoriais anteriores e posteriores a estas décadas. Além do levantamento em si, o trabalho procura identificar o propósito editorial que norteou a tradução e publicação de autores hispano-americanos no Brasil, em cada momento histórico analisado, para tentar entender o que significou a circulação destas obras no sistema literário brasileiro.The aim of this work is to do a survey of the prose fiction of Spanish-American authors translated to Portuguese and published in Brazil, not only in book collections or series created with the specif design of spreading the word about this kind of literature but also in individual editions. The core of the analysis is directed to some collections of Spanish-American Literature that were published in Brazil between the 1960's and the 1990's, although some other editorial efforts will also be analysed, both before and after this period of time. Beyond the survey itself, this work intends to identify the editorial purposes behind the translation and publication of books by Spanish- American authors in Brazil in each of the historical moments analyzed, in a attempt to understand the importance of the circulation of these books within the Brazilian literary system.
36
Campos, David Emmanuel Marques. "Mining biomedical information from scientific literature." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12853.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento conjunto MAP-iThe rapid evolution and proliferation of a world-wide computerized network, the Internet, resulted in an overwhelming and constantly growing amount of publicly available data and information, a fact that was also verified in biomedicine. However, the lack of structure of textual data inhibits its direct processing by computational solutions. Information extraction is the task of text mining that intends to automatically collect information from unstructured text data sources. The goal of the work described in this thesis was to build innovative solutions for biomedical information extraction from scientific literature, through the development of simple software artifacts for developers and biocurators, delivering more accurate, usable and faster results. We started by tackling named entity recognition - a crucial initial task - with the development of Gimli, a machine-learning-based solution that follows an incremental approach to optimize extracted linguistic characteristics for each concept type. Afterwards, Totum was built to harmonize concept names provided by heterogeneous systems, delivering a robust solution with improved performance results. Such approach takes advantage of heterogenous corpora to deliver cross-corpus harmonization that is not constrained to specific characteristics. Since previous solutions do not provide links to knowledge bases, Neji was built to streamline the development of complex and custom solutions for biomedical concept name recognition and normalization. This was achieved through a modular and flexible framework focused on speed and performance, integrating a large amount of processing modules optimized for the biomedical domain. To offer on-demand heterogenous biomedical concept identification, we developed BeCAS, a web application, service and widget. We also tackled relation mining by developing TrigNER, a machine-learning-based solution for biomedical event trigger recognition, which applies an automatic algorithm to obtain the best linguistic features and model parameters for each event type. Finally, in order to assist biocurators, Egas was developed to support rapid, interactive and real-time collaborative curation of biomedical documents, through manual and automatic in-line annotation of concepts and relations. Overall, the research work presented in this thesis contributed to a more accurate update of current biomedical knowledge bases, towards improved hypothesis generation and knowledge discovery.
A rápida evolução e proliferação de uma rede mundial de computadores, a Internet, resultou num esmagador e constante crescimento na quantidade de dados e informação publicamente disponíveis, o que também se verificou na biomedicina. No entanto, a inexistência de estrutura em dados textuais inibe o seu processamento direto por parte de soluções informatizadas. Extração de informação é a tarefa de mineração de texto que pretende extrair automaticamente informação de fontes de dados de texto não estruturados. O objetivo do trabalho descrito nesta tese foi essencialmente focado em construir soluções inovadoras para extração de informação biomédica a partir da literatura científica, através do desenvolvimento de aplicações simples de usar por programadores e bio-curadores, capazes de fornecer resultados mais precisos, usáveis e de forma mais rápida. Começámos por abordar o reconhecimento de nomes de conceitos - uma tarefa inicial e fundamental - com o desenvolvimento de Gimli, uma solução baseada em inteligência artificial que aplica uma estratégia incremental para otimizar as características linguísticas extraídas do texto para cada tipo de conceito. Posteriormente, Totum foi implementado para harmonizar nomes de conceitos provenientes de sistemas heterogéneos, oferecendo uma solução mais robusta e com melhores resultados. Esta aproximação recorre a informação contida em corpora heterogéneos para disponibilizar uma solução não restrita às característica de um único corpus. Uma vez que as soluções anteriores não oferecem ligação dos nomes a bases de conhecimento, Neji foi construído para facilitar o desenvolvimento de soluções complexas e personalizadas para o reconhecimento de conceitos nomeados e respectiva normalização. Isto foi conseguido através de uma plataforma modular e flexível focada em rapidez e desempenho, integrando um vasto conjunto de módulos de processamento optimizados para o domínio biomédico. De forma a disponibilizar identificação de conceitos biomédicos em tempo real, BeCAS foi desenvolvido para oferecer um serviço, aplicação e widget Web. A extracção de relações entre conceitos também foi abordada através do desenvolvimento de TrigNER, uma solução baseada em inteligência artificial para o reconhecimento de palavras que desencadeiam a ocorrência de eventos biomédicos. Esta ferramenta aplica um algoritmo automático para encontrar as melhores características linguísticas e parâmetros para cada tipo de evento. Finalmente, de forma a auxiliar o trabalho de bio-curadores, Egas foi desenvolvido para suportar a anotação rápida, interactiva e colaborativa em tempo real de documentos biomédicos, através da anotação manual e automática de conceitos e relações de forma contextualizada. Resumindo, este trabalho contribuiu para a actualização mais precisa das actuais bases de conhecimento, auxiliando a formulação de hipóteses e a descoberta de novo conhecimento.
37
Rojas, Ruiz Sofía. "Mujeres: literatura, representación en los sistemas de clasificación y estudio bibliográfico." Thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71629.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabajo nació de la inquietud personal de la autora a partir de algunos cursos y lecturas en torno al binómio litaratura-mujeres. En el primer capítulo la autora hace una revisión del feminismo y las teorías literarias feministas, las cuales sirvieron para respaldar la bibliografía contenida en esta tesis. En el segundo capítulo se presenta un estudio sobre la sintaxis, semántica y los principios de la división del conocimiento a los que obedece el sistema el Clasificación LC, particularmente la subclase HQ, de la clase H, a partir de implicaciones ideológicas y la reproducción de esquemas de dominación a través de instrumentos técnicos. En el tercer capítulo se muestran las relaciones bibliográficas de las obras de cinco escritoras latinoamericanas y una bibliografía de textos escritos por mujeres en América Latina. Estas cinco escritoras fueron elegidas basandose en conocimiento y gustos personales de la autora. El alcance de esta tesis termina con una aproximación bibliografía de carácter geográfico-temporal de la mujeres latinoamericanas del siglo XX.
38
Miranda, Hamilcar José Ferreira de. "Sistemas de informação em Saúde Pública no Brasil: uma revisão de 2008 a 2012 na literatura nacional especializada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-22102013-152116/.
Full textAbstract:
A saúde pública no país é uma área de alta demanda, dependente de tecnologia cara e de rápida obsolescência, com custos operacional e de manutenção altos, e com uma cobrança de crescimento ininterrupto, decorrente tanto do aumento vegetativo dos usuários, quanto da instabilidade social, quando os desempregados perdem a condição de se utilizar da saúde suplementar e migram para a rede pública. Há um agravamento de tal situação pela dispersão geográfica da população, pelo tamanho do país. O Sistema Único de Saúde, através do PlanejaSUS, tem um esforço continuado de planejar o funcionamento da saúde pública no país, para o que se utiliza, entre outros recursos, dos seguintes sistemas: de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos; de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; de Informações Hospitalares; e de Informação de Mortalidade. Com o objetivo de identificar o grau de consistência dos mesmos, foi feito um levantamento de periódicos dos últimos 5 anos, de artigos que apontavam tal característica. Mediante a utilização de recortes dos artigos, análise e tabulação de resultados, identificou-se o predomínio de deficiências de pessoal e de qualidade das informações, estas últimas decorrentes das primeiras. Em apenas um caso houve queixa da infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação. Conclui-se pela priorização de trabalhos de persuasão e capacitação de funcionários; por um ajuste na expectativa pela precisão dos sistemas, já que por seu macro dimensionamento, face à dispersão geográfica e ao grande número de pessoas envolvidas, são sistemas com tendência natural à instabilidade; pelo papel que pesquisas como as apresentadas nos artigos podem fazer no controle de tais sistemas; pela consistência apresentada atualmente pelos sistemas, que embora não seja ótima, tem sustentado inúmeras pesquisas cujos resultados são validados por subsídios da literatura e cruzamento de bancos de dados. Aventa-se ainda a possibilidade de, em um trabalho de parceria entre universidades, centros de pesquisa, e o Sistema Único de Saúde, este último estabeleça alguns eixos e categorias, e estimule continuadamente pesquisas voltadas para identificação do nível de consistência dos sistemas mencionados, pesquisas estas cujos resultados poderão funcionar na redução da instabilidade dos mesmosPublic health in the country is a department of high demand, dependent on expensive technology and quick obsolescence, with high operational and maintenance costs, and with a charge of uninterrupted growth, due to both the vegetative growth of users, and the social instability, when the unemployed lose the condition of using additional health system and migrate to the public service. There is a worsening of the situation caused by the geographical dispersion of the population, by the size of the country. The Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), through the PlanejaSUS, mantain a continued effort of planning the operation of public health in the country, for what it use, among other features, the following systems: information on live borns; reportable diseases information; hospital information; and mortality information. In order to identify the consistency degree of these systems was made a survey of the past 5 years, using articles that pointed such feature. Using cutouts of articles, analysis and tabulation of results, it was identified the predominance of disabilities of personnel and quality of the information, the latter arising out of the first. In only one case there was complaint of information technology infrastructure. It is concluded by the prioritization of work of persuasion and training of employees; by an adjustment in anticipation for the accuracy of the systems, since by its macro scale, given the geographic dispersion and the large number of people involved, that these are systems with natural tendency to instability; the role that research such as those presented in articles can make in the control of such systems; by consistency presented by systems, which although are not great, has sustained extensive research whose results are validated by literature subsidies and databases crossover. It also suggests the possibility of, in a working partnership between universities, research centers, and the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), the latter shall establish some axes and categories, and encourage continued research aimed to identifying the level of consistency of the mentioned systems, these research results may work in reducing instability
39
Busetti, Marcela Vargas. "Transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores : revis?o sistem?tica da literatura." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6059.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-26T13:03:43Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
469215 Texto Parcial.pdf: 402582 bytes, checksum: eed08f5c5c7c751f18d3d242ad6750fb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T13:03:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469215 Texto Parcial.pdf: 402582 bytes, checksum: eed08f5c5c7c751f18d3d242ad6750fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-04
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The Common Mental Disorders are defined as anxiety disorders, depression and somatoform and its high prevalence is related to the growth of psychological distress in labor organizations. This dissertation investigated through literature, the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders workers. Article I, entitled "Prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders workers: a systematic review of the literature", aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian workers. From this study it was possible to identify the prevalence of Common Mental Disorders for many professions in the years 2004 to 2013. The results show an important variation of prevalence ranging from 6.1% to 83.3%.The main associated factors were gender, income, diagnosis of illness and psychosocial aspects of work. Article II, called "Common Mental Disorders in women: a gender analysis" aimed to describe and analyze genetic, personality and social that can be related to the Common mental disorders in women. The reflections on the social determinants related to women's mental illness allows us to understand the context of these women to reflect on possible psychosocial interventions
Os Transtornos Mentais Comuns s?o definidos como transtornos de ansiedade, depress?o e somatoformes e sua alta preval?ncia est? relacionada ao crescimento do sofrimento ps?quico nas organiza??es de trabalho. Essa disserta??o investigou, atrav?s da literatura, a preval?ncia e os fatores associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em trabalhadores. O Artigo I, denominado ?Preval?ncia e fatores associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em trabalhadores: revis?o sistem?tica da literatura?, teve como objetivo verificar a preval?ncia e fatores associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em trabalhadores brasileiros. A partir desse estudo foi poss?vel identificar a preval?ncia de Transtornos Mentais Comuns para diversas profiss?es nos anos de 2004 a 2013. Os resultados apontam uma importante varia??o de preval?ncia que vai de 6,1% a 83,3%.Os principais fatores associados foram sexo, renda, diagn?stico de alguma doen?a e aspectos psicossociais do trabalho. O Artigo II, denominado ?Transtornos Mentais Comuns em mulheres: uma an?lise de g?nero? teve como objetivo descrever e analisar aspectos gen?ticos, de personalidade e sociais que podem estar relacionados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em mulheres. As reflex?es a respeito dos determinantes sociais relacionados ao adoecimento ps?quico feminino permite compreender o contexto dessas mulheres a fim de refletir sobre poss?veis interven??es psicossociais.
40
Gonçalves, Dircilene Fernandes. "O tradutor imaginário: pseudotradução, um encontro secular entre tradução e literatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-15012016-125933/.
Full textAbstract:
A definição básica de pseudotradução é: um texto apresentado como tradução, mas que, na verdade, é um texto original. Nela, um tradutor imaginário afirma estar traduzindo uma obra inexistente: tanto tradutor como obra são produtos de ficção. Um recurso utilizado há muitos séculos de diversas maneiras e com diferentes motivações, ela é, muitas vezes, considerada farsa, fraude, falsificação ou mesmo mero gracejo narrativo sem grandes consequências. Entretanto, ao contrário do que essa visão simplória pode sugerir, ela tem estado presente em momentos importantes da história ocidental. Em sua relação com a literatura, a pseudotradução tem sido utilizada ao longo dos séculos como um poderoso recurso narrativo na composição de obras que concorreram para a transformação de sistemas culturais e literários. A partir da perspectiva do potencial criador e transformador da pseudotradução, este trabalho apresenta cinco obras produzidas em diferentes épocas da história ocidental, as quais, de alguma maneira, contribuíram para a dinâmica dos sistemas literários de suas épocas. Em todas elas, o fato de terem sido concebidas como pseudotraduções foi elemento fundamental e decisivo para seus efeitos. Cada uma dessas obras, distribuídas em períodos pontuais entre os séculos XII e XX, utilizou o recurso da pseudotradução de maneira diferente; todavia, todas elas promoveram transformações de paradigmas literários e questionamentos sobre questões humanas e sobre a própria ficção. São elas: The History of the Kings of Britain, de Geoffrey of Monmouth, século XII; Don Quijote de la Mancha, de Miguel de Cervantes, século XVII; O castelo de Otranto, de Horace Walpole, século XVIII; O nome da rosa, de Umberto Eco, e o conto Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius, de Jorge Luis Borges, ambas produções do século XX. A observação dessas obras desde a perspectiva do uso da pseudotradução permite considerar a tradução além do processo de versão de uma língua para outra, como processo de escritura per se.The basic definition of pseudotranslation is: a text introduced as a translation, but that is actually an original text. In this process, an imaginary translator claims to be translating a work that does not exist: both translator and work are products of fiction. A resource used for centuries in different ways and for various reasons, it has been frequently considered as sham, fraud, fakery, or even sheer witticism without serious consequences. However, instead of what this naïve view may suggest, it has been present in important moments of western history. As far as its connection to literature is concerned, pseudotranslation has been used along the centuries as a powerful narrative resource in the composition of works that contributed to the transformation of cultural and literary systems. From the perspective of the creative and transformative potential of pseudotranslation, this study introduces five works written in different periods of western history, which somehow contributed to the dynamics of the literary systems of their ages. In all of them, the fact of having been conceived as pseudotranslations was fundamental and decisive for their effects. Each of them, set on determinate periods between the 12th and the 20th centuries, applied the resource of pseudotranslation in a different way; even though, all of them fostered transformations in literary paradigms and questionings around human issues and around fiction itself. Such works are: The History of the Kings of Britain, by Geoffrey of Monmouth, 12th century; Don Quijote de la Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes, 17th century; The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole, 18th century; The Name of the Rose, by Umberto Eco, and the short story Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius, by Jorge Luis Borges, both written in the 20th century. Pondering these works from the perspective of their use of pseudotranslation makes it possible to consider translation beyond the process of turning texts from one language into another, as a creative writing process in itself.
41
Sakaguti, Solange Tieko. "Mapas conceituais e seus usos : um estudo da literatura." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276348.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador : Heloisa Vieira da RochaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T23:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sakaguti_SolangeTieko_M.pdf: 2575247 bytes, checksum: 09893db4d20a17610fc58a45da87bd33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O presente trabalho traz um estudo sobre mapas conceituais e suas diversas formas de utilização, construção e aplicação. Traz ainda, comentários detalhados dos softwares CMap Tools e Inspiration, instrumentos auxiliares na construção de mapas conceituais (diagramas) no Ensino a Distância (EAD)
Abstract: This work presents a study about concept maps and their varied forms of utilization, construction and application. It also presents detailed comments from softwares CMap Tools and Inspiration, which are supporting instruments to make concept maps (diagrams) in Distance Education (DE)
Mestrado
Engenharia de Computação
Mestre em Computação
42
Tang, Chi Kin. "Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie and the self in consumer society." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456357.
Full text
43
Seifert, Christine H. "Temperament as Destiny: A Study of Theodore Dreiser's "Sister Carrie" and "An American Tragedy"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625358.
Full text
44
Fiori, Luis Eduardo [UNESP]. "Juana Inés de La Cruz: literatura e emancipação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103644.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-06-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000744398.pdf: 1535069 bytes, checksum: 519e84a8d12b04de24351a9c1f6ca86b (MD5)O presente trabalho visa a dois objetivos principais: o primeiro é prover os estudos sorjuanísticos com uma nova abordagem ao aparato retórico, filosófico, mitológico e simbólico de que a poeta lançou mão para compor sua obra que abrange poesias lírica e sacra, assim como prosa epistolar e dramaturgia, a fim de disponibilizar, principalmente para o estudioso brasileiro, mais uma fonte de pesquisa para a análise da obra e da vida da poeta barroca mexicana. O segundo objetivo é discutir, através da técnica de desvendamento de imagem que Octavio Paz usa em Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz o las trampas de la fe, o perfil ideológico da autora a partir de um apanhado de poemas, trechos de prosa e loas de autos sacramentais selecionados por apresentarem um marcado teor crítico-social de caráter reivindicativo, a fim de mostrar como Sor Juana se opõe a imposições patriarcais de seu tempo partindo de uma concepção autêntica do papel da mulher na sociedade. Embora os conceitos de ideologia e emancipação não fizessem parte de seu momento histórico, a monja desenvolveu uma engenharia argumentativa que transcende as meras reiterações de arquétipos barrocos e, com ela, lega aos estudos culturalistas do século XX e XXI o gérmen de um livre-pensar que engendra os princípios da emancipação tanto do homem quanto da mulher
El presente trabajo mira a dos objetivos principales: el primer es proveer los estudios sorjuanísticos con un nuevo planteamiento al aparato retórico, filosófico, mitológico y simbólico a que la poeta recurrió para componer su obra que abarca poesías lírica y sacra, y, asimismo prosa epistolar y dramaturgia, con la finalidad de disponerle, principalmente al estudioso brasileño, una fuente más de investigación para el análisis de la obra y de la vida de la poeta barroca mexicana. El segundo objetivo es discutir, a través de la técnica de desvendar imágenes que Octavio Paz utiliza en “Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz o las trampas de la fe”, el perfil ideológico de la autora a partir de un recogido de poemas, trechos de prosa y loas de autos sacramentales seleccionados porque presentan un marcado matiz crítico-social de rasgo reivindicativo, para mostrar cómo Sor Juana se opone a imposiciones patriarcales de su tiempo partiendo de una concepción auténtica del papel de la mujer en la sociedad. Aunque los conceptos de ideología y emancipación no formasen parte de su momento histórico, la monja desarrolló una ingeniería argumentativa que transciende las meras reiteraciones de arquetipos barrocos y, con ella, lega a los estudios culturalistas del siglo XX y XXI el germen de un libre-pensar que engendra los principios de la emancipación tanto del hombre como de la mujer
45
Sendelbach, Adonica Ann. "Mirroring as structure and concept: Pasternak's Sestra Moia-Zhizh (My Sister Life) and Doktor Zhivago (Doctor Zhivago) /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148794532075892.
Full text
46
Loustaunau, Esteban E. "Redes locales/sistemas globales : la localizacion de la cultura posnacional en Mexico /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951907956784.
Full text
47
Gahlhoff, Debra Zoe. "Selling the Body: Representing the Prostitute in Maggie and Sister Carrie." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4963.
Full textAbstract:
Prostitutes have played a significant role in society and literature for many centuries, both as subjects of irresistible desire and repentant shame. Although prostitution plays a role in patriarchy, female prostitutes have often defied the conventions of patriarchal society by supporting themselves outside marriage, outside the reign of religious conviction and, more recently, by seeking to continue their professional work with legal sanction. Other groups of women, such as those active in civic reform interests, have yearned for the reformation of prostitute behaviors, powerfully countering the cry from those who support prostitution and call for their legal right to pursue their profession. As a literary theme, prostitution makes a remarkably consistent showing throughout time, but it was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that the prostitute as a character was portrayed in such a way as to allow prevailing assumptions to disperse. This study discusses the representations of prostitutes in two novels by American authors, Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser, as read through the lens of social science literature existing during the authors' lives. The social science literature noted here spans most of the nineteenth century and was known to maintain a high degree of influence over social scientists of the time. The novels cover a period stretching from 1893 (with the first publication of Maggie) to 1907 (with the second publication of Sister Carrie). This study explores how each author's portrayal of the prostitute character corresponds with the stereotypical assumptions of the day and how the representations differ from those stereotypes. The study also examines portraits taken of the Storyville Prostitutes by a commercial photographer in New Orleans, E. J. Bellocq, in order to exemplify the visual aspects and constructions of prostitution. Due in part to the principles of scientific determinism that influenced writers like Crane and Dreiser, the prostitute was observed and portrayed through a lens presumed to filter out subjective convictions which had so long colored the prostitute in a reddish light. By analyzing three forms of representation--the photograph, the sociological report, and the novel--my thesis shows that accepted ideologies were beginning to change with respect to the ways people viewed prostitutes.
48
Lima, Mônica Cristina Ribeiro Alexandre d'Auria de. "Estratégias para o controle da tuberculose no sistema prisional: revisão integrativa da literatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-08052015-165959/.
Full textAbstract:
As instituições prisionais são tidas como um reservatório para doenças transmissíveis, entre estas a tuberculose. O estudo objetivou analisar na produção cientifica as estratégias para o controle da tuberculose no sistema prisional. Assim, elegeu-se a revisão integrativa da literatura a qual se deu com a busca de artigos científicos originais nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Alied Health Literature, Web of Science e Scopus, lançando mão de diferentes estratégias de buscas com a utilização de descritores controlados e não controlados, cuja seleção dos artigos foi pautada em critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após as buscas nas bases de dados com a leitura de título e resumo das publicações, foi possível pré-selecionar para esta revisão 33 artigos científicos originais e, conseqüente à leitura na íntegra dos mesmos chegou-se à amostra final de 22 artigos, que compõem este estudo. Pela leitura dos artigos foi possível identificar 11 estratégias, todas direcionadas à detecção da doença, e agrupá-las em três categorias \"Busca Ativa como estratégia para o controle da tuberculose\", \"Busca Ativa como estratégia para identificação de tuberculose latente\" e \"Utilização de imagem para diagnóstico da tuberculose\". A partir dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão pode-se evidenciar que quando as estratégias são desenvolvidas como complementares e realizadas periodicamente proporciona maiores chances do controle efetivo da tuberculose no sistema prisionalPrison institutions are known as reservoirs for transmittable diseases, such as tuberculosis. The study aimed to analyze the strategies for the control of tuberculosis in the prison system, trough scientific work. Thus, integrative review was chosen, happening through the search of original scientific articles in the PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Alied Health Literature, Web of Science and Scopus databases, including different search strategies using controlled and non-controlled descriptors, selecting articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the database search using titles and summaries, it was possible to pre-select 33 original scientific articles for this review and, consequent to full reading of those articles, come to a final of 22, which compose the study. Through the reading of such articles it was possible to identify 11 strategies, all aimed to the detection of the disease, and group them into three categories \"Active Case-finding as a strategy for control of tuberculosis\", \"Active Case-finding as a strategy for identifying latent tuberculosis\" and \"Use of image to diagnose tuberculosis\". Through the studies included in this review it\'s possible to make clear that when all strategies are developed as complementary and performed periodically they can provide higher chances of effective control of tuberculosis in the prison system
49
Lourenço, Jóni Amauri de Almeida. "A web-based collaborative curation system for biomedical literature." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14070.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaWith the overwhelming amount of biomedical textual information being produced, several manual curation efforts have been set up to extract and store concepts and their relationships into structured resources. Since manual annotation is a very demanding and expensive task, computerized solutions were developed to perform such tasks automatically. Nevertheless, high-end information extraction techniques are still not widely used by biomedical research communities, mainly due to the lack of standards and limitations in usability. Interactive annotation tools intend to fill this gap, taking advantage of automatic techniques and existing knowledge bases to assist expert curators in their daily tasks. This thesis presents Egas, a web-based platform for biomedical text mining and assisted curation with highly usable interfaces for manual and automatic inline annotation of concepts and relations. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of knowledge bases are integrated and indexed to provide straightforward concept normalization features. Additionally, curators can also rely on real-time collaboration and conversation functionalities allowing discussing details of the annotation task as well as providing instant feedback of curators interactions. Egas also provides interfaces for on-demand management of the annotation task settings and guidelines, and supports standard formats and literature services to import and export documents. By taking advantage of Egas, we participated in the BioCreative IV interactive annotation task, targeting the assisted identification of protein-protein interactions described in PubMed abstracts related to neuropathological disorders. Thereby, when evaluated by expert curators, Egas obtained very positive scores in terms of usability, reliability and performance. These results, together with the provided innovative features, place Egas as a state-of-the-art solution for fast and accurate curation of information, facilitating the task of creating and updating knowledge bases in a more consistent way.
Com o acréscimo da quantidade de literatura biomédica a ser produzida todos os dias, vários esforços têm sido feitos para tentar extrair e armazenar de forma estruturada os conceitos e as relações nela presentes. Por outro lado, uma vez que a extração manual de conceitos compreende uma tarefa extremamente exigente e exaustiva, algumas soluções de anotação automática foram surgindo. No entanto, mesmo os sistemas de anotação mais completos não têm sido muito bem recebidos no seio das equipas de investigação, em grande parte devido às falhas a nível de usabilidade e de interface standards. Para colmatar esta falha são necessárias ferramentas de anotação interativa, que tirem proveito de sistemas de anotação automática e de bases de dados já existentes, para ajudar os anotadores nas suas tarefas do dia-a-dia. Nesta dissertação iremos apresentar uma plataforma de anotação de literatura biomédica orientada para a usabilidade e que suporta anotação manual e automática. No mesmo sentido, integramos no sistema várias bases de dados, no intuito de facilitar a normalização dos conceitos anotados. Por outro lado, os utilizadores podem também contar com funcionalidades colaborativas em toda a aplicação, estimulando assim a interação entre os anotadores e, desta forma, a produção de melhores resultados. O sistema apresenta ainda funcionalidades para importar e exportar ficheiros, gestão de projetos e diretivas de anotação. Com esta plataforma, Egas, participámos na tarefa de anotação interativa do BioCreative IV (IAT), nomeadamente na identificação de interações proteína-proteína. Depois de avaliado por um conjunto de anotadores, o Egas obteve os melhores resultados entre os sistemas apresentados, relativamente à usabilidade, confiança e desempenho.
50
Silva, Helena Maria Mariano da Maia. "Ethics and family relationships in "My sister's keeper" by Jodi Picoult." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3888.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Estudos InglesesDesenvolvimentos recentes na área da biotecnologia e pesquisa genética levantam complexas questões éticas relacionadas com o legítimo alcance e limites da intervenção genética. Com a possibilidade de intervir no genoma humano com o objectivo de evitar doenças, a comunidade científica entende que a espécie humana poderá em breve ter controlo sobre a sua evolução biológica. “Playing God” é uma expressão frequentemente usada para classificar esta auto-transformação das espécies, a qual parece cada vez mais vir a tornar-se realidade. A literatura, vivendo lado a lado com estes avanços científicos, tem a possibilidade de “brincar” com temas que vão desde o espaço, ideologia, raça, etnia, futuros utópicos ou criaturas de laboratório criadas para desafiar, ou talvez ser reflexo da nossa própria humanidade, antevendo mudanças que as novas tecnologias possam trazer. E, uma vez que vivemos num tempo em que os avanços tecnológicos levaram as nossas capacidades para lugares antigamente só imaginados na ficção científica, a literatura tem também a oportunidade de explorar questões levantadas pela clonagem humana, inteligência artificial e engenharia genética, ou outras questões bioéticas. Jodi Picoult, escritora Americana, tem dedicado a sua escrita a assuntos do dia a dia e a temas actuais e controversos, como por exemplo a engenharia genética e a perspectiva de “saviour siblings” com todas as implicações éticas, tema do livro My Sister’s Keeper, que me proponho analisar neste trabalho.
Recent developments in biotechnology and genetic research are raising complex ethical questions concerning the legitimate scope and limits of genetic intervention. With the possibility of intervening in the human genome to prevent diseases, the scientific community feels that the human species might soon be able to take its biological evolution in its own hands. “Playing God” is an expression commonly used to refer to this self-transformation of the species which, from the evidence, might soon be a reality. Living side-by-side with these advances, literature has the chance “to play” with themes such as outer space, ideology, race and ethnicity, utopian futures, or laboratory beings created to defy, or perhaps reflect our own humanity, dealing with changes that new technologies might bring about. And as we are living at a time when technological advances have moved our capabilities to places previously only imagined in science fiction, literature also has the opportunity to explore questions raised by human cloning, artificial intelligence and genetic engineering or other bioethical issues. Jodi Picoult, an American novelist has been devoting her writings to several present-day events and controversial issues such as genetic engineering and the prospect of “savior siblings” with all its ethical implications, dealt with in My Sister’s Keeper, the novel I will be presenting in this work.