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1
Ashraf, Yasir, Hafiz Javaid Iqbal, Shanaka Senevirathana, and Tanweer Ashraf. "Has the modern design of Attune total knee replacement improved outcome in patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis?" Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 230949902097555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020975553.
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Introduction and Aim: Modern knee replacements aim to improve patient function in arthritis affecting different compartments of the knee. This study evaluates the Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) and functional outcome of a modern total knee replacement (Attune, DePuy) in patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients with isolated unilateral patellofemoral arthritis having had Attune total knee replacements at a single institution between 2010 and 2016 were prospectively studied. Five patients who developed symptoms on the opposite side during the study and two patients lost to follow-up were excluded. One patient needed early revision for loosening, leaving a total of 42 patients to be followed up over a period of 4 years. The Oxford Knee score (OKS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) recorded pre-operatively and at follow-up was compared. A Functional assessment at around 8 months after operation was undertaken. Results: At average follow-up of 24 months the mean OKS score improved by 15 points and the KOOS score improved by 20 points. Final KOOS sub-score for Pain was 80, Symptom 80, and ADL 82, Sports & Recreation 32 and QOL 60. Functional assessment at mean 8 months showed that a significant number of patients were able to Kneel (50%); Sit cross legged (23%); sit on their heel (23%) and were able do a single leg dip test (86%). Conclusion: This unique study of a modern design total knee replacement (Attune) in patients with isolated unilateral patellofemoral arthritis shows good PROM scores at 2 years and good functional assessment results at 8 months. The PROM scores are marginally better than the published results with Attune’s predecessor, in a similar cohort of patients, but falls short of the published results of patellofemoral replacement implants. Large randomised comparative studies between traditional and the modern implant design is recommended to answer the question if design modification has influenced clinical outcome in patients with patellofemoral arthritis.
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Mushtaq, Nadeem, David Isaac, Katherine Dillow, Paul Gill, and Alexander Liddle. "Patient-Reported Outcomes following Single- and Multiple-Radius Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized, Controlled Trial." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 01 (May 5, 2017): 087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602132.
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AbstractAlthough single-radius (SR) designs of total knee replacement (TKR) have theoretical benefits, the clinical advantage conferred by such designs is unknown. The aim of this randomized, controlled study was to compare the short-term clinical outcomes of the two design rationales. A total of 105 knees were randomized to receive either a single radius (Scorpio, Stryker; SR Group) or multiple radius (AGC, Zimmer Biomet; MR group) TKR. Patient-reported outcomes (Oxford Knee Score [OKS] and Knee Society Score [KSS]) were collected at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year following surgery. No knees were revised. There was no difference in primary outcomes: OKS was 39.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.9–42.1) in the SR group and 38.1 (95% CI: 36.0–40.3) in the MR group (p = 0.40). KSS was 168.4 (95% CI: 159.8–177.0) in the SR group; 159.5 (95% CI 150.5–168.5) in the MR group (p = 0.16). There was a small but statistically significant difference in the degree of change of the objective subscale of the KSS, favoring the SR design (p = 0.04), but this is of uncertain clinical relevance. The reported benefits of SR designs do not provide demonstrable functional advantages in the short term.
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Murali, R., and Dr R. Rajappan. "Design and Analysis of Interpretation for Orthopedic Plate with Titanium Alloy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 4127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45955.
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Abstract: The bone is considered as a linear-elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous materials. Trauma is a major cause of death and disability in both developed and developing nations. The mainly consider interpretation of accident after healing orthopaedic surgery plate replacement material design, evaluation, machining and optimization can be consider in this project. In this project setup is simply replacement method for three models of healing plate of single hole, four holes and six holes plate design in Solid Works. Evaluation process used in 3D finite element methods for a fractured bone with three models of titanium alloy plates is analysed using ANSYS workbench.
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Hanipah, Mohd Razali, Shahin Mansor, M. R. M. Akramin, and Akhtar Razul Razali. "Design and parametric characterization of flexure bearing as automotive valve spring replacement." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 4704–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.25.0395.
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Automotive valve springs occupy substantial space in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. In this paper, the design and analyses of a flat spring concept, known as flexure bearing are presented. Further, design approach, characteristics and parametric characterizations of a single-piece flexure bearing concept are outlined. Finite element analysis was used in examining the flexure bearing strength for different designs, materials and thicknesses. The results show that the maximum stress values are independent of the material types when the number of arm is three and above. The strain values are limited to less than 1% for all materials when the thickness is more than 1mm. The results have provided characteristics for future selection of the flexure bearing in relation to the intended axial displacement.
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Clarke, Henry D., Timothy A. Damron, Robert T. Trousdale, Franklin H. Sim, and Dirk R. Larson. "Head and Neck Replacement Prostheses in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Experience With a Single Modern Design." Orthopedics 22, no. 3 (March 1999): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19990301-07.
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Tu, Tsung-Hsi, Jau-Ching Wu, Li-Yu Fay, Chin-Chu Ko, Wen-Cheng Huang, and Henrich Cheng. "Vertebral body split fracture after a single-level cervical total disc replacement." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 16, no. 3 (March 2012): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.11.spine11210.
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Cervical total disc replacement (TDR) is a viable option for the surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease. This 67-year-old nonsmoking male patient underwent single-level ProDisc-C cervical TDR at C5–6 without any intraoperative problem. His radicular pain improved and he had no neck pain immediately after the operation. However, on postoperative Day 3, a radiograph demonstrated a vertical split fracture of the C-5 vertebra. This fracture was managed conservatively, and 2 years postoperatively a follow-up CT scan demonstrated stable device position and fusion of the fracture. Although the linear fracture caused no neurological symptoms or device migration, the authors advocate prudence in selection and installation of keel-design prostheses, even in a single-level cervical TDR scenario.
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Jain, Nickul Saral, Ailene Nguyen, Blake Formanek, Ram Alluri, Zorica Buser, Ray Hah, and Jeffrey Chun Wang. "Cervical Disc Replacement: Trends, Costs, and Complications." Asian Spine Journal 14, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2019.0246.
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Study Design: Retrospective review of insurance database.Purpose: To investigate national trends, complications, and costs after cervical disc replacement (CDR) using an administrative insurance database representative of the United States population.Overview of Literature: As CDR continues to be used to treat patients with cervical stenosis, it is important to gain a better understanding of its use on a national level, potential complications, and cost. This information will allow for optimal patient counseling, risk stratification, and healthcare cost assessments. Several prior studies have investigated complications associated with CDR, but they have been limited by small sample size, single institution experiences, limited follow-up, and potential conflicts of interest.Methods: Patients who underwent single or multilevel CDR between 2007 and 2015 were identified using an insurance database. We collected data on annual trends, reimbursement costs, patient demographic information, hospital information, and information on complications from the time of operation to 1 year postoperative.Results: Total of 293 patients underwent either single or multilevel CDR. The number of procedures increased nonlinearly over time at an average of 17% per year, with a greater increase seen in the outpatient setting. Less than 3.7% of patients had new onset pain within 1 year after CDR. Within 1 year, 12.3% of patients reported a mechanical and/or bone-related complication. There were no patients who indicated a new nerve injury within 6 months of follow-up. Less than 3.7% of patients presented with dysphagia or dysphonia within 6 months, infection within 3 months, or a revision or reoperation within 1 year. Average reimbursement for single-level inpatient versus outpatient CDR was US $33,696.28 and US $34,675.12, respectively (p =0.29).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of CDR continued to increase. The most common complication was mechanical and/or bone-related, and cost analysis demonstrated no significant difference between inpatient and outpatient CDR.
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Naumovic, Milica. "Comparative study of zero effects in pole-placement control system design via the shift and delta transforms." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 18, no. 3 (2005): 439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0503439n.
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This paper deals with the special replacement of the shift operator and its associated z transform by delta operator and ? transform, respectively. The aim of the paper is to clarify the role of zeros of discretized linear single input single output continuous-time systems modeled by shift and delta operators. In particular, the effect of zero dynamics on the control system design based on classical pole-zero assignment in the case of both operators is considered. The analysis is illustrated by simulation results.
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Mohapatra, Eleena, Jhansirani Jena, Devika Jena, Sanghamitra Das, and Taraprasanna Dash. "Design technique co-optimization approach to GAA FETs for inverter design at advanced technology node." Nanomaterials and Energy 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.23.00029.
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Gate-all-around Nanosheet field-effect transistor (GAA-NSFET) is a potential replacement for the state-of-art FinFET devices at advanced technology nodes. In this article, the impact of process-induced variability such as gate work function variation (WFV) on NSFETs using 3D TCAD numerical device simulation is studied. The WFV of NSFETs and NWFETs using multiple stack channels are also analyzed. The fluctuation in the threshold voltage (σVTH) and on-current (σION) of NSFETs is mainly affected by the WFV of the metal gate. It is investigated that single and 3-stacked NSFET shows superior immunity to WFV compared to NWFET. Furthermore, a layout-based NSFET inverter design using the DTCO technique is followed and the advantages of the stacked NSFET in terms of delay, power dissipation and switching energy are also reported.
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Protea, Liviu-Bogdan, and Cristian-Mircea Muscai. "Design of low voltage electrical circuits for industrial receivers." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Engineering 67, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeng.2022.1.21.
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The paper presents the creation of a software for designing, verifying and analyzing voltage drops on electrical circuits, taking into account the classic design formulas and also the reactance of low-voltage electric cables. With the help of the application, it is possible to dimension and verify the existing electrical circuits as well as those of the single-wire schemes being designed as a result of the modernization or replacement of equipment in existing distribution networks. The application can be used for designing general consumers or for electrical equipment operated with direct start, star-delta or frequency converter electric motors.
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Zhi, Tiancheng, Bowei Chen, Ivaylo Boyadzhiev, Sing Bing Kang, Martial Hebert, and Srinivasa G. Narasimhan. "Semantically supervised appearance decomposition for virtual staging from a single panorama." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (July 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530148.
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We describe a novel approach to decompose a single panorama of an empty indoor environment into four appearance components: specular, direct sunlight, diffuse and diffuse ambient without direct sunlight. Our system is weakly supervised by automatically generated semantic maps (with floor, wall, ceiling, lamp, window and door labels) that have shown success on perspective views and are trained for panoramas using transfer learning without any further annotations. A GAN-based approach supervised by coarse information obtained from the semantic map extracts specular reflection and direct sunlight regions on the floor and walls. These lighting effects are removed via a similar GAN-based approach and a semantic-aware inpainting step. The appearance decomposition enables multiple applications including sun direction estimation, virtual furniture insertion, floor material replacement, and sun direction change, providing an effective tool for virtual home staging. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a large and recently released dataset of panoramas of empty homes.
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Xu, Su Ying. "Powder Particles Grinder Mechanism Design and Exploration Tool." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.1251.
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The powder particles using the tool grinder is composed of two types . One is mounted on the rotating shaft of the machine tool . This tool is generally single cutting edge . The installation tool is a bolt shank fixed to the rotary shaft of the positioning groove . When you need to replace the tool mechanical enclosure open , loosen all bolts to remove the tool to replace the new tool . With no cutting edge tools can extend tool life. Reduce the number of replacement tools . The second tool is mounted on the housing of the machine tool . Single cutting edge of the tool mounting clearance is small, difficult to adjust the gap . Multi-blade cutter working gap can be formed when using the wedge mounting the inlet and outlet ports of the difference . Move the material in the resulting gap wedge and promote the formation of shear extrusion processing . Quick change fixed tool so that the tool sharp edge retention , reduce heat generation . Quick tool change involves cooling structure , the tool fixed way, the position of the discharge port design and rapid tool change .
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Akgungor, G., N. Kilincaslan, and D. Şen. "Anterior Single Laminate Veneer Restoration Using CEREC Biogeneric Reference Design Mode: Case Report." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.599.
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The single anterior tooth replacement remains a complex aesthetic challenge for clinicians and technicians in prosthetic dentistry. Maxillary central incisors are the key point of an esthetic smile and should exhibit a high degree of symmetry across the midline. Matching the shape and contours to the adjacent central incisor is the crucial factor to achieve an esthetic result. The CEREC system is the first to use chairside CAD/CAM system, which allows the dentist to provide ceramic restorations in a single appointment without time consuming laboratory procedures.This clinical report demonstrates the effective usage of CEREC system with the biogeneric reference design mode for designing and milling of a laminate veneer restoration in one appointment.Digital images of the preparation and bite registration were captured using an intraoral camera and virtual models were created. With the biogeneric reference design mode of CEREC 3.0 software, the image of the contralateral central incisor is mirrored, positioned over the preparation, and then refined. Among a variety of ceramic blocs available for CEREC system, the restoration was milled from feldspathic ceramic block.
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Verotti, Matteo, Alvise Bagolini, Pierluigi Bellutti, and Nicola Pio Belfiore. "Design and Validation of a Single-SOI-Wafer 4-DOF Crawling Microgripper." Micromachines 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060376.
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This paper deals with the manipulation of micro-objects operated by a new concept multi-hinge multi-DoF (degree of freedom) microsystem. The system is composed of a planar 3-DoF microstage and of a set of one-DoF microgrippers, and it is arranged is such a way as to allow any microgripper to crawl over the stage. As a result, the optimal configuration to grasp the micro-object can be reached. Classical algorithms of kinematic analysis have been used to study the rigid-body model of the mobile platform. Then, the rigid-body replacement method has been implemented to design the corresponding compliant mechanism, whose geometry can be transferred onto the etch mask. Deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) is suggested to fabricate the whole system. The main contributions of this investigation consist of (i) the achievement of a relative motion between the supporting platform and the microgrippers, and of (ii) the design of a process flow for the simultaneous fabrication of the stage and the microgrippers, starting from a single silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Functionality is validated via theoretical simulation and finite element analysis, whereas fabrication feasibility is granted by preliminary tests performed on some parts of the microsystem.
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Wang, An Jing, and Yu Zhuo Fu. "Multi-Bit Flip-Flop Replacement Method Optimization and Synthesis Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1239.
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Recently, Multi-bit flip-flop usage has shown its advantage in dynamic power saving in nowadays commercial electronic design. This paper present a more comprehensive comparison of chip-level synthesis result by using single-bit flip-flop and multi-bit flip-flop standard cell and except for analyzing the power and area benefit from replacement under the maximum speed, this paper give a compromise solution to solve that using multi-bit flip-flop cannot run as the fastest as single-bit with even large area. The trade-off between a multi-bit flip-flop cell driving strength and its area when designing multi-bit standard cell that will greatly influence synthesis result as speed arise are also mentioned. Finally, this research about MBFF further usage improvements may be helpful for designers to know how to take full advantage of multi-bit flip-flops to bring about the wanted benefit.
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Williams, Brian A., James W. Ibinson, Joseph M. Mikolic, Monique Y. Boudreaux-Kelly, Henry J. Paiste, Karen L. Gilbert, Samantha A. Bonant, et al. "Day-One Pain Reductions After Hip and Knee Replacement When Buprenorphine-Clonidine-Dexamethasone Is Added to Bupivacaine Nerve/Plexus Blocks: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Pain Medicine 23, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab325.
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Abstract Objective To compare pain outcome reports of patients undergoing hip or knee replacement who received single-injection nerve/plexus blocks with plain bupivacaine (BPV) with those of patients who received injections of buprenorphine-clonidine-dexamethasone (BCD) admixed with BPV. Design Prospective, parallel-arm, randomized, double-blind trial. Setting A single veterans’ hospital. Subjects Ninety-eight veterans scheduled for total hip or knee replacement surgery with spinal as the primary anesthetic. Methods Participants were randomized to BPV-BCD or plain BPV groups. They underwent nerve/plexus blocks in the L2–L4 and L4–S3 distributions in advance of joint replacement surgery. The primary outcome was change in pain from baseline during the postoperative day, as assessed by the total pain score on the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire-v2 (SF-MPQ-2). Secondary outcomes were pain during movement, pain interference, range of motion, mobility, and quality of recovery. Results On postoperative day one, the SF-MPQ-2 total score for the BPV-BCD group demonstrated greater pain reduction than that of the plain BPV group (mean difference 1.8 points, 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 3.0, P = 0.003). The BPV-BCD group also had larger reductions in pain during movement in the surgical joint and less pain interference, along with increased range of hip and knee flexion, compared with the plain BPV group. Outcomes of mobility and quality of recovery were not different between groups. Conclusions Preoperative BPV-BCD blocks in the L2–L4 and L4–S3 nerve distributions for hip and knee replacements led to less pain on postoperative day one and increased knee and hip range of motion, compared with plain BPV blocks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02891798.
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Scrimshire, Ashley B., Caroline Fairhurst, Catriona McDaid, and David J. Torgerson. "Effectiveness of pre-operative anaemia screening and increased Tranexamic acid dose policies on outcomes following unilateral primary, elective total hip or knee replacement: a statistical analysis plan for an interrupted time series and regression discontinuity study." F1000Research 9 (May 13, 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22962.2.
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Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes following hip and knee replacement surgery. Evidence for the effectiveness of some measures aimed at reducing blood transfusions in this setting are limited and often rely on weak pre-post study designs. Quasi-experimental study designs such as interrupted time series (ITS) and regression discontinuity design (RDD) address many of the weaknesses of the pre-post study design. In addition, a priori publication of statistical analysis plans for such studies increases their transparency and likely validity, as readers are able to distinguish between pre-planned and exploratory analyses. As such, this article, written prospective of any analysis, provides the statistical analysis plan for an ITS and RDD study based on a data set of 20,772 primary elective hip and knee replacement patients in a single English NHS Trust. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of a preoperative anaemia optimisation service on perioperative blood transfusion (within 7 days of surgery) using both ITS and RDD methods. A secondary aim is to evaluate the impact of a policy of increased tranexamic acid dose given at the time of surgery, using ITS methods.
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Scrimshire, Ashley B., Caroline Fairhurst, Catriona McDaid, and David J. Torgerson. "Effectiveness of pre-operative anaemia screening and increased Tranexamic acid dose on outcomes following unilateral primary, elective total hip or knee replacement: a statistical analysis plan for an interrupted time series and regression discontinuity study." F1000Research 9 (April 1, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22962.1.
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Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes following hip and knee replacement surgery. Evidence for the effectiveness of some measures aimed at reducing blood transfusions in this setting are limited and often rely on weak pre-post study designs. Quasi-experimental study designs such as interrupted time series (ITS) and regression discontinuity design (RDD) address many of the weaknesses of the pre-post study design. In addition, a priori publication of statistical analysis plans for such studies increases their transparency and likely validity, as readers are able to distinguish between pre-planned and exploratory analyses. As such, this article, written prospective of any analysis, provides the statistical analysis plan for an ITS and RDD study based on a data set of 20,772 primary elective hip and knee replacement patients in a single English NHS Trust. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of a preoperative anaemia optimisation service on perioperative blood transfusion (within 7 days of surgery) using both ITS and RDD methods. A secondary aim is to evaluate the impact of a policy of increased tranexamic acid dose given at the time of surgery, using ITS methods.
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Ge, Zhen Yang, Wang Wang Wu, Ying Jie Yu, and Rui Qing Zhang. "Design of Mechanical Arm for Laser Weeding Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.834.
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A design of mechanical arm for laser weeding robot is described. The long term objective of the project is the replacement of chemical weeding by laser weeding. The distinguishing feature of this design is the use of a mechanical arm, which is equipped with a laser generator and a control center consisted of a single chip microcomputer and two driver hybrid ICs. The mechanical arm comprises two stepping motors vertically linked together. The robot moves ahead one step, the working area of laser generator is divided into 10×10 grids. Through the inverse operation of mechanical arm, the motor displacement angle of each grid is calculated. Mechanical arm turns to designated position if single chip gets weeds position information. The result of the design is a key executive mechanism of laser weeding. The operation error of mechanical arm is analyzed. The arm can point the laser beam towards the target weeds with small error. After the order of the execution areas is optimized, the length of arm moving path is shorter. Analysis of the running track shows that the sequence of execution area is feasible and reasonable.
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Teeter, Matthew G., Kevin Perry, Xunhua Yuan, James L. Howard, and Brent A. Lanting. "The Effects of Resection Technique on Implant Migration in Single Radius Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Replacement." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 01 (December 18, 2018): 078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676462.
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AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to measure the effects of gap balancing and resection techniques on migration of a single total knee replacement implant design. A total of 23 patients (24 knees) were recruited on referral to either a surgeon performing gap balancing or a surgeon performing measured resection and followed prospectively. All patients received a fixed bearing, posterior stabilized total knee replacement implant of a single radius femoral component design with cement fixation, and all aspects of care outside of resection technique were identical. Patients underwent radiostereometric analysis (RSA) at 2 weeks (baseline), 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Migration of the tibial and femoral components was compared between groups. Tibial component migration was greater at 2 years in the gap balancing group (mean difference = 0.336 mm, p = 0.036), but there was no difference at 1 year. One measured resection and three gap balancing tibial components demonstrated continuous migration > 0.2 mm between years 1 and 2. There was no difference in femoral component migration. Small differences in tibial component migration were found between the gap balancing and measured resection techniques. However, comparing the migration to established predictive thresholds for long-term loosening risk, implants performed with both techniques were found to have equally low revision risk.
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Bharatiraja, C., P. Sanjeevikumar, Aganti Mahes, Ayushi Saxena, K. Padmapriya, B. K. Mithra, AS Swathimala, and S. Raghu. "Analysis, Design and Investigation on a New Single-Phase Switched Quasi Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic Application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp853-860.
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This paper addresses the approach to improve the efficiency of the quasi Z-source inverter. In order to increase the efficiency the reduction of conduction losses is one way to approach. Sequentially to decrease the conduction losses in the quasi z-source inverter the replacement of diode is replacing with switches is proposed which is also called as synchronous rectification. The paper represents basics of the approach, analysis and comparison of the power losses of the traditional and proposed designs of the grid connected PV-system with quasi z-source inverter system. The proposed approach validated on the computer simulations in the MATLAB environment.
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Ajroldi, Cesare. "Restauro del moderno: progetti a Gibellina." TERRITORIO, no. 62 (September 2012): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-062018.
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There is no profound difference between restoration and design because each restoration is a design, although of a special kind. In this case the design is not an independent operation because the ‘system of rules' intrinsic to the building in question must be identified. Reference to generally acclaimed instances in restoration of the modern allow an architect to relate more closely to this system through an analysis of the formation of the original design, by means of an investigation which clearly assumes the traits of objectivity and communicability. In this manner, the designs establish a close dialogue with every single building, in the sense that each time they interpret the principles of the building in order to address the questions of degeneration, change of use and possible replacement or reconstruction of missing parts which may be in contrast with the original building.
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Sánchez Otero, John, Roque J. Hernández, and Jaime E. Torres S. "The mechanical design of a transfemoral prosthesis using computational tools and design methodology." Ingeniería e Investigación 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v32n3.35934.
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Artificial limb replacement with lower limb prostheses has been widely reported in current scientific literature. There are many lower limb prosthetic designs ranging from a single-axis knee mechanism to complex mechanisms involving microcontrollers, made from many materials ranging from lightweight, high specific strength ones (e.g., carbon fibre) to traditional forms (e.g., stainless steel). However, the challenge is to design prostheses whose movement resembles the human body's natural movement as closely as possible. Advances in prosthetics have enabled many amputees to return to their everyday activities; however, such prostheses are expensive, some costing as much as $60,000. Many of the affected population in Colombia have scarce economic resources; there is therefore a need to develop affordable functional prostheses. The Universidad del Norte's Materials, Processes and Design Research Group and the Robotics and Intelligent Systems Group have been working on this line of research to develop modular prostheses which can be adjusted to each patient's requirements. This research represents an initial methodological approach to developing a prosthesis in which software tools have been used (the finite element method) with a criteria relationship matrix for selecting the best alternative while considering different aspects such as modularity, cost, stiffness and weight.
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Shon, Chang-Seon, Aidyn Tugelbayev, Ramazan Shaimakhanov, Nariman Karatay, Dichuan Zhang, and Jong R. Kim. "Use of Off-ASTM Class F Fly Ash and Waste Limestone Powder in Mortar Mixtures Containing Waste Glass Sand." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010075.
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Developing sustainable concrete with less ordinary Portland cement is a growing issue in the construction industry. Incorporating industrial by-products (such as fly ash or slag) or municipal solid wastes (such as waste glass or recycled concrete aggregate) into the concrete becomes an effective way to reduce the consumption of natural sources and carbon dioxide emission if a proper mix design is provided. The present study examines the influence of the combined use of off-ASTM Class F fly ash (FFA) and waste limestone powder (LSP) on flowability, compressive strength, and expansion characteristics of mortar mixtures containing waste glass sand (WGS). FFA and LSP were used as cement replacement while WGS was used as partial reactive siliceous river sand replacement. Material variables included different WGS replacement ratios (25%, 50%, and 75%) with river sand, LSP contents (25%, 50%, and 75%), FFA contents (15%, 30%, and 45%), and different combinations of FFA-LSP (15–10%, 15–15%, 15–30%, and 15–35%). It is shown that the single use of FFA or LSP reduces both compressive strength and flowability of mortar mixture as its replacement level increases. However, mixtures combined with FFA and LSP provide higher or comparable strength to the single LSP or FFA mixture. For the expansion characteristics due to alkali-silica reaction, the single-use of more than 30% FFA or 75% LSP has less than 0.1% expansion, which is a non-reactive aggregate criterion based on the C1260/C1567 when the test period is extended to 56 days. Moreover, the combination of FFA and LSP has a considerable reduction in expansion rate compared to the single FFA or LSP mixture.
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Ibendahl, Gregory, Matthew Farrell, Stan Spurlock, and Jesse Tack. "Optimal replacement age of a conventional cotton harvester system." Agricultural Finance Review 74, no. 1 (April 29, 2014): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-02-2013-0008.
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Purpose – The cotton industry has seen many technological advances throughout history that have greatly decreased the number of labor hours required to produce a bale of cotton. The latest advancement is a harvesting system that replaces the harvester, boll buggy, and module builder with a single machine. This is an asset replacement decision where there are multiple assets being replaced but the old technology (the defender assets) may all have different remaining lives and optimal lifespans. The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal time to replace the multiple defender assets with a single challenger asset (the improved technology). The goal is to determine if the ages of the boll buggy and the module builder affect the replacement age of the conventional picker. Design/methodology/approach – The paper extends the Perrin model to allow for multiple defender assets. Findings – The paper finds that the supporting assets do sometimes affect the decision to replace a conventional cotton picker. If the supporting assets are newer, then the replacement decision may be delayed and if the supporting assets are older then the replacement decision may be accelerated. Field efficiency can affect the decision as well. Originality/value – While the Perrin model has been used extensively, the authors believe the application to a multiple asset defender is unique. Although this type of replacement decision is not common, there could be other applications as new technology is introduced on the farm.
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Pushkar, Svetlana. "Life-Cycle Assessment of the Substitution of Sand with Coal Bottom Ash in Concrete: Two Concrete Design Methods." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173620.
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Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate the replacement of sand with coal bottom ash (CBA) in concrete. CBA is a byproduct of coal-fueled electricity production. Sand was replaced with CBA at proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt.%, and the resultant concretes were denoted as CBA0, CBA25, CBA50, CBA75, and CBA100, respectively. Two concrete mixture design methods (that resulted in different component qualities of concrete mixtures) were used: (i) Mixture with a fixed slump (MIX-fixed-SLUMP) and (ii) mixture with a fixed water/cement ratio (MIX-fixed-W/C). The ReCiPe2016 midpoint and single score (six methodological options) methods were followed to compare the environmental damage caused by the CBA-based concretes. The ReCiPe2016 results showed that replacing sand with CBA was environmentally (i) beneficial with the MIX-fixed-SLUMP design and (ii) harmful with the MIX-fixed-W/C design. Therefore, using CBA as a partial sand replacement in concrete production is a controversial issue as it highly depends on the concrete mixture design method.
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Lamack, William F., and Alex X. Niemiera. "Application Method Affects Water Application Efficiency of Spray Stake-irrigated Containers." HortScience 28, no. 6 (June 1993): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.6.625.
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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of water application medium moisture deficit, water application rate, and intermittent application on water application efficiency {[(amount applied - amount leached)/amount applied] x 100} of spray stake-irrigated, container-grown plants. Pine bark-filled containers were irrigated to replace moisture deficits of 600, 1200, or 1800 ml; deficits were returned in single, continuous applications of 148, 220, or 270 ml·min-l. Efficiency was unaffected by application rate but decreased with increased medium moisture deficit. In the second experiment, container medium at a 600-ml deficit was irrigated with 400 or 600 ml (6570 and 100% water replacement, respectively); deficits were returned in a single, continuous application or in intermittent 100-ml applications with 30-min intervals between irrigations. Application efficiency was greater with intermittent irrigation (95% and 84% for 400- and 600-ml replacement, respectively) than with continuous irrigation (84% and 67% for 400- and 600-ml replacement, respectively). In the third experiment, pine bark was irrigated with 600 ml water (100% replacement) in 50-, 100-, or 150-ml aliquots with 20, 40, or 60 min between applications in a factorial design. Efficiency increased with decreasing application volume and increasing time between applications. Highest efficiency (86%) was achieved with an irrigation regimen of 50-ml applications with at least 40 min between applications, compared to 62% for the control treatment (a single, continuous application of 600 ml). Our results suggest that growers using spray stakes would waste less water by applying water intermittently rather than continuously.
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Kuniewski, Maciej. "FRA Diagnostics Measurement of Winding Deformation in Model Single-Phase Transformers Made with Silicon-Steel, Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Cores." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102424.
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The power transformer is a key object in the electrical power system. The working principle hasn’t changed since its discovery. The main work nowadays is focused on the rising of the reliability of transformers and lowering power losses. The replacement of new materials instead of conventionally used ones can provide a solution. This procedure can improve factors, like a reduction of power losses, but also influence others normally neglected, like proper work in higher frequencies. The article presents the measurement results of the frequency characteristics of model test coils made with different magnetic materials cores (silicon steel, amorphous material, and nanocrystalline material), the measurements based on the sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) method used for the determination of chosen frequency characteristics. The analysis presents the impact of different coil deformation levels on frequency characteristics. Results show that the replacement of conventional silicon steel with thinner high permeability materials can modify the state-of-the-art frequency response analysis (FRA) interpretation guidelines. The replacement of a new type of magnetic material as a magnetic core in the existing design of power transformer should lead to a full analysis of its behavior in the high-frequency domain.
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Rickman, Mark S., Peter L. Lewis, Daud TS Chou, William Donnelly, Stephen E. Graves, and Michelle Lorimer. "Risk factors for femoral stem breakage: an analysis of the AOANJRR results." HIP International 30, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700019839206.
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Introduction: Breakage of the femoral stem component of a total hip replacement is now uncommon but continues to be seen with certain stem designs and in certain patient groups. Data previously published on this topic has been limited, either gathered from a single surgeon or centre, or included only a single stem design. Methods: We reviewed the data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), identified and analysed 143 stem breakages over a period of 16 years, covering 44 different stem designs. Results: Our data confirms previously published findings that risk factors for stem breakage include patient age at implantation of under 70, male gender, as well as the use of exchangeable necks. We found no association with initial diagnosis, or type of acetabular component implanted. We did however also find, excluding exchangeable neck designs, that after 4.5 years a cemented stem had a significantly higher risk of breakage then a cementless stem. Discussion: To our knowledge this is the 1st paper to suggest cemented fixation as a specific risk factor for stem breakage. The analysis of rare complications such as stem breakage is only possible through large data collection systems such as the AOANJRR. Whilst there have been recent advances in materials and manufacturing techniques, we recommend that surgeons are aware of all the specific risks when considering implant choices for individual patients.
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Palma, José Carlos, Aline Vieira De Mello, Leandro Möller, Fernando Moraes, and Ney Calazans. "Core Communication Interface for FPGAs." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 1, no. 1 (November 16, 2004): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v1i1.254.
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The use of pre-designed and pre-verified hardware modules, also called IP cores, is an important part of the effort to design and implement complex systems. However, many aspects of IP core manipulation are still to be developed. This paper presents an approach to solve problems related to the dynamic interconnection of hard IP cores. The approach targets system-on-a-chip designs build in a single FPGA device. The paper proposes a communication interface that allows IP cores replacement during the FPGA normal operation. The same interface also allows the communication among distinct IP cores to take place.
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Saheby, Eiman B., Huang Gouping, and Anthony Hays. "Design of top mounted supersonic inlets for a cylindrical fuselage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 2956–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018790173.
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Designing an inlet based on the fuselage geometry and its constraints is an important part of flight vehicle design. Among the different possible configurations, design integration of a supersonic inlet with a cylindrical fuselage is a major challenge. On one hand, propulsive efficiency requirements force the designers to consider the simplest compression surfaces for the inlet entrance geometries and on the other hand, the considerable drag of inlet/diverter integrations needs to be minimized, which can affect the inlet. In this paper, two new concepts as a replacement for a top mounted pitot inlet are presented: a three-dimensional wave-derived inlet and a trigonometric bump inlet. They are designed based on computational fluid dynamics simulations and their performance has been measured and compared with the initial single normal shock inlet as a baseline.
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Lang, Gernot, Katja Obri, Babak Saravi, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Anton Früh, Michael Seidenstücker, Bodo Kurz, Hagen Schmal, and Bernd Rolauffs. "Architecture-Promoted Biomechanical Performance-Tuning of Tissue-Engineered Constructs for Biological Intervertebral Disc Replacement." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102692.
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Background: Biological approaches to intervertebral disc (IVD) restoration and/or regeneration have become of increasing interest. However, the IVD comprises a viscoelastic system whose biological replacement remains challenging. The present study sought to design load-sharing two-component model systems of circular, nested, concentric elements reflecting the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. Specifically, we wanted to investigate the effect of architectural design variations on (1) model system failure loads when testing the individual materials either separately or homogeneously mixed, and (2) also evaluate the potential of modulating other mechanical properties of the model systems. Methods: Two sets of softer and harder biomaterials, 0.5% and 5% agarose vs. 0.5% agarose and gelatin, were used for fabrication. Architectural design variations were realized by varying ring geometries and amounts while keeping the material composition across designs comparable. Results: Variations in the architectural design, such as lamellar width, number, and order, combined with choosing specific biomaterial properties, strongly influenced the biomechanical performance of IVD constructs. Biomechanical characterization revealed that the single most important parameter, in which the model systems vastly exceeded those of the individual materials, was failure load. The model system failure loads were 32.21- and 84.11-fold higher than those of the agarose materials and 55.03- and 2.14-fold higher than those of the agarose and gelatin materials used for system fabrication. The compressive strength, dynamic stiffness, and viscoelasticity of the model systems were always in the range of the individual materials. Conclusions: Relevant architecture-promoted biomechanical performance-tuning of tissue-engineered constructs for biological IVD replacement can be realized by slight modifications in the design of constructs while preserving the materials’ compositions. Minimal variations in the architectural design can be used to precisely control structure–function relations for IVD constructs rather than choosing different materials. These fundamental findings have important implications for efficient tissue-engineering of IVDs and other load-bearing tissues, as potential implants need to withstand high in situ loads.
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Chen, Wei, Xiaojun Li, and Liming Dai. "Surface Adsorption and Replacement of Acid-Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Chains." Research Letters in Physical Chemistry 2007 (October 8, 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/17378.
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Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to investigate the adsorption of acid-oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (Ox-SWNTs) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVP. It was found for the first time that Ox-SWNTs adsorbed onto the QCM electrode can be effectively replaced by PVP chains in an aqueous solution. This replacement process was also investigated by atomic force miscroscopic (AFM) imaging, which shows good agreement with the QCM measurements. This study provides powerful tools for fundamental investigation of polymer-nanotube interactions and for controlled design/fabrication of functional polymer-nanotube surfaces for potential applications.
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Solov’ev, A. S. "RESEARCH OF TIME STANDARD DEFINITION METHODS OF AIRCRAFT FASTENERS REPLACEMENT." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 22, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-1-18-28.
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The study of the methods revealed their advantages and disadvantages for further synthesis and optimization. The main task was to improve the most suitable method, which will have the maximum number of affecting factors. The experimental method is highly accurate, but it requires high costs to work on analogues for each specific type of fasteners. The calculated method based on a single experiment allows to determine time standards for various fasteners. The given method does not require high costs for experiments, but like the experimental method, does not take into account performance degradation with continuous operation time. This leads to serious errors in obtaining time standards for a large number of fasteners. The article shows the optimized model of calculated method, based on a linear approximation of dependence of the number of fasteners replacements (removals/installations) on time at multiple intervals. The optimized model allows to obtain time standards of typical fasteners replacement with different geometric characteristic taking into account performance degradation over time. Several experiments on the aircraft were conducted for testing the improved calculated method. On the basis of the experimental data the researchers built graphs of the number of fasteners replacements (removal/installation) on time with different geometric characteristics taking into account performance degradation over time. The data obtained is advisable to use for calculation maintainability factors on aircraft design stages. Program realization of these methods and systematization of the received time standards allow to improve maintainability, due optimization number and position of airframe fasteners and systems units and aviation equipment for the aircraft being designed and modernized. Application of the automated systems of design and analysis will contribute to labor input decrease at the aircraft maintainability analysis.
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Baranov, A. A., O. V. Krestyaninov, D. A. Khelimskii, A. G. Badoyan, R. U. Ibragimov, A. P. Gorgulko, S. N. Manukyan, and Sh Sh Zajnobidinov. "Permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter self-expanding aortic valve replacement: data from a single-center registry." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2022-3-50-63.
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Background. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a safe and effective procedure in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high surgical risk. One of the most commonly diagnosed complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is postoperative complete heart block, requiring in most cases the permanent pacemaker implantation.Aim. The study aims to identify independent prognostic factors of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.Methods. This retrospective study included 336 patients who underwent transcatheter self-expanding aortic valve replacement between 2015 and 2021. 28 patients (8.3%) after procedure required the permanent pacemaker implantation. Patients with a previously implanted permanent pacemaker, surgical aortic valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve replacement in history and patients after conversion of endovascular intervention to surgical replacement were excluded from the study.Results. The mean age of patients was 75.4 ± 7.4 years. Diabetes mellitus (50.0 versus 28.6%, p = 0.03), baseline right bundle-branch block (32.1 versus 3.9%, p < 0.05), and smaller length of the interventricular membranous septum (5.5 ± 2.2 and 6.9 ± 1.8 mm, p < 0.05) were more common in the permanent pacemaker implantation patient group. The groups were comparable in terms of other clinical, demographic and instrumental characteristics. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in major procedural complications. Independent prognostic factors of permanent pacemaker implantation were baseline complete right bundle-branch block (OR 21.01, 95% CI 5.86–75.42, p < 0,001), mean transcatheter aortic valve implantation depth below the aortic annulus (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16–1.74, p = 0.001) and the length of the interventricular membranous septum (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.50–0.95, p = 0.02).Conclusion. The frequency permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure depends on some initial clinical factors, procedural aspects, and postoperative conduction disorders. In this registry, independent prognostic factors of a permanent pacemaker implantation were the baseline complete right bundle-branch block, mean transcatheter aortic valve implantationdepth and the length of the interventricular membranous septum. Received 19 March 2022. Revised 18 April 2022. Accepted 19 April 2022. Funding: The study did not have sponsorship. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest. Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: A.A. Baranov, O.V. Krestyaninov, D.A. Khelimskii, A.G. Badoian, R.U. Ibragimov, A.P. Gorgulko, S.N. Manukian, Sh.Sh. ZaynobidinovData collection and analysis: A.A. Baranov, O.V. Krestyaninov, D.A. Khelimskii, A.G. BadoianStatistical analysis: A.A. Baranov, A.G. Badoian, D.A. KhelimskiiDrafting the article: A.A. Baranov, O.V. Krestyaninov, D.A. Khelimskii, A.G. Badoian, R.U. Ibragimov, A.P. Gorgulko, S.N. Manukian, Sh.Sh. ZaynobidinovCritical revision of the article: A.A. Baranov, O.V. Krestyaninov, D.A. Khelimskii, A.G. Badoian, R.U. Ibragimov, A.P. Gorgulko, S.N. Manukian, Sh.Sh. ZaynobidinovFinal approval of the version to be published: A.A. Baranov, O.V. Krestyaninov, D.A. Khelimskii, A.G. Badoian, R.U. Ibragimov, A.P. Gorgulko, S.N. Manukian, Sh.Sh. Zaynobidinov
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Jang, Haneol, Jeonghyun Kim, and Alena Sicakova. "Effect of Aggregate Size on Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Equivalent Mortar Volume Mix Design." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 11274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311274.
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In this paper, the effect of the original aggregate size of the recycled aggregate on the mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate concrete was evaluated. A series of concretes were produced in which natural aggregates, recycled aggregates, and original aggregates in recycled aggregates were matched for a single particle size distribution curve. The replacement levels of recycled aggregate were 25% and 50%, and equivalent mortar volume mix design was applied for recycled aggregate concrete. The results show that the mechanical strength of recycled aggregate concrete increases with increasing original aggregate size. This effect was observed to be greater in concrete using recycled aggregate with a high residual mortar content.
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Vasconez, Rosa, Aliaksei Kustau, and Husam Najm. "An overview of integral abutments: Current practices, field monitoring and deck replacement measures." Bridge Structures 18, no. 1-2 (September 28, 2022): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-220196.
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The use of integral abutments in bridges goes back many years to the late 1930’s in the United States. Over the years, integral bridges became more popular as more and more states built those bridges and more engineers became familiar with their design and construction. These bridges are being built in Europe since the 1980’s. An integral abutment bridge acts as a frame structure with a continuity connection between the superstructure and the substructure. The substructure is typically an integral cap supported on single row of piles that provides flexibility to accommodate thermal loads and displacements. The main advantage of integral abutment bridges is that they are built without expansion joints which eliminates maintenance costs and reduces construction costs. Because of the interaction between the soil and the integral abutment under the applied loads and the cyclic nature of thermal loads, the analysis and design of integral abutment bridges can be, in some cases, challenging especially when the designs falls outside the geometrical limits set by existing standards. This overview focus on field performance data reported in the literature and interpretation of this data. IT also highlights the needs for more test data during construction and for long term performance under cyclic thermal movements. Deck replacement requirements in integral abutments were investigated using analytical models and recommendations for deck replacement preparations are provided.
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Kim, Seok-Min, Ho-Sung Kang, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Single-Phase Bidirectional On-Board Charger Using Starter Generator System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Electronics 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110287.
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This paper presents the design and control methods of a single-phase bidirectional on-board charger (OBC) using a hybrid starter generator (HSG) and an inverter in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In an HEV, there are a number of components, including the combustion engine, transmission, traction motor, motor controller, OBC, and HSG system. The proposed design reconfigures the HSG system to provide battery-charging capability instead of a conventional OBC based on the use of additional power relays. As a result, the number of power converters is effectively reduced through the replacement of the conventional OBC, and, thus, the power density is increased. This paper also proposes a control method for enabling not only battery charging but also a reactive power support depending on the grid command. Compared with a conventional reactive power compensation method, the proposed method has an advantage because it is located near the principal reactive power source. The simulation and experimental results verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed bidirectional OBC design and its control methods.
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Pandit, Paresh B., Michael S. Dunn, Edmond N. Kelly, and Max Perlman. "Surfactant Replacement in Neonates With Early Chronic Lung Disease." Pediatrics 95, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.6.851.
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Objective. To study the effect of a single dose of exogenous bovine surfactant on oxygen and ventilatory requirements of neonates with early chronic lung disease. Study design. Prospective pilot study. Setting. Three regional neonatal intensive care units. Methods. Infants 7 to 30 days old with birth weights less than 1500 g were eligible if they required a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) of more than 0.4, had stable ventilatory requirements for 24 hours before study entry, and showed diffuse haziness on chest radiographs. Those with patent ductus arteriosus or active infection or those receiving steroid therapy were excluded. After treatment with the surfactant, differences in FIO2 and the ventilator efficiency index were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results. Ten patients were recruited. Median values (range): birth weight, 693 g (530 to 1100 g); gestation, 25 weeks (24 to 27 weeks); and postnatal age at study entry, 13 days (9 to 30 days). The FIO2 decreased significantly between 0 and 1 hour after surfactant administration, from a median (range) of 0.67 (0.47 to 0.88) to 0.39 (0.28 to 0.63). This effect was sustained for 24 hours (median FIO2, 0.36). Although the FIO2 subsequently increased to 0.49 (range, 0.35 to 0.88) at 72 hours, it was significantly lower than that entry before the study. There was a trend toward an increase in the ventilator efficiency index at 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions. A single dose of surfactant is effective in reducing oxygen requirements in neonates with early chronic lung disease. Surfactant replacement may be useful adjunctive therapy in these neonates.
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Harikesavan, Karvannan, Raj D. Chakravarty, Arun G. Maiya, Sanjay P. Hegde, and Shivakumar Y. Shivanna. "Hip Abductor Strengthening Improves Physical Function Following Total Knee Replacement: One-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Pilot Study." Open Rheumatology Journal 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874312901711010030.
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Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is the commonest surgical procedure for patients with severe pain and impaired physical function following end stage knee osteoarthritis. The hip abductors are well renowned in stabilization of the trunk and hip during walking, maintaining the lower limb position, and transferring the forces from the lower limbs to the pelvis. Objective: To assess the efficacy of hip abductor strengthening exercise on functional outcome using performance based outcome measures following total knee replacement. Methods: An observer blinded randomized pilot trial design was conducted at Manipal hospital, Bangalore, India. Participants designated for elective TKR were randomized to experimental group hip abductor strengthening along with standard rehabilitation (n=10) or control group standard rehabilitation alone (n=10). Participants followed for one year to assess physical function using performance based outcomes, such as timed up and go test, single leg stance test, six minute walk test, knee extensor strength and hip abductor strength. Result: Eighteen participants with a mean age of 63.1 ± 5.5 years (8 Males and 10 Females) completed the study. Improvement in hip abduction strength, single leg stand test was superior in hip abductor strengthening group at 3 months and 1 year when compared to standard rehabilitation alone. Conclusion: Hip abductor strengthening showed superior improvements in single leg stance test and six minute walk test. Hip abductor strengthening exercises has the potential to improve physical function following total knee replacement.
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Zhou, Hong-Lu, Li-Na Chen, Song-Mei Wang, Ming Tan, Chao Qiu, Tian-Yi Qiu, and Xuan-Yi Wang. "Prevalence and Evolution of Noroviruses between 1966 and 2019, Implications for Vaccine Design." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081012.
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Noroviruses (NoVs), a group of single-stranded RNA viruses causing epidemic acute gastroenteritis in humans, are highly diverse, consisting of multiple genogroups with >30 genotypes. Their continual evolutions make NoV vaccine design and development difficult. Here, we report a study of NoV sequences obtained from a population-based diarrhea surveillance in Zhengding County of Hebei Province spanning from 2001 to 2019 and those available in the GenBank database from 1966 to 2019. NoV genotypes and/or variants that may evade immunity were screened and identified based on primary and conformational structures for vaccine design. We selected 366, 301, 139, 74 and 495 complete VP1-coding nucleotide sequences representing the predominant genotypes of GII.4, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6 and GII.17, respectively. A total of 16 distinct GII.4 variants were identified, showing a typical linear evolutionary pattern of variant replacement, while only 1–4 variants of the other genotypes were found to co-circulate over the 40–50-year period without typical variant replacement. The vaccine strain GII.4c is close to variant Sydney_2012 (0.053) in their primary structure, but they are distinct at epitopes A and E in conformations. Our data suggested GII.4 variant Sydney_2012, GII.2 variant A, a GII.3 strain, GII.6 variants B and C and GII.17 variant D are primary candidate strains for NoV vaccine development.
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Li, Yunwang, Sumei Dai, Lala Zhao, Xucong Yan, and Yong Shi. "Topological Design Methods for Mecanum Wheel Configurations of an Omnidirectional Mobile Robot." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101268.
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A simple and efficient bottom-roller axle intersections approach for judging the omnidirectional mobility of the Mecanum wheel configuration is proposed and proved theoretically. Based on this approach, a sub-configuration judgment method is derived. Using these methods, on the basis of analyzing the possible configurations of three and four Mecanum wheels and existing Mecanum wheel configurations of robots in practical applications, the law determining wheel configuration is elucidated. Then, the topological design methods of the Mecanum wheel configurations are summarized and refined, including the basic configuration array method, multiple wheels replacement method, and combination method. The first two methods can be used to create suitable multiple-Mecanum-wheel configurations for a single mobile robot based on the basic Mecanum wheel configuration. Multiple single robots can be arranged by combination methods including end-to-end connection, side-by-side connection, symmetrical rectangular connection, and distributed combination, and then, the abundant combination configurations of robots can be obtained. Examples of Mecanum wheel configurations design based on a symmetrical four-Mecanum-wheel configuration and three centripetal configurations using these topological design methods are presented. This work can provide methods and a reference for Mecanum wheel configurations design.
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Minten, Lennert, Keir McCutcheon, Sander Jentjens, Maarten Vanhaverbeke, Vincent F. M. Segers, Johan Bennett, and Christophe Dubois. "The coronary and microcirculatory measurements in patients with aortic valve stenosis study: rationale and design." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 321, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): H1106—H1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00541.2021.
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Although concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequent in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), hemodynamic assessment of CAD severity in patients undergoing valve replacement for severe AS is challenging. Myocardial hypertrophic remodeling interferes with coronary blood flow and may influence the values of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs). The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the AS and its treatment on current indices used for evaluation of CAD. We will compare intracoronary hemodynamics before, immediately after, and 6 mo after aortic valve replacement (AVR) when it is expected that microvascular function has improved. Furthermore, we will compare FFR and resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) with myocardial perfusion single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) as indicators of myocardial ischemia in patients with AS and CAD. One-hundred consecutive patients with AS and intermediate CAD will be prospectively included. Patients will undergo pre-AVR SPECT and intracoronary hemodynamic assessment at baseline, immediately after valve replacement [if transcatheter AVR (TAVR) is chosen], and 6 mo after AVR. The primary end point is the change in FFR 6 mo after AVR. Secondary end points include the acute change of FFR after TAVR, the diagnostic accuracy of FFR versus RFR compared with SPECT for the assessment of ischemia, changes in microvascular function as assessed by the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and the effect of these changes on FFR. The present study will evaluate intracoronary hemodynamic parameters before, immediately after, and 6 mo after AVR in patients with AS and intermediate coronary stenosis. The understanding of the impact of AVR on the assessment of FFR, NHPR, and microvascular function may help guide the need for revascularization in patients with AS and CAD planned for AVR.
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Ravi, T., and V. Kannan. "Design and Analysis of Low Power CNTFET TSPC D - Flip Flop Based Shift Registers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1651.
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This paper enumerates the efficient design and analysis of low power CNTFET True single phase clock logic D Flip flop based shift registers. The TSPC D flip flop and shift registers are designed using Stanford University CNTFET model and proposed 10nm CNTFET model with sleepy keeper low power technique. The CNTFET is emerging as a viable replacement to the MOSFET. The transient and power analyses are obtained with operating voltage of 1V and the operating frequency at 1GHz. The simulation results are obtained and the analysis are compared with circuits designed using 32nm MOSFET. The comparison results are indicated that the proposed 10nm CNTFET based design and the low power technique are more efficient in power saving as compared to MOSFET design.
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Ernzen, Jim, Ginger Murdough, and Debra Drecksel. "Partnering on a Design-Build Project: Making the Three-Way Love Affair Work." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1712, no. 1 (January 2000): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1712-24.
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The partnering process used by the Arizona Department of Transportation in the execution of an $89 million design-build reconstruction of an urban freeway through a congested section of Phoenix is described. The project is changing 6 lanes into 10 lanes by adding a high-occupancy vehicle lane, along with auxiliary lanes, between the entrance and exit ramps over a 13-km (8-mi) stretch of freeway. It involves the demolition and replacement of two bridges that carry major arterial roads over the freeway by using single-point urban interchanges along with several kilometers (miles) of sound walls, new freeway lighting, and an automated freeway management system. Design-build by its nature lends itself to the partnering concept. The partnering concept ideas of increased communication, alignment of goals, and development of a dispute resolution system fit perfectly with design-build’s overarching theme of single-point responsibility for the owner. Increased pressure because of schedule compression typical of most design-build projects makes partnering a vital necessity. Several innovative partnering ideas used on the design-build project to overcome the problems inherent in a complex, high-profile, fast-paced construction project are described.
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Dmitrievskii, Vladimir, Vladimir Prakht, Vadim Kazakbaev, and Dmitry Golovanov. "Optimum Design of High-Speed Single-Phase Flux Reversal Motor with Reduced Torque Ripple." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 6024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176024.
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Single-phase motors are used in low-power, cost-effective, variable-speed applications. As a replacement to traditional single-phase synchronous motors with magnets on the rotor, single-phase flux reversal motors (FRMs) with a rugged and reliable toothed rotor are considered for the high-speed applications. However, torque pulsations of single-phase motors are high. The aim of this work is to minimize the torque ripple and increase its minimum instantaneous value, as well as to reduce FRM losses. To solve this problem, an asymmetric rotor is used, and an objective function is proposed, which includes parameters characterizing the pulsations of the torque and the loss of FRM for two load conditions. To optimize the single-phase FRM and minimize the objective function, the Nelder–Mead method was applied. The optimization criterion was selected to maximize the efficiency, to reduce the torque ripple, and to the avoid the negative torque in a wide range of powers at the fan load (quadric dependence of torque on speed). Two operating loading modes are considered. After two stages of optimization, the peak-to-peak torque ripple in the FRM in the rated loading mode decreased by 1.7 times, and in the mode with reduced load by 2.7 times. In addition, in the FRM before optimization, the torque has sections with negative values, and in the FRM after optimization, the torque is positive over the entire period. Although losses in the rated mode increased by 4%, when underloaded, they decreased by 11%, which creates an additional advantage for applications that work most of the time with underload.
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Zimina, T. M., A. V. Pudova, I. V. Mandrik, and A. O. Gataullin. "Bioelectric Energy Sources Based on Cyanobacteria." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 24, no. 4 (August 24, 2022): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.24.208-216.
Full textAbstract:
Bioelectric energy sources based on photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria, capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy. The use of the photosynthesis process as a renewable energy source for generating electrical energy is seen as a replacement for fossil fuels. The study evaluate biofuel cell based on Synechococus fabricated with different types of carbon electrodes. A design of a single-chamber cell with a proto-exchange membrane has been developed. The demonstrated battery achieves power density 10.3 mW/m2
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Graceffa, Angelo, Pier Indelli, Leonardo Latella, Paolo Poli, Alexander Fulco, and Massimiliano Marcucci. "Clinical outcome of design modifications to the CLS Spotorno Stem in total hip replacement." Joints 04, no. 03 (July 2016): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2016.4.3.134.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: historically, the original CLS Spotorno Stem has demonstrated excellent survival. The design of this stem was recently modified, resulting in the introduction of a shorter, modular version (CLS Brevius). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the functional, radiological and survivorship outcomes of the cementless CLS Brevius Stem in a multi-surgeon, single center, consecutive series study at two years post-surgery. Methods: the Authors performed 170 total hip arthroplasties in 155 patients using the shorter, tripletaper stem design (CLS Brevius). The patients’ diagnoses were primary hip osteoarthritis (OA) in 74.4%, secondary hip OA in 22.6%, and post-traumatic hip OA in 3%. All operations were performed through a mini-posterior approach, with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. The mean follow-up was 32 months (24-44 months). Outcome was assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: the mean HHS improved from 32 preoperatively to 92 points at final follow-up, while the stem survival rate was 99.4%.Overall, the results were excellent in148 hips (87%), good in 14 hips (8.2%), fair in six hips (3.6%), and poor in two hips (1.2%). Intraoperative complications included a calcar fissure in three hips (1.7%). Correct femoral offset was reproduced in 97% while the planned center of hip rotation was achieved in 98%. Only one hip underwent early stem revision; this was due to major subsidence. Conclusions: the modified CLS stem design showed excellent short-term results with a low rate of early postoperative complications. One of the main findings of this study was the high correlation between the planned femoral offset and center of hip rotation and the final radiographic measurements. This high reproducibility, which indicates the ability of the system to restore normal hip anatomy, is indeed due to the extensive modularity that characterizes this stem system. Long-term follow-up studies are necessary to fully compare the outcomes of the new design with its highly successful predecessor. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic cases series.
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Karp, Jason R., Jeanne D. Johnston, Sandra Tecklenburg, Timothy D. Mickleborough, Alyce D. Fly, and Joel M. Stager. "Chocolate Milk as a Post-Exercise Recovery Aid." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 16, no. 1 (February 2006): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.16.1.78.
Full textAbstract:
Nine male, endurance-trained cyclists performed an interval workout followed by 4 h of recovery, and a subsequent endurance trial to exhaustion at 70% VO2max, on three separate days. Immediately following the first exercise bout and 2 h of recovery, subjects drank isovolumic amounts of chocolate milk, fluid replacement drink (FR), or carbohydrate replacement drink (CR), in a single-blind, randomized design. Carbohydrate content was equivalent for chocolate milk and CR. Time to exhaustion (TTE), average heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and total work (WT) for the endurance exercise were compared between trials. TTE and WT were significantly greater for chocolate milk and FR trials compared to CR trial. The results of this study suggest that chocolate milk is an effective recovery aid between two exhausting exercise bouts.
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Bhandari, Sudhir. "Designing Both Mandibular Central Incisors on One 3.0-mm Single-Piece Implant: Five Years' Outcome." Journal of Oral Implantology 44, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00038.
Full textAbstract:
Deficient bone volume, anatomical limitations, lack of available mesiodistal space, adjacent teeth angulations, and surgical errors may lead to placement of narrow diameter implants. In such a scenario, functional and esthetic—yet sustainable—replacement of more than one missing tooth becomes quite challenging. This article describes the successful restoration of missing both mandibular central incisors on one 3-mm single-piece implant in 3 patients. Despite being a biomechanically complex presentation, the objectives of optimal outcome were achieved in all 3 patients by means of innovative design, fine control of occlusal factors, and correct choice of restorative material. Until the last follow-up at 5 years, no implant or prostheses loss was experienced.