Academic literature on the topic 'Single room assignment'

Abstract Background Few studies have directly examined the link between assignment to a multi-bed vs. single-bed room and the risk for hospital onset C. difficileinfection (HO-CDI). Therefore, in this case–control study, we investigated whether assignment to a single-bed room reduced the risk of HO-CDI in adult inpatients on medical/surgical floors. Methods Consecutive cases of HO-CDI, defined as adult patients admitted to San Francisco General Hospital with a new positive C. difficile stool test >72 hours after admission, were identified for the period between January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015. Patients who first tested positive for C. difficilein the ICU or who had a history of CDI within the last 12 months were excluded. Controls were selected from the general medical/surgical inpatient population using incidence density sampling and matched to cases on the basis of admission unit and length of admission. A multi-bed room was defined as any room with one or more roommates. A multivariate cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the relationship between room assignment (single vs. multi-bed) and development of HO-CDI. Variables included in the model, on the basis of a directed acyclic graph, were length of admission, HIV infection, and age. Results 184 cases and 373 controls were identified during the study period. The median ages of cases and controls were 60 years and 56 years, and mean Charlson comorbidity scores were 3.8 and 3.7, respectively. The hazard ratio for the development HO-CDI associated with multi-bed room exposure was 2.32 (P = 0.03) with a 95% CI for the hazard ratio of 1.05 to 5.17. Conclusion In this study, assignment of patients to multi-bed rooms on general medical and surgical wards was associated with an increased hazard for the development of HO-CDI. This finding, especially if confirmed in other institutions, could have implications for patient room assignment and hospital design. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether assignment to a multiple-bed room increased the risk of hospital-onset C. difficile diarrhea (HO-CDI).DesignCase-control study.SettingSan Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center.PopulationAdult general medical and surgical inpatients.MethodsConsecutive cases of HO-CDI were identified between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. To investigate the effect of multiple-bed room exposure both at admission and at the time of symptom onset, 2 sets of controls were selected from the general medical/surgical inpatient population using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between room assignment (single bed vs multiple beds) and the development of HO-CDI.ResultsIn total, 187 cases were identified and matched with 512 and 515 controls for the admission and at-diagnosis analyses, respectively. The adjusted rate ratio (RR) associated with the development HO-CDI associated with multiple-bed room exposure during the 7 and 14 days immediately prior to HO-CDI diagnosis were 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.25; P=.31) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–1.18; P=.12), respectively. Furthermore, no significant association was detected in the analysis of the first 7 and 14 days after case admission or among patients with Charlson comorbidity scores ≥4 in either period.ConclusionAssignment of patients to multiple-bed rooms on general medical and surgical wards was not associated with an increased risk in the development of HO-CDI. Future investigation should be performed with larger cohorts in multiple sites to more definitively address the question because this issue could have implications for patient room assignment and hospital design.

Abstract Single crystals of sulphamethoxazole were X-irradiated at 273 K. ESR and ENDOR spectra were obtained at 100 K. The free radicals stable at room temperature are formally formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the methyl group of the molecule. The unpaired electron is delocalized in the isoxazole ring. The assignment is supported by comparisons of spin densities obtained experimentally and by semiempirical molecular orbital calculations

AbstractPolarized far- and mid-infrared reflectance spectra were measured at room temperature for the new mineral species jarandolite, CaB3O4(OH)3, for the two principal directions. Thirty three vibration modes for and 32 for were observed and analysed numerically. Symmetry analysis predicts 41 and 40 vibration modes that include lattice and O–H modes. Mode assignment was made based on the structure of jarandolite. The values of the mode frequencies (ωTO), the damping factors (γ) and the oscillator strength (S) of each oscillator were obtained by fitting to a Lorentz model.

Abstract: The title of this paper research result is “The Passive Cooling Alternatif Technique Which Is Efficient In Auditorium Room ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University. The problem which is going to be discussed in this final assignment research is to find the passive cooling technique which is applicable and effective to thermal comfort aspect for auditorium room ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University. The goal which is going to be achieved in this final assignment is to know the passive cooling technique which is applicableand effective to thermal comfort aspect for auditorium room ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University.The research method is conducted by direct observation on sample. Then the research model is made according to observation result. Then, the research model was tested by ecotect software to measure the temperature made by each model. The data got from the measurement were analyzed for thermal quality.Based on the analysis result, it is known that temperature in auditorium room ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University until 30 celcius and that is not recommendation for comfortable room. Passive cooling techniques which are applicable for auditorium room ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University are ventilative cooling and mass effect cooling (single banked room). It is also known that the effective passive cooling technique is mix-ventilation type with ratio ventilation more than 1:6,79. It is also known that there is a relation between room volume percentages which is passed by air stream with its air temperature in the room.Keywords: passive cooling technique, applicable, effective, auditorium room, UNISA

A crucial step during commissioning of wireless sensor and automation networks is assigning high-level node addresses (e.g., floor/room/fixture) to nodes mounted at their respective location. This address assignment typically requires visiting every single node prior to, during, or after mounting. For large-scale networks it also presents a considerable logistical effort. This paper describes a new approach to automatically assign high-level addresses without visiting every node. First, the wireless channel is simulated using a deterministic channel simulation in order to obtain node-to-node estimates of path loss. Next, the channel is measured by a precommissioning test procedure on the live network. In a third step, results from measurements and simulation are condensed into graphs and matched against each other. The resulting problem, identified as weighted graph matching, is solved heuristically. Viability of the approach and its performance is demonstrated by means of a publicly available test data set, which the algorithm is able to solve flawlessly. Further points of interest are the conditions that lead to high quality address assignments.

The hotel administrator and receptionist can manage all hotel operations online using the desktop-based application known as the hotel management system. Being a very busy individual, the hotel administrator or receptionist does not have time to sit down and oversee all actions manually on paper. He now has the ability and freedom to control the complete system from a single web platform thanks to this programme. It oversees and keeps up the hotel's records of guests, accommodations, staff, and drivers. The project aims to keep the daily state of customer admission/vacation, employee list, room data, etc. The primary goal of this project is to offer hotels a way to handle most of their operations using computerized processes. This software will assist the administrator in managing client information, room assignment information, payment information, driver information, reserving rooms of two distinct types, etc. With the aid of the NetBeans IDE, it is constructed in the Java programming language. Java is used for its frontend and MySQL for its backend.

The structure of ultrathin films of Ni deposited at room temperature on the Pt (111) surface has been determined by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensity analysis. The first monolayer of Ni grows pseudomorphically on Pt (111) despite the 11% mismatch between the lattice parameters of nickel and platinum. The results of the analysis also show that the Ni atoms occupy face-centered-cubic sites on the substrate surface. These results in part confirm previous data obtained by X-ray photoelectron diffraction, but also provide more reliable data on the site assignment.

Les infections respiratoires hautes et basses constituent un motif fréquent de recours aux soins. Parmi les suspicions d’infections respiratoires basses aux urgences, les virus respiratoires sont retrouvés dans 30 à 50% des cas. Leur diagnostic précis et rapide est nécessaire au bon usage des anti-infectieux, au recours à l’hospitalisation, à la gestion du flux de patients et à l’instauration des mesures de précaution nécessaires. Nous avons évalué l’impact de l’implémentation d’une PCR multiplex permettant un diagnostic syndromique rapide et délocalisé dans un service d’accueil des urgences des virus responsables d’infections respiratoires. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une revue narrative des tests microbiologiques disponibles puis nous avons: 1) Étudié l’impact du délai de réponse du laboratoire de virologie centralisé (médiane 18h) sur les stratégies de placement en chambre seule des patients présentant une infection par des virus influenza, 2) Mené une étude de faisabilité de l’implémentation d’une technique de PCR syndromique rapide délocalisée aux urgences, 3) Évalué prospectivement l’impact de la réponse virologique rapide sur la prise en charge des patients suspects d’infections respiratoires basses à l’aide d’une essai clinique contrôlé, 4) Etudié, au début de la pandémie de SARS-CoV-2, les caractéristiques cliniques et biologiques qui permettaient de distinguer les patients infectés par le SARS-CoV-2 ou un autre virus respiratoire comme les virus influenza, le VRS ou le rhinovirus. Nous avons ainsi montré : - que le long délai de rendu du laboratoire centralisé ne permettait pas une prise en compte efficace du résultat de PCR pour le placement des patients grippés en chambre seule, que le diagnostic viral délocalisé aux urgences est possible et permet plus d’hospitalisation en chambre seule pour les patients influenza positif au cours de l’étude randomisée (74% vs 50%), mais pas trouvé de bénéfice du diagnostic délocalisé sur la durée de l’antibiothérapie ou de l’hospitalisation. - que la fièvre, l’âge, le sexe masculin et l’absence d’expectoration étaient plus fréquemment associés au diagnostic d’un SARS-CoV-2 que d’un autre virus respiratoire et que la co-infection d’un SARS- CoV-2 avec un autre virus respiratoire n’était pas associée à un pronostic plus sévère.Il parait aujourd’hui nécessaire d’intégrer la mPCR dans une stratégie plus large, incluant scanner et marqueurs d’inflammation, pour une prise en charge optimale aux urgences et impacter la consommation d’antibiotiques et les durées de séjours
Upper and lower respiratory infections are a frequent reason for seeking treatment. Among the suspicions of lower respiratory infections in emergency rooms, respiratory viruses are found in 30 to 50% of cases. Their precise and rapid diagnosis is necessary for the proper use of anti-infectives, for hospitalization, for the management of the flow of patients, and the establishment of the necessary precautionary measures. We evaluated the impact of the implementation of a multiplex PCR allowing a rapid and delocalized syndromic diagnosis in an emergency department of the viruses responsible for respiratory infections. First, we carried out a narrative review of the available microbiological tests, then we:- Studied the impact of the response time of the centralized virology laboratory (median 18h) on room-only placement strategies for patients with influenza virus infection,- Conducted a feasibility study on the implementation of a rapid syndromic PCR technique relocated to the emergency room, -Prospectively evaluated the impact of the rapid virological response on the management of patients with suspected lower respiratory infections using a controlled clinical trial, - Studied, at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical and biological characteristics which made it possible to distinguish patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or another respiratory virus such as influenza viruses, RSV, or rhinovirus.We have thus shown:- that the long turnaround time from the centralized laboratory did not allow effective consideration of the PCR result for the single room assignment of influenza-positive patients - that delocalized viral diagnosis in the emergency room is possible and allows more room-only hospitalization for influenza-positive patients during the randomized study (74% vs 50%), but no benefit was found from delocalized diagnosis throughout antibiotic therapy or hospitalization. - that fever, age, male sex, and absence of sputum were more frequently associated with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 than with any other respiratory virus, and co-infection with SARS- CoV-2 with another respiratory virus was not associated with a more severe prognosis. It now seems necessary to integrate mPCR into a broader strategy, including CT scan and inflammation markers, for optimal management in emergencies and impact the consumption of antibiotics and the length of stays

The procedures shown in Chapter 3 allow the determination of the absolute configuration of several classes of compounds (Chapter 1, Figure 1.18), but they require the preparation of two derivatives and the comparison of their NMR spectra. Alternative methods have been developed for secondary alcohols and α-chiral primary amines. These are particularly suited for those cases where the amount of the available sample is low, and they require the preparation of only a single derivative [41–43, 55–56, 165]. There are three different approaches to using only a single derivatization to perform the assignment of those substrates [13, 165]. The first two are based on a controlled conformational change that is produced either by modification of the probe temperature [41, 165] or by selective complexation [42, 55, 56, 165]. The third one is based on the differences observed between the chemical shifts of the free alcohol and those of the 9-AMA ester derivative [43, 165]. In general, these single-derivatization procedures are limited to 1H NMR. Because the shift differences observed in 13C NMR are quite small, they produce insignificant Δδ values, and therefore the signs are not sufficiently accurate to produce a safe assignment [72]. Explanations and examples of applications are presented in the remainder of this chapter. For the assignment of secondary alcohols, a simple approach based on the use of a single MPA ester has proven to work very well [41, 165]. It is based on the controlled shift of the conformational equilibrium between the two main conformers (sp/ap) that were described in Chapter 1 for the MPA esters of secondary alcohols [36, 37]. Thus, for the assignment, it is only necessary to prepare either the (R)- or the (S)-MPA ester and then to compare the chemical shifts of L1/L2 in the spectra taken at room temperature and at a lower temperature [41]. Figure 4.2 presents a summary of the procedure and the graphical model expressing the ΔδT1T2 correlation between the sign and the stereochemistry for the assignment of secondary alcohols derivatized as (R)- or as (S)-MPA esters.

The Multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) programming model usually refers to computing on distributed memory machines with multiple independent processors. Although processors may run independent instruction streams, we are interested in streams that are always portions of a single program. Between processors which share a coherent memory view (within a node), data access is immediate, whereas between nodes data access is effected by message passing. In this book, we use MPI for such message passing. MPI has emerged as a more/less standard message passing system used on both shared memory and distributed memory machines. It is often the case that although the system consists of multiple independent instruction streams, the programming model is not too different from SIMD. Namely, the totality of a program is logically split into many independent tasks each processed by a group (see Appendix D) of processes—but the overall program is effectively single threaded at the beginning, and likewise at the end. The MIMD model, however, is extremely flexible in that no one process is always master and the other processes slaves. A communicator group of processes performs certain tasks, usually with an arbitrary master/slave relationship. One process may be assigned to be master (or root) and coordinates the tasks of others in the group. We emphasize that the assignments of which is root is arbitrary—any processor may be chosen. Frequently, however, this choice is one of convenience—a file server node, for example. Processors and memory are connected by a network, for example, Figure 5.1. In this form, each processor has its own local memory. This is not always the case: The Cray X1, and NEC SX-6 through SX-8 series machines, have common memory within nodes. Within a node, memory coherency is maintained within local caches. Between nodes, it remains the programmer’s responsibility to assure a proper read–update relationship in the shared data. Data updated by one set of processes should not be clobbered by another set until the data are properly used.

Abstract Many commercial Computer-Aided Design software have been introduced in high schools and undergraduate engineering colleges in the past decades. Basic CAD skills have become the essential engineering skill which all students need to have. Because many colleges offer basic CAD courses as early as freshman course sequences, the size of the class is quite large. That means many assignments for instructors and a lot of time to grade assignments. When instructors grade assignments, they need to open CAD files, check the accuracy of models, and close CAD files again. If they grade multiple assignments or sometime even 100s of assignments required, time to spend to grade those assignments will be tremendous. So, the CAD software API (Application Program Interface) based software was developed by author. The first version of the program was developed in 2018 and presented in the IMECE conference. The program was designed for SolidWorks using Visual Basic for Applications and provides several useful functions. The program opens multiple CAD files and check the critical values including dimensions and closes those automatically. The results are saved in Excel file to review later. The first version of the program was accepted positively by the fellow colleagues. However, there was always room for improvement. Since then, the program has been completely revamped. 1) More functions have been added to the program including the screen capture of open 3d models, 2) The program has been optimized as an independent executable program which run separately from the CAD software, 3) The program now supports multiple CAD software, 4) The program checks the watermark in the files to prevent plagiarism. In this paper, the following topics will be discussed and presented. 1) The problem with manual grading and assessment, 2) History and background of API functionality in commercial CAD software, 3) Previous development of API based evaluation software, 4) Example of the developed API program, 5) Comparison between previous program and new program. 6) Future improvement plan of API program. An actual demonstration of the program will be given during the presentation.

The room temperture first-order Raman spectra of the TI2CaBa2Cu2Ox (2 CuO2-layer) 2122 phase and the TI2Ca2Ba2Cu3Ox (3 CuO2-layer) 2223 phase with respective superconducting transition temperatures of 100 and 125 K are presented. The weak Raman scattering efficiency of the essentially single 2122 phase and predominantly 2223 phase samples produces spectra with a considerable number of partially overlapping phonon peaks between 350 and 650 cm−1 and a few at lower frequencies. Comparison with Raman spectra of the impurity phase candidates BaO2, BaCuO2, CaCuO2, TI2O3, TICa5Cu6 allow identification of the intrinsic Raman modes of both superconducting phases. Factor group analysis of the tetragonal unit cells of both phases, space group 14/mmm, yields the mode classifications and the atoms involved in the modes of A g symmetry which are expected to be the strongest. Similarities between the spectra of the 2223 and 2122 phases and comparison with the well-characterized YBa2Cu3Ox Raman spectrum suggest mode assignments for the high-frequency modes of A g symmetry involving O motion.

Operation and management of ships is a typical service system including human factors. In recent years, the maritime industry has become increasingly concerned about human factors against maritime accidents, which have still remained high rate. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978/2010 (STCW convention) made that maritime resource management (MRM) is a requirement for seafarers' qualifications, including BRM (Bridge Resource Management) for the navigation department and ERM (Engine Room Resource Management) for the engine department. This paper focuses on ERM, which is a method to operate a ship safely by appropriately managing and effectively utilizing resources in the ship engine area. The STCW code lists the following requirements for ERM: (1) allocation, assignment and prioritization of resources (2) effective communication (3) assertiveness and leadership (4) obtaining and maintaining situational awareness (5) consideration of team experience.MRM has been developed based on Crew Resource Management (CRM), which has been developed in the aviation industry and has been one of the important issues in human factors research, by fitting the characteristics and target tasks of ships. At present, MRM capability is being developed through training-based methods. However, MRM does not depend solely on the abilities and skills of individuals, but can be demonstrated by organizations. In addition, as the equipment on ships becomes more complicated in response to environmental regulations and efficient operation, it is becoming more difficult for the personnel in the engine department to manage and control all the resources alone. In the future, it will be necessary to provide remote support from the members onshore, to make data visible efficiently by utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT), and to develop mechanisms and systems to support ERM in the actual field.In this paper, we propose a conceptual model of support system for ERM using human awareness and IoT sensors, and an ERM concept that extends to remote members onshore including engineering supervisors and maintenance personnel in shipbuilding companies. The proposed model uses not only an IoT system to collect sensor data from the main engine, generator, and other equipment on board the ship, but also the smart voice messaging system that allows the crew to share and store their operations and observations (human awareness). This model is classified as Internet of Everything (IoE) since it consists of IoT and human awareness. The smart voice messaging system had been developed for collaboration management in various services including maintenance by authors (Uchihira et al., Collaboration management by smart voice messaging for physical and adaptive intelligent services, PICMET 2013). The proposed ERM support system based on IoE is still conceptual model. We evaluated effectiveness of the proposed system by interviewing several ship managers. As a result, it was found that the system has the potential to support the resource management of equipment and personnel, which is the objective of MRM. Unique points of the proposed model include (1) ERM model extended to remote members onshore and (2) ERM support system utilizing both IoT sensor data and human awareness together.

Abstract The current oil and gas production scenario is characterized by high market volatility, increasing Energy Efficiency targets and subsequent requirements in operation excellence. This leads to an ever-increasing attention towards more efficient asset management. This paper illustrates the application of Advanced Process Control techniques to beyond-standard targets of process parameters and product specifications, supporting carbon footprint reduction process. The Oil & Gas treatment facility is made of 4 oil and 5 gas process trains with an overall gross production of more than 100 KBOED. An advanced Adaptive Process Control application has been first tested on a Digital Twin and then implemented on one single GOSP (Gas Oil Separation) section. This application has then been extended to all the process trains, including the Gas treatment section. A fully integrated Adaptive Process Control Orchestrator and Dynamic Optimizer has been deployed across the entire site to grant an efficient load management between trains, maximizing hydrocarbon production and the energy efficiency of the asset maintaining every equipment within the proper operating windows. APC deployment on a brownfield upstream facility demonstrated to improve asset efficiency by optimizing performance within design capabilities. Energy consumptions were significantly reduced by product specification prediction and early identification of potential process upsets. A sensible production capacity increase has also been recorded thanks to process stabilization. Results eventually show that in an industry where process optimization by design changes is not always feasible or cost-effective, a well-tuned APC controller can increase asset performance with a minimum investment. Moreover, project delivering didn't require disruption in normal operation nor design changes in existing equipment. Significant results have been obtained in terms of alarms reduction through a standardization of the control philosophy and also in terms of energy/CO2 reduction with an average −15% specific energy and CO2 reduction achieved just in GOSP section. Moreover, APC has demonstrated a critical support to operators during equipment upsets through the "auto-pilot" control of the process trains not affected by the transient. Advanced Process Control is a multiple input – multiple output (MIMO) digital tool that nowadays has never been systematically implemented in upstream facilities. Main reasons are the high volatility of reservoir fluids flowrates and product overspecification that assures safe operations and production continuity. APC changes significantly control-room operator working routine of an upstream production plant. Without APC, operator's experience relies on 1-to-1 relationships between one manipulated variable (MV) and one controlled variable (CV) even if more than one CV is affected by one MV move. Optimization runs are carried out with a frequency lower than a minute and within every run, a move could be assigned to any manipulated variable. APC operator can focus on CV limits assignments, being relieved of smoothing PID loops moves.