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1
Marquez, Betz Gabriela Carolina. "Index selection in terminal sire sheep: implications for genetic improvement in a crossbreeding system." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24774.
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Using terminal sires for crossbreeding is standard practice in the UK sheep industry, where over 70% of market lambs have terminal sire breeding. Thus, selection focusing on terminal sires will translate to changes in the entire industry. Consumers perceive lamb meat as fatty and demand for it has decreased. A lean growth index was developed for terminal sire breeds to increase carcass lean content while keeping fat constant at a constant age end point. The purposes of this study were: to evaluate the effects of index selection of terminal sires on their crossbred offspring up to harvest; to evaluate the effectiveness of the index within the terminal sire breeds; to evaluate the presence and consequences of heterogeneous environmental variances and genetics by environment interactions (GxE) on genetic evaluation. The most widely used breeds of terminal sires in the UK are Charollais, Suffolk, and Texel. These breeds participated in sire referencing schemes from the early 1990s by sharing rams selected on the lean growth index. From 1999 to 2002 approximately 15 high and 15 low lean growth index score rams per breed were selected from their sire referencing schemes and mated to Welsh and Scottish Mule ewes. Their crossbred offspring were reared on 3 farms in the UK under commercial conditions. In total, 6,515 lambs were born between 2000 and 2003. Lambs were weighed at birth (BWT), 5 weeks (5WT), and 10 weeks (10WT). The average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 10 weeks was calculated. Lambs were finished to an estimated 11% subcutaneous fat by visual examination. At harvest, they were weighed (HWT), ultrasonically scanned for muscle (UMD) and fat (UFD) depth, and assessed for condition score and conformation. Lambs sired by high index rams were on average, across breeds, heavier at all ages (P < 0.01) with 0.07 ± 0.03, 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.4 ± 0.1, and 1.2 ± 0.2 kg greater BWT, 5WT, 10WT, and HWT respectively. Their ADG was 5.1 ± 1.9 g/d greater than low index sired lambs. They had thicker UMD (0.7 ± 0.2 mm) and thinner UFD (0.08 ± 0.01 mm). High vs. low index sired lambs took the same amount of days to reach harvest fatness. Suffolk-sired lambs were on average heavier, with greater ADG, whereas Charollais-sired lambs were lightest with smallest ADG. Texel-sired lambs had thicker UMD than Charollais (0.7 ± 0.2 mm; P < 0.001) but were not different than Suffolk. Charollais-sired lambs had greater UFD than both Texel- (0.098 ± 0.016 mm) and Suffolk- (0.061 ± 0.017 mm) sired lambs (P < 0.001). Texel-sired lambs reached harvest condition faster than the other breeds (P < 0.01). Index selection produced heavier and leaner lambs at finishing. Producers have flexibility in choosing the terminal sire that best fits their production system. Heteroscedascity and GxE were found to be more important for ultrasonic traits than weight traits. Fitting a farm by sire random interaction component improved model fit, but only accounted for less than 2% of the variation in weight traits. For ultrasonic traits, it accounted for at least 10% of the variation. When fitting traits as separate but correlated by farm, genetic correlations among traits were mostly above 0.8, indicating no GxE. Reactions norms for sires were fitted. For weight traits and UMD, sires had positive slopes (were environmentally sensitive) that were similar in value, thus performance improved with improving environments. For UFD, reaction norm slopes varied form negative to positive, indicating GxE. Consequences of heteroscedasticity are not large for these data, and any consequence of GxE on breeding goals should be evaluated before explicitly modeling it in genetic evaluation. There was evidence of genetic variation in sensitivity of sires; therefore, they could be selected to be more or less sensitive depending on economic considerations.Ph. D.
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Vopicka, Charles Edward. "Estimating site productivity from non-site trees a site index based approach /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302007-162117/.
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Klinka, Karel. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to environmental measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/666.
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Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is one of the most common tree species in the boreal and temperate forests of North America. It grows on many different sites and associates with a variety of tree species. In BC, aspen is frequent throughout all submontane and montane continental forested zones. Relationships between environmental factors and forest productivity have been the subjects of many studies. Most of these studies, using various topographic, soil, physical and chemical properties as independent variables, had limited success in accounting for the variation in SI over a large geographic area. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify relationships between aspen SI and environmental factors at two spatial scales, and (2) to develop predictive SI models from easily measurable environmental factors.
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Klinka, Karel, David Morley New, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Western larch site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/701.
Full textAbstract:
A silviculturist needs to know how productivity of all tree species under management varies with the ecological determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that
directly affect the growth of plants - light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making biologically viable, speciesand site specific silvicultural decisions. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (top tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantified relationships between site index of a given species and ecological measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index for
all sites on which the species may grow.
Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is an important tree species in southern central and eastern British Columbia. It grows mainly in the IDF, ICH, and MS zones on moderately dry through very moist sites and on poor through very rich sites.
In view of this relatively wide ecological amplitude, a large variation in productivity could be expected. In the study summarized here, relationships between larch site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and a site index model using these measures as predictors was developed.
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Klinka, Karel. "Pacific silver fir site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/662.
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Ecosystem-specific forest management requires comprehension of tree species productivity in managed settings, and how this productivity varies with the ecological
determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that directly affect the growth of plants: light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making species- and site-specific silvicultural decisions to maximize productivity. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantitative relationships between site index and these measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index.
Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) is an important timber crop species in the coastal forests of British Columbia. In relation to climate, its range in
southwestern British Columbia extends from sea level to almost timberline, and from the hypermaritime region on western Vancouver Island to the subcontinental region on the leeward side of the Coast Mountains. In relation to soils, its range extends from slightly dry to wet sites and from very poor to very rich sites. In view of this relatively wide climatic amplitude, a large variability in productivity can be expected. It is particularly important to consider the growth performance of Pacific silver fir when decisions
are made regarding whether or not to cut stands on high-elevation sites. In the study summarized here, relationships between Pacific silver fir site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and site index models using these measures as predictors were developed.
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Klinka, Karel, Han Y. H. Chen, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to site quality in northern British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/700.
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Accurate and reliable predictions of site index (height of dominant trees at a reference age, usually 50 years at breast-height) for timber crop species is essential for silvicultural site-specific decision making. Site index can be predicted from site quality once the relationship between site index and site quality has been quantified. Site quality is defined as the sum of all environmental factors affecting the biotic community, such as the factors directly influencing the growth of vascular plants (light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration). Since these factors vary greatly in time, indirect estimates of site quality have widely been used as predictors for site index in various multiple regression models.
Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widely distributed broadleaf species in British Columbia, especially in the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) biogeoclimatic zone. Growing this species for sustainable timber production requires a good understanding of its productivity attributes and accurate predictions of its growth. This extension note presents (1) relationships between trembling aspen site index and some indirect measures of site quality, and (2) site index prediction models using the indirect measures of site quality as predictors.
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Walters, David K. "An examination of methods for localizing site index equations." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80109.
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Equations for modeling the height-age pattern of forest trees or stands are typically developed for a given species in a specified region. In order to adequately model height-age patterns, the resulting equations are often quite complex. This study addresses the question of how to increase the accuracy and precision of the prediction of height-age relationships through the use of localized equations.
Although the pattern of height-age relationships of loblolly pine plantations was studied, the methodology should prove valuable for other species as well. The Schumacher logarithm of height-reciprocal of age model was fitted to data from loblolly pine plantations to attain an average guide curve. Various methods of localizing this equation to a particular stand were examined. The methods are based on empirical Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and Kalman filter theory. All of these methods employ the general concept of feedback in localizing the simple equation. The best of these various models is compared with the unadjusted model and a more complex polymorphic equation. The adjusted model compares favorably with these other two models.Master of Science
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Klinka, Karel, R. E. (Reid E. ). Carter, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Relationships between coastal Douglas-fir site index and synoptic categorical measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/682.
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Knowledge of ecological characteristics of trees, sites and tree growth on different sites is fundamental for silvicultural decision-making and planning. With the biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in place, silvicultural management in British Columbia has been given an ecological foundation; however, relationships between growth and site have not yet been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine how height growth of Douglas-fir within the drier portion of the CWH zone varies with site.
We adopted site index (m @ 50 yr bh) as a species-specific measure of forest productivity, recognizing that it indicates height growth performance at a selected point in time. If forest productivity is correlated with ecological measures of site
quality, what site factors should be used to quantify the relationships? Because of compensating effects, the numerous site factors can be reduced to four primary (synoptic) factors that directly affect plant establishment and growth: climate (light and temperature), soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration (not used in this study).
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Karellis, Angeliki. "Development of risk-index tool to predict surgical site infections." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117077.
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Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common complications following surgery. SSIs can incur many consequences for the patient including extended hospital stay, increased hospital costs, increased risk of entering the ICU as well as increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There are three types of SSIs: superficial incisional SSIs, the most common yet the least severe, deep incisional SSIs and organ/space SSIs, the most life-threatening. Due to the high emergence of resistant bacteria, treatment with common antibiotics is ineffective in the majority of patients with an SSI. Therefore, more attention must be paid preoperatively and intraoperatively to prevent SSIs rather than to treat these infections. The data of the literature have identified risk factors that predispose surgical patients to SSIs, however validated risk-index tools have not been developed to quantify the risk of SSI. The data for this study was obtained from the NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database established at the JGH and included patients undergoing surgery at this institution between November 2009 and December 2011. The database was selected because it is prospective, non-biased and comprehensive. Bivariate analyses and stepwise multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the following five risk factors that were independently and significantly associated with the risk of an SSI: male gender, inpatient status, hypertension, corticosteroid use and partial or total dependence for everyday activities prior to surgery. Logistic regression models with an ROC curve analysis were used to develop a risk scoring tool for SSI and limits for incremental risk categories. Patients with a score below 43.17 were at low-risk, those with a score between 43.17 and 63.40 were at moderate-risk and those with a score above 63.40 were at high-risk for SSI development. Compared to low-risk patients, moderate-risk patients had a relative risk of 3.963 (p<0.001, 95% CI=2.58-6.08) of developing an SSI and high-risk patients had a relative risk of 6.48 (p<0.001, 95% CI=4.16-10.10) of acquiring an SSI. Overall, approximately 3% of low-risk patients, 10% of moderate-risk patients and 16% of high-risk patients of the NSQIP database developed any type of SSI. In this study, a simple risk tool for quantifying SSI risk created at the JGH was developed. The tool has external validity for the JGH population. Validation in other populations will be required in future studies.Les infections du site opératoire (ISO) constituent une des plus fréquentes complications à la suite d'une chirurgie. Les ISOs ont plusieurs conséquences chez le patient incluant un séjour prolongé à l'hôpital, des coûts d'hôpitaux plus élevés, un risque plus accru de requérir des soins intensifs ainsi qu'un risque de morbidité et de mortalité plus élevé. Il existe trois types d'ISOs : ISO incisionelle superficielle, le plus commun néanmoins le moins sérieux, ISO incisionelle profonde et ISO d'organe et/ou d'espace, le plus dangereux des trois. À cause de l'émergence accrue des bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques, les traitements de certaines ISOs sont inefficaces chez la majorité des patients avec une ISO. En conséquence, plus d'attention doit être fournie avant et pendant la chirurgie afin de prévenir à tout prix les ISOs au lieu de se concentrer sur les traitements de cettes infections. Les données pris de la littérature scientifique ont identifié des facteurs de risque qui prédisposent les patients chirurgicaux pour le développement des ISOs. Cependant, aucun modèle de risque valide n'a été produit afin de quantifier le risque de développer un ISO. Les données pour cette étude ont été obtenues grâce à la base de données NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) établie à l'Hôpital Général Juif et incluent les patients qui ont subi une chirurgie à cet hôpital entre novembre 2009 et décembre 2011. Nous avons choisi d'utiliser la base de données NSQIP puisqu'elle est prospective, impartiale et compréhensive. Des analyses bivariées et des régressions logistiques multivariées ont été employées afin d'identifier les cinq facteurs de risque suivants qui sont indépendamment et significativement associés avec le risque d'un ISO : le sexe male, l'hospitalisation du patient, l'hypertension, l'usage de corticostéroïdes et la dépendance (partielle ou totale) pour des activités quotidiennes avant la chirurgie. Des modèles de régression logistique avec une analyse de courbe ROC ont été utilisés pour développer un outil de pointage de risque pour ISO et délimite les catégories en incréments de risque. Les patients avec un score inférieur de 43.17 sont considérés des patients à risque minime de développer un ISO, ceux avec un score entre 43.17 et 63.40 ont un risque modéré d'acquérir un ISO et ceux avec un score de 63.40 ou plus haut ont un risque élevé pour le développement d'un ISO. Comparé à des patients qui ont un risque minime, les patients avec risque modéré ont un risque relatif de 3.96 fois (p<0.001, 95% CI=2.58-6.08) de développer un ISO et les patients à risqué élevé ont un risque relatif de 6.48 (p<0.001, 95% CI=4.16-10.10) d'acquérir un ISO. Dans cette étude, un outil de risque simple afin de quantifier le risque d'ISO à l'hôpital Général Juif a été développé. L'outil possède la validité externe pour la population de cet hôpital. La validation pour les autres populations sera requise dans des études futures.
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Wenceslao, Pablo Daniel. "Kinetic index : an exploration of site and program in flux." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34420.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.Page 61 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Sites and programs are in constant flux and are affected by environmental, social, and economic forces they encounter. This thesis explores the ways kinetic architecture mediates between the site and programs in flux. Programmatic flux requires the architecture to adapt through overlapping and transformable space while responding to the forces on the site through an understanding of their paths and boundaries. Kinetic spaces are carefully programmed to allow for flexibility over time but are also conscious in preventing under-programmed or unprogrammed space. Site and program interact through the exchange of social and environmental forces that impact each other simultaneously. The forces on the site will not only affect the architecture but the architecture will have an important impact on the reconstructed site and its environment.
by Pablo Daniel Wenceslao.
M.Arch.
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Silva, Margarida Isabel Mendes. "Contribuições para o estudo do Site Index da Eucalyptus globulus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9938.
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Mestrado em Matemática e AplicaçõesO Site Index é um indicador da produtividade florestal que, no caso da espécie Eucalyptus globulus, corresponde à altura dominante dos povoamentos à idade de referência de 10 anos. O presente trabalho consiste num estudo de predição do Site Index para essa espécie, em função de parâmetros edafo-climáticos, aplicando métodos da análise estatística multivariada a um conjunto de observações recolhidas em Portugal. Os métodos estatísticos usados convencionalmente não são robustos, no sentido em que são muito sensíveis a observações discordantes (outliers) e a outros afastamentos dos pressupostos dos modelos, pelo que podem conduzir a resultados distorcidos. Atualmente existem versões alternativas robustas, mas não estão muito divulgadas na investigação florestal. No estudo aplicaram-se os métodos convencionais seguidos das respetivas versões robustas e exploraram-se diferenças nos resultados. De entre as variáveis ambientais relacionadas com o Site Index, identificaram-se as que mais contribuem para explicar a variabilidade das observações, aplicando Análise de Componentes Principais. Um fator caraterizado por variáveis climáticas (o deficit-hídrico), distinguiu claramente dois grupos de indivíduos que foram caraterizados pela Análise de Agrupamentos. O grupo com deficithídrico encontra-se em regiões cujas condições climáticas se traduzem em deficiente disponibilidade da água para potenciar o crescimento das plantas, enquanto o grupo sem deficit-hídrico surge em regiões onde a disponibilidade de água não é limitante para o crescimento. Para cada grupo, a dependência do Site Index relativamente às variáveis ambientais foi modelada por Regressão Linear em Componentes Principais, para superar as dificuldades decorrentes da correlação entre diversas dessas variáveis. Do ponto de vista da modelação, o trabalho não conduziu a avanços relevantes em relação às publicações existentes, mas ainda permitiu identificar as variáveis climáticas que, em cada grupo, mais contribuem para a distribuição do Site Index e evidenciar os benefícios da utilização de métodos robustos.
The Site Index is an indicator of forest productivity. In the case of Eucalyptus globulus it corresponds to the height of dominant stand evaluated at the age of reference of 10 years. The present document consists of a study of the prediction of the Site Index of that species as a function of site factors parameters. A data set sampled at Portugal was analyzed with multivariate statistical methods. Those methods are non robust when they are applied in a conventional way, in the sense that they are very sensitive to outliers and to deviations of the assumptions of the model, thus they might produce misleading results. Nowadays there exist alternative robust versions which give more safe results, but they are not very disseminated among forestry researchers. The study was developed with both the conventional and the robust approaches and pointing out different conclusions whenever they are relevant. Among environmental variables, it was used Principal Component Analyze for selecting those with major contributions for explaining the variability in data. That method made possible to identify two groups of observations located in different geographical regions. A factor characterized by climate variables (hidryc-deficit) clearly distinguishes the two groups of individuals which were characterized by a Cluster Analyze. The group with water deficit corresponds to regions whose climatic characteristics traduce poor availability of water for enhancing the growth of the plants, while the group without water deficit is located in regions where the availability of water is not a limiting factor for plants’ growth. For each group of observations the dependence of the Site Index on the environmental variables was modeled by Linear Regression in Principal Components, thus overcoming the problems caused by correlation between several environmental variables. The study did not produce a relevant improvement in modeling the Site Index; nevertheless it was possible to identify the variables which contribute more for its distribution and to highlight the benefits of using robust statistical methods.
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Cotton, Claudia Ann. "Improving Site Quality Estimates in the Upland Hardwood Forests of the Southern Appalachians with Environmental and Spatial Modeling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37636.
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In the upland hardwood forests of the southern Appalachians, management tools are needed based on the characteristics of the site to quantify the site quality where no accurate maps of site quality exist. Three studies were conducted to achieve this objective. The first study tested if independent measures of forest productivity, based on vegetation and environment, in a six-county study area in the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina would correlate with measures of forest productivity obtained from U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) data. Specific hypotheses included: FIA measures of forest productivity are related to one another; FIA measures of forest productivity are related to FIA-measured landscape parameters; and FIA measures of forest productivity are related to independent measures of forest productivity based on landscape parameters and soil characteristics. Four predictive indices of forest productivity were used; three were generated in a geographic information system (GIS). FIA measures of forest productivity were not significantly correlated to FIA measured landscape parameters. FIA site productivity classes were significantly correlated to FIA measures of site index. Independent measures of forest productivity, particularly the Moisture Regime Index (MRI) and the Forest Site Quality Index (FSQI), were significantly correlated to FIA measures of site index. Topography can be used to delineate site quality, but the addition of soil depth can prove to be useful in the estimation. The second study was designed to develop methods, based on field and digital data, to identify colluvial soils in the central Ridge and Valley of southwestern Virginia. Two hypotheses were tested. First, on the linear side slopes of the study area, where site quality is low in stands with subxeric to xeric moisture regimes, vegetation and topography can indicate colluvial soils. A second hypothesis tested if the topographic signature of colluvial soils could be identified geospatially with a digital elevation model. Results indicated that the MRI and the Terrain Shape Index predicted the presence of colluvial deposits in the study area. The basal area of yellow-poplar was positively associated with colluvial soils. A GIS-based model found the slope difference of colluvial soils to be less steep than residual soils as the size of the neighborhood increased. The final study determined if measures of site quality in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina were related to the water budget. Specifically,the hypothesis that site index could be predicted by variables that represented the inputs, usage, and supply of water was tested. A second hypothesis questioned if site quality classes could be predicted by a combination of topography and the annual water budget. Regression models predicted site index to be a function of topography, available water supply, and the annual water budget, but the accuracy was low (R2=0.11 and 0.13). A classification approach yielded better results. Incorporating the annual water budget into the FSQI increased classification accuracy of predicted site index by 50%, and decreased the number of sites misclassified by one class by 8%. Where accurate maps of site quality do not exist, the MRI, the abundance of yellow-poplar, and the modified FSQI may be used to delineate site quality for site-specific management and, ultimately, greater return on investment for the landowner.Ph. D.
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Coker, Graham William Russell. "Leaf Area Index in Closed Canopies: An indicator of site quality." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1128.
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This study examined leaf area index (LAI) and relationships with corresponding tree growth, climate and soil characteristics across New Zealand forest plantations. The aim of this study was to determine if quick measures of projected leaf area across environmental gradients of New Zealand were an accurate indicator of site quality. Projected leaf areas of Pinus radiata D Don and Cupressus lusitanica Mills seedlings were measured using a Li-Cor LAI-2000 plant canopy analyser at 22 locations representing the soil and climatic diversity across New Zealand plantation forests. Seedlings planted at 40 000 stems per hectare were used to test treatment effects of fertiliser, site disturbance and species over a 4 year period. It was hypothesised that collected climate and soil information would explain differences in LAI development patterns across sites as the canopies approached site and seasonal maxima. Averaged across sites Cupressus lusitanica 7.28 (± 2.59 Std.) m2 m-2 had significantly (p = 0.0094) greater projected LAIs than Pinus radiata 6.47 (± 2.29) m2m-2. Maximum site LAI (LAImax) varied from 2.9 to 11.8 m2 m-2 for Pinus radiata and from 3.1 to 12.6 m2 m-2 for Cupressus lusitanica. LAImax of both species was significantly and positively correlated with vapour pressure deficit, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and CEC, but negatively with solar radiation, temperature and soil bulk density. A seasonal model of LAI across sites illustrated an 8.5% fluctuation in LAI of established canopies over the course of a year. Despite considerable variation in climate and soil characteristics across sites the combined effects of LAI at harvest and temperature were significantly correlated with site productivity (r2 = 0.84 and 0.76 for Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica respectively). A national model of LAImax (r2 = 0.96) was proposed for Pinus radiata across climate and soil environments and the significance of LAImax as a component of site quality monitoring tools is discussed.
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Montaseri, Majid. "Stochastic investigation of the planning characteristics of within-year and over-year reservoir systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/586.
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Klinka, Karel, Qingli Wang, G. G. Wang, K. Dave Coates, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Predicting site index of Lodgepole pine and interior spruce in the sub-boreal spruce zone." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/684.
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Knowledge of ecological site characteristics and tree growth on different sites is fundamental for silvicultural decisionmaking and planning. With biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in place in British Columbia, silvicultural management
has been given an ecological foundation; however, relationships between growth and site quality have not yet been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine how site conditions within the SBS zone affect the height growth of lodgepole pine (Pl) and interior spruce (Sx).
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Thompson, Scott A. "Mine site rehabilitation index using the reptile assemblage as a bio-indicator." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1646.
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Currently in Western Australia there are no mandated standards for assessing rehabilitation success for the mining industry. A decade ago the focus of most mine site rehabilitation programs was to establish good density and cover of vegetation across the disturbed area. While this resulted in rehabilitated sites that were essentially stable and may have looked aesthetically pleasing, it did not necessarily mean that the rehabilitated sites were moving towards the establishment of functional ecosystems. The goal for rehabilitated mined land should be to restore the structure, diversity, function and dynamics, of the undisturbed ecosystem. In many circumstances this will mean the creation of a self-sustaining, functional ecosystem similar to that in the adjacent undisturbed area from which the rehabilitated area will recruit most of its fauna. The need for 'high-quality' rehabilitation has become necessary with the phasing in of performance standards for assessing the development of rehabilitated mine sites. Mine site rehabilitation should be viewed as managing succession processes towards the creation of ecosystems that are functionally compatible with that which existed before the disturbance or in the adjacent undisturbed areas.
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Klinka, Karel, Pavel Krestov, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Relationships between site index of major tree species in the ESSF zone and ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/720.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of ecological characteristics of sites and growth of trees on different sites is fundamental for silvicultural decision-making and planning. With the biogeoclimatic
ecosystem classification in place in British Columbia, silvicultural management has been given an ecological foundation; however, relationships between growth and site quality have not yet been fully investigated, particularly for high-elevation tree species and sites. One of the contributing factors for this situation is limited knowledge of forest productivity in the high-elevation Mountain Hemlock (MH) and Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir (ESSF) biogeoclimatic zones. Consequently, the management and planning in the high-elevation forest is fraught with difficulties and uncertainties. Current harvest
rates of old-growth forest stands and the method and distribution of cuttings in these zones suggest that there needs to be more recognition of the uppermost elevation
limit for harvesting.
Subalpine fir (Bl), Engelmann spruce (Se), and lodgepole pine (Pl) are important timber crop species in the interior high-elevation forest which is represented predominantly
by the subalpine boreal ESSF zone. This zone extends from 49° to approximately 57° N latitude and from approximately 900 to 1,700 m in the north, from 1,200 to 2,100 m in central BC, and from 1,500 to 2,300 m in the south. In view of this relatively wide climatic and edaphic amplitude, a large variability in productivity is expected.
The objective of this study was to quantify relationships between site index (height @ 50 yrs @ bh) of Bl, Se, and Pl, and three ecological determinants of site quality: climate,
soil moisture, and soil nutrients. Quantitative relationships between site index and these measures provide predictive models for estimating site index. Additionally, we compared
the site indices of the three study species to each other to examine their early height growth performance on the same sites.
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Klinka, Karel, Gordon J. Kayahara, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Testing site index-site factor relationships for predicting lodgepole pine and interior spruce productivity in central British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/767.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the potential productivity of a tree species becomes especially important when timber production is the primary management objective. However, direct determination of potential productivity is often not possible. For example, in situations
where the site is unstocked, stocked with trees unsuitable for productivity measurement, or stocked with species other than the one of interest. In these cases, an indirect estimate using known characteristics of the site itself is required. Such estimates were made using regression to model site index with indirect measures of site quality for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × P. glauca) in the Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS) zone of central BC. We tested the utility of these productivity relationship models for predicting the site index of lodgepole pine and interior spruce (Kayahara et al. accepted for publication).
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Fuchs, Peter R., Renate Patzschke, Claudia Schmitz, Germán Yenque, and Jesús Briceño. "Archaeological Research at Sechín Bajo Site, Casma." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113518.
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Archaeological research performed at the Sechín Bajo site have yielded new data related to the origins of Andean civilization. Archaeological excavation and geophysical methods carried out to date have revealed a long history of the construction of monumental architecture that lasted about 2000 years. Three buildings have been studied so far, the oldest of which is associated with a circular sunken court; the other two reveal modifications and changes in architectural design. The "Second Building" is characterized by graffiti on an outside wall; the graffitti has a design motif reminescent of a complex mythological being that corresponds to the early Formative period. This is the first time this motif has been found in an architectural context. These new data from the principal nucleus of monumental sites in the Sechín River Valley provide the opportunity to discuss the rise of construction activities related to monumentality in the valley and to other sites of the Archaic and Formative periods in the Andes.Los trabajos de investigación realizados por los autores en el sitio de Sechín Bajo han proporcionado nuevos datos relacionados con los orígenes de la civilización en los Andes centrales. Las prospecciones con métodos geofísicos y excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas hasta la fecha han puesto al descubierto evidencias arquitectónicas de carácter monumental, y una larga historia constructiva de, aproximadamente, 2000 años. De los tres edificios definidos hasta el momento, el más antiguo está asociado a una plaza circular hundida, mientras que los otros dos presentan remodelaciones y cambios en sus diseños arquitectónicos. El denominado Segundo Edificio presenta grafitis en uno de sus muros exteriores, y destaca un motivo que representa a un ser mitológico complejo correspondiente al Periodo Formativo Temprano, registrado por primera vez en un contexto arquitectónico. Estos nuevos datos documentados en el núcleo principal de los grandes complejos de la cuenca del río Sechín brindan la oportunidad para discutir sobre los inicios de las actividades constructivas de carácter monumental en el valle de Sechín y su relación con otros sitios de los periodos Arcaico Tardío y Formativo del área andina.
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Roberts, Mark G. (Mark Gerard). "Supply-side analysis of the commercial office market and a replacement cost index." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69731.
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Klinka, Karel, Gordon J. Kayahara, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Relationship of site index to estimates of soil moisture and nutrients for western redcedar in south coastal British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/765.
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Where timber production is the primary management objective, knowledge of the relationship between the potential productivity of candidate tree species and levels of light, heat, nutrient, moisture and aeration is necessary for species- and site-specific decision making. For example, foresters need to decide which tree species to regenerate on a particular harvested area to obtain maximum sustainable productivity. Similarily, when considering the application of silvicultural
treatments such as spacing or fertilizing, foresters need to determine whether the potential productivity of a particular site warrants the cost of the treatment.
We used the site index (height of dominant trees at breast height age) of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn. ex D. Don.) as a measure of productivity, and described the pattern of mean site index in relation to field identified soil moisure and soil nutrient regimes.
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Sartori, Pedro J. "The Economics of management effort in planted forests: an empirical analysis of fertilization and thinning prescriptions of Pinus taeda in the US South." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102348.
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If a landowner‘s main objective is to maximize his/her profits from planted forest investments, questions such as when and where exactly they should fertilize, thin and clearcut must be answered. We take advantage of an experiment established in 5 different states in the US South. Forest inventory data was collected for different combinations of thinning densities where some of them received fertilization. We use the Land Expectation Value methodology where our assumptions are the infinite amount of Pine rotations while costs and stumpage prices are known and constant, and markets are perfect. One of the main results we found is that fertilization has a decreasing marginal benefit on site index quality.M.S.
If the landowner‘s main objective is to maximize profit from forest investments, questions such as when and where they should fertilize, thin and clearcut must be answered. Fertilization‘s main objective is to provide essential nutrients for tree growth. Thinnings have two main objectives: a source of revenue in the middle of the forest rotation by selling the thinned trees and secondly to open space to the residual trees so they grown in diameter and gain value. We analyze how thinning and fertilization impact forest management from an economic perspective by checking their benefits and costs to landowners. We found that for low site index, fertilization has a positive impact in the sense its benefit is greater than the fertilization application cost. For better site indices, the opposite is true. For those who want to maximize economic benefits from planted forests. we end up with recommendations of which type of thinning and fertilization should be done according to the landowner site quality.
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Burger, Mark Allen. "A wetland trafficability hazard index based on soil physical properties and site hydrology evaluations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42629.
Full textAbstract:
Harvesting of forested wetlands in the Atlantic and Gulf lower coastal plains has the potential to cause intense site disturbance. Often, as a result of poor pre-harvest planning, silvicultural activities are performed on wetland soils highly susceptible to rutting and puddling. Potential decreases in pine productivity have been connected with increased soil strength and decreased aeration that are commonly remnants of site disturbances associated with wet-weather harvesting. A simple and economical rating system is needed to identify soils susceptible to disturbance by various types of equipment. The use of such a system could lower the impact on wetland soils and lower the cost of extensive site preparation methods. Logging efficiency and operational productivity could also be increased by identifying equipment types compatible with site conditions.
The purpose of this study was to characterize and model soil strength as a function of soil physical properties and site characteristics. The soil strength model was subsequently used to develop a trafficability hazard index. Forested wetland sites in the South Carolina coastal plain were characterized to develop the trafficability hazard index. The study site consisted of three blocks located on poorly drained loblolly pine plantations. Five sequences of measurements were taken consisting of soil moisture, water table depth, and soil strength. The five sequences of measurements were taken over a wide range of soil moisture contents and water table depths to characterize the effects on soil strength. Bulk density, porosity, texture, organic matter, and hydraulic conductivity were also determined to characterize the blocks and identify effects on soil strength.
Evaluating the effects of these properties on soil strength identified two relatively easily determined soil properties that could be used for the trafficability index. Volumetric moisture content and penetration resistance of the A horizon were used due to their relationships with trafficability and ease of determination. Estimates of pressure applied to the soil by harvesting equipment were used to find the limits of the sandy loam A horizon to support various types of equipment. Equipment pressures were compared to soil penetration resistance pressures estimated by soil moisture. The trafficability hazard index presented used general ground pressures for various harvesting equipment, but use of specific equipment pressures would provide the best results. Using the trafficability hazard index, sites with less than optimal conditions for traffic can be avoided or special harvesting equipment can be identified to limit site disturbance.Master of Science
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Klink, Tammy. "Evaluation of nurses' perceptions of patients' weight status in relation to their own Body Mass Index (BMI)." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005klinkt.pdf.
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Farinah, Shiara Connell Lenda Jo Ulrich Pamela V. "Perceptions of the size, shape and attractiveness of female body scans relative to body mass index." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/FARINAH_SHIARA_52.pdf.
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Onuki, Yoshio. "The Iconography on Objects from the Kuntur Wasi Site." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113323.
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The archaeological materials associated with the Kuntur Wasi Temple in Cajamarca reveal rich iconographic representations. They are important for revealing the cosmology that gave meaning to the ceremonial activities of the temple, as well as the daily life of the people. This article presents a brief description of the characteristics of the stone sculpture and mural paintings found at Kuntur Wasi. It ascribes a meaning related to the myth and ritual of water and to the important role played by aquatic reptiles such as crocodiles, caimans or anacondas.Los materiales asociados a los templos y tumbas del sitio de Kuntur Wasi, Cajamarca, contienen representaciones iconográficas que conviene analizar para entender mejor la cosmología que daba fundamento a las actividades ceremoniales en el templo y a las de la vida cotidiana del pueblo. El presente trabajo es un avance en tal sentido, pues resume las características de las representaciones figurativas en los monolitos y la pintura mural. El análisis revela que el templo de Kuntur Wasi encierra elementos que permiten descifrar el significado del mito y del culto al agua, así como del papel importante que tenía el reptil acuático —en forma de caimán, cocodrilo o anaconda— para este grupo social.
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Gill, Sandrine. "L'architecture et la sculpture à Sāñcī, Madhya Pradesh, Inde, IIIe s. Av. J. -C. -XIe s. Apr. J. C. , reconsidérées à la lumière des recherches récentes sur l'art indien." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030036.
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Sanchi est un site bouddhiste de l'inde centrale (madhya pradesh), dependant de la ville commercante de vidisha, qui a connu un long developpement du iiie siecle avant notre ere au xie siecle de notre ere. Redecouvert au debut du xixe siecle par les anglais, le site de sanchi fut fouille et restaure, entre 1912 et 1918, par john marshall. Une cinquantaine de monuments (stupa, temples, monasteres,piliers), un important ensemble de bas-reliefs lies aux stupa, des sculptures et un corpus de plus de 800 inscriptions temoignent de la vitalite du site. Au moment de la relance d'un programme de travaux sous l'egide de l'unesco, une synthese des nombreuses publications et une etude des monuments et sculptures sous de nouveaux angles d'analyse s'averait necessaire. Plusieurs phases du developpement du site ont ete determinees : la fondation (iiie s. Av. J. -c. ) ; l'ere des stupa (iie s. Av. J. -c. - debut du ier s. Apr. J. -c. ) ; le developpement des statues et temples (iiie s. - debut viie s. ) ; le temple integre au monastere (fin viie - xie siecle). Cette these entend redefinir les caracteristiques de l'art de sanchi dans un contexte regional et plus general, en insistant sur le langage des formes : composition et procedes narratifs des bas-reliefs des stupa, etapes stylistiques de la sculpture en haut-relief, adaptation de l'architecture et de l'organisation du site a l'evolution du culte. Une demarche similaire de retour aux sens premiers semblait utile dans l'analyse de l'epigraphie associee au stupa, permettant de dresser un tableau du bouddhisme quelque peu different de l'ideal des textesThe buddhist site of sanchi in central india (madhya pradesh), dependent on the commercial city of vidisha, is dated from iiird century b. C. To xith century a,d. Rediscovered in the xixth century a. D. By the british, the site of sanchi was excavated and restored by john marshall, between 1912 and 1918. About fifty monuments (stupas, temples, monasteries and pillars), many bas-reliefs related to stupas, sculptures and a corpus of more than 800 inscriptions are a testimony to the life of the site. As an archaeological program under the supervision of unesco is being conducted, it was necessary to make a synthesis of the numerous publications and a presentation of the monuments of sculptures under new angles of analysis. Several phases have been noted in the development of the site : the foundation (iiird c. B. -c. ); the era of stupas (iind c. B. C. To beginning of ist c. A. D. ; the development of statues and temples (iiird to beginning viith c. A. D. ); the temple integrated with the monastery (end of viith to xith c. A. D. ). The aim of this thesis is to redefine the characteristics of the art of sanchi in a regional and general context, mainly based on the language of forms : composition and narrative process of the stupas bas-reliefs, stylistic stages of sculpture, the adaptation of architecture and of organisation of the site to the evolution of the cult. A similar process of return to the source meaning seemed useful to analyse the epigraphy associated with stupas, leading to an understanding of buddhism somewhat different from the ideals of the religious scriptures
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Klinka, Karel, Bernhard E. Splechtna, Christine Chourmouzis, and Pal Varga. "New height growth and site index models for Pacific silver fir in southwestern British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/686.
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Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) is an important timber crop species in coastal forests of B.C. Its range extends from sea-level to almost timberline, and from the hypermaritime region on the west coast of Vancouver Island to the
subcontinental region on the leeward side of the Coast Mountains. With this relatively wide climatic amplitude, a large variability in the height growth pattern of Pacific silver fir can be expected, since climate is considered to be the most influential determinant
of the trajectory of height over age of forest trees. This variability, however, is not reflected in the height growth curves and site index tables used to estimate Pacific silver fir site index, since the curves and tables were developed from low-elevation stands on
Vancouver Island. Consequently, when these curves and tables are applied to high-elevation or submaritime stands, we get biased estimates of site index. Accurate estimates of site index are necessary for accurate yield predictions. Furthermore, they are essential for making rational decisions about whether to cut the forest in situations where potential tree growth is marginal, such as in high-elevation forests.
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Epstein, Richard A. "¿La literatura sirve como ciencia social? : el caso de George Orwell." IUS ET VERITAS, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122877.
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Breytenbach, Marissa Cornelia. "Die invloed van gemeentedemografie op die fisieke aktiwiteit- en stressimptoomindeks by N.G. predikante / Marissa Cornelia Breytenbach." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/659.
Full textAbstract:
Research among ministers showed that they are experiencing high levels of stress
due to career demands and having to cope with problems on their own (Grosch &
Olsen, 2000:260). This has a detrimental effect on their health (Andrew, 1997:SO).
Participation in physical activity have positive effects on the physical and
psychological well being. Physical activity decrease work stress and increase
work satisfaction and -stamina (Dreyer & Strydom, 1992:28).
The objectives of this study was to determine the profiles of physical activity
participation and the incidence of stress symptoms in relation to congregation type
and congregation size in ministers, as well as the influence of physical activity on the
relationship between stress symptoms and congregation demography (type and size).
Congregation demography was divided into congregation type (location) as well as
congregation size (number of church members).
In this study a single cross sectional design that has been based on an availability
profile has been used. The subjects were 340 ministers of the Dutch Reformed
Church, who volunteered to participate in the study. The quality of participation in
physical activity was determined with Sharkey's (1997:432) physical activity index
The incidence of stress symptoms was determined with Burn's (1988) stress index and
the congregation demography was determined by a self-reported questionnaire.
The data was analysed by means of a one-way analysis of variance. From the data it is
clear that the majority of the respondents were physically inactive and have a low
incidence of stress symptoms in relation to congregation demography. The results of
the stress symptoms may be attributed to the fact that religion and belief in God may
play a vital role in the management of stress. Physical activity participation indicated
a statistical significant (p≤0.05) influence on the relationship between stress
symptoms and congregation demography. A highly practical significant difference
(ES≥0.8) existed between high active and low active ministers working in
congregations in rural areas. Physical activity participation also showed a moderate
practical significant influence (ES≥0.5) on the relationship between stress symptoms
and congregation demography (type and size).
It was concluded that physical activity presented a salutogenic effect on psychological
well-being among ministers and that congregation demography can influence physical
and psycho-emotional health threats of Dutch Reformed ministers.Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Lukhele, Nomagugu Precious. "Site-specific environmental risk assessment for phosphorus runoff." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1291.
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Thesis (MSc. Agriculture (Soil Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural sites and the subsequent loading into surface water bodies contribute to eutrophication. Environmental concerns associated with P loading in soil have motivated the need for the development of a proper tool that will allow farmers to identify agricultural areas or management practices that have the greatest potential to accelerate eutrophication. The objective of the study was to determine the spatial variability of soil test P, soil loss potential of the farm, P application rate and methods, and map P runoff risk across the field. This study was conducted in Vierfontein Boerdery in Kriel, Mpumalanga province, South Africa (longitude 29.11258833 and latitude -26.27104340). The field was under dryland cultivation and planted to yellow maize that was rotated with soybeans. Soil samples were taken at georeferenced locations in a 100 x 100 m grid for soil analysis. Spatial layers of soil P distribution, soil loss potential as well as application rate and method were created in ArcGIS software. These layers were used as input factors in a P index model to identify areas in the farm that are vulnerable to P runoff. Results indicated a variation in soil test P. Although soil test P variation was not statistically different at P≤0.05, variation had both agronomic and environmental implications. This variation could be attributed to differences in site-specific conditions and management practices. Furthermore, soil loss potential across the study site predicted by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) showed variation with a range of 3-15 tons/ha/yr. This variation was attributed to differences in topographic variations in the study site. There is a need for best management practices that control soil erosion to minimize P runoff into water bodies. KEYWORDS: Eutrophication, Geographic Information System, Phosphorus best management practises, Phosphorus runoff index, Soil erosion, Site-specific management.
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Curtis, Merrilyn. "Surgical site infections within the vascular surgical patient : identification of an appropriate index for risk stratification /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18233.pdf.
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Guadalupe, Báscones Julio. "Operador económico autorizado : cuando el control aduanero sirve a los fines de la facilitación." IUS ET VERITAS, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123267.
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Seki, Yuji, Juan Pablo Villanueva, Masato Sakai, Diana Alemán, Mauro Ordóñez, Walter Tosso, Araceli Espinoza, Kinya Inokuchi, and Daniel Morales. "New Evidence Unearthed from the Pacopampa Archaeological Site in the North Highlands of Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113343.
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In this article, we present data recently recovered from excavations at the Pacopampa archaeological site, carried out by the Pacopampa Archaeological Project, the National University of San Marcos, Perú, and the National Museum of Ethnology, Japan. The principal objective of this project is to reconfirm the chronology of the site, which is characterized by two phases previously developed by Peruvian archaeologists using radiocarbon data and their relation to architectural components. Although not all of the site’s architectural design is known, there is evidence to suggest that the ceremonial center at the site was established during the Pacompampa I phase (cal BC 1200-800), and was completely modified during the Pacopampa II phase (cal BC 800-500). The architecture presently observed from the surface of the site generally belongs to the last phase. The architectural changes at the site reflect a shift in power manipulated by leaders. Moreover, we have discovered a later occupation at the site, Pacopampa III phase (cal BC 500-1), which dates just before the abandonment of the Sunken Court located on the uppermost platform. The Sunken Court was sealed ritually in the last phase by the Cajamarca Culture during the Early Intermediate Period.En este artículo se presentan los avances del Proyecto Arqueológico Pacopampa, organizado por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y el National Museum of Ethnology de Osaka, Japón. El principal logro de este proyecto, que investiga en el sitio del mismo nombre desde 2005, es la verificación cronológica del asentamiento —caracterizada por la presencia de dos fases propuestas por anteriores investigadores— sobre la base de fechados radiocarbónicos y la correlación estratigráfica de sus componentes arquitectónicos. Aunque no se conoce la configuración arquitectónica en su integridad, se ha podido determinar que el centro ceremonial fue edificado en la fase Pacopampa I (c. 1200-900 a.C. [calib.]), y que fue totalmente remodelado en la fase Pacopampa II (c. 900-500 a.C. [calib.]), a la que corresponden casi todas las estructuras visibles en la superficie. Esta reconfiguración podría haber respondido a un cambio en el manejo del poder en el sitio. Además, se ha reportado una tercera fase de ocupación (Pacopampa III, c. 500-1 a.C. [calib.]), anterior a su abandono total, el que es evidente al observar el sello ritual de la Plaza Cuadrangular Hundida de la tercera plataforma en la última fase, que corresponde a la cultura Cajamarca, es decir, ya en el Periodo Intermedio Temprano.
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Klinka, Karel, David James Brisco, Gordon D. (Gordon Donald) Nigh, and Christine Chourmouzis. "New height growth models for western larch in British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/699.
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Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is a locally important species in the Nelson Forest Region, and to a lesser extent, in the Kamloops Forest Region. Its range extends from west of the Rockies to Okanagan Lake, and north to Salmon Arm, in the IDF, ICH, MS, and ESSF biogeoclimatic zones. Prior to this study, the site index curves developed for western larch in western Montana were used to model height and estimate site index in British Columbia. It has been suggested that these curves may not adequately reflect the height growth patterns of western larch in BC. Differences could arise from
genetics, different methods of selecting sample trees, or climatic differences. The objective of this project was to produce accurate height growth models for western larch in BC.
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NAGASAKA, KEN, KOJI TAMAKOSHI, KUNIHIRO MATSUSHITA, HIDEAKI TOYOSHIMA, and HIROSHI YATSUYA. "DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDITY OF THE JAPANESE VERSION OF BODY SHAPE SILHOUETTE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-RATING SILHOUETTE AND MEASURED BODY MASS INDEX." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10546.
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Mourato, Pedro. "How differently do our non-large companies listed on the Portuguese stock exchange perform?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9905.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsBehind the glamour of the largest and more mature companies listed on Stock Exchanges all over the world there is a much larger segment of companies also listed that tend to perform differently from the most visible ones. This visibility is also magnified by the fact that those large companies are part of the sample indices computed for most markets in order to translate the entire listed market with a small but manageable sample of companies. However, on many exchanges new indices have been created to place the different segments of the remaining listed market – micro, small and medium capitalization companies – under the spotlight of investors. This not only brings more visibility to these non-large firms, but also contributes to improving the liquidity of these companies and, more importantly, to uncovering the so-called Size Effect. Through the construction of a new MidCap share Index, this work aims to bring visibility to our companies that are not included in the PSI20 Index and check the existence of the above mentioned Size Effect in our market.
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Matsumoto, Yuichi. "Use of Ritual Space at the Site of Sajara-patac and its Implication to the "Chavín Phenomenon"." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113352.
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Excavations at the site of Sajara-patac in the upper Huallaga basin offer an opportunity to understand the nature of use of ritual space during the Early Horizon. The new evidence from Sajara-patac revealed the integrated relationship among ritual activities, feasting, and renovation of ceremonial architectures. Though the way of using ritual space at Sajara-patac shows its affiliation to Chavín sphere of interaction, religious ideology of Chavín de Huántar was accepted through local re-interpretations.Las excavaciones realizadas en el sitio de Sajara-patac, en la cuenca del alto Huallaga, ofrecen una oportunidad de entender la naturaleza del manejo del espacio ritual durante el Horizonte Temprano. Las nuevas evidencias han revelado la relación integral entre las actividades rituales, los festines y la renovación de arquitectura ceremonial. Aunque el manejo del espacio ritual en Sajara-patac muestra su filiación a la esfera de interacción chavín, la ideología religiosa de Chavín de Huántar fue aceptada mediante interpretaciones locales.
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Onur, Emine Mercan. "PREDICTING THE PERMEABILITY OF SANDY SOILS FROM GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1389550812.
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Jiang, Huiquan. "Incorporating Climate Sensitivity for Eastern United States Tree Species into the Forest Vegetation Simulator." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75220.
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Detecting climate-induced effects in forest ecosystems become increasingly important as more evidence of greenhouse-gas-related climate change were founded. The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is an important growth and yield model used to support management and planning on public forest lands over the southern United States, however its prediction accuracy was challenged due to its climate- insensitive nature. The goal of this study was to develop species-specific prediction models for eastern U.S. forest tree species with climate and soil properties as predictors in order to incorporate the effects of climate and soils-based variables on forest growth and yield into FVS-Sn. Development of climate- sensitive models for site index, individual-tree mortality and diameter increment were addressed separately, which were all developed using Random Forests on the basis of USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program linked to contemporary climate data and soil properties mapped in the USDA Soil Survey Geographic SSURGO database. Results showed climate was a stronger driver of site index than soils. When soils and climate were used together, site index predictions for species grouped as conifers or hardwoods were almost as precise as species-specific models for many of the most common eastern forest tree species. Model comparison was conducted to pursue the most suitable individual-tree mortality prediction model for 20 most important species among Logistic Regression, Random Forests, and Artificial Neural Networks. Results showed that Random Forests with all indicators involved generally performed well, especially sound for species with medium and high mortality. At a chosen threshold, it frequently achieved the equally highest value of sensitivity and specificity among chosen candidates. To evaluate the prediction ability of Random Forests model on individual-tree diameter increment, Multiple Linear Regression model was built as baseline on each of most common 20 species eastern U.S. area. Comparison results showed that Random Forests gained advantages in model validation and future projection under climate change. Using the developed climate-sensitive models, multiple maps were produced to illustrate how forest tree growth, yield, and mortality of individual tree may change in the eastern U.S. over the 21st century under several climate change scenarios.Ph. D.
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Klinka, Karel, Han Y. H. Chen, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Site index curve and table for trembling aspen in the boreal white and black spruce zone of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/766.
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Oates, Mark. "Observations of Gonad Structure and Gametogenic Timing in a Recovering Population of Ostrea lurida (Carpenter 1864)." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13329.
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From January 2012 to December 2012 I collected adult oysters from two intertidal populations on a monthly basis in the Coos Bay estuary, Oregon for histological analysis of their gonads. Gametogenesis and spawning occur seasonally from May through September, when water temperatures exceed 14.5° C, with brooding oysters found from July through September. Oocyte diameters increased significantly from May to June, and from June to July within oyster populations at Haynes Inlet and Coalbank Slough, respectively. Male gametogenesis initiated in May at Haynes Inlet and in June at Coalbank Slough. Dry meat condition values increased significantly during periods of reproduction and decreased following the reproductive season's end. Condition index values for Coalbank Slough were consistently lower than those at Haynes Inlet, suggesting poor nutrition or physiological stress. Salinities below recorded physiological thresholds are believed to be the primary environmental factor influencing the discrepancy in reproductive activity at Coalbank Slough.
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Doig, Camino Elizabeth. "Un análisis del Teorema del umbral de Peter Whittle para la epidemia general estocástica." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/97238.
Full textAbstract:
En la presente exposición se pretende establecer una comparación entre el teorema del umbral de Kermack y McKendrick correspondiente a un modelo epidémico determinístico y el teorema del umbral de Peter Whittle diseñado para un modelo epidémico estocástico.
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Aghekyan, Marine Connell Lenda Jo Ulrich Pamela V. "The role of body mass index and body shape in perceptions of body attractiveness cross-cultural study /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/AGHEKYAN_MARINE_4.pdf.
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Dulanto, Jahl, and Aldo Accinelli. "Disco Verde fifty years after Frédéric Engel: The first season of excavations of the Paracas archaeological project at the site." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113528.
Full textAbstract:
Discovered and excavated by Frédéric Engel, Disco Verde is a key site to reconstruct a sequence of early pottery styles of the Paracas zone, in particular, and the south coast, in general. In this article, we present the preliminary results of the Paracas Archaeological Project excavations at the site, especially in relation to the stratigraphy, chronometry and associated ceramic styles.Descubierto y excavado hace más de 50 años por Frédéric Engel, Disco Verde es un sitio clave para construir una secuencia deestilos de vasijas de cerámica tempranos de la zona de Paracas en particular y la costa sur en general. En este artículo, presentamoslos resultados preliminares de las excavaciones del Proyecto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Disco Verde, especialmente, en lo concerniente a la estratigrafía, la cronometría y los estilos de cerámica asociados.
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Vega-Centeno, Rafael. "Ritual and Consumption in the Construction of Public Spaces during the Late Archaic Period: The Case of Cerro Lampay Site." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113321.
Full textAbstract:
Excavations at the site of Cerro Lampay allow evaluation of the role of ritual activities, such as feasting, in the organization of construction during the late Archaic Period. Excavations have provided a detailed documentation of building procedures that ended in the entombment of architectural compounds. Particularly important is that there was not a single, large-scale construction event, but several small-scale events that were accompanied by processing and consumption activities. This pattern strongly suggests a permanent reinforcement of ties and commitments between groups through feasting, which was as a required activity in order to complete the construction of public works. This scenario supports the idea of emerging leadership capable of mobilizing labor for the construction requirements. Nevertheless, the reliance on feasting as ritual practices, and the small scale of these events, suggests a limited power capacity and a weakly formalized authority, which needed to be constantly reinforced through the inferred ritual practices.Las excavaciones realizadas en el sitio de Cerro Lampay, ubicado en el valle de Fortaleza, costa norcentral del Perú, permiten evaluar el rol de actividades, como los festines, en la organización de labores constructivas dentro del contexto del Periodo Arcaico Tardío. Estas excavaciones permitieron obtener un registro detallado de un proceso constructivo que concluyó con el "enterramiento" de los conjuntos arquitectónicos. Algo notorio es que la construcción no se dio en un solo evento, sino a lo largo de varios de pequeña escala antecedidos por actividades de procesamiento y consumo de alimentos. Este patrón de comportamiento sugiere que las actividades de consumo eran requeridas para la conducción de la construcción, probablemente como un mecanismo de refuerzo de compromisos establecidos entre el anfitrión del acto de consumo y quienes realizarían la construcción. Este escenario plantea la existencia de liderazgos emergentes, capaces de movilizar mano de obra para construcción. Sin embargo, el recurso de convocatoria a "festines" como prácticas ritualizadas y la pequeña escala de dichos eventos sugieren una capacidad de poder y convocatoria limitada y una autoridad no formalizada que requerirían de un reforzamiento constante por medio de las prácticas inferidas.
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Béjar, Ives S. "La cantera inca de Rumiqolca, Cusco." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113642.
Full textAbstract:
The Rumiqolca Quarry, CuscoThe finely carved blocks at the Rumiqolca quarry site reveal important data on technology, concerning the selection of the blocks, reduction procedures, polish and transport from the site to their final insertion in the walls of buildings at Cusco, in an unbroken sequence from Pachacutec’s times to the Spanish invasion.Los bloques líticos finamente trabajados en la cantera de Rumiqolca, en el Cusco, revelan importantes datos acerca de los procedimientos técnicos empleados, desde la clasificación de las rocas, el desbaste, el pulido y el transporte, hasta el asentamiento de las piezas en los muros de los edificios del Cuzco. Esto se enmarca en una secuencia continuada desde el gobierno del Inca Pachacutec hasta la invasión española.
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Klinka, Karel, Pal Varga, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Quantitative characterization of field-estimated soil nutrient regimes in the coastal forest." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/702.
Full textAbstract:
One of the key factors in the site classification of the biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification is soil nutrient regime. Soil nutrient regime (SNR) represents the amount of essential soil nutrients available to plants over a period of several years. SNRs classes are assessed based on field identifiable (qualitative) criteria, not using quantitative measures. There have been several studies that attempted to quantitatively characterize regional soil nutrient gradients in the Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) zone. In the study summarized here, the soils are influenced by a perhumid cool mesothermal climate.
The objective of the study was to examine relationships between soil chemical properties and field-estimated SNRs.
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Klinka, Karel, Han Y. H. Chen, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Quantitative characterization of field-estimated soil nutrient regimes in the subalpine interior forest." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/716.
Full textAbstract:
Site classification of the biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification system is based on climatic regime (expressed by biogeoclimatic subzone), soil moisture regime (SMR), and soil nutrient regime (SNR). A SNR represents a segment of a regional soil nutrient
gradient, i.e., a population of soils which provide similar levels of plant-available nutrients over a long period. SNR is identified in the field using a number of easily observable soil morphological properties and indicator plant species. However, we do not know the extent to which soil nutrient properties are supported by these indirect field-estimates. There have been several studies that quantitatively characterized regional soil nutrient gradients in different climatic regions (see Sciencia Silvica Number 21 for
subalpine coastal forests), but this has not been done in the subalpine interior forest (Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir (ESSF) zone) where soils are influenced by a continental subalpine boreal climate. In the study summarized here, relationships between
soil chemical properties and field-estimated SNRs are examined and soil chemical properties and field-identified SNRs are related to the site index of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex
Engelmann) - two major timber crop species in the ESSF zone.
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Härström, Bo, and Daniel Melkstam. "Maskinell sådd av tall i södra Sverige : Framgångsfaktorer för lyckat resultat." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99013.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med studien var att följa upp resultatet från maskinell sådd av tall efter 1-3 växtsäsonger och ge förståelse för vilka parametrar som har störst påverkan på såddresultatet. Studien gjordes genom att göra fältinventering på 17 lokaler föryngrade med maskinell sådd från åren 2016-2018 belägna i trakterna av Växjö, Vimmerby och Skövde.Resultaten visar att 47 % av sådderna uppfyller Skogsstyrelsens föreskrifter för plantantal och nollytor vid föryngring. Nollytor är största anledningen till att föryngringar inte klarar kraven.Plantantalet ökade med ökande antal fröträd och ståndortsindex och mindre konkurrens av övrig markvegetation.Nederbördsmängd var ingen begränsande faktor för högt plantantal. Angående temperatursumman under vegetationsperioden gick det inte att påvisa påverkan på såddens resultat.2 % av plantorna hade betesskador och betesskadorna ökade med planthöjden upp till 40 centimeter.