Academic literature on the topic 'Sir William Flood'

This article discusses three films made about the Sir George Williams Affair: Crisis at Sir George (1998 ), An(other) Antilles (2013 ) and the widely distributed National Film Board film Ninth Floor (2016 ). It comprises a critique of the latter, arguing that Ninth Floor’s impact is to undermine political protest, denying the significance of the events both at the time and in the history of Black activism in Canada.

This article discusses three films made about the Sir George Williams Affair: Crisis at Sir George (1998 ), An(other) Antilles (2013 ) and the widely distributed National Film Board film Ninth Floor (2016 ). It comprises a critique of the latter, arguing that Ninth Floor’s impact is to undermine political protest, denying the significance of the events both at the time and in the history of Black activism in Canada.

Norman McOmish Dott (1897–1973) developed surgical neurology in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was a scholar of worldwide renown. One of Dott's most notable contributions to neurosurgery was his understanding of hypothalamic physiology, mostly acquired through the comprehensive study of patients with lesions involving this region of the diencephalon, particularly craniopharyngiomas (CPs). Recognition of symptoms caused by hypothalamic disturbances allowed him to predict the accurate anatomical relationships between CPs and the hypothalamus, despite the rudimentary radiological methods available during the 1930s. His sophisticated knowledge permitted Dott to perform radical removals of CPs originating within the third ventricle floor with acceptable success. Between 1934 and 1937, he operated on 4 CP cases originating in the hypothalamus, achieving a satisfactory postoperative outcome in 3 of the 4 patients. Aware of the strong attachment of hypothalamic CPs to the infundibulo-tuberal area, Dott used a double transbasal and transventricular approach to these lesions, a strategy providing an optimal view and control of the tumor boundaries. The decisive mentorship of several legendary figures of physiology and neurosurgery greatly influenced Dott's surgical evolution. The experimental pituitary gland work he performed with Sir Edward Sharpey-Schäfer at the beginning of his career stirred Dott's curiosity about the issue of hypothalamus-pituitary relationships. As a result, he decided to move to Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) in 1923, to train in neurosurgery and neuropathology under the guidance of the leaders in these fields, Harvey Williams Cushing (1869–1939) and Percival Sylvester Bailey (1892–1973). They inspired the young Dott and shared with him their clinical and pathological expertise, in addition to their surgical strategies for best approaching and removing these challenging tumors. In time, Dott would come to surpass his mentors. This paper aims to credit Norman M. Dott for his decisive, modern contributions to hypothalamic CP surgery.

Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. 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Consultants and more senior co-resident physicians at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) would call him “Caloy.” Hardly would I hear anybody (including our ENT department secretary) address him as Dr. Reyes. This was not because he was not a respected faculty member. Rather, he was everybody’s friend and he probably preferred to be addressed by his nickname. Dr. Carlos P. Reyes was a tall, friendly guy, easily recognizable while walking through the short PGH corridor stretching from the old ENT Ward (Ward 3) to the old ENT operating room (OR) called Floor 15, later designated as the PGH Nursing Office. He would almost always be holding either an expensive photography camera, electronic gadget, ENT OR instrument, or car magazines – suggesting his varied interests aside from having good knowledge of Otolaryngology, particularly Otology. He would usually stop and chat with an acquaintance about his new medical or non-medical interests. I first met Dr. Caloy when I was the first year resident assigned to the Otology section. He would call me “Ging” while presenting the ear patients at the outpatient department (OPD) Ear Clinic, only to learn later that he would address all unfamiliar persons by that name. He was kind, helpful and very understanding. Equipped with ample information in Otology he gathered from postgraduate studies abroad, he would selflessly share these with the residents in order to sharpen our diagnostic acumen. He would instruct us to rely on concise yet complete clinical examination, involving audiologic evaluation tools and meager radiologic information in considering differential diagnoses. He was quite willing to assist us in our learning processes, particularly on how to distinguish middle ear from inner ear disorders, and cochlear versus retrocochlear diseases. Since we did not have any audiologist at that time, he admonished us to carry out the needed audiometric evaluations on our ear patients ourselves in order to learn both the techniques of the procedures and their limitations. Hence, after the OPD clinic we would not only perform routine pure tone and speech audiometric tests but also special examinations like the Bekesy test, short increment sensitivity index (SISI) test, alternate binaural loudness balance (ABLB) test and the test for tone decay. We would then discuss the test results during our next ear clinic and we would listen and be amazed at how Dr. Caloy would integrate the information and arrive at the complex diagnosis. Dr. Caloy was our mentor at the time when refinements in tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy aroused the excitement and imagination of budding otologists worldwide. Whereas canal down mastoidectomy was the usual norm to safely remove common mastoid pathology like cholesteatoma, Dr. Caloy introduced the concept of intact canal wall mastoidectomy that avoids or mitigates recurrent postoperative cleaning of the mastoid bone. The period was also the dawn of neuro-otology when Dr. William House popularized the transmastoid approach for acoustic neuroma and the endolymphatic mastoid shunt as treatment for Meniere’s disease. In order to teach us the anatomical and surgical principles of performing these procedures, Dr. Caloy set up the first temporal bone dissection laboratory in the country at the mezzanine above the ENT conference room. He would offer the course to all ENT residents-in-training and consultants nationwide. He practically revolutionized the method of otologic surgery by requiring ENT surgeons to practice doing ear surgery in the temporal bone dissection lab prior to performing ear surgeries in the operating room. In addition, he advocated the use of the operating microscope and dental drills in place of the old bone gouges, chisels and bone ronguers. His ideas were later adopted by other ENT training institutions as we see today. The requirement that every ENT resident must undergo temporal bone dissection in the course of his training obviously stemmed from the efforts of Dr. Caloy. Many senior ENT consultants who are still with us today were former students of Dr. Caloy in his temporal bone lab Unfortunately, before finishing my residency training, Dr Caloy expeditiously left the PGH ENT department for unknown reasons. He then set up his private clinic in Quezon City and later joined the ENT department of University of Santo Tomas. Reflecting on the significant yet probably unknown achievements of Dr. Caloy toward the advancement of otology and neuro-otology in our country, I realize how blessed I was to be one of his students during that brief period when he was still with us at UP-PGH. With our profound gratitude Sir, we will always remember you.

This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. 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Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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This article offers an analysis of Protest and Pedagogy: Representation Meanings and Memories an exhibition commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the Sir George Williams Affair. The article revisits the curating process through critical, decolonial and resistive approaches and allows a rare glimpse into the archival records related to the 1969 event, Canada’s most notorious student uprisings, when students took over the seventh-floor faculty lounge and ninth-floor computer centre to protest anti-Black racism in the classroom at Sir George Williams University. By revisiting these events fifty years later, the exhibition asked, What do these archival materials say to us today? The exhibition challenged existing cliched accounts of the affair through deliberate practices of subversion. In exchange, it highlighted lesser-known narratives, through images, sounds, newspaper accounts, official documents and oral testimonies that offer alternative curating methodologies that brings the archives to life.

At its core, this article is concerned with the relationship between Black life and the university. It is focused on those working and studying in and at the interstices of the university—those for which the university itself was made to exclude; those for whom the university cannot begin to know how to include. By attending to the events of the 1969 Sir George Williams Affair, which took place in Montreal, Canada, as well as the events preceding it, I consider how the occupation of the ninth floor computer centre by the university’s Black students operated within a legacy of refusal that can be traced back to an earlier history of resistance, specifically, to acts of marronage. Moreover, this article will seek to advance how the siting of spaces for protest, resistance, and solidarity by Black students illustrates how a lineage of marronage is at once a continuance of a project and practice of an ethics of care.

During my visits to what is now called Tate Britain over a period of many years, I have encountered the art of William Blake presented in a number of ways. At first, in 1966, I found it on the main floor. I knew that it had previously been displayed in an octagonal room with mosaic floor designs (derived from The Marriage of Heaven and Hell) by Boris Anrep, but that was before my time. Later, a selection of Blake’s works was moved to a downstairs gallery that had been constructed for them. Not everyone was happy with this. “They moved Blake to the basement,” Sir Geoffrey Keynes said. Still later, a striking venue was constructed downstairs: a darkened, air-conditioned room with illuminated display cases. I thought of it as the Aquarium, because the Blakes seemed like tropical fish on display there. That lasted for about ten years. Then Blake was upstairs again until, on 14 May 2013, a new exhibition room was opened. Its location is conceived as part of the overall rehang that Tate Britain has named the “Walk through British Art.”

The discovery of Naukratis by Sir William Flinders Petrie more than a hundred years ago resulted in a veritable flood of historical and archaeological research, one which shows no signs of abating. The reason for so much attention lies not only in the discovery of countless Archaic pottery fragments of previously unknown styles but also in the fact that many fragments bear inscriptions in Archaic alphabets. It is not surprising, therefore, that the continuing interest in Naukratis has come primarily from archaeologists, attempting, for example, to explain Egyptian influences upon Greek art by means of Greek contact with Egyptians in Naukratis. However, there have also been numerous attempts within the field of ancient history to evaluate the phenomenon of Naukratis. While this chapter will be devoted to the archaeological material, taking stock of what has been found in the light of the results produced by recent research, the following chapter will present a historical interpretation of this material and the literary sources, based on Karl Polanyi’s ideal-type ‘port of trade’ as discussed above. Naukratis lies 83 km. south-east of Alexandria, in the western part of the Nile delta. There is no direct road between Naukratis and the Cairo–Alexandria motorway, rendering access to the ancient site exceedingly difficult; indeed, it becomes almost impossible in winter, when heavy downpours of rain turn the untarred roads into mud tracks. Nor does Naukratis nowadays offer any architectural attractions to the tourist; furthermore, the old area of excavation, covering about 950×580 m., is largely covered today by a lake. Finally, even the first excavations of 1884–1903 unearthed very little of the temples mentioned in Herodotus 2. 178. It was impossible for me to carry out an autopsy of all the discoveries and finds that have been made, and so I will refer to the available site reports and publications concerning the material from Naukratis. Unfortunately, the former are incomplete in the extreme: they appeared immediately after the campaigns, with no insistence upon comprehensiveness. Many finds were sorted out and destroyed at the excavation site itself; quite a few were distributed to museums, institutions, and private individuals all over the world—in part in return for subscriptions to the Egyptian Exploration Fund—before they could be published. Some of these finds have meanwhile been published in the catalogues of the various museums.

It is a scene of devastation, as far as the eye can see. Swathes of bleak landscape, with strewn boulders embedded in a sticky mass of sandy clay. Here and there are signs of a little more order—distinct spreads of gravel or patches of fine sand. Mostly, though, it looks as though every type of sediment, from fine clay to house-sized blocks, has simply been stirred together and spread across the land. Remove the crops and topsoil of gentle Leicestershire and Suffolk, or of central Germany or Kansas, and this is what lies beneath. Between the ordered sedimentary strata of the distant geological past and the ordered calm of the present is evidence of an only-just-elapsed catastrophe, and two centuries ago, when the science of the Earth was young, the naturalists of those days pondered on what it might mean. There were those like the young William Buckland, both Reader in mineralogy at Oxford and priest (he went on to become Dean of Westminster), who saw in it evidence of the biblical Deluge. Or Jean André de Luc, mentor to the wife of George III, who considered that the large blocks had been fired, like Roman ballista, from the mountains by some powerful but mysterious explosions. Or Sir James Hall, a savant of Edinburgh, who thought that the blocks had been carried into position by tsunamis, generated when large areas of sea floor (he supposed) suddenly popped up like blisters—he was clearly of an intellectually playful disposition. Or Leopold von Buch, who invoked catastrophic mudflows (one such, indeed, did take place in an Alpine valley, the Val de Bagnes, just after von Buch’s paper on this topic was published, when a natural dam burst, scattering mud and boulders far down the valley, and killing many people). But it was that extraordinary polymath, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (a one-time Superintendent of Mines, if you please) who was among the first to sense what had been going on, when he associated the scattered blocks with a great expansion of the Alpine glaciers he was familiar with, and coined the term Eiszeit —the Ice Age.