Relevant bibliographies by topics / SiNx film

Academic literature on the topic 'SiNx film'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "SiNx film"

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Lin, G. P., Po Cheng Kuo, P. L. Lin, Y. H. Fang, and K. T. Huang. "Magnetic Properties of TbCo/(SiNx/Co)n Films." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.785.

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The Tb32Co68/(SiNx/Co)n films (n = 0~3) were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The magnetic anisotropy of all Tb32Co68/(SiNx/Co)n films are perpendicular to the film plane. It is found that the saturation magnetization (Ms) and perpendicular coercivity (Hc⊥ ) of the Tb32Co68/(SiNx/Co)3 film are 263 emu/cm3 and 3592 Oe, respectively. This film appears to be a promising material as a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) medium. The cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images show that the interface roughness between the (SiNx/Co)n layers and TbCo layer increases as n is increased. The rough surface provides more obstacles and pinning sites that hinder the motion of the domain walls at interface between the (SiNx/Co)n layers and TbCo layer. Therefore, the Hc values are profoundly influenced by the interface roughness.
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Dore, Jonathon, Rhett Evans, Bonne D. Eggleston, Sergey Varlamov, and Martin A. Green. "Intermediate Layers for Thin-Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells on Glass Formed by Diode Laser Crystallization." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.866.

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ABSTRACTIntermediate layers between silicon and borosilicate glass are investigated for compatibility with a diode laser crystallization technique for fabrication of thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cells. SiCx, SiNx and SiOx layers or multilayer stacks of these materials have allowed silicon films of 10μm thickness to be successfully crystallized by diode laser irradiation without dewetting, with each option offering different advantages. SiCx allows the most robust crystallization process, while SiOx is the best barrier to contamination and the most stable layer. SiNx offers the best anti-reflection coating for superstrate configured solar cells. Presently, best device performance is achieved with a SiOxintermediate layer with cells achieving up to ∼540 mV open-circuit voltage.
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Saladukhin, Ihar, Gregory Abadias, Vladimir Uglov, Sergey Zlotski, Arno Janse van Vuuren, and Jacques Herman O’Connell. "Structural Properties and Oxidation Resistance of ZrN/SiNx, CrN/SiNx and AlN/SiNx Multilayered Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Technique." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020149.

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In the present work, the structure, stress state and phase composition of MeN/SiNx (Me = Zr, Cr, Al) multilayered films with the thickness of elementary layers in nanoscale range, as well as their stability to high temperature oxidation, were studied. Monolithic (reference) and multilayered films were deposited on Si substrates at the temperatures of 300 °C (ZrN/SiNx and AlN/SiNx systems) or 450 °C (CrN/SiNx) by reactive magnetron sputtering. The thickness ratios of MeN to SiNx were 5 nm/2 nm, 5 nm/5 nm, 5 nm/10 nm and 2 nm/5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) testified to the uniform alternation of MeN and SiNx layers with sharp interlayer boundaries. It was observed that MeN sublayers have a nanocrystalline structure with (001) preferred orientation at 5 nm, but are X-ray amorphous at 2 nm, while SiNx sublayers are always X-ray amorphous. The stability of the coatings to oxidation was investigated by in situ XRD analysis (at the temperature range of 400–950 °C) along with the methods of wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after air annealing procedure. Reference ZrN and CrN films started to oxidize at the temperatures of 550 and 700 °C, respectively, while the AlN reference film was thermally stable up to 950 °C. Compared to reference monolithic films, MeN/SiNx multilayers have an improved oxidation resistance (onset of oxidation is shifted by more than 200 °C), and the performance is enhanced with increasing fraction of SiNx layer thickness. Overall, CrN/SiNx and AlN/SiNx multilayered films are characterized by noticeably higher resistance to oxidation as compared to ZrN/SiNx multilayers, the best performance being obtained for CrN/SiNx and AlN/SiNx with 5 nm/5 nm and 5 nm/10 nm periods, which remain stable at least up to 950 °C.
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Shu, Jonathan B., Susan B. Clyburn, Thomas E. Mates, and Shefford P. Baker. "Effect of oxygen on the thermomechanical behavior of passivated Cu thin films." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 9 (September 2003): 2122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0298.

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The thermomechanical behavior of Cu thin films, 600–1125 nm thick and encapsulated between SiNx barrier and SiNx or AlNx passivation layers on silicon substrates, was studied during thermal cycling between room temperature and 400 or 500 °C using the substrate curvature method. Films were prepared with varying oxygen contents, and the distribution of oxygen through the thickness of selected films was studied before and after thermal cycling using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Large variations in the thermomechanical behavior with oxygen content were found and correlated with segregation of oxygen to the film/barrier and film/passivation interfaces. These variations are thought to be due to recovery of stored misfit dislocation energy, which is, in turn, controlled by oxygen in the film. Effects of oxygen on film deformation through variations in interfacial adhesion and diffusion-induced dislocation glide are considered.
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Zhang, Chi, Majiaqi Wu, Pengchang Wang, Maoliang Jian, Jianhua Zhang, and Lianqiao Yang. "Stability of SiNx Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition at Low Temperature." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123363.

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In this paper, the environmental stability of silicon nitride (SiNx) films deposited at 80 °C by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was studied systematically. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared reflection were used to analyze the element content and atomic bond structure of the amorphous SiNx films. Variation of mechanical and optical properties were also evaluated. It is found that SiNx deposited at low temperature is easily oxidized, especially at elevated temperature and moisture. The hardness and elastic modulus did not change significantly with the increase of oxidation. The changes of the surface morphology, transmittance, and fracture extensibility are negligible. Finally, it is determined that SiNx films deposited at low-temperature with proper processing parameters are suitable for thin-film encapsulation of flexible devices.
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Enisherlova, Kira L., Lev A. Seidman, Ella M. Temper, and Yuliy A. Kontsevoy. "Effect of PECVD SiNx deposition process parameters on electrical properties of SiNx/AlGaN/GaN structures." Modern Electronic Materials 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.7.2.73293.

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The effect of parameters of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes for SiNx film fabrication on the electrical parameters of dielectric/АlGaN/GaN structures has been studied. The effect of growing film composition, additional heterostructure surface treatment with nitrogen plasma before dielectric deposition and HF biasing during treatment on the parameters of the С–V and I–V curves of SiNx/АlGaN/GaN structures has been analyzed. We show that films with nitrogen to silicon concentration ratios of 60 and 40% and a high oxygen content exhibit a decrease in the positive fixed charge in the structures although the I–V curves of the structures exhibit current oscillations. Information has been reported on the effect of PECVD process mode on current oscillation parameters, e.g. period and amplitude, and length of I–V curve section in which oscillations occur. Possible explanation of these oscillations has been suggested. Additional nitrogen plasma treatment of heterostructure surface before monosilane supply to the chamber changes the magnitude and sign of fixed charge and reduces the free carrier concentration in the 2D gas channel of SiNx/АlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Experimental evidence has been provided for the effect of PECVD process parameters and surface preparation on the electrical parameters of the heterostructures grown.
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Zhang, Sam, Deen Sun, and Xianting Zeng. "Oxidation of Ni-toughened nc-TiN/a-SiNx nanocomposite thin films." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 10 (October 2005): 2754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0357.

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Oxidation behavior of Ni-toughened reactively sputtered composite thin films of nanocrystalline TiN and amorphous SiNx [denoted as nc-TiN/a-SiNx(Ni)] was explored to understand the oxidation mechanism. The films were deposited on silicon substrate using a magnetron sputtering technique. Oxidation was carried out from 450 °C up to 1000 °C. The nature of the oxidation was determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microstructure of the oxidized films was studied using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The topography was characterized using atomic force microscopy. It was determined that the oxidation of the nc-TiN/a-SiNx(Ni) thin film proceeds primarily through a diffusion process, in which nickel atoms diffuse outward and oxygen ions inward. The oxidation takes place by progressive replacement of nitrogen with diffused oxygen. Five regions were identified in the oxidized layer from surface into the film. For films doped with 2.1 at.% Ni, a threshold temperature of 850 °C was determined, below which, excellent oxidation resistance prevails but above which, oxidation takes place at exponential rate, accompanied by abrupt increase of surface roughness.
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Yong, Sang Heon, Hyung June Ahn, Sun Jung Kim, Jang Soon Park, Sungyool Kwon, Sung Min Cho, Donggeun Jung, and Heeyeop Chae. "Room Temperature Deposition of SiNx and Plasma Polymer Layers for Flexible Multilayer Barrier Films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes." Nano 13, no. 07 (July 2018): 1850082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018500820.

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In this work, silicon nitride (SiNx) films were deposited on plastic substrates at room temperature close to 30[Formula: see text]C on polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN) films in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor with trisilylamine (TSA, N(SiH[Formula: see text]) precursor and ammonia for flexible moisture barrier films. Moisture barrier property is improved as SiNx layer gets thicker, but cracks are found at thicker films above 300[Formula: see text]nm or more. And the barrier performance of the thicker layers is degraded significantly. In order to improve both flexibility and barrier property, plasma polymer (PP) layers were deposited at room temperature and introduced between the SiNx layers. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a single SiNx film, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/(m[Formula: see text]), is reduced to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/(m[Formula: see text]) with SiNx/PP/SiNx/PP/SiNx alternating five-layer structure. After 1000 times bending in 1.5[Formula: see text]cm of bending radius, the WVTR increases by 41% with five-layer structure, while that of single-layer structure increases by 69%. This work demonstrated that the SiNx and PP layers can be deposited at room temperature for flexible moisture barrier films.
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Hegedüs, Nikolett, Riku Lovics, Miklós Serényi, Zsolt Zolnai, Péter Petrik, Judit Mihály, Zsolt Fogarassy, Csaba Balázsi, and Katalin Balázsi. "Examination of the Hydrogen Incorporation into Radio Frequency-Sputtered Hydrogenated SiNx Thin Films." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010054.

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In this work, amorphous hydrogen-free silicon nitride (a-SiNx) and amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) sputtering applying various amounts of hydrogen gas. Structural and optical properties were investigated as a function of hydrogen concentration. The refractive index of 1.96 was characteristic for hydrogen-free SiNx thin film and with increasing H2 flow it decreased to 1.89. The hydrogenation during the sputtering process affected the porosity of the thin film compared with hydrogen-free SiNx. A higher porosity is consistent with a lower refractive index. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of 4 at.% of bounded hydrogen, while elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) confirmed that 6 at.% hydrogen was incorporated during the growing mechanism. The molecular form of hydrogen was released at a temperature of ~65 °C from the film after annealing, while the blisters with 100 nm diameter were created on the thin film surface. The low activation energy deduced from the Arrhenius method indicated the diffusion of hydrogen molecules.
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Dang, Nhat, Zhao-Ying Wang, Ti-Yuan Wu, Tra Nguyen, and Ming-Tzer Lin. "Measurement of Effects of Different Substrates on the Mechanical Properties of Submicron Titanium Nickel Shape Memory Alloy Thin Film Using the Bulge Test." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010085.

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This study investigated the effects of different substrates on the mechanical properties of Ti-60at%Ni shape memory alloys (SMA). Two types of samples were prepared for this experiment: (1) a Ti-60at%Ni deposited on SiNx, and (2) a Ti-60at%Ni deposited on SiNx/Cr; both had a 600 nm thick film of Ti-60at%Ni. Deposition was done using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, and the microstructural changes and crystallization phase changes were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the TiNi thin film with a Cr adhesion layer had better mechanical properties. The bulge test showed that TiNi thin film with a Cr adhesion had a higher Young’s modulus and lower residual stress. From the thermal cycling experiment, it was found that the Cr adhesion layer buffered the mismatch between TiNi and SiNx. Additionally, the thermal cycling test was also used to measure the thermal expansion coefficient of the films, and the fatigue test showed that the Cr layer significantly improved the fatigue resistance of the TiNi film.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SiNx film"

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Lee, Hyun Ho. "A thin film transistor driven microchannel device." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1439.

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Novel electrophoresis devices for protein and DNA separation and identification have been presented and studied. The new device utilizes a contact resistance change detection method to identify protein and DNA in situ. The devices were prepared with a microelectronic micromechanical system (MEMS) fabrication method. Three model proteins and six DNA fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel microchannel electrophoresis and surface electrophoresis. The detection of the proteins or DNA fragments was accomplished using the contact resistance increase of the detection electrode due to adsorption of the separated biomolecules. Key factors for the success of these devices were the optimization of fabrication process and the enhancement of detection efficiency of the devices. Parameters, such as microchannel configuration, size of electrode, and affinity of protein or polyacrylamide gel to the microchannel sidewall and bottom surface were explored in detail. For DNA analysis, the affinity to the bottom surface of the channel was critical. The surface modification method was used to enhance the efficiency of the microchannel surface electrophoresis device. The adsorption of channel separated protein and DNA on the detection electrode was confirmed with the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) method. The electrical current (I) from the protein microchannel electrophoresis was usually noisy and fluctuated at the early stage of the electrophoresis process. In order to remove the current perturbation, an amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) was connected to the microchannel device. The self-aligned a-Si:H TFT was fabricated with a two-photomask process. The result shows that the attachment of the TFT successfully suppressed the current fluctuation of the microchannel electrophoresis process. In summary, protein and DNA samples were effectively separated and detected with the novel TFT-driven or surface microchannel electrophoresis device.
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Beche, Eric. "Etude par spectrométries de photoémission (XPS) et d'électrons AUGER (AES) des environnements chimiques dans des films minces amorphes à base de silicium SiCx, SiNx, SiOx, SiCxNy, SiOxNy hydrogénés ou non." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2057.

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Le but de ce travail était d'étudier par spectrométries de photoélectrons (X. P. S. ) et d'électrons Auger (A. E. S. ) des couches minces amorphes à base de silicium (hydrogénées ou non) élaborées par C. V. D. Ou P. V. D. : SiCx, SiNx , SiOx, SiCxNy, SiOxNy. L'ordre local autour des atomes de silicium ou de carbone a été déterminé d'une part en observant les transitions Auger Si KLL, Si LVV et C KVV et d'autre part en décomposant les pics de photoélectrons Si 2p et C 1s. Les différentes composantes extraites de la décomposition des pics Si 2p ont été attribuées à des environnements tétraédriques variés du silicium. Les distributions expérimentales de chaque composante ont été comparées aux distributions théoriques calculées à partir de deux modèles structuraux décrivant des phases amorphes à base de silicium : le " Random Bonding Model (R. B. M. ) " et le " Random Mixture Model (R. M. M. ) ". Pour les films SiCx :H, les environnements chimiques du silicium et du carbone changent en fonction de la température de dépôt. Concernant les films SiNx :H et SiOxNy :H, nos résultats indiquent que la microstructure des couches peut être décrite selon le modèle d'arrangements aléatoires (R. B. M. ). Dans les films SiCxNy :H riches en azote, des liaisons C-N ont été mises en évidence. L'étude X. P. S. Des transitions SiKLL a révélé l'existence d'environnements variés du silicium lorsque le rapport x/y varie. Concernant les couches SiOx déposées par P. V. D. , l'étude des décompositions des pics de photoélectrons Si 2p révèle une différence notable entre les distributions des environnements chimiques du silicium expérimentales et théoriques calculées à partir du modèle d'arrangements aléatoires. Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude de la structure des films amorphes à base de silicium hydrogénés ou non
The aim of this work was the study by X. P. S. And A. E. S. Of C. V. D. Or P. V. D. Silicon based amorphous thin films : SiCx, SiNx , SiOx, SiCxNy, SiOxNy in some cases hydrogenated which were deposited on low temperatures substrates. The local orders around silicon or carbon atoms were investigated by the examination of Si KLL, Si LVV and C KVV line shapes and the decomposition of core level photoelectron peaks Si 2p and C 1s. The components extracted from the decomposition of the Si 2p peaks were attributed to various tetrahedral environments of silicon and their distribution were compared to the distributions calculated from two models describing the silicon amorphous phases : The Random Bonding Model (R. B. M. ) and the Random Mixture Model (R. M. M. ). For the SiCx:H films, we have shown that the chemical environments of Si and C change with the substrate temperature. For the SiNx:H and SiOxNy:H films, our results show that the microstructure can be described by the Random Bonding Model. We have shown that C-N bonds might be present in nitrogen rich SiCxNy:H films. In these films, X. P. S. Results (Si KLL line shapes) revealed the presence of various environments of silicon. For SiOxP. V. D. Deposits, our results show a significant difference between the distribution of the chemical environments of silicon deduced from Si 2p decomposition and those calculated from the Random Bonding Model (R. B. M. ). This work is a contribution for a global approach of the amorphous structure of silicon based compounds
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Maurício, Elsa Sofia Belchior. "A divina tragédia-sinais da cultura ocidental no filme Se7en de David Fincher." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UL-Universidade de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Letras, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29264.

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Danneman, Lundkvist Manne. "Neoformalistisk analys av Sin City." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1556.

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Syftet med min analys är att se via en neoformalistisk stilanalys vilka grepp som filmen Sin City har hämtat från film noir. Jag ser även via intertextuella kopplingar vad Sin City har hämtat från serietidningen som filmen baseras på. Fokus i analysen ligger dock på fyra grepp som jag anser är de mest klassiska film noirgreppen; Ljussättning, Femme fatale, en mörk värld och protagonisten. Jag kommer bl.a. fram till att Sin Citys använder sig av klassiska film noirstilgrepp men drar dem till det extrema, kanske för att passa in på den serievärld som filmen är länkad till. Filmen använder sig även flitigt av hypermarkerade objekt för att leda in åskådaren på mer estetiska tankebanor.

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Chapman, Sharon Jeanette. "Classical Hollywood film directors' female-as-object obsession and female directors' cinematic response: A deconstructionist study of six films." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1258.

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Barnell, Anton, and Fredrik Bergström. "Historielärare och film - Lärares erfarenheter av att använda film i historieundervisningen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28773.

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka historielärares syften med att använda film i sin undervisning. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv utgår från historiskt tänkande i form av Peter Seixas och Tom Mortons teori i The big six men också Klas-Göran Karlssons teori om historiebruk. Empirin utgår från en kvalitativ metod i form av kvalitativa intervjuer med fem historielärare på gymnasiet. För att analysera datan används en tematisk dataanalys, där de olika teman kategoriseras och ordnas efter studiens teoretiska perspektiv. Resultatet visar att lärarna använder sig av film när de arbetar med historiskt tänkande då det går att urskilja samtliga tankebegrepp ur The big six i deras svar. Dock är de vanligaste tankebegreppen historiska perspektiv och belägg. Studiens resultat visar också på att de flesta lärarna arbetar med historiebruk när de använder sig av film. En av studiens slutsatser är att lärarna främst utvecklar förmågorna 1, 4 och 5 i ämnesplanen för historia på gymnasiet. Studien mynnar ut i tankar kring vidare forskning om att förena elevers och lärares perspektiv om att använda film i historieundervisningen.
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Kulbay, Gülbeden. "Film som psykomagi : En analys av clownfiguren i Alejandro Jodorowskys film ”Poesía sin fin”." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Bildproduktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36510.

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Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka clownens betydelser i konstnären och regissören Alejandro Jodorowskys psykomagiska autobiografi Poesía sin fin (2016). Uppsatsen önskar även vidga förståelsen av hur filmmediet kan användas som verktyg för att bearbeta emotionella skador och trauman. Filmmediet inrymmer möjligheter att skapa bilder som kan beröra oss på många olika plan. Jodorowsky använder mediet specifikt för att skapa psykomagiska akter, akter som skapar möjlighet för läkning. De två karaktärer som Jodorowskys egen person pendlar mellan i sin autobiografi Poesía sin fin är poeten och clownen. Clownen kommer här att undersökas då han står i tydlig kontrast mot den poet som är Jodorowskys vardagliga alter ego i resten av filmen. Genom ett analysera två scener i Poesía sin fin kommer jag besvara frågorna:Vad representerar clownen i scenerna ”Mötet med Zanahoria” och ”Cirkus”?På vilka sätt bidrar clownfiguren till Jodorowskys läkningsprocess?
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Strong, Richard Jeremy. "Six English novels adapted for the cinema." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2605.

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This study examines the film adaptations of six English novels; Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Tess, Jude, A Room with a View and A Passage to India. Through textual analysis of both the films and the original novels it demonstrates that many of the changes which occur in the transition between media are explicable in terms of differences between film and literary genres. Most previous writing on adaptation has tended to explain such changes as a consequence of film and literature having different signifying or expressive capacities. Whilst this study does not argue that literary styles and devices have necessary or inevitable equivalents in film form, it does propose that filmmakers can find satisfying and comprehensible correlatives for written idioms, and that differences between novels and their adaptations are not therefore always best understood as arising from failures in the mechanics of translation. In its consideration of what each film alters and omits this study finds compelling evidence that they are reshaped in particularly genre-related ways. This takes the form both of alterations that place an adaptation more comfortably in a particular fihn genre than the original story materials might allow, and changes which diminish or elide the operation of a literary genre to which the original novel belongs or relates. Sense and Sensibility, Emma and A Room with a View are discussed in terms of how they become romantic comedies, while the Hardy adaptations are the occasion of most of the original melodrama being omitted. Other genres and modes which pose problems and questions in adaptation - including tragedy, the didactic and the modern - are also examined. Additionally, this study will consider the political contexts and conditions of production of the novels and their adaptations as well as examining the extent to which the films may be said to be authored.
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Gustafsson, Anton, and Kathinka Lindhe. "Filmen "Dylans Historia" möter sin publik : - en receptionsstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19823.

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Med stöd av teorier om barn och kommunikation, mediepåverkan liksom synen på barn som publik ville vi i denna uppsats ta reda på hur barn i mellanstadiet i Halmstad läser filmen "Dylans historia”, en egenproducerad programserie om Halmstads historia. Frågeställningen var: Hur ser det narrativa mötet ut mellan producenternas intentioner, så som de uttrycks i produktionens/filmens narrativa element, och barnen. Det vill säga, hur uppfattar barnen filmen? Utifrån Stuart Halls teorier om ”encoding - decoding” jämförde vi producenternas intentioner med texten (filmen) med den tolkning som publiken (barnen) gjorde. 19 barn i åk 4 och åk 6 intervjuades. Slutsatsen vi kan dra är att barnens tolkning av de berättartekniska greppen, där redigeringen (montaget) och ljudet hade en framträdande roll, i stort överensstämmer med producenternas intentioner. Därtill visade våra intervjusvar att barnen, förutom att de tolkar det multimodala budskapet, också har en ”avslöjande läsning” av texten (filmen), något som Stuart Halls teori inte tar upp. Barn i dag är tekniskt bevandrade på ett helt annat sätt än på 1970-talet, då Halls teorier lanserades. De läser hur filmen är redigerad och deras referenser verkar, enligt våra intervjusvar, vara hämtade från mobiltelefonens kamerafunktion. Detta intresse tycker vi borde tas tillvara i undervisningen. Filmen finns på Halmstad stadsbiblioteks Hallandsavdelning.
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Teli, Lorenzo <1994&gt. "中意合拍片 Present Scenarios for Sino-Italian Film Co-production." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15447.

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Since China’s accession to WTO in 2001, its film industry has faced radical changes in terms of relations with foreign cinema along the path towards progressive marketization and globalization of the media sector. Many companies and international cinema players have been trying to make their way into this rapidly expanding market while the US negotiated film export to China on an institutional level, aiming to increase its foreign film import quota. That of Sino-foreign co-production is a cross-cultural, cross-market tool often used to get past film distribution restrictions and generate revenue for all parties involved in the making: this research focuses on the present possibility for Italian film industry in particular to successfully cooperate with the Chinese one, leading to products fitting needs of both markets in nowadays global film landscape. Analysis is conducted within the film industry business and legal framework. The first chapter presents a brief history of foreign film reception in China, while the second one centers on Sino-foreign co-production and its characteristics and contractual implications, also from the European and Italian point of view. The last one, discussing case studies and future perspectives, focuses on concrete examples of successful co-productions and related projects. In the end, thanks to the literature analyzed (mainly recent books by Chinese media scholars such as A. Kokas, W. Su and others) and taking into account regulation & agreements as well as industry forums and initiatives aiming to facilitate Sino-European film collaboration, present scenarios and possibilities for Sino-Italian film co-production will be outlined.
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Books on the topic "SiNx film"

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Pae, Chang-su. Sine t'ok'ŭ, sine k'ŭllik: Pae Chang-su Kija ŭi yŏnghwa taiŏri = Cine talk, cine click. Sŏul-si: Oraenji Puk, 2001.

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Kobal, John. Gotta sing, gotta dance: A history of movie musicals. London: Spring Books, 1988.

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Singer, A. L. Sing: A novelization. New York: Scholastic, 1989.

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Koch, Gertrud. Was ich erbeute, sind Bilder: Zum Diskurs der Geschlechter im Film. Basel: Stroemfeld/Roter Stern, 1989.

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Windham, Ryder. Aurra Sing: Dawn of the bounty hunters. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000.

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Windham, Ryder. Aurra Sing: Dawn of the bounty hunters. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000.

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Bischof, Margrit, and Friederike Lampert, eds. Sinn und Sinne im Tanz. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839453407.

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Ähnlich und doch verschieden: Sinn und Sinne im Tanz. Sinn steht für Sinnhaftes, für Einsicht und Vernunft - und mit Sinne wird alles Sinnliche, wird Erfahrung und Wahrnehmung verbunden. Tanz macht Sinn, Tanz ist Sinnlichkeit. Aus der Reibung dieser beiden Pole entstehen für den künstlerischen Tanz wie auch für deren Erforschung neuartige Ansätze. Das im Körper gespeicherte Wissen spielt dabei eine bedeutende Rolle. Aus der Perspektive unterschiedlicher Autor*innen aus Kunst und Wissenschaft werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie aus verschiedenen Situationen neuartige Zugänge zu künstlerischer, forschender und vermittelnder Praxis entspringen können. Dieses gtf-Jahrbuch entstand in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institute for the Performing Arts and Film (IPF) der Zürcher Hochschule der Künste und erscheint als Band 20 der Reihe subTexte.
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Bosma, Rixt A. Photography meets film: Capa, Ivens and Fernhout in China, 1938. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2011.

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Schneider, Alexandra. Die Stars sind wir: Heimkino als filmische Praxis. Marburg: Schüren, 2004.

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August, Bille. Bille August fortæller om sit liv og sine film til Anne Wolden-Ræthinge. [Denmark]: Aschehoug, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "SiNx film"

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Steinborn, Anke. "Sing, Cowboy, sing." In Populäre Musikkulturen im Film, 213–29. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10896-0_10.

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Dean, Basil. "Sing as We Go." In 100 Film Musicals, 211–13. London: British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-568-8_84.

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Gielnik, Arek. "Filme sind Teamprojekte." In Kultur und Management, 169–74. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19277-2_17.

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Gielnik, Arek. "Filme sind Teamprojekte." In Kultur und Management, 127–32. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05871-5_14.

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Cook, Malcolm. "Sing Them Again." In Music and Sound in Silent Film, 61–75. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge music and screen media series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315276274-4.

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Krämer, Peter. "A Film in Six Parts." In The General, 54–64. London: British Film Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-917-4_6.

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Grønstad, Asbjørn. "Six Theses on the Ethical Imagination." In Film and the Ethical Imagination, 85–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58374-1_8.

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Delmar, Javier Lozano, and José Antonio MuñIz-VeláZquez. "Promoting in Six Seconds." In Film Marketing into the Twenty-First Century, 117–21. London: British Film Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-841-2_15.

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Lepri, Chiara. "Marco Polo returns to China: Giuliano Montaldo’s TV series (1982)." In Studi e saggi, 99–116. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0068-4.10.

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In 1982, the Italian television network RAI produced a TV series by Giuliano Montaldo on the travels of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo. Broadcast in forty-six countries, the Emmy Award-winning cinematic project, which involved partners from the United States, Japan, Germany, and France, stood as the first film co-production between Italy and China and represented a relevant step in the consolidation of the Sino-Italian friendship after the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1970. This paper aims to research the transnational dynamics enacted by Marco Polo during the Sino-Italian co-production and presents the making of the TV series in China from ideation to distribution. The study includes an original interview with the director Montaldo (2022).
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Fitzgerald, Alexander G., Heather L. L. Watton, and Mervin J. Rose. "An Electron Spectroscopy Study of a-SiNx Films." In Mikrochimica Acta, 235–39. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6679-6_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "SiNx film"

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Jianming Wen, Xiao Ying, King Wong, G. Barth, and GaLane Chen. "Tribological characteristics of SiNx film." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837115.

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Kim, Namsu, Seunghyup Yoo, William Potscavage, Benoit Domercq, Bernard Kippelen, and Samuel Graham. "Fabrication and Characterization of SiOx/Parylene and SiNx/Parylene Thin Film Encapsulation Layers." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33332.

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Successful commercialization of flexible organic electronic devices is largely dependent on proper encapsulation that protects them from permeation of oxygen and water vapor. At present, low permeation encapsulation materials generally consist of multilayer films of organic/inorganic materials which can be deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), and vapor phase deposition. For this study, we report the effective water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) for multilayer thin films consisting of low temperature PECVD deposited SiNx and SiOx combined with a parylene organic layer. The effective WVTR was measured as a function of the number of bilayer pairs using Ca corrosion tests. The effective WVTR at 20 °C and 50% relative humidity [RH] for three bilayer pairs of SiOx/parylene ranged between 4.4–8.0 × 10−4 g/m2/day while SiNx/parylene had a transmission rate 1.3×10−4 g/m2/day. In general, additional layers were found to decrease the permeation rates to as low as 3.9×10−5 g/m2/day, while the SiNx/parylene coatings performed the best overall.
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Ren, Changrui, Dongsheng Li, Lu Jin, Lue Lue Xiang, and Deren Yang. "Surface plasmon enhanced electroluminescence of SiNx film based MIS device." In 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2010.5643405.

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Wang, Jun, Meijie Han, Xueliang Ma, Hua Zhang, Ping Chen, and Haixin Zhu. "An investigation of passivation properties of SiNx-Si interface by an MIS model." In Eighth International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications (TFPA13), edited by Junhao Chu and Chunrui Wang. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053225.

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Xu, Huawei, Zhiyuan He, Qingli Huang, Dongxiang Luo, Jianyao Hu, and Linyong Fan. "Study on the Preparation Technology of SiNx Thin Film by PECVD." In 2015 International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ism3e-15.2015.4.

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Gao, Hongxia, Jianzu Yu, and Lei Yu. "Experimental Researches on Thermal Properties of Dielectric Thin Films With Weak Mechanical Intensity." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18457.

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Thermophysical properties of dielectric thin films are essential for researching on the thermal performance of microelectronic, optoelectronic and MEMS devices as well as for their reliability. The Joule-heating experimental method of the double-layer free-standing thin-film structure is used to determine the thermophysical properties of SiO2 and Al2O3 thin films by experiment. The thin films are deposited on the SiNx thin film by PECVD and EBE respectively. The results show that the thermal conductivity of both thin films have the obvious size effect. The value is merely a fraction of the one reported for each bulk specimen, and is coincident with the calculated Minimum Thermal Conductivity (MTC). The measured specific heat capacities are almost the same as those of the corresponding bulk. The steady state heat flow of SiO2/SiNx and Al2O3/SiNx membranes in the measurement is analyzed. The thermal radiation of the thin films always takes a large portion of total heat rejection. Therefore it can not be ignored as many macroscale thermal measurements always do.
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Kang, Zhe, Weizhi Li, and Yadong Jiang. "Study of SiNx thin film character with gas flow rate in PECVD." In International Conference on Optical Instrumentation and Technology, edited by Zhaoying Zhou, Toshio Fukuda, Helmut Seidel, Xinxin Li, Haixia Zhang, and Tianhong Cui. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837502.

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Yamazaki, Haruka, Mami Fujii, Yoshihiro Ueoka, Yasuaki Ishikawa, Yasuharu Uraoka, Masaki Fujiwara, and Eiji Takahashi. "Highly reliable a-InGaZnO thin film transistors with new SiNx gate insulators." In 2012 IEEE International Meeting for Future of Electron Devices, Kansai (IMFEDK). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imfedk.2012.6218582.

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Jeong, Taehee, and Jian-Gang Zhu. "Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Cobalt-Iron Thin Films Using the Time-Resolved Thermoreflectance Technique." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88330.

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Using the time–resolved thermoreflectance technique, the thermal conductivity of CoFe films are measured with various thicknesses and the results show a thickness-dependent thermal conductivity. In order to overcome the obstacle for the high thermal conductivity metal film measurement, a thermal barrier (SiNx) is added between the metal film and Si substrate.
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Hyun, Ji Yeon, Se Jin Park, Soohyun Bae, HyunJung Park, Dongkyun Kang, Seung Hoon Lee, Hae-Seok Lee, Yoonmook Kang, and Donghwan Kim. "Study on hydrogen passivation behavior of SiNx film and its thermal annealing effect." In 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2018.8547267.

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Reports on the topic "SiNx film"

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Shannon. L51584 Effect of Water Chemistry on Internal Corrosion Rates in Offshore Pipelines.pdf. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010643.

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This work is an extension of a program reported in 1984 to establish factors which control corrosion of API line pipe in gas containing carbon dioxide and water. In this phase of the program, there were four objectives. One was to establish the temperature of maximum corrosion in the range of 75�, 100� and 175�F at 1000 psi in water saturated with carbon dioxide at partial pressures of 15 and 50 psia. The next was to explore the role of carbon content and microstructure in the steel, iron carbonate film formation, and resulting corrosion rates. The third was to examine the role of pre-existing mill scale and corrosion films on accelerating pitting attack. The final objective was to extend a spread sheet computer model to calculate corrosion rates from field data. Tests were run in a refreshed, recirculating autoclave at a total pressure of 1000 psi in water saturated with CO2 at partial pressures of 15 and 50 psia, and containing bicarbonate ion to adjust the pH either to 5 or 6. Six materials were tested: ASTM-A53B, two lots of API5LX-X52 and three lots of API5LX-X60. Samples were pulled at intervals for weight loss corrosion and to examine the surface films by electron microscope and metallography. After plotting the weight loss results, corrosion rates in mils per year (MPY) were calculated. The microstructure of the metal, the corrosion films of iron carbonate, and the weight loss results were then examined. The corrosion data were incorporated into a spread sheet computer model for users to calculate their own pipe line corrosion rates.
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Blanco, Roberto, Elena Fernández, Miguel García-Posada, and Sergio Mayordomo. An estimation of the default probabilities of Spanish non-financial corporations and their application to evaluate public policies. Madrid: Banco de España, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33512.

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We model the one-year ahead probability for default of Spanish non-financial corporations using data for the period 1996-2019. While most previous literature considers that a firm is in default if it files for bankruptcy, we define default as having non-performing loans during at least three months of a given year. This broader definition allows us to predict firms’ financial distress at an earlier stage that cannot generally be observed by researchers, before their financial conditions become too severe and they have to file for bankruptcy or engage in private workouts with their creditors. We estimate, by means of logistic regressions, both a general model that uses all the firms in the sample and six models for different size-sector combinations. The selected explanatory variables are five accounting ratios, which summarise firms’ creditworthiness, and the growth rate of aggregate credit to non-financial corporations, to take into account the role of credit availability in mitigating the risk of default. Finally, we carry out two applications of our prediction models: we construct credit rating transition matrices and evaluate a programme implemented by the Spanish government to provide direct aid to firms severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis.
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Wu, Chase Qishi. Composition and Realization of Source-to-Sink High-Performance Flows: File Systems, Storage, Hosts, LAN and WAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1312186.

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Wu, Chase. Final Project Report: Composition and Realization of Source-to-Sink High-Performance Flows: File Systems, Storage, Hosts, LAN and WAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1378476.

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Johan, Johan, Martina Rotolo, Carl-Johan Sommar, Yiran Li, Catalina Turcu, Bingqin Li, Young-hwan Byun, Jiwei Qian, Marc Flores Soler, and Nick Trebbien. Technological and social adaptation to COVID-19: Food for Vulnerable Urban Groups in Six Global Cities. Linköping University Electronic Press, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180750578.

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This report outlines the results from the research project Food for Urban Life and Localities (FULL) funded by Formas (2020-02864). The research set out to learn how COVID-19 response strategies in six cities (Stockholm, London, Wuhan, Singapore, Sydney, and Seoul) have facilitated access to food for vulnerable groups and how new food supply solutions have emerged through social and technological innovations. This report presents the case of each city in turn and pauses on the role of community-based organisations, ad- hoc community initiatives and municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The report provides a detailed discussion of local or community-level responses in cities that aim to provide access to food through social and/or technological innovations. The lessons learned are important for the Swedish context in the case of similar events that challenge local access to food. The research collected data through qualitative and quantitative methods, and also made use of the breadth of online data sources in response to COVID-19 restrictions on free movement and travelling. The overall finding is that in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, local access to food is extremely challenging and cannot be addressed by existing welfare or state arrangements only;civil society organisations and voluntary community organizations (VCOs) step in to fill the gap in public provision; and the stricter the lockdown, the more dependent on civil society response urban areas and communities were.
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Lamontagne, M., P. Archambault, and S. Halchuk. Macroseismic information for the seven largest moderate earthquakes of the Charlevoix seismic zone, Quebec, between 1870 and 2021: February 3, 1902, M 4.5; September 30, 1924, M 5.2; January 08, 1931, M 4.9; October 19, 1939, M 5.3; October 14, 1952, M 4.5; August 19, 1979, M 4.8; March 6, 2005, M 4.7. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329135.

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This Open File Report provides the available macroseismic information for the seven largest moderate earthquakes that occurred in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone between 1870 and 2021. These earthquakes and their moment magnitude (M) are: 1) February 3, 1902, M 4.5; 2) September 30, 1924, M 5.2; 3) January 08, 1931, M 4.9; 4) October 19, 1939, M 5.3; 5) October 14, 1952, M 4.5; 6) August 19, 1979, M 4.8; 7) March 6, 2005, M 4.7. Five, possibly six, of these seven earthquakes occurred in the northeast portion of the CSZ, where the largest event of the period, the 1925 M 6.2 earthquake, also occurred. For each locality where the earthquakes were felt, macroseismic information is given and interpreted on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. The original mail questionnaires filled by postmasters for earthquakes no. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are lost. Consequently, the main sources of information are the newspaper accounts except for no. 7 for which web-based questionnaires are available. The macroseismic information from localities in Canada and in the US (from NOAA) are tabulated in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Most newspaper clippings that have macroseismic information are included. The Open File also provides Google Earth kmz files that allow the felt information reports to be viewed in a spatial tool.
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Flórez, Luz Adriana, Didier Hermida, and Leonardo Fabio Morales. The Heterogeneous Effect of Minimum Wage on Labor Market Flows in Colombia. Banco de la República Colombia, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1213.

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We provide evidence of the negative effect of the minimum wage on labor market flows, such as job creation, job destruction, hiring, and separations in Colombia. Depicting firms' minimum wage (MW) compliance cost, we find evidence of an adverse effect of increases on MW compliance cost on employment. This negative effect is explained mainly by a reduction in job creation and hiring rate and the rise in job destruction and separations. In contrast to the evidence for developed economies, our results are in line with the predictions of the standard search model. We also explore this differential effect by firm size and age. We found that an increase in the MW compliance cost has relatively critical negative impacts on small and medium-sized firms (with less than 250 employees); and new and young firms (lower than six years old).
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Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.
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Robson, Jennifer. The Canada Learning Bond, financial capability and tax-filing: Results from an online survey of low and modest income parents. SEED Winnipeg/Carleton University Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/clb20220301.

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Previous research has identified several likely causes of eligible non-participation in the Canada Learning Bond (CLB), including awareness, financial exclusion, and administrative barriers. This study expands on that research, with a particular focus on the role of tax-filing as an administrative obstacle to accessing the CLB. I present results from an online survey of low and modest income parents (n=466) conducted in 2021. We find that, even among parents reporting they have received the CLB (46%), a majority (51%) report low confidence in their familiarity with the program, and more than one in six (17%) are unaware of the need to file tax returns to maintain eligibility for annual CLB payments. Self-reported regular tax-filing is associated with a 59% increase in the probability of accessing the CLB, even when controlling for a range of parental characteristics. This study confirms previous work by Harding and colleagues (2019) that non-filing may explain some share of eligible non-participation in education savings incentives. Tax-filing services may be an important pathway to improve CLB access. Low and modest income parents show substantial diversity in their preferred filing methods and outreach efforts cannot be concentrated in only one avenue if they are to be successful. The study also tests a small ‘nudge’ to address gaps in awareness and finds that information-only approaches to outreach are likely to have limited success, even with motivated populations.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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