Journal articles: 'Single organ'

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Yamaguchi, Tetsuo. "Single organ sarcoidosis." Japanese Journal of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders 41, no. 1_2 (October 1, 2021): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7878/jjsogd.41.1_2_49.

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Wichmann, Susan, and D. R. Martin. "Single-Organ Patients." Physician and Sportsmedicine 20, no. 2 (February 1992): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1992.11947420.

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&NA;. "Single Organ Vasculitis." JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 18, no. 4 (June 2012): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0b013e31825d652b.

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Kim, Alexander, and Korey Kasper. "Single-Organ Athletes." Current Sports Medicine Reports 19, no. 4 (April 2020): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000699.

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Hernández-Rodríguez, José, Eamonn S. Molloy, and Gary S. Hoffman. "Single-organ vasculitis." Current Opinion in Rheumatology 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e3282f176a0.

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Hernández-Rodríguez, José, Carmela D. Tan, E. René Rodríguez, and Gary S. Hoffman. "Single-Organ Gallbladder Vasculitis." Medicine 93, no. 24 (November 2014): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000000205.

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Hernández-Rodríguez, José, and Gary S. Hoffman. "Updating single-organ vasculitis." Current Opinion in Rheumatology 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e32834d8482.

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Han, Ming, Zhi-Yong Guo, Qiang Zhao, Xiao-Ping Wang, Xiao-Peng Yuan, Xing-Yuan Jiao, Chun-Hua Yang, et al. "Liver transplantation using organs from deceased organ donors: a single organ transplant center experience." Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 13, no. 4 (August 2014): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60274-5.

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Lungu, Iulia Ioana, and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu. "Microfluidics – Organ-on-chip." Biomedical Engineering International 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/biomed11.002008.

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This review is an introduction into the world of organ-on-chip models. By briefly explaining the concept of microfluidics and ‘lab-on-chip’, the main focus is on organs-on-chip and body-on-a-chip. The usual method to test the toxicity of a drug is through animal testing. However, the results do not always correlate to humans. In order to avoid animal testing, but also attain useful results, human-derived cell cultures using microfluidics have gained attention. Among all the different types of organ-on-chip devices, this review focuses on three distinct organs: heart, skin and liver. The main requirements for each organ-on-chip, as well as recent researches are presented. There have been considerable advancements with organ-on-chip models; however, even these have their limitations. Due to the fact that the system mimics a single organ, the systemic effect of drugs cannot be fully tested. Therefore, body-on-a-chip systems have been developed; which basically are a composed of a single chip that has several chambers, each chamber accounting for a distinct organ. Multi-organ-on-chip systems have been investigated, and even commercialized, the field still being under extensive research.

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Pek, Jen Heng, Vui Kian Ho, Wei Sheng Ng, Tousif Kabir, Ling Tiah, and Yexin Koh. "Missed opportunities for organ donation in patients with intracranial haemorrhage at the emergency department: A single-centre study." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 28, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105819868487.

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Background: The demand for transplantable organs has increased in Singapore. However, organ donation has been consistently lower than international standards. Donation after brain death (DBD) most commonly follows intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). Objective: Our aim was to identify missed opportunities for organ donation among those who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) and died following ICH. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for all cases of ICH presenting to the ED from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. The patients’ medical records were reviewed for identification of potential donors and actualisation of organ donation. Results: There were 615 cases of ICH, with a mortality rate of 6.0%. Among those who died, 28 (75.7%) died in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and nine (24.3%) patients had withdrawal of care in the ED. Thirty patients (81.1%) were potential donors but organ donation was actualised in only three (8.1%) patients. Thirteen organs, as well as heart valves and iliac vessels were retrieved from the organ donors for transplantation. Conclusion: There were missed opportunities for organ donation. EDs have an important role to play in the national organ donation programme by identifying potential donors for organ donation and considering admitting these patients to ICU to facilitate organ donation.

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Jami, L., J. Petit, U. Proske, and D. Zytnicki. "Responses of tendon organs to unfused contractions of single motor units." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.1.32.

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The discharges of individual tendon organs of peroneus longus and tertius muscles were examined in anesthetized cats during stimulation of single motor units at frequencies that elicit unfused contraction (5-50/s). At these frequencies nearly all the fast-contracting motor units activating a tendon organ elicited responses whose discharge rates reproduced the stimulation frequency ("1:1 driving"), whereas slow-contracting motor units elicited responses in which the discharge rate was higher than the stimulation frequency. When a motor unit stimulated at 40/s developed a gradually potentiating tension, the tendon organ discharge could remain locked on stimulation frequency over an appreciable range of the increasing tension as if the receptor responded to the tension oscillations rather than to the mean level of tension. The only visible effect of the gradual increase in mean tension on the tendon organ response was a gradual decrease of the delay between each stimulus and the corresponding impulse. Driving of tendon organ discharge at the stimulation frequency occurred not only when relatively large oscillations were superimposed on a low level of static tension but also when the static component of the tension was quantitatively preponderant. These observations suggest that during unfused contractions the dynamic component of the stimulus (i.e., oscillation of tension) exerts a prevailing influence on the discharge pattern of tendon organs. Computed simulations of tendon organ responses confirmed that a relatively strong dynamic sensitivity could account for the observed behavior of the receptor.

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Loskill, Peter, Thiagarajan Sezhian, Kevin M. Tharp, Felipe T. Lee-Montiel, Shaheen Jeeawoody, Willie Mae Reese, Peter-James H. Zushin, Andreas Stahl, and Kevin E. Healy. "WAT-on-a-chip: a physiologically relevant microfluidic system incorporating white adipose tissue." Lab on a Chip 17, no. 9 (2017): 1645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc01590e.

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Nguyen, James, Neil Vyas, Erfanul Saker, Nachi Gupta, and Joseph Lieber. "Tu1513 - Alcohol: A Single Organ Toxin." Gastroenterology 154, no. 6 (May 2018): S—949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33198-6.

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Al-Tamimi, Duaa J., Mays E. Alani, Afaq M. Ammoo, and Jaafar J. Ibraheem. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cyclosporine Using Single Sampling Strategy." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v20i2.702.

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Cyclosporine is mainly used as Immunosuppressant after different kinds of transplantation including bone marrow, lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, and other types of organ transplantations. Immunosuppressants diminish organ rejection and elongate the survival of the transplanted organs. Due to the narrow therapeutic ranges and significantly high interindividual and intraindividual variability in blood levels of cyclosporine, there is essential and vital need of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of this drug in order to maintain the patient within the required therapeutic concentrations, which consequently lead to optimizing the clinical outcome and decrease the hazard of toxicity or rejection following organ transplantations. The current review article was aimed to present data for using a single or possibly two blood sampling strategy to be used for TDM of cyclosporine in order to assess the optimal blood levels of cyclosporine used in organ transplant recipients. The results showed that steady state blood concentration of cyclosporine obtained after 2 hours (C2) and possibly after 3 hours (C3) of drug administration are the best sampling time points which reflect total drug exposure (area under blood concentration versus time curve=AUC) and consequently reflecting the effect and the adverse effect(s) of cyclosporine. On the other hand, blood samples obtained at other time points particularly steady state trough concentration obtained before the next dose (C0) demonstrated poor correlation with total drug exposure and consequently the clinical outcome of the drug. Moreover, this study also demonstrated that for organs transplantations TDM of cyclosporine and assessing the clinical conditions of the patients should be routinely performed in order to adjust the dose to get optimal effect and to diminish the adverse effects of the drug. This review article focused on the findings which indicated that monitoring steady-state blood levels of cyclosporine after 2 hours (C2) and likely after 3 hours (C3) of drug intake may be used as ideal surrogate index in TDM of cyclosporine and for predicting the clinical outcome of the drug in all and different types of organs transplantations.

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Cong, Ye, Xiahe Han, Youping Wang, Zongzheng Chen, Yao Lu, Tingjiao Liu, Zhengzhi Wu, Yu Jin, Yong Luo, and Xiuli Zhang. "Drug Toxicity Evaluation Based on Organ-on-a-chip Technology: A Review." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040381.

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Organ-on-a-chip academic research is in its blossom. Drug toxicity evaluation is a promising area in which organ-on-a-chip technology can apply. A unique advantage of organ-on-a-chip is the ability to integrate drug metabolism and drug toxic processes in a single device, which facilitates evaluation of toxicity of drug metabolites. Human organ-on-a-chip has been fabricated and used to assess drug toxicity with data correlation with the clinical trial. In this review, we introduced the microfluidic chip models of liver, kidney, heart, nerve, and other organs and multiple organs, highlighting the application of these models in drug toxicity detection. Some biomarkers of toxic injury that have been used in organ chip platforms or have potential for use on organ chip platforms are summarized. Finally, we discussed the goals and future directions for drug toxicity evaluation based on organ-on-a-chip technology.

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Perl, Craig D., and Jeremy E. Niven. "Differential scaling within an insect compound eye." Biology Letters 12, no. 3 (March 2016): 20160042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0042.

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Environmental and genetic influences cause individuals of a species to differ in size. As they do so, organ size and shape are scaled to available resources whilst maintaining function. The scaling of entire organs has been investigated extensively but scaling within organs remains poorly understood. By making use of the structure of the insect compound eye, we show that different regions of an organ can respond differentially to changes in body size. Wood ant ( Formica rufa ) compound eyes contain facets of different diameters in different regions. When the animal body size changes, lens diameters from different regions can increase or decrease in size either at the same rate (a ‘grade’ shift) or at different rates (a ‘slope’ shift). These options are not mutually exclusive, and we demonstrate that both types of scaling apply to different regions of the same eye. This demonstrates that different regions within a single organ can use different rules to govern their scaling, responding differently to their developmental environment. Thus, the control of scaling is more nuanced than previously appreciated, diverse responses occurring even among homologous cells within a single organ. Such fine control provides a rich substrate for the diversification of organ morphology.

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Vatandoust, Sina. "Colorectal cancer: Metastases to a single organ." World Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 41 (2015): 11767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11767.

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Baranov, S. A., and V. M. Nechaev. "PANCREAS AS A SINGLE FUNCTIONALLY INTERRELATED ORGAN." Medical Council, no. 11 (January 1, 2017): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2017-11-148-151.

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Malone, Andrew F., and Benjamin D. Humphreys. "Single-cell Transcriptomics and Solid Organ Transplantation." Transplantation 103, no. 9 (September 2019): 1776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000002725.

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Carr, Norman J. "Incidental single-organ vasculitis of the appendix." Pathology 50, no. 3 (April 2018): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.018.

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Sies, Helmut. "Intact organ spectrophotometry and single-photon counting." Archives of Toxicology 60, no. 1-3 (May 1987): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00296967.

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Daniels, Jeremy, Vikram Deshpande, Stefano Serra, and Runjan Chetty. "Incidental single-organ vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract: an unusual form of single-organ vasculitis with coexistent pathology." Pathology 49, no. 6 (October 2017): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.05.013.

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Ermekova, Madina, Makash Aliyakparov, Kayrat Shakeev, and Gulfayruz Zholdybaeva. "Computerized Tomography Score for the Assessment of Multiple Organ Failure and Determining Severity of Pancreatitis: Key Principles for the Assessment of Affected Organs." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (August 30, 2020): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5267.

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BACKGROUND: Pancreatitis severity is an important death rate indicator that plays a crucial role in deciding on proper handling of patients at their initial admission, when making a decision on patient’s transfer to the intensive care unit. Many studies point out a direct relation between death rate and the number of affected organs. In view of that, looking for new criteria for assessment of multiple organ failure is still useful in clinical practice. Assessment of multiple organ failure with patients undergoing treatment in the intensive care unit is carried out with the use of various integrated indicators based both on clinical laboratory assessment of patient’s condition, and on data obtained with the help of advanced imaging methods. However, many researchers point out that the facilities of diagnostic radiology, including in particular computerized tomography (CT), are not used to the full extent. AIM: We proposed expanding functionality of abdominal CT examination by means of pancreatitis severity assessment that takes into account changes in the pancreas and in addition enables assessing multiple organ failure with examined patients. We identified the organs and systems whose changes need to be monitored through CT imaging to be able to assess multiple organ failure in the patients with pancreatitis. METHODS: Out of 314 patients, 100 patients were selected diagnosed with pancreatitis confirmed by changes demonstrated by the laboratory test results. Of those, 24 patients (24.0%) revealed presence of multiple organ failure (maximum of 5 organ systems), 46 patients revealed a single organ failure. RESULTS: Development of early organ failure accompanied 82% of cases of severe pancreatitis and considerably aggravated predicted outcome and course of severe AP. Among them, 30 patients had pancreatitis without changes of the vital organs and 70 patients had dysfunctions of the vital organs, suffered from organ or multiple organ failure, and received treatment in the surgery unit and the intensive care unit of the Department of Surgical Conditions of Karaganda Medical University. In view of CT results, we assessed a relation between multiple organ failure and specific failure of a single organ and necrosis and death rate. We analyzed a relation between organ failure and degree of the pancreas necrosis. CONCLUSION: Identified changes enabled us to create a CT score for the assessment of pancreatitis severity that can be used not only for identification but also for the prediction of organ failure at an early stage of pancreatitis with high accuracy as compared against conventional CT systems for the assessment of patients’ condition. It can also be used to differentiate extent organ dysfunction and the number of affected organs.

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Lian, Sheng, Lei Li, Zhiming Luo, Zhun Zhong, Beizhan Wang, and Shaozi Li. "Learning multi-organ segmentation via partial- and mutual-prior from single-organ datasets." Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 80 (February 2023): 104339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104339.

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Saran, Sai, and Mohan Gurjar. "Brain Crosstalk with Other Organs in ICU Patient." Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 06, no. 03 (September 2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399474.

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AbstractCrosstalk between various organs exists in the human body. This can be part of physiological reflexes such as cardiac reflexes that protect the organs during stressful stimuli or can be part of pathological conditions where an insult to an organ releases cytokines that cause distant effects on other organs. In critically ill patients, these crosstalks are independent of pre-existing common risk factors or the presence of new risk exposure during the treatment. Crosstalk can manifest in series or parallel. The human brain, being a control center of the human body, does crosstalk with almost every organ in the body. In this narrative review, crosstalk of the brain with various organs and systems such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gut, muscle, bone, skin, adipose tissue, and immune system is being discussed along with clinical manifestations and management. Future research might help to target these pathological processes in preventing progression of single-organ dysfunction to multi-organ failures in critically ill patients.

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Bass, Alexandrea, Yiran Liu, and Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy. "Single-Cell and Bulk RNASeq Profiling of COVID-19 Patients Reveal Immune and Inflammatory Mechanisms of Infection-Induced Organ Damage." Viruses 13, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122418.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus’s ability to induce hypercytokinemia and cause multiple organ failure makes it imperative to find effective treatments. To understand the mechanism of viral infection and its effects on organ tissues, we analyzed multiple single-cell and bulk RNAseq data from COVID-19 patients’ organ samples. Various levels of severity of infection were accounted for, with comparative analyses between mild, moderate, and severely infected patients. Our analysis uncovered an upregulation of the innate immune response via several inflammatory genes, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and NF-κB. Consequently, we found that the upregulation of these downstream effects can lead to organ injury. The downregulated pathways such as eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) and eIF4-mediated host translation, were found to lead to an increased viral translation. We also found that the loss of inhibitory peptides can suppress an overactive innate immune response via NF-κB and interleukin-mediated pathways. Investigation of viral-host protein mapping showed that the interaction of viral proteins with host proteins correlated with the down- and upregulation of host pathways such as decreased eIF2-mediated host translation and increased hypertrophy and fibrosis. Inflammation was increased via the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of host translation pathways that led to reduced inflammatory inhibitors. Cardiac hypertrophy and organ fibrosis were the results of increased inflammation in organs of severe and critical patients. Finally, we identified potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of COVID-19 and its deleterious effects on organs. Further experimental investigation would conclusively determine the effects of COVID-19 infection on organs other than the lungs and the effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic targets.

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Grigorev, Georgii V., Alexander V. Lebedev, Xiaohao Wang, Xiang Qian, George V. Maksimov, and Liwei Lin. "Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010117.

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The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.

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Sharma, Guru Prasad, and Heather A. Himburg. "Organ-Specific Endothelial Dysfunction Following Total Body Irradiation Exposure." Toxics 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120747.

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As the single cell lining of the heart and all blood vessels, the vascular endothelium serves a critical role in maintaining homeostasis via control of vascular tone, immune cell recruitment, and macromolecular transit. For victims of acute high-dose radiation exposure, damage to the vascular endothelium may exacerbate the pathogenesis of acute and delayed multi-organ radiation toxicities. While commonalities exist between radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction in radiosensitive organs, the vascular endothelium is known to be highly heterogeneous as it is required to serve tissue and organ specific roles. In keeping with its organ and tissue specific functionality, the molecular and cellular response of the endothelium to radiation injury varies by organ. Therefore, in the development of medical countermeasures for multi-organ injury, it is necessary to consider organ and tissue-specific endothelial responses to both injury and candidate mitigators. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction following total or near total body irradiation exposure at the level of individual radiosensitive organs.

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Hamant, O., and T. E. Saunders. "Shaping Organs: Shared Structural Principles Across Kingdoms." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 36, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-012820-103850.

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Development encapsulates the morphogenesis of an organism from a single fertilized cell to a functional adult. A critical part of development is the specification of organ forms. Beyond the molecular control of morphogenesis, shape in essence entails structural constraints and thus mechanics. Revisiting recent results in biophysics and development, and comparing animal and plant model systems, we derive key overarching principles behind the formation of organs across kingdoms. In particular, we highlight how growing organs are active rather than passive systems and how such behavior plays a role in shaping the organ. We discuss the importance of considering different scales in understanding how organs form. Such an integrative view of organ development generates new questions while calling for more cross-fertilization between scientific fields and model system communities.

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Strauß, Johannes, Nataša Stritih, and Reinhard Lakes-Harlan. "The subgenual organ complex in the cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): comparative innervation and sensory evolution." Royal Society Open Science 1, no. 2 (October 2014): 140240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140240.

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Comparative studies of the organization of nervous systems and sensory organs can reveal their evolution and specific adaptations. In the forelegs of some Ensifera (including crickets and tettigoniids), tympanal hearing organs are located in close proximity to the mechanosensitive subgenual organ (SGO). In the present study, the SGO complex in the non-hearing cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus (Rhaphidophoridae) is investigated for the neuronal innervation pattern and for organs homologous to the hearing organs in related taxa. We analyse the innervation pattern of the sensory organs (SGO and intermediate organ (IO)) and its variability between individuals. In T. neglectus , the IO consists of two major groups of closely associated sensilla with different positions. While the distal-most sensilla superficially resemble tettigoniid auditory sensilla in location and orientation, the sensory innervation does not show these two groups to be distinct organs. Though variability in the number of sensory nerve branches occurs, usually either organ is supplied by a single nerve branch. Hence, no sensory elements clearly homologous to the auditory organ are evident. In contrast to other non-hearing Ensifera, the cave cricket sensory structures are relatively simple, consistent with a plesiomorphic organization resembling sensory innervation in grasshoppers and stick insects.

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Griffith, M. E., A. da Silva Conceicao, and D. R. Smyth. "PETAL LOSS gene regulates initiation and orientation of second whorl organs in the Arabidopsis flower." Development 126, no. 24 (December 15, 1999): 5635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.24.5635.

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PETAL LOSS is a new class of flower development gene whose mutant phenotype is confined mostly to the second whorl. Two properties are disrupted, organ initiation and organ orientation. Initiation is frequently blocked, especially in later-formed flowers, or variably delayed. The few petals that arise occupy a wider zone of the flower primordium than normal. Also, a minority of petals are trumpet-shaped, thread-like or stamenoid. Studies of ptl combined with homeotic mutants have revealed that the mutant effect is specific to the second whorl, not to organs with a petal identity. We propose that the PTL gene normally promotes the induction of organ primordia in specific regions of the second floral whorl. In ptl mutants, these regions are enlarged and organ induction is variably reduced, often falling below a threshold. A dominant genetic modifier of the ptl mutant phenotype was found in the Landsberg erecta strain that significantly boosts the mean number of petals per flower, perhaps by reinforcing induction so that the threshold is now more often reached. The second major disruption in ptl mutants relates to the orientation adopted by second whorl organs from early in their development. In single mutants the full range of orientations is seen, but when B function (controlling organ identity) is also removed, most second whorl organs now face outwards rather than inwards. Orientation is unaffected in B function single mutants. Thus petals apparently perceive their orientation within the flower primordium by a mechanism requiring PTL function supported redundantly by that of B class genes.

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Jakab, Moritz, and Hellmut G. Augustin. "Understanding angiodiversity: insights from single cell biology." Development 147, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): dev146621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.146621.

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ABSTRACTBlood vessels have long been considered as passive conduits for delivering blood. However, in recent years, cells of the vessel wall (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes) have emerged as active, highly dynamic components that orchestrate crosstalk between the circulation and organs. Encompassing the whole body and being specialized to the needs of distinct organs, it is not surprising that vessel lining cells come in different flavours. There is calibre-specific specialization (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins), but also organ-specific heterogeneity in different microvascular beds (continuous, discontinuous, sinusoidal). Recent technical advances in the field of single cell biology have enabled the profiling of thousands of single cells and, hence, have allowed for the molecular dissection of such angiodiversity, yielding a hitherto unparalleled level of spatial and functional resolution. Here, we review how these approaches have contributed to our understanding of angiodiversity.

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Maung, Phyu Phyu, Backki Kim, Zhuo Jin, Su Jang, Yoon Kyung Lee, and Hee-Jong Koh. "Identification and characterization of a novel gene controlling floral organ number in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): e0280022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280022.

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Floral organ number is crucial for successful seed setting and mature grain development. Although some genes and signaling pathways controlling floral organ number have been studied, the underlying mechanism is complicated and requires further investigation. In this study, a floral organ number mutant was generated by the ethyl methanesulfonate treatment of the Korean japonica rice cultivar Ilpum. In the floral organ number mutant, 37% of the spikelets showed an increase in the number of floral organs, especially stamens and pistils. Histological analysis revealed that the number of ovaries was determined by the number of stigmas; spikelets with two or three stigmas contained only one ovary, whereas spikelets with four stigmas possessed two ovaries. The floral organ number mutant showed pleiotropic phenotypes including multiple grains, early flowering, short plant height, and reduced tiller number compared with the wild-type. Genetic and MutMap analyses revealed that floral organ number is controlled by a single recessive gene located between the 8.0 and 20.0 Mb region on chromosome 8. Calculation of SNP-index confirmed Os08g0299000 as the candidate gene regulating floral organ number, which was designated as FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER7 (FON7). A single nucleotide polymorphism (G to A) was discovered at the intron splicing donor site of FON7, which caused the skipping of the entire sixth exon in the mutant, resulting in the deletion of 144 bp. Furthermore, the T-DNA-tagged line displayed the same floral organ number phenotype as the fon7 mutant. These results provide valuable insight into the mechanism of floral organ differentiation and formation in rice.

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Gumber, MR, KR Goplani, HV Patel, PR Modi, VB Kute, PR Shah, AV Vanikar, and HL Trivedi. "Deceased donor organ transplantation: A single center experience." Indian Journal of Nephrology 21, no. 3 (2011): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-4065.82636.

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Garg, Ketan, and Leelavathi Dawson. "Single organ variant of polyarteritis nodosa in epididymis." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 11, no. 3 (2015): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.138133.

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Ciancio, G., G. W. Burke, C. Gomez, R. Garcia-Morales, M. Carreño, L. Olson, H. Gharagozloo, V. Esquenazi, and J. Miller. "Organ donation among hispanics: a single-center experience." Transplantation Proceedings 29, no. 8 (December 1997): 3745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(97)01095-6.

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Mahr, Alfred, Maxime Battistella, Jean-David Bouaziz, and Séverin Chaigne-Delalande. "L47. Single-organ vasculitis: Conceptual and practical considerations." La Presse Médicale 42, no. 4 (April 2013): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.309.

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Sharmila, R. Rathi, G. Chetan, P. Narayanan, and S. Srinivasan. "Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following single wasp sting." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 74, no. 12 (December 2007): 1111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-007-0208-6.

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Najafizadeh, K., A. Abbasi, F. Ghorbani, B. Radpei, B. S. Kashani, Z. H. Ahmadi, S. Hamidinia, M. Moghani-Lankarani, S. Assari, and A. A. Velayati. "Organ Retrieval From Brain-Dead Patients by a Single Organ Procurement Center in Iran." Transplantation Proceedings 41, no. 7 (September 2009): 2723–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.145.

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Dabbagh, Sajjad Rahmani, Berin Ozdalgic, Nur Mustafaoglu, and Savas Tasoglu. "Three-Dimensional-Bioprinted Liver Chips and Challenges." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 5029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105029.

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Drug testing, either on animals or on 2D cell cultures, has its limitations due to inaccurate mimicking of human pathophysiology. The liver, as one of the key organs that filters and detoxifies the blood, is susceptible to drug-induced injuries. Integrating 3D bioprinting with microfluidic chips to fabricate organ-on-chip platforms for 3D liver cell cultures with continuous perfusion can offer a more physiologically relevant liver-mimetic platform for screening drugs and studying liver function. The development of organ-on-chip platforms may ultimately contribute to personalized medicine as well as body-on-chip technology that can test drug responses and organ–organ interactions on a single or linked chip model.

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Abdulrazzaq, Najiba, Kashif Bin Naeem, Abdalla Alhajiri, Ayman Chkhis, Vinod Choondal, Mona Osman, and Kusay Almusa. "Multiple Organ Dysfunction Reduces In-Hospital Survival in COVID-19 Patients." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 09 (September 14, 2020): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i09/951.

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Background: Although primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 involves multiple organs when the disease is severe or critical. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and its implications on survival. Methods: A retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients presenting to our center in Dubai, UAE between April 2020 and July 2020. Data was collected from the electronic medical records and analyzed to evaluate multiple organ damage observed during hospital admission. Findings: Five-hundred patients were studied. Overall mean age was 49.5 years (range 13-94), 76% males, 33% diabetics, 31% hypertensives. 97/500 (19.4%) had evidence of single organ damage; 37/500 (7.4%) had two organ damage; and 105/500 (21%) had more than two organ damage. Acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most prevalent organ damage,153/500 (30.6%); followed by acute cardiac injury, 120/500 (24%); acute kidney injury 107/500 (21.4%); acute liver injury 96/500 (19.2%); septic shock 93/500 (18.6%); disseminated intravascular coagulation 27/500 (5.4%), and heart failure 17/500 (3.4%). We found that in-hospital survival reduced as the number of organs involved increased; only 20% patients survived who had more than 2 organ damage. Also, the chances of survival reduced considerably once other organs were involved in addition to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (91.6% survival in ARDS alone vs. 28.6% survival in ARDS with acute kidney injury vs. 10.4% survival in ARDS with shock/acute cardiac injury/acute kidney injury). Conclusion: Multiple organ dysfunction is common in COVID-19 as 21% had evidence of more than two organ damage in our study. The survival in COVID-19 reduces significantly once multiple organs are involved. Early monitoring and recognition of multiple organ dysfunction is necessary to prevent adverse outcomes and improve survival.

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Bhandari, Vinod, and Mahak Bhandari. "Comprehensive study of blunt injury abdomen in single center." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20200808.

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Background: Blunt injury abdomen is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Blunt trauma differs from penetrating trauma as different organs are characteristically injured by compression from blunt straining. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and computed tomography (CT) abdomen are very beneficial to detect those patients with minimal and clinically undetectable signs of abdominal injury. Objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of blunt injury abdomen, mode of injury, organs involved in patients.Methods: A retrospective study was done on blunt injury abdomen. 48 patients were enrolled in this study.Results: Out of 48, 35 (72.9%) male patients more commonly encountered blunt injury to the abdomen. 28 (58.3%) was the highest incidence for age group 21-40 years. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents 36 (75.0%). Grade III splenic injuries were encountered in majority 19 cases and 13 cases involved laceration of parenchyma >3 cm depth and 6 cases were subcapsular hematoma (>50%). Spleen was the most common injured organ accounting for 25 (52.0%) and second most common injury was Ileal perforation 6 (12.5%), liver injury 6 (12.5%) of the cases.Conclusions: Blunt injury abdomen mainly affected male and the younger population between the age group 21-40 years. The most common mode of injury is road traffic accidents. In this study the spleen was found to be the most common organ injured in blunt injury abdomen.

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Franklin, Glen A., Jason W. Smith, Wendy Daugherty, Tom Threkeld, and R. Neal Garrison. "Incremental Increases in Organ Retrieval after Protocol Driven Change in an Organ Procurement Organization: A 15-Year Assessment." American Surgeon 75, no. 7 (July 2009): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480907500702.

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The need for transplantable organs exceeds the available supply. Organ procurement organizations (OPOs) have undergone both voluntary and mandated changes to optimize available organs. The data from a single statewide OPO was reviewed from 1993 to 2008 and tracked with implementation of new protocols. During the study, 5548 organs were recovered with 4875 transplanted from 1441 donors (3.38 organs transplanted/donor (OTPD)). The conversion rate (CR) for consent rose from 42 to 72 per cent whereas the average age of donors increased from 33 to 45 years. After implementation of a family support liaison program, a higher performing hospital in the OPO realized an increase in CR from 57 to 97 per cent over 8 years. Implementation of an intensivist program improved OTPD. The number of standard criteria donors and extended criteria donors (ECD) increased. The increase in standard criteria donors yielded a large number of thoracic organs. ECD increased as did the organ discard rate from 8 to 16 per cent. Increases in organ retrieval were noted after incremental changes in OPO protocol. Family support and intensivist programs enhanced CR and OTPD. Increases in the number of ECD were noted with increasing age after the introduction of the intensivist program and an increase in transplant center use of these organs.

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Khan, Haroon Sabir, Faaran Kiani, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Sarwar Alvi, Muhammad Rafiq Zafar, and Arshad Mahmood. "GENITOURINARY INJURIES DURING WAR AGAINST TERROR: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.3443.

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Objective: To compare our experience of genitourinary injuries during the war against terrorism with the record of those in previous wars of the World. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Urology department, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Jun 2011 to Aug 2014. Methodology: We treated 89 (5.6%) cases of genitourinary injuries received in our tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The hospital was located at a distance of 2-3 hours of evacuation time by helicopter from the forward operational area. Results: The frequency of genitourinary injuries among 1589 war casualties was (5.6%). Out of these 49 (55%) were due to sniper shots and 40 (45%) due to improvised explosive device. Kidney was the most common organ injured 30 (33.7%), followed by bladder 20 (22.5%) and urethra 14 (15.7%). Majority of renal and bladder injuries were afflicted in those soldiers who were not wearing the protective jackets. Associated injuries to other organs were identified in 81% cases. Salvage of all genitourinary organs was the aim; however, nephrectomy and orchiectomy had to be performed in 30% and 50% respectively. Conclusion: Salvage of genitourinary war injuries poses a challenge to the trauma surgeon as lifesaving measures take precedence over organ preservation. Renal trauma in war was found to be the leading critical genitourinary injury.

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Mohajerani, Akhmad Arief. "Algoritma FCD dan NFT Pada Sistem Pencernaan Berbasis AR Menggunakan Single Marker." JATISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi) 8, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 1049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35957/jatisi.v8i3.1043.

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Manusia diciptakan dengan berbagai sistem yang memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari sistem pernapasan, sistem pencernaan, sistem peredaran darah dan juga sistem ekskresi. Dari beban kerangka ini ada berbagai organ yang juga memiliki tugas yang berbeda. Namun, tidak sedikit orang yang tidak tahu apa-apa tentang kerangka dan organ apa yang ada di dalam tubuh, misalnya apa saja organ dan fungsi yang terkait dengan sistem pencernaan. Dalam penelitian ini, akan membidik pada organ-organ dalam kerangka terkait pencernaan manusia. Agar lebih menarik untuk dipelajari, pencipta akan memperkenalkan organ-organ ini sebagai aplikasi augmented reality. Eksplorasi ini diarahkan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang organ dan fungsi apa yang ada dalam kerangka terkait pencernaan manusia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan strategi Single Marker, dengan desain aplikasi sistem, yaitu model waterfall yang terdiri dari analisis, desain, implementas, pengujian dan pemeliharaan dan menggunakan Fats Corner Detection (FCD) dan Natural Future Trackingx (NFT). Hasil pengujian dengan tiga device, jarak terdekat untuk menampilkan objek adalah ±12 cm sedangkan jarak terjauh adalah 80-100 cm. Terlebih lagi, hasil tes yang bergantung pada waktu respon untuk memunculkan artikel 3d pada tiga device membutuhkan waktu di bawah 2 detik.

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Palanisamy, Amudha, Paul Persad, Patrick P. Koty, Laurie L. Douglas, Robert J. Stratta, Jeffrey Rogers, Amber M. Reeves-Daniel, et al. "Donor-Derived Myeloid Sarcoma in Two Kidney Transplant Recipients from a Single Donor." Case Reports in Nephrology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/821346.

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We report the rare occurrence of donor-derived myeloid sarcoma in two kidney transplant patients who received organs from a single deceased donor. There was no evidence of preexisting hematologic malignancy in the donor at the time of organ recovery. Both recipients developed leukemic involvement that appeared to be limited to the transplanted organ. Fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and molecular genotyping analyses confirmed that the malignant cells were of donor origin in each patient. Allograft nephrectomy and immediate withdrawal of immunosuppression were performed in both cases; systemic chemotherapy was subsequently administered to one patient. Both recipients were in remission at least one year following the diagnosis of donor-derived myeloid sarcoma. These cases suggest that restoration of the immune system after withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy and allograft nephrectomy may be sufficient to control HLA-mismatched donor-derived myeloid sarcoma without systemic involvement.

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Murana, Giacomo, Mariafrancesca Fiorentino, Gregorio Gliozzi, Luca Di Marco, Luciano Potena, Sofia Martin Suarez, Davide Pacini, and Antonio Loforte. "Donor risk analysis and validation in heart transplants: a single-centre experience." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 31, no. 6 (November 6, 2020): 860–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa207.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES A heart transplant (Htx) remains the gold standard treatment for patients with advanced heart failure. Considering the limited availability of organs, donor risk scores might improve organ selection and allocation. The objective of the study was to compare United Network for Organ Sharing, RADIAL and Eurotransplant scoring models in calculating post-Htx outcomes in an Italian Htx population. METHODS Between January 2000 and December 2017, a total of 461 adult patients underwent Htxs. United Network for Organ Sharing, RADIAL and Eurotransplant scores were calculated. Clinical features and donor risk scores were tested to identify preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk variables and eventually validate the scores on our population. RESULTS Early graft failure was detected in 16.1% (74/461). Post-Htx extracorporeal life support was used in 11.1% (51/461). Of the donor-related factors, the use of noradrenaline (P = 0.015) negatively influenced early outcomes, whereas an ischaemic time >240 min (P = 0.037) influenced early graft failure occurrence. The Eurotransplant donor score did not impact outcomes; the RADIAL score significantly influenced both early and late mortality; and the United Network for Organ Sharing score influenced only late mortality. On the multivariable analysis, after adjustment of scores per cohort, noradrenaline infusion was the main independent predictor of in-hospital mortality for the donors, whereas age of the recipient [odds ratio (OR) 1.003, 1.003–1.081; P = 0.032] and use of preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR 3.320, 1.124–9.805; P = 0.030) were the main independent predictors for the recipients. CONCLUSIONS None of the validated donor scoring systems fully behave as reliable predictors of transplant outcomes. According to our ‘local only’ graft selection, specific donor and recipient risk variables should be monitored in order to predict early and late outcomes satisfactorily.

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Stow, Emily C., Tiffany Kaul, Dawn L. deHaro, Madeleine R. Dem, Anna G. Beletsky, Maria E. Morales, Qianhui Du, et al. "Organ-, sex- and age-dependent patterns of endogenous L1 mRNA expression at a single locus resolution." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 10 (May 22, 2021): 5813–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab369.

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Abstract Expression of L1 mRNA, the first step in the L1 copy-and-paste amplification cycle, is a prerequisite for L1-associated genomic instability. We used a reported stringent bioinformatics method to parse L1 mRNA transcripts and measure the level of L1 mRNA expressed in mouse and rat organs at a locus-specific resolution. This analysis determined that mRNA expression of L1 loci in rodents exhibits striking organ specificity with less than 0.8% of loci shared between organs of the same organism. This organ specificity in L1 mRNA expression is preserved in male and female mice and across age groups. We discovered notable differences in L1 mRNA expression between sexes with only 5% of expressed L1 loci shared between male and female mice. Moreover, we report that the levels of total L1 mRNA expression and the number and spectrum of expressed L1 loci fluctuate with age as independent variables, demonstrating different patterns in different organs and sexes. Overall, our comparisons between organs and sexes and across ages ranging from 2 to 22 months establish previously unforeseen dynamic changes in L1 mRNA expression in vivo. These findings establish the beginning of an atlas of endogenous L1 mRNA expression across a broad range of biological variables that will guide future studies.

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Liang, Hao Fang, and Guo Yong Shan. "The Control Method for Positioning Bed of the Body Gamma Knife Based on the Breathing Sensors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.560.

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Objective: To counteract the organ motion caused by respiratory movement through controlling the positioning bed’s synchronous motion with the organ with the breathing sensor in body gamma knife treatment. Methods: The displacement curve of relationship between lung volume and organs in the lung was obtained by acquiring respiratory signals with the piezoelectric film respiratory sensor. Used single chip microcomputer to control stepper motor which spurts the positioning bed through the transmitter to make it move simultaneously in real time according to the law of organ motion, so as to counteract the organ motion caused by respiratory movement and thus to improve the precision of radiotherapy. Results: The experiment indicates that this method can make the steeper motor move according to the displacement curve. Conclusion: It is feasible to counteract the organ and tissue motions caused by respiratory movement by making the positioning bed reversely move in real time in accordance with the law of organ motion during radiotherapy treatment.

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Bembea, Melania M., Michael Agus, Ayse Akcan-Arikan, Peta Alexander, Rajit Basu, Tellen D. Bennett, Desmond Bohn, et al. "Pediatric Organ Dysfunction Information Update Mandate (PODIUM) Contemporary Organ Dysfunction Criteria: Executive Summary." Pediatrics 149, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): S1—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-052888b.

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Prior criteria for organ dysfunction in critically ill children were based mainly on expert opinion. We convened the Pediatric Organ Dysfunction Information Update Mandate (PODIUM) expert panel to summarize data characterizing single and multiple organ dysfunction and to derive contemporary criteria for pediatric organ dysfunction. The panel was composed of 88 members representing 47 institutions and 7 countries. We conducted systematic reviews of the literature to derive evidence-based criteria for single organ dysfunction for neurologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, acute liver, renal, hematologic, coagulation, endocrine, endothelial, and immune system dysfunction. We searched PubMed and Embase from January 1992 to January 2020. Study identification was accomplished using a combination of medical subject headings terms and keywords related to concepts of pediatric organ dysfunction. Electronic searches were performed by medical librarians. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the authors reported original data collected in critically ill children; evaluated performance characteristics of scoring tools or clinical assessments for organ dysfunction; and assessed a patient-centered, clinically meaningful outcome. Data were abstracted from each included study into an electronic data extraction form. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Consensus was achieved for a final set of 43 criteria for pediatric organ dysfunction through iterative voting and discussion. Although the PODIUM criteria for organ dysfunction were limited by available evidence and will require validation, they provide a contemporary foundation for researchers to identify and study single and multiple organ dysfunction in critically ill children.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Single organ'

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