Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sintering; Powder compacts; Chromium oxide

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sintering; Powder compacts; Chromium oxide'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sintering; Powder compacts; Chromium oxide"

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Hrubovčáková, Monika, Eva Dudrová, Eduard Hryha, Margita Kabátová, and Jarmila Harvanová. "Parameters Controlling the Oxide Reduction during Sintering of Chromium Prealloyed Steel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/789373.

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Temperature intervals of oxide reduction processes during sintering of the Fe-3%Cr-0.5%Mo prealloyed powder using continuous monitoring of processing-exhaust gas composition (CO, CO2, and H2O) were identified and interpreted in relation to density (6.5–7.4 g/cm3), sintering temperature (1120 and 1200°C), heating and cooling rates (10 and 50°C/min), carbon addition (0.5/0.6/0.8%), type (10%H2-N2, N2), and purity (5.0 and 6.0) of the sintering atmosphere. The progress in reduction processes was evaluated by oxygen and carbon contents in sintered material and fracture strength values as well. Higher sintering temperature (1200°C) and density <7.0 g/cm3resulted in a relative decrease of oxygen content by more than 80%. The deterioration of microclimate purity of inner microvolumes of compacts shifted the thermodynamic equilibrium towards oxidation. It resulted in a closing of residual oxides inside interparticle necks. The reducing ability of the N2atmosphere can be improved by sintering in a graphite container. High density of 7.4 g/cm3achieved by double pressing indicated a negative effect on reduction processes due to restricted replenishment of the microclimate atmosphere with the processing gas. In terms of strength properties, carbon content should not be higher than ~0.45%.
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Pathak, L. C., S. K. Mishra (Pathak), and S. Srikanth. "Sintering characteristics of Y–Ba–Cu oxide–Agx superconductors under argon atmosphere." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 4 (April 2002): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0130.

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Sintering studies on Y–Ba–Cu oxide (YBCO)–Agx (x = 0, 0.6, and 1.0 mol) powder were carried out in argon atmosphere to understand the role of silver addition on the densification behavior of these materials. The increase of sintered densities of the compacts with silver addition in argon atmosphere contradicted our earlier observation on sintering of YBCO–Agx powder compacts in air, where the densities decreased for x > 0.6. Thermogravimetric (TG) studies under argon atmosphere indicate a continuous decrease of mass on heating suggesting an enhanced rate of oxygen removal from the YBCO matrix that facilitated the sintering in argon atmosphere. Sintering studies of YBCO–Agx powder compacts in argon in conjunction with earlier observations in air has substantiated our claim that high-temperature oxygen desorption by the silver from the YBCO matrix to the sintering atmosphere controls the rate of densification for these superconducting composites. However, the apparent activation energies for sintering suggest that the sintering process is controlled by yttrium ion diffusion along bulk and grain boundaries.
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Pathak, L. C., S. K. Mishra, D. Bhattacharya, and K. L. Chopra. "Sintering characteristics of Y–Ba–Cu–oxide–Agx superconductors." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 11 (November 1999): 4148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0561.

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The sintering characteristics of Y–Ba–Cu–oxide (YBCO)–Agx (x = 0 to 1.2) using thermomechanical analyzer were systematically investigated to understand the sintering mechanism of the metal superconductor composites. The addition of Ag was observed to lower the sintering temperatures, and the apparent densities of the sintered compacts increased with x from 0 to 0.6. A further increase of x above 0.6 decreased the apparent densities of the sintered compacts. The presence of Ag globules in the YBCO–Ag compacts was observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The apparent activation energies for sintering of the powder compacts were estimated and observed to vary between 900 to 2000 kJ/mol. The formation of AgOx by absorbing oxygen from YBCO and sintering atmosphere possibly controls the sintering and superconducting behavior. Incorporation of Ag into the matrix modifies the weak-link characteristics from superconductor–insulator– normal–superconductor (S–I–N–S) to superconductor–normal–superconductor (S–N–S) type.
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Marina, M., M. Z. M. Zamzuri, M. N. Derman, M. A. Selamat, W. Rahman, and Z. Nooraizedfiza. "Characterization of PM Fe-Cr-Y2O3 Composites Prepared by Microwave Sintering Technology." Advanced Materials Research 879 (January 2014): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.879.43.

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This research is focused on assessing the feasibility of the new and innovative microwave sintering technology for fabricating iron-chromium composites prepared via powder metallurgy route. Accordingly, the microwave sintered iron-chromium compacts was benchmarked against conventional sintered counterparts fabricated in other researches. We also studied the viability of yttria reinforcement to the iron-chromium composites with varying weight fraction from 5 to 20 %. Comparison on the end properties were also being made on the unreinforced iron-chromium matrix (0 wt. % of yttria). The result revealed that the microwave sintered iron-chromium composites possess improved density and micro hardness value. Process evaluation also revealed that microwave assisted sintering can lead to a reduction of 70 % of sintering time when compared to conventional sintering. The micro hardness property of microwave sintered iron-chromium was slightly improved with 5 wt. % addition of yttria, although the density and compressive strength were reduced with increasing content of the ceramic particulates. Most importantly, the study has established the viability of microwave sintering approach used in place of conventional sintering for iron based powder metallurgy composites.
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Sulowski, Maciej, Ewa Lichańska, Paweł Kulecki, Monika Tenerowicz-Żaba, and Anna Staniek. "Dilatometric investigations of Fe – Cr – Mo – C system." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol2.iss2.79.

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Sintering behavior in high purity nitrogen and mixture of 5% H2-95% N2 of Fe-(Cr)-(Mo)-C system was investigated. The mixtures, differ from chromium, molybdenum and carbon content were prepared in Turbula mixer. Then, using single-action pressing in a rigid die at pressing pressure 400 MPa, green compacts with density level 5.9±0.17 g/cm3 were pressed. Sintering was carried out in a horizontal push rod dilatometer Netzsch 402E at 1120 and 1250°C for 60 min. Heating and cooling rates were 10 and 20°C/min., respectively. After heating, compacts were isothermal sintered at 1120 or 1250°C for 60 minutes an cooled up to 200°C, then isothermally hold for 60 minutes and definitely cooled to the room temperature. Pure nitrogen and mixture of 5% H2-95% N2 were employed as sintering atmospheres. During investigations the influence of isothermal sintering temperature, chemical composition of sintering atmosphere, chromium, molybdenum and carbon content was followed by dilatometry. The aim of investigations was to determine transformation temperatures. It was shown that the dimensional changes occurring during heating and isothermal sintering and the final density of sintered compacts are influenced by sintering parameters and the alloying elements concentration in powder mixture.
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Ahmad, Mohamad Azmirruddin, Fazira Suriani Mohamed Fadzil, Mazlan Mohamad, Mohamad Hasnan Abdul Hamid, and Mohd Asri Selamat. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Study of CoCrMo Parts Sintered under Control Atmosphere." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.85.

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Their excellent properties, such as corrosion resistance, fatigue strength and bio-compatibility, made Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) were used in total hip and knee replacements and dental devices. The green CoCrMo compacts specimens in rectangle shape were fabricated by powder pressing technique. The effects of sintering temperature and atmosphere on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the CoCrMo compacts which is sintered at 1300°C-1400°C under two different inert gases sintering atmosphere (Ar2/N2H2) were investigated. The experimental results show that the grain boundaries sizes of CoCrMo compact sintered specimen were increased with increasing sintering temperature. The CoCrMo compacts specimens sintered at 1350°C under inert gases N2H2 atmosphere possess highest density (8.096 g/cm3) and hardness (327.1Hv). However, when the compacts specimens are sintered at 1400°C, the density (7.596 g/cm3) and hardness (320 Hv) properties of sintered compact were decreased.
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Rahman, Mujibur M., and A. A. A. Talib. "Effect of Sintering Schedule to the Alloyability of FeCrAl Powder Mix Formed at above Ambient Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.199.

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This paper presents the outcomes of an experimental investigation on the effect of sintering schedule to the alloyability of FeCrAl powder mix formed through warm powder compaction process. A lab-scale uni-axial die compaction rig was designed and fabricated which enabled the compaction of powder mass at elevated temperature. Iron (Fe) powder ASC 100.29 was mechanically mixed with other alloying elements, namely chromium (Cr), and aluminum (Al) for 60 minutes and compacted at 150°C by applying 130 kN axial loading to generate green compacts. The defect-free green compacts were subsequently sintered in an argon gas fired furnace for different holding times. The sintered samples were then undergone XRD analysis. The results revealed that the alloyability of sintered products were affected by the holding time during sintering. The sample sintered at 800°C for 60 minutes showed the highest intensity of FeCrAl alloy.
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Das, P. "Effect of Temperature on the Sintering Zirconia Based Mixed Oxide Powder Compacts." Solid State Phenomena 8-9 (January 1991): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.8-9.493.

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Das, P., and R. Choudhury. "Further interpretation of sintering data in zirconia-urania mixed oxide powder compacts." Journal of Nuclear Materials 174, no. 1 (November 1990): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(90)90423-k.

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Rahman, Mujibur M., and S. R. Yogaswerarow. "Effects of Compaction and Sintering Temperature to the Alloyability of FeCrCu Powder Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.264.

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This paper presents the alloyability of FeCrCu powder compacts formed through warm powder compaction route. A lab-scale uni-axial die compaction rig was designed and fabricated which enabled the powder forming at elevated temperature. Iron powder ASC 100.29 was mechanically mixed with other alloying elements, i.e., copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) as well as carbon (C) as additive for 60 minutes. Green samples were formed at 30°C (room temperature), 100°C, and 180°C through simultaneous upward and downward axial loadings. The defect-free green compacts were subsequently sintered in argon gas fired furnace at 900°C and 1000°C for 60 minutes at a rate of 5°C/minute. The alloyability of the sintered products was analyzed through XRD testing. The compressive strength of the sintered samples was also measured. The results revealed that FeCrCu alloy was formed at different intensity depended upon the forming and sintering temperature. The compressive strength was found to be highest for sample formed at 180°C and sintered at 1000°C.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sintering; Powder compacts; Chromium oxide"

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Li, Tao. "Reaction-bonding of Cr←2O←3 ceramics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318804.

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Bergman, Ola. "Studies of oxide reduction and nitrogen uptake in sintering of chromium-alloyed steel powder." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9555.

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The powder metallurgy (PM) process route is very competitive for mass production of structural steel components with complex shape, due to efficient material utilisation, low energy consumption, and short overall production time. The most commonly used alloying elements are the processing friendly metals Cu, Ni and Mo. However, the prices for these metals are today high and volatile, which threatens to make the PM process less competitive compared to conventional metal forming processes. Consequently, there is a strong desire in the PM industry to increase the use of less costly alloying elements. Cr is an attractive alternative since it, besides low cost, provides high hardenability and also recyclable components. The drawback is that Cr has high affinity for oxygen, which makes oxidation and oxide reduction in PM processing of Cr-alloyed materials a challenging issue. Furthermore, the interaction between nitrogen and Cr-alloyed powder during processing is important to consider, since Cr also has high nitrogen affinity and is prone to form nitrides.

The aim of the research work presented in this thesis was to study oxide reduction and nitrogen uptake in sintering of Cr-alloyed steel powder. Water-atomized powder grades pre-alloyed with 1.5-3% Cr were used as test materials. Sintering experiments were performed in N2/H2 (90/10) atmospheres with test bars pressed to density 7.0-7.2 g/cm3. The oxygen content of the sintering atmosphere was varied and different sintering temperatures and cooling rates were applied. The experimental study has been complemented with thermodynamic calculations using the software Thermo-Calc.

The oxygen partial pressure should be below 4 x 10-18 atm in order to have reducing conditions during sintering at 1120°C of steel powder pre-alloyed with 3% Cr. With graphite added to the powder, conditions are reducing at higher oxygen partial pressures (up to 10-16 atm) due to favourable conditions locally in the material. Sintering at 1120°C for 30 minutes leads to incomplete reduction of Cr-oxides in the Cr-alloyed PM grades, but remaining oxides are not detrimental for mechanical properties of the PM components. Increased sintering temperature is beneficial for the oxide reduction kinetics and practically all oxides are reduced after sintering for 30 minutes above 1200°C. Nitrogen uptake by Cr-alloyed steel powder from N2-based sintering atmospheres is strongly dependent on the cooling rate applied after sintering. No nitrides appear in the sintered material and mechanical properties are not affected when normal cooling rates (0.5-1°C/s) are applied. Very low cooling rates (such as 0.05°C/s) may lead to grain boundary precipitation of Cr-nitrides in the sintered material.

 

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Conference papers on the topic "Sintering; Powder compacts; Chromium oxide"

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Nelson, George J., Brice N. Cassenti, Aldo A. Peracchio, and Wilson K. S. Chiu. "Investigation of the Impact of Sintering on SOFC Charge Transfer." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65239.

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Solid oxide fuel cell electrodes are porous composites commonly produced by the sintering of powder compacts. Particle contact geometry within the electrode microstructure has been noted to impact electrode performance, particularly with respect to charge transfer. An analytical modeling concept has been applied to charge transport within the SOFC electrode microstructure using an approach similar to thermal fin analysis. This approach has the ability to account for variable cross-section solid geometry and replicates experimentally observed behavior related to SOFC electrode sintering quality. Microstructural geometries simulated by periodic structures composed of iterated base units with variable cross-section are investigated using two approaches: an axisymmetric one-dimensional analytical solution and an axisymmetric two-dimensional finite element solution. Results are cast in terms of dimensionless parameters and performance metrics that have been developed to assess the quality of SOFC electrode microstructures. Comparison of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional results demonstrates the predictive capabilities of the simplified approach.
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Min, Zheng, Sarwesh Narayan Parbat, Li Yang, Bruce Kang, and Minking K. Chyu. "Fabrication and Characterization of Additive Manufactured Nickel-Based ODS Coating Layer for High Temperature Application." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63714.

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Increasing turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is important for improving the efficiency of gas turbine engine. Elevated thermal load causes severe oxidation and corrosion for base alloy in turbine airfoils. To survive in this extreme high temperature and harsh oxidation environment, both outside protection like thermal barrier coatings (TBC) and inside air cooling have been applied to turbine blades. Significantly more protection can be achieved if the cooling channels are embedded near surface, constructed partially by the coating system and partially by the superalloy substrate. However, neither the ceramic coating layer nor the metallic bond coating layer in current TBC system can provide structural support to such internal cooling channels. Development of structural bond coating layers consequently becomes one of the key technologies to achieve this goal. Present study proposed a method to fabricate structural coating layers on top of turbine blades with the aid of additive manufacturing (AM) and oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel based alloy. ODS powder comprised of evenly distributed host composite particles (Ni, Al, Cr) with oxide coating layers (Y2O3) was subjected to a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process to fabricate a desirable structural coating layer above Nickel based superalloy substrates. Systematic experimental tests were carried out focusing on the interface adhesion, mechanical strength, microstructure and surface finish of the ODS coating layer. Based on characterization results from indentation tests and microscopy observations, an optimal coating quality was obtained under ∼250W laser power. The selected samples were then characterized under isothermal conditions of 1200 °C for 2000 hours. SEM observations and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were conducted in different stages of the oxidation process. Results indicated a formation of Al2O3 scale on top of the ODS coating layer at early stage, which showed long term stability throughout the oxidation test. The formation of a stable alumina scale is acting as a protective layer to prevent oxygen penetrating the top surface. Spallation of part of nickel oxide and chromium oxide is observed but the thickness of oxide scale is almost no change. In addition, the observed adhesion between ODS coating layer and substrate was tight and stable throughout the entire oxidation test. Present study has provided strong proof that additive manufacturing has the capability to fabricate structural and protective coating layers for turbine airfoils.
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