Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sintering furnace

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sintering furnace'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 23 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sintering furnace"

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Qu, Na, and Wen You. "Design and fault diagnosis of DCS sintering furnace’s temperature control system for edge computing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): e0253246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253246.

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Under the background of modern industrial processing and production, the sintering furnace’s temperature control system is researched to achieve intelligent smelting and reduce energy consumption. First, the specific application and implementation of edge computing in industrial processing and production are analyzed. The industrial processing and production intelligent equipment based on edge computing includes the equipment layer, the edge layer, and the cloud platform layer. This architecture improves the operating efficiency of the intelligent control system. Then, the sintering furnace in the metallurgical industry is taken as an example. The sintering furnace connects powder material particles at high temperatures; thus, the core temperature control system is investigated. Under the actual sintering furnace engineering design, the Distributed Control System (DCS) is used as the basis of sintering furnace temperature control, and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is adopted to reduce the electrical wiring and switch contacts. The hardware circuit of DCS is designed; on this basis, an embedded operating system with excellent performance is transplanted according to functional requirements. The final DCS-based temperature control system is applied to actual monitoring. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 1# sintering furnace at a particular point is measured to be 56.95°C, 56.58°C, and 57.2°C, respectively. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 2# sintering furnaces at a particular point is measured to be 144.7°C, 143.8°C, and 144.0°C, respectively. Overall, the temperature control deviation of the three currents of the two sintering furnaces stays in the controllable range. An expert system based on fuzzy logic in the fault diagnosis system can comprehensively predict the situation of the sintering furnaces. The prediction results of the sintering furnace’s faults are closer to the actual situation compared with the fault diagnosis method based on the Backpropagation (BP) neural network. The designed system makes up for the shortcomings of the sintering furnace’s traditional temperature control systems and can control the temperature of the sintering furnace intelligently and scientifically. Besides, it can diagnose equipment faults timely and efficiently, thereby improving the sintering efficiency.
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Kuzmin, Ilya V., Anton Yu Leshchenko, Sergey V. Pavlov, Rinat N. Shamsutdinov, and Yuriy S. Mochalov. "Test bench for gas-dynamic studies in the furnace channel for nuclear fuel pellet sintering *." Nuclear Energy and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.36479.

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Nuclear fuel pellets are sintered in high-temperature furnaces in an atmosphere with strictly defined requirements for the composition of the gas environments in the furnace’s different temperature zones. The preset process conditions in the mixed nitride uranium-plutonium (MNUP) fuel pellet sintering furnace is achieved through the respective gas supply arrangement and by the design of the barriers between the temperature zones and that of the gas supply and discharge units. A CFD model was created in the Ansys Fluent package and validated for testing the functionality of the design concepts used to develop the MNUP fuel sintering furnace channel. A mockup of the sintering furnace channel, which makes a part of the gas-dynamic test bench, was developed and fabricated for the analytical model validation. The paper presents a description of the test bench design and performance for measuring the concentration of gases in the channel simulating the nitride nuclear fuel sintering furnace channel. The results of the test bench gas-dynamic studies were used for the computational and experimental justification of the approaches used to develop the sintering furnace channel. The functionality of the barriers for the sintering furnace channel division into zones with the preset composition of the gas environments and the gas supply and discharge units has been tested experimentally. The obtained experimental data on the distribution of the process gas concentration makes it possible to validate computational thermophysical and gas-dynamic CFD models of the MNUP fuel sintering furnace channel.
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Niu, Hongya, Wenjing Cheng, Wei Pian, and Wei Hu. "The physiochemical properties of submicron particles from emissions of industrial furnace." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-029.

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Purpose Smoke and dust emissions from industrial furnaces can do great harm to the environment and human health. This paper aims to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the nearby ambient air by using two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace. Design/Methodology/Approach Two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace, were chosen in this study, to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the near-by ambient air. Findings The results show that the particles from the two furnaces are mainly in the small sizes of 0.3-0.6 μm. Particles from sintering plant flue are mainly spherical and rich in K and Cl, whereas those from the electric plant flue are mainly particles rich in metal elements, such as Zn and Fe, and have different morphology. Originality/value The particles in the atmosphere nearby the two furnaces contain aged particles from the flue, lots of spherical particles, rectangle particles and various aggregations. The elements of those particles are complex.
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Gerdes, T., Monika Willert-Porada, Ho Seon Park, and A. Schmidt. "Production Scale m3 Batch Furnace for Hybrid-Heating and Microwave Sintering." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.869.

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Production scale inert atmosphere microwave sintering has not been successful yet, mainly because of lack of suitable equipment. For sintering in air microwave furnaces are available at different industrial scale, e.g., gas-microwave hybrid heated batch kilns or microwave “adiabatic casket” tunnel kiln [1]. Inert atmosphere furnaces require vacuum and gastight coupling of microwave energy. In the State of the Art technology, microwave-coupling windows represent a heat sink inside the sintering furnace. Although, radiation heat loss at temperatures > 1600 °C can be reduced by using a thermally insulating casket inside the microwave furnace, heat loss and temperature gradients caused by the microwave transparent windows are still not acceptable. Therefore, a new concept was developed assisted heating in inert atmosphere sintering furnaces, enabling high power microwave coupling by means of high temperature resistant antennas [2]. This paper presents microwave sintering results of commercial powder metallurgical (PM)-parts, details of the antenna system and the processing technology.
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Ganin, D. R., V. G. Druzhkov, A. A. Panychev, and A. Yu Fuks. "Analysis of indices and operation improvement conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” blast furnace shop." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-46-54.

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For elaborating of measures to improve the blast furnace technology, it is necessary to analyze production data related to blast furnaces operation. Estimation of technical level of blast furnace production in conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” was the aim of the study. Data on chemical composition of casted iron produced and burden materials quoted, as well as data on iron ore materials consumption, sinter grain-size distribution, pellets chemical composition and strength characteristics, coke mechanical strength and grain-size distribution. Results of analysis presented of production operation indices of Nos 1–4 blast furnaces within a five years period, the furnaces having net volumes 1007, 1033, 1513 and 2002 m3 correspondently. Periods of non-stable furnaces operation with long stops and repairs were excluded from the analyzed data. It was determined that iron and manganese oxide contents in the sinter are presented at lower level comparing with most of sintering plants of European Communities and Japan. Fine fraction less 5 mm content is considerably higher than the index for sinter, produced at other sintering plants of Russia, as well as of developed nations. Laboratory study and experimental-industrial tests at JSC “Ural Steel” confirm reasonability of the following mineral additives utilization in sintering process, delivered into the sintering burden by sludge: brown iron ore, bentonite clay, serpentinite-magnesites, that enables to increase suitable sinter yield, productivity of sintering machines, sinter impact strength. A necessity to optimize blast furnace slags chemical composition by relation SiO2/Al2O3 and CaO/MgO determined to improve scull formation conditions and elimination of coolers mass burning-through. To improve the technical and economic indices of JSC “Ural Steel blast furnaces operation some measures on the plant blast furnace technology modification proposed.
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Spišák, Jan, Martin Truchlý, Ján Mikula, and Vratislav Šindler. "Caustic Magnesia Production in Microfluid Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.529.

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During procedure and heat treatment of magnesite in shaft and rotary furnaces, a great number of fine fractions are generated. In terms of MgO content, the fractions comprises the highest quality raw material. However, the desired degrees of calcination or sintering have not been achieved. For direct heat treatment of fine particles the microfluidic furnace has been proposed. The microfluidic furnace consists of the fluidization chambers in which the technology operations are being carried out. The furnace operates on the counter-current principle. The experiments of dust magnesite and flue gas calcination from rotary and shaft furnaces were carried out in the furnaces.
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Thomazini, D., M. V. Gelfuso, A. S. A. Chinelatto, A. L. Chinelatto, F. K. Sanson, and F. Teixeira Neto. "Alumina ceramics obtained by chemical synthesis using conventional and microwave sintering." Cerâmica 57, no. 341 (March 2011): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132011000100006.

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It is well known that the heating mechanism and powder precursor define the microstructural characteristics of ceramics. Especially abnormal grain growth of pure alumina ceramics developed during conventional sintering method suggests that this material is a potential candidate to be treated in microwave sintering process. Alumina ceramics produced with commercial (A1K) and chemically synthesized powders were sintered in conventional and microwave furnaces. Two methods were employed to prepare the chemically synthesized nanosized powders: Pechini method and emulsification with oleic acid. The microwave sintered samples were characterized by apparent density and scanning electron microscopy and compared with the samples sintered in a conventional furnace. Alumina ceramics sintered in the microwave furnace had fine grained microstructure, not related with the starting powders. This characteristic was achieved in a sintering time shorter than those produced in the conventional furnace. However, satisfactory densification was observed only to A1K ceramics (3.95 g/cm³) sintered during one hour in microwave furnace.
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Brazenhall, M. V. J. "Furnace atmospheres for sintering." Metal Powder Report 45, no. 9 (September 1990): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0657(90)90587-7.

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Spirin, N. A., A. A. Polinov`, A. V. Pavlov, O. P. Onorin, and G. N. Logachev. "Environmental and Technological Aspects of Converter Slag Utilization in Sintering and Blast-Furnace Production." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.941.

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The paper presents calculation results for predictive conditions of blast furnace operation with the use of converter slag in the iron ore portion of the blast furnace burden. It shows that addition of converter slag in the sinter and blast-furnace burden without correction of the operating conditions is not reasonable as it significantly worsens parameters of blast furnace operation. Long-term operation of blast furnaces with addition of converter slag in the burden will be accompanied by gradual accumulation of phosphorus in metal and will lead to increasing problems regarding phosphorus removal at the converter production stage. The use of converter slag makes it possible to increase the consumption of non-fluxed pellets without changing the sinter basicity and improve parameters of blast-furnace smelting. The problem of efficient and continuous use of converter slag in blast furnaces can be solved by the complex analysis of this problem: evaluation of economic feasibility of its use as a fluxing agent; feasibility study of this issue for the “blast-furnace production – converter production” complex; analysis of environmental problems during operation at the factory and in the region.
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Nakamura, Masanori. "Vacuum sintering furnace for metals." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 61, no. 3 (1990): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.61.208.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sintering furnace"

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Shen, Ruihua Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Reduction of zinc oxide in sintering of manganese furnace dust." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44542.

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Manganese furnace dust is made up of volatiles and fine particles of the raw materials collected from the off-gas during smelting of manganese alloys. Impediments to the recycling of the manganese furnace dust back to the ferroalloy furnaces are handling due to the presence of tar, and the potential accumulation of zinc in the furnaces, which can cause irregularities in their operation. The aim of the thesis was to establish conditions for zinc removal from the dust and assess the feasibility of the dust recycling in the Tasmanian Electrometallurgical Company sinter plant. Major findings are: - Manganese furnace dust taken from the settling ponds contained water, carbonaceous materials (tar), and metal oxides. The carbon content of the dried furnace dust was about 20% and the average manganese and zinc contents were 33.4 and 1.29%, respectively. Moisture content was 30-60%. - The tar components were aliphatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and sulphur- and oxygen-containing compounds with a wide range of carbon number (15-28) and boiling point (230-530oC). Light hydrocarbons were not detected. - If manganese furnace dust was recycled to ferroalloy furnaces through the sintering plant, the overall zinc input had increased by 51-143%. Sustainable utilisation of manganese furnace dust should include enhanced zinc removal. - Reduction of zinc oxide from manganese furnace dust pellets started at 800oC. Zinc oxide was reduced to zinc vapour by tar in the dust. Temperature and gas atmosphere were key parameters affecting the zinc removal from the dust. The zinc removal rate increased with increasing temperature and was close to completion at 1100oC. - Optimal conditions for removal of zinc from the furnace dust include: temperature in the range 1000-1150oC, inert gas atmosphere and furnace dust fraction in the furnace dust-manganese ore mixture above 60%. - Zinc removal in the processing of manganese furnace dust in the sinter plant was low because of zinc reoxidation in the sinter bed. This makes the sinter plant unsuitable for recycling of the dust. More suitable conditions for utilisation of manganese furnace dust exist in the rotary hearth furnace, which development is recommended for further study.
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Halilovic, Selma. "Evaluation of new powder grade for furnace control pieces in sintering process." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448371.

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To be able to supervise the quality of a sintering process, furnace control pieces are therefore used. The current furnace control piece is not sensitive enough small variations during insert production. The goal of the project was to find and evaluate a new suitable cemented carbide grade, which better captures temperature variations during sintering process, likewise, evaluate the alternative placing in the production furnace and methods to supervise and follow the status of the sintering process. The cemented carbide grade 592, which is a DQ-grade, captured larger temperature variations during the sintering compared to the current furnace control piece. The process charge for 592 that captured the largest variations also had the highest charge weight, which indicates that the new grade is also sensitive to the charge weight. The purpose of the project was fulfilled when a more suitable cemented carbide grade, 592, was evaluated for both sintering temperatures 1410 ℃ and 1450 ℃.
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Subramaniam, Srinivas. "In Situ High Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigations of Sintering Behavior in Barium Titanate." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155575558.

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Telles, Victor Bridi. "Reciclagem da poeira de aciaria elétrica na sinterização de minério de ferro visando a eliminação de zinco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-10012011-142919/.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o aproveitamento do pó de aciaria elétrica (PAE) na sinterização de minério de ferro visando a eliminação de zinco. Primeiramente, foi feita uma caracterização física e química do resíduo através de análises químicas, granulométricas, morfológicas e de difração de raios-X. O minério de ferro, principal componente do processo de sinterização, foi caracterizado através de análise química, granulométrica e de umidade. Em seguida, foram fabricadas micropelotas de 3,0 a 5,0mm de diâmetro compostas por 70% de PAE e 30% de moinha de coque, que foram classificadas por peneiramento e secas em esfufa. Depois de aglomerado, o resíduo foi incorporado na sinterização de minério de ferro em diferentes proporções, condições de processo e formas de adição (micropelotas, undersize da micropelotização com granulometria entre 1,0 e 2,0mm, ou mistura de PAE e coque em pó). A cada processo de sinterização foram retiradas amostras de sínter, os materiais foram analisados através de Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), macroscopia e análises químicas por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica para verificar o teor de zinco. Amostras de misturas não sinterizadas também foram submetidas a análises químicas para determinar a quantidade inicial de zinco, ou seja, verificar a quantidade de zinco contido na mistura antes do processo de sinterização. Mediante a comparação do teor de zinco das amostras não sinterizadas com os sínteres, foi possível determinar a eliminação de zinco nos ensaios realizados. Aproximadamente 92% de zinco foi eliminado (junto com os gases de saída) com a incorporação de 10% de micropelotas na mistura a sinterizar. Os resultados mostraram que a eliminação do metal no processo é proporcional à relação redutor/resíduo.
The aim of this work was to study the use of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) in iron ore sintering process aiming zinc elimination. Firstly, physical and chemical characterizations of the waste were made using X-ray diffraction, microscopy, chemical and size analyses. Iron ore is the main component of the sintering process, this material was characterized by chemical, size and humidity analyses. After, micropellets composed of EAFD 70% and coke breeze 30% with diameters of 3.0-5.0 mm were produced, then they were dried in kiln and classified by sieving. The pellets were incorporated into the iron ore sintering charge using differents proportions, process conditions and addition forms (micropellets, undersize with diameters of 1.0-2.0 mm, or a mixture of EAFD and coke breeze). Sintered samples were collected in each sintering process. These materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), macroscopy and chemical analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in order to determine the zinc content. Samples of not sintered mixtures were also characterized by chemical analysis aiming the determination the initial amounts of zinc, i.e. in order to check the zinc amounts present in the mixture before the sintering process. The comparation between the zinc contents of sintered samples and not sintered allowed to determine the elimination of zinc during the experiments. About 92% of zinc was eliminated (along with the output gas) with the incorporation of 10% of micropellet in the sintering mixture. Results showed that the zinc elimination in the process is proportional to the ratio reducer/waste.
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Nygårds, Erik, and Martin Oliw. "Utformning och installation av internetuppkopplad datalogger för kontinuerlig sintringsugn : Utveckling och implementation av Raspberry Pi baserad internetupkopplad datalogger, samt framtagning av lösningsförslag för viktmätning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176753.

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Höganäs AB has a customer center where they perform their cutomers production processes usingtheir own metal powder, thereby gaining knowledge of how the powder behaves and how it can be improved. The powder is usually pressed, and then sintered in a sintering furnace where temperature and atmosphere composition gives the component its desired characteristics. Höganäs AB didn’t save the parameters from these process’s in a easily accessible way, some values were not saved at all. To increase understanding of these parameters impact on the produced detail they wanted these parameters collected and stored in the cloud. They also wanted solution ideas and concepts for implementation of weight measuring on both the in- and output side of the furnace. This project used Ulrich & Eppinger’s product development method, modified by performing continous testing parallell to the design process. The project was also separated into three parts worked on simultaneously. Computer architecture, physical casing and weight measuring. To compile and upload to the cloud a Raspberry Pi 3 B+, a micro processor, was used. It connected via WiFi to upload files to OneDrive. The measured values from the furnace were gathered from the furnace’s PLC via OPCUA and a gas measuring unit via serial communication. Because of the use of metal powder there was conductive dust in the air which could lead to leakage currents and short circuiting if it were to gather on the processor unit. Hence the dust had to be keptaway. The casing was therefore designed to be relatively airtight. The casing was made with 3D-printed PETG. The seal utilized PETG’s elasticity to elastically deform an elevated seal, and thereby sealing the casing, without having to produce more components than a bottom and a lid. The cable feedthrough used the cables elastic deformation to seal. A screen was implemented to start and stop logging processes, which was also sealed using an overlapping lip around it’s rim. The logging of the furnace parameters was split in two logs, a day-log and a job-log. The daylog took measurements continously over a day in long intervals, 30 minutes. At the end of the day a log was uploaded for that day, hence the name. The job-log had to be started manually via the screen and was used to take measurements with higher frequency during a production series. Log files of both types were uploaded to a OneDrive folder. The product was tested with a number of final tests, both for the casing and the software. The casing was tested primarily for the numerical requirements set in the requirements specification. While the software was tested over a longer period of time to ensure functionality.The final product was a sealed, robust, easily disassembled and cable strain relieved 3D-printed box with a 3.5 inch touchscreen and a connected keyboard. It collected the desired data and compiled it to log files readable by programs such as Microsoft Excel. The weight measuring concept produced was a self-made solution with load cells under the loading ramp. The weight is then measured automatically during the regular loading process without disrupting it. Two backup solutions were also put forward.
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Araújo, José Alencastro de. "Reciclagem de pó de forno elétrico a arco para a produção de Aglomerado Pré-Fundido (APF) para uso em processo siderúrgico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-01092014-093447/.

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O pó de forno elétrico a arco (FEA) é gerado durante a fusão de sucata ferrosa nos fornos elétricos a arco e coletado predominantemente através de filtros de mangas. Esta substância é listada como resíduo sólido perigoso de fonte específica, K061, conforme a Norma ABNT NBR 10004:2004. As maiores empresas siderúrgicas semi-integradas do mundo têm adotado para o tratamento de pó de FEA, fundamentalmente três rotas: a recuperação de zinco e chumbo, através de dois processos complementares, um piro-metalúrgico, o Wäelz kiln e outro hidro-metalúrgico, o processo de dupla lixiviação Óxido de Wäelz; a inertização através da blendagem com a cal, aditivos e água, de forma a alcançar o pH da mistura >11, o que garante que metais pesados como o chumbo, cádmio e o zinco, presentes no pó de forno elétrico, não possam se tornar solúveis, evitando consequentemente, a sua lixiviação e a disposição em aterros industriais de resíduos sólidos perigosos. Sob a perspectiva da sustentabilidade, deve ser considerada a rota da recuperação de zinco e chumbo, que para ser viável necessita reunir a geração de pó de FEA de varias plantas, o que para um país com dimensões continentais pode ser um fator de insucesso. Esse trabalho trata da reciclagem do pó de FEA através do processo de sinterização de um compósito constituído de pó de FEA aglomerado com coque, carepa e fluorita cerâmica em pelotas, aplicável a uma planta unitária. Como resultado deste processo foram obtidos dois coprodutos, o aglomerado pré-fundido, APF, com teor de óxido de ferro superior a 70%, objeto do processo de sinterização e o concentrado de zinco, com teor de óxido de zinco maior que 50%, resultante da volatilização deste metal durante o processo de sinterização e coletado através de filtro de mangas. Complementarmente foi extraído aproximadamente 90% dos óxidos de chumbo e cádmio contidos no pó de FEA inicial. A produção do APF ocorreu em escala experimental dividida em três fases, a primeira fase foi efetuada com oito formulações distintas e comprovou através de análises químicas de espectrometria por fluorescência de raios X e difratometria de raios X, a viabilidade técnica da utilização somente de resíduos sólidos industriais para fabricação do APF. A segunda fase, também com oito formulações, definidas conforme planejamento de experimentos com delineamento fatorial, teve como objetivo identificar os principais efeitos das interações entre os componentes do APF, para obtenção da mistura com formulação ótima. A terceira fase testou a intensidade das variáveis, coque e fluorita cerâmica, para a extração do zinco. As duas primeiras fases dos testes de produção em escala experimental foram realizadas em uma planta piloto de sinterização de fluxo descendente e a terceira fase em uma planta piloto de fluxo ascendente, ambas instaladas na usina ArcelorMittal Piracicaba. O APF, com a formulação ótima, foi produzido em escala industrial na planta de sinterização Metalflexi, também instalada na usina ArcelorMittal Piracicaba, e testado em alto-forno de pequeno porte. O concentrado de zinco foi caracterizado quimicamente para se avaliar o uso em segmentos industriais que utilizem este elemento.
The electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is generated during melting of steel scrap in electric arc furnaces and collected mainly through bag filters. The EAF dust is listed as hazardous waste from specific source, K061, according to ABNT 10004:2004. The major semi-integrated steel companies in the world have adopted for the treatment of EAF dust, basically three routes: the recovery of zinc and lead, through two complementary processes, a pyro-metallurgy, Waelz kiln and other hydro-metallurgical the leaching process of double oxide Waelz; the blanketing by blending with lime, water and additives in order to achieve the pH of the mixture>11, which ensures that heavy metals like lead, cadmium and zinc, present in furnace residue, can not become soluble, thereby avoiding the leaching and disposal in landfills of hazardous waste. This work suggests recycling of the EAF dust by sintering of a composite consisting of EAF dust agglomerate to coke particles (carbon source), mill scale (iron source) and ceramic fluorite (adictive agent used like fluxant) into pellets, a process known as sintering. As a result of the process is expected to obtain two by-products, the pre-cast agglomerated, PCA, with iron oxide content exceeding 70%, object of the process of sintering and zinc dust, containing more than 50% zinc oxide resulting from volatilization of this metal during the sintering process and collected by bag filter. Addition is expected to extract approximately 90% of lead and cadmium oxide contained in the initial EAF dust. The production of the PCA occurred in experimental scale divided into three stages, the first stage was performed with eight different formulations and checked by chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray diffraction, the technical viability of using only solid waste industrial manufacturing PCA. The second phase, also with eight formulations, defined as planning experiments with factorial design, was tested the main effects and the double and triple interactions between the components of the PCA, to obtain the optimal formulation. The third phase was checked the intensity of the variables, coke fluorite ceramics, for removing zinc of PCA. The first two stages of the production tests were carried out on a pilot scale in a pilot plant sintering downstream and the third phase in a pilot plant xii upstream, both installed in the plant ArcelorMittal Piracicaba. The PCA, with the optimal formulation was produced on an industrial scale in the sinter plant Metalflexi also installed at the plant ArcelorMittal Piracicaba, and tested in small blast furnace. The zinc dust was characterized chemically for application in industries that use this element.
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Bah, Micka. "Synthèse et propriétés fonctionnelles de céramiques et monocristaux piézoélectriques sans plomb (K, Na)NbO3." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4026/document.

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Ce travail a pour objectif d’élaborer de manière contrôlée différentes microstructures de (K0,5Na0,5)NbO3 non dopées par différentes mises en forme, bien caractérisées structuralement et microstructuralement, afin d’étudier et d’éclaircir l’influence de la densification et de la taille des grains sur les propriétés piézoélectriques. Il s’agit pour cela de produire des microstructures, avec une composition maitrisée, ayant d’abord des grains de taille micrométrique, ensuite millimétrique et enfin si possible des grains centimétriques de KNN et d’atteindre des densifications allant de 80 % à plus de 95 %. Au-delà de l’ingénierie des microstructures de KNN, l’obtention de monocristaux du composé (K0,5Na0,5)NbO3 de plusieurs mm3, de bonne qualité cristalline et bien caractérisés structuralement et microstructuralement permettrait de caractériser l’ensemble des tenseurs élastiques, diélectriques et piézoélectriques ainsi que de valider des méthodes de caractérisation originales développées au sein du laboratoire GREMAN
The purpose of this work is to elaborate different controlled microstructures of undoped (K0,5Na0,5)NbO3 by different methods, with full structural and microstructural characterization in order to study and to elucidate the influence of the densification and grain size effect on the piezoelectric properties. For this, it is necessary to produce KNN microstructures with controlled composition, starting with micrometer grain size, then millimeter and if possible centimeter grain size and to attain densification ranging from 80 % up to 95 % of the theoretical one. Beyond the KNN microstructure engineering, the growth of large (K0,5Na0,5)NbO3 single crystals about several mm3 with good crystallinity and full structural and microstructural characterization would enable the elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric tensors to be fully characterized as well as to validate the original characterization methods developed within the GREMAN laboratory
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Hietava, A. (Anne). "Electrical behaviour of submerged arc furnace’s charge materials." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219394.

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Abstract When producing ferrochrome, a submerged arc furnace (SAF) is used. The charge of an SAF consists of chromite pellets, coke, lumpy ore and quartzite as a slag modifier. The charge is pre-heated before it descends into the SAF where the charge eventually reduces and melts. The electrical conductivity of the charge is important because, among other things, it affects the productivity of the furnace. The electrical conductivity of the charge should ideally be low on the higher parts of the furnace and high near the electrode tip. This is to ensure that the electric current path travels through the metal bath via arcing, which provides the most effective heat transfer. Another option for the current path would be through the solid feed material via ohmic conduction, but since this zone is less reactive, the heat energy would be mostly wasted. This work brings forth new information about the electrical behaviour of coke and chromite pellet is produced. The electrical conductivity was measured at room temperature for different simulated process conditions (different coke textures, different reduction degrees of chromite pellets, sulphur in atmosphere and replacing the coke used in chromite pellet production with charcoal). It was found out that unlike gasification with a CO/CO2 mixture, heat treatment at 950°C increased the degree of graphitization and changed the electrical behaviour of coke. Furthermore, it was observed that increasing the chromite pellets’ reduction degree reduced the electrical conductivity measured at room temperature. In the case of chromite pellets and sulphur in the atmosphere it was found that sulphur has an effect on the pellets’ electrical behavior and structure during reduction, which - in turn - has an effect on the SAF performance when raw materials with varying sulphur contents are used. Lastly, it was found that substituting coke with charcoal when producing chromite pellets affects the sintering behaviour, cold compression strength, and electrical conductivity of the chromite pellets
Tiivistelmä Uppokaariuuni on osa ferrokromin valmistusprosessia. Uppokaariuuniin panostetaan kromiittipellejä, koksia, palarikastetta ja kvartsiittia. Etukuumennusuunista panos laskeutuu uppokaariuuniin, jossa se pelkistyy ja lopulta sulaa. Uppokaariuunin panoksen sähkönjohtavuus on tärkeää uunin toiminnan kannalta, koska se vaikuttaa suoraan esimerkiksi tuottavuuteen. Jotta virran kulku tapahtuisi optimaalisesti sulan metallin kautta, panoksen sähkönjohtavuuden tulee olla pieni uunin yläosissa ja suuri alaosassa lähellä elektrodien päitä. Mikäli virran kulku tapahtuu uunin yläosassa, hukataan lämpöenergiaa ja uunin toiminta hankaloituu. Tässä työssä on selvitetty koksin ja kromiittipellettien sähköisiä ominaisuuksia. Sähkönjohtavuutta on tutkittu useilla simuloiduilla prosessiolosuhteilla (koksin eri tekstuurit, kromiittipellettien eri pelkistysasteet, rikin pitoisuus atmosfäärissä ja kromiittipellettien valmistuksessa on korvattu koksi puuhiilellä). Nämä mittaukset on tehty huonelämpötilassa. Huomattiin, että toisin kuin koksin kaasutus, koksin lämpökäsittely (950°C) nosti grafitoitumisastetta ja vaikutti sähköisiin ominaisuuksiin. Kromiittipelletin pelkistymisasteen noustessa huonelämpötilassa mitattu sähkönjohtavuus laski. Kun kromiittipelletit altistetaan atmosfäärille, jossa on rikkiä, pellettien sähköiset ominaisuudet muuttuvat samoin kuin rakenne pelkistyksen aikana. Tämä vaikuttaa uppokaariuunin toimintaan, kun käytetään raaka-aineita, joissa rikkipitoisuus vaihtelee. Kun kromiittipellettien valmistuksessa käytettävä koksi korvataan puuhiilellä, tämä vaikuttaa sintrausprosessiin, kylmälujuuteen ja sähköisiin ominaisuuksiin
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GHUSSN, LUCIANA. "Síntese e caracterização de vidros niobofosfatos e ferrofosfatos utilizados como meio para imobilização de Usub(3)Osub(8)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11347.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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MACHADO, GLAUSON A. F. "Recobrimentos à base de mulita em refratário de carbeto de silício obtidos a partir de PMSQ [POLI (METILSILSESQUIOXANO)] e alumínio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27969.

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O carbeto de silício (SiC) é um material que apresenta baixa expansão térmica, altas resistências mecânica e ao choque térmico e alta condutividade térmica. Em razão disto é empregado na confecção de mobília de fornos de sinterização. O SiC no entanto sofre degradação a altas temperaturas quando submetido a atmosferas agressivas. A utilização de recobrimentos protetores evita a exposição direta da superfície do material à atmosfera dos fornos; a mulita pode ser um recobrimento protetor apropriado em razão de sua alta estabilidade em temperaturas elevadas e seu coeficiente de expansão térmica compatível com o do SiC (4x10-6/°C e 5,3x10-6/°C, respectivamente). No presente trabalho foi estudada a obtenção de recobrimento de mulita, para refratário de SiC, a partir da utilização de polímero precursor cerâmico e alumínio particulado. Foram preparadas composições com 10, 20, 30 e 50% (vol.) de alumínio adicionado ao polímero, sendo utilizados pós de alumínio de diferentes distribuições de tamanhos de partículas. As composições foram submetidas a diversos ciclos térmicos para determinação da condição mais adequada à obtenção de alto teor de mulita. A composição que apresentou melhor resultado foi a contendo 20% do pó de Al de menor tamanho de partículas. A partir desta, foi preparada e aplicada suspensão para ser aplicada sobre o refratário de SiC. A suspensão aplicada, após seca, reticulada e tratada termicamente a 1580°C, originou um recobrimento de mulita. Foram realizados ciclos de choque térmico em amostras com e sem recobrimento para comparação, num total de 26 ciclos. As condições foram 600°C/30 min. seguida de resfriamento ao ar até a temperatura ambiente. Após cada choque térmico, as amostras foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica e determinado o módulo de elasticidade. Os recobrimentos apresentaram boa adesão e não foram detectados danos significativos após os choques térmicos.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Books on the topic "Sintering furnace"

1

Lutzmann, Stefan. Beitrag zur Prozessbeherrschung des Elektronenstrahlschmelzens. München: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sintering furnace"

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Xu, Jinlong, Joyce Zhang, and Ken Kuang. "Understanding the Influence of Belt Furnace and Sintering Parameters on Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Conveyor Belt Furnace Thermal Processing, 27–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69730-7_4.

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Berroth, Karl, Rolf Wagner, and Heinz U. Kessel. "Continuous Sintering Furnace for Non Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 353–56. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch56.

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Chang, Feng, Shengli Wu, Fengjie Zhang, Hua Lu, and Kaiping Du. "Characterization of Sintering Dust, Blast Furnace Dust and Carbon Steel Electric Arc Furnace Dust." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 83–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093404.ch10.

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Chang, Feng, Shengli Wu, Fengjie Zhang, Hua Lu, and Kaiping Du. "Characterization of Sintering Dust, Blast Furnace Dust and Carbon Steel Electric Arc Furnace Dust." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 83–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48191-3_10.

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Teiles, V. B., D. C. R. Espinosa, and J. A. S. Tenorio. "Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Dust in Iron Ore Sintering." In EPD Congress 2012, 339–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359341.ch39.

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Gerdes, T., Monika Willert-Porada, Ho Seon Park, and A. Schmidt. "Production Scale m3 Batch Furnace for Hybrid-Heating and Microwave Sintering." In Advances in Science and Technology, 869–74. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-01-x.869.

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Plucknett, Kevin P. "Processing Factors Involved in Sintering β-Si3,N4,-Based Ceramics in an Air Atmosphere Furnace." In Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials III, 45–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470584392.ch7.

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Bauer, R., and A. G. Degussa. "Sinter-Hip Furnaces - Sintering and Compacting in a Combined Cycle." In Sintering ’87, 773–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_130.

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Khachatryan, Hayk, Alok Vats, Zachary Doorenbos, Suren Kharatyan, and Jan A. Puszynski. "Sintering of Combustion Synthesized TiB2 -ZrO2 Composite Powders in Conventional and Microwave Furnaces." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 237–48. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470599730.ch24.

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İsmail Tosun, Yildirim. "Concentration and Microwave Radiated Reduction of Southeastern Anatolian Hematite and Limonite Ores—Reduced Iron Ore Production." In Iron Ores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95231.

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The concentration of low grade iron ore resources was evaluated by washing and reduction. The advanced concentration methods for low grade limonite and hematite iron ores of South Eastern Anatolian resources required such specific methods. The followed column flotation and magnetic separation, microwave radiated reduction of hematite slime and limonite sand orewere investigated on potential reducing treatment. The bubling fluidized bed allows more time to the heat radiation and conduction for reducing to the resistive ıron compounds. Furthermore, heavy limonite and iron oxide allowed sufficient intimate contact coal and biomass through surface pores in the bubbling fluidized bed furnace due to more pyrolysis gas desorption. Bubbling bath porosity decreased by temperature decrease. This research was included reduction in microwave of poor hematite and limonite ores in the microwave ovens, but through smaller tubing flows as sintering shaft plants following column flotation and scavangering operation. Two principle stages could still manage prospective pre reduction granule and pellet production in new sintering plants. There is a lack of energy side which one can produce reduced iron ore in advanced technology plants worldwide. However, for the low grade iron ores such as limonite and sideritic iron ores it was thought that microwave reduction technique was assumed that this could cut energy consumption in the metallurgy plants.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sintering furnace"

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Lacasa, David, Manuel Berenguel, Luis Yebra, and Diego Martinez. "Copper sintering in a solar furnace through fuzzy control." In 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Aided Control System Design, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cacsd-cca-isic.2006.4776972.

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Cao, Shukun, Xiangbo Ze, Jing Xu, and Lei Shi. "Intelligent Control System of Multi-segments Continuously Sintering Furnace." In 2008 International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling (KAM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kam.2008.183.

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Cao, Shukun, Jing Xu, Lei Shi, Xiangbo Ze, and Changsheng Ai. "Temperature Field Analysis of Multi-segments Continuously Sintering Furnace." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling Workshop (KAM 2008 Workshop). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kamw.2008.4810655.

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Lacasa, David, Manuel Berenguel, Luis Yebra, and Diego Martinez. "Copper Sintering in a Solar Furnace through Fuzzy control." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2006.286198.

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Glo ek, J., D. D., and P. Pali ka. "Shaft Furnace Sintering Temperature Homogenization by the Coke Charging." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itms-15.2015.196.

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Cao, Shu-kun, Jing Xu, and Lei Shi. "The Temperature Control System of Continuously Multi-Segments Sintering Furnace." In 2008 First International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinis.2008.181.

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Yun, Ling, Liu Zhongwei, and Chen Gang. "Design and Optimization of Integrated Controller for Vacuum Sintering Furnace." In 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology (ICEET 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceet.2009.527.

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Tailin Yang, Yanbing Zong, Shaohua Li, and Daqiang Cang. "Sintering behavior of ceramic bodies from electric arc furnace slag." In 2014 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wartia.2014.6976193.

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Tong, Shaohua, Guiqin Li, Lixin Lu, and Shuai Guo. "Design and Calculation of the Transmission System for Sintering Furnace." In 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emeit.2012.240.

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Cao, Shukun, Heng Zhang, Changsheng Ai, Lei Shi, and Xiangbo Ze. "Mechanical Structure and Motion Control System Design for Continuously Sintering Furnace." In 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacc.2009.138.

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Reports on the topic "Sintering furnace"

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Chen, I.-Wei. A Gas Pressure Sintering Furnace for Structural Ceramics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388204.

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