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Journal articles on the topic 'Single molecule conductance measurements'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Hong, Wenjing, Hennie Valkenier, Gábor Mészáros, David Zsolt Manrique, Artem Mishchenko, Alexander Putz, Pavel Moreno García, Colin J. Lambert, Jan C. Hummelen, and Thomas Wandlowski. "An MCBJ case study: The influence of π-conjugation on the single-molecule conductance at a solid/liquid interface." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (October 18, 2011): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.76.

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π-Conjugation plays an important role in charge transport through single molecular junctions. We describe in this paper the construction of a mechanically controlled break-junction setup (MCBJ) equipped with a highly sensitive log I–V converter in order to measure ultralow conductances of molecular rods trapped between two gold leads. The current resolution of the setup reaches down to 10 fA. We report single-molecule conductance measurements of an anthracene-based linearly conjugated molecule (AC), of an anthraquinone-based cross-conjugated molecule (AQ), and of a dihydroanthracene-based molecule (AH) with a broken conjugation. The quantitative analysis of complementary current–distance and current–voltage measurements revealed details of the influence of π-conjugation on the single-molecule conductance.

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2

Alangari, Mashari, Busra Demir, Caglanaz Akin Gultakti, Ersin Emre Oren, and Joshua Hihath. "Mapping DNA Conformations Using Single-Molecule Conductance Measurements." Biomolecules 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010129.

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DNA is an attractive material for a range of applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and it has recently been demonstrated that the electronic properties of DNA are uniquely sensitive to its sequence and structure, opening new opportunities for the development of electronic DNA biosensors. In this report, we examine the origin of multiple conductance peaks that can occur during single-molecule break-junction (SMBJ)-based conductance measurements on DNA. We demonstrate that these peaks originate from the presence of multiple DNA conformations within the solutions, in particular, double-stranded B-form DNA (dsDNA) and G-quadruplex structures. Using a combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, computational approaches, sequence and environmental controls, and single-molecule conductance measurements, we disentangle the conductance information and demonstrate that specific conductance values come from specific conformations of the DNA and that the occurrence of these peaks can be controlled by controlling the local environment. In addition, we demonstrate that conductance measurements are uniquely sensitive to identifying these conformations in solutions and that multiple configurations can be detected in solutions over an extremely large concentration range, opening new possibilities for examining low-probability DNA conformations in solutions.

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3

García, Raúl, M. Ángeles Herranz, Edmund Leary, M. Teresa González, Gabino Rubio Bollinger, Marius Bürkle, Linda A. Zotti, et al. "Single-molecule conductance of a chemically modified, π-extended tetrathiafulvalene and its charge-transfer complex with F4TCNQ." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (June 24, 2015): 1068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.120.

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We describe the synthesis and single-molecule electrical transport properties of a molecular wire containing a π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) group and its charge-transfer complex with F4TCNQ. We form single-molecule junctions using the in situ break junction technique using a homebuilt scanning tunneling microscope with a range of conductance between 10 G0 down to 10−7 G0. Within this range we do not observe a clear conductance signature of the neutral parent molecule, suggesting either that its conductance is too low or that it does not form a stable junction. Conversely, we do find a clear conductance signature in the experiments carried out on the charge-transfer complex. Due to the fact we expected this species to have a higher conductance than the neutral molecule, we believe this supports the idea that the conductance of the neutral molecule is very low, below our measurement sensitivity. This idea is further supported by theoretical calculations. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first reported single-molecule conductance measurements on a molecular charge-transfer species.

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4

Kim, Taekyeong, and Tae Hyun Kim. "Measuring Conductance of Phenylenediamine as a Molecular Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/353095.

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We report experimental measurements of molecular conductance as a single molecular sensor by using scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction (STM-BJ) technique. The gap was created after Au atomic point contact was ruptured, and the target molecule was inserted and bonded to the top and bottom electrodes. We successfully measured the conductance for a series of amine-terminated oligophenyl molecules by forming the molecular junctions with Au electrodes. The measured conductance decays exponentially with molecular backbone length, enabling us to detect the type of molecules as a molecular sensor. Furthermore, we demonstrated reversible binary switching in a molecular junction by mechanical control of the gap between the electrodes. Since our method allows us to measure the conductance of a single molecule in ambient conditions, it should open up various practical molecular sensing applications.

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5

Kaliginedi, Veerabhadrarao, Alexander V. Rudnev, Pavel Moreno-García, Masoud Baghernejad, Cancan Huang, Wenjing Hong, and Thomas Wandlowski. "Promising anchoring groups for single-molecule conductance measurements." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 43 (2014): 23529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03605k.

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6

Pal, Atindra Nath, Tal Klein, Ayelet Vilan, and Oren Tal. "Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (May 17, 2018): 1471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.138.

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Single-molecule junctions are versatile test beds for electronic transport at the atomic scale. However, not much is known about the early formation steps of such junctions. Here, we study the electronic transport properties of premature junction configurations before the realization of a single-molecule bridge based on vanadocene molecules and silver electrodes. With the aid of conductance measurements, inelastic electron spectroscopy and shot noise analysis, we identify the formation of a single-molecule junction in parallel to a single-atom junction and examine the interplay between these two conductance pathways. Furthermore, the role of this structure in the formation of single-molecule junctions is studied. Our findings reveal the conductance and structural properties of premature molecular junction configurations and uncover the different scenarios in which a single-molecule junction is formed. Future control over such processes may pave the way for directed formation of preferred junction structures.

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7

Chen, Fang, Joshua Hihath, Zhifeng Huang, Xiulan Li, and N. J. Tao. "Measurement of Single-Molecule Conductance." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 58, no. 1 (May 2007): 535–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104523.

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8

Kaneko, S., D. Murai, Sh Fujii, and M. Kiguchi. "Surface enhanced Raman scattering of single 1,4-Benzenedithiol molecular junction." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 13 (May 19, 2016): 1642010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216420108.

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Here, we present simultaneous electronic and optical measurements of a single 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) molecular junctions to investigate the electronic and structural details in the molecular junction and to understand the charge transport property at the single molecular scale. The electronic property was investigated by DC conductance measurement while structural property was characterized using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement. The single BDT junctions sandwiched between Au nanogap-electrodes were prepared by the mechanically controllable break junction method at ambient conditions. The simultaneous conductance and SERS measurements demonstrate that ring deformation mode coupled to C–S stretching mode, ring breathing mode, and C=C stretching mode are detectable for the single BDT molecular junctions with electronic conductance of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. The single molecule origin is supported by the characteristic variability of SERS within samples. Time evolution of the conductance and SERS signals indicated that the molecular conductance and the vibrational energy of the ring breathing mode exhibits anti-correlated relationship. This relationship can be mediated by time evolution of structural change in the single molecular junction and corresponding change in strength of metal–molecular coupling. The larger metal–molecular coupling causes higher electronic conductance of the molecular junction while charge transfer effect leads to weakening of molecular bonds and thus a resulting decrease in the vibration energy of the ring breathing mode.

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9

Mejía, Leopoldo, and Ignacio Franco. "Force–conductance spectroscopy of a single-molecule reaction." Chemical Science 10, no. 11 (2019): 3249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04830d.

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We demonstrate how simultaneous measurements of conductance and force can be used to monitor the step-by-step progress of a mechanically activated cis-to-trans isomerization single-molecule reaction, including events that cannot be distinguished using force or conductance alone.

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10

Luka-Guth, Katharina, Sebastian Hambsch, Andreas Bloch, Philipp Ehrenreich, Bernd Michael Briechle, Filip Kilibarda, Torsten Sendler, et al. "Role of solvents in the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (July 22, 2016): 1055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.99.

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We report on an experimental study of the charge transport through tunnel gaps formed by adjustable gold electrodes immersed into different solvents that are commonly used in the field of molecular electronics (ethanol, toluene, mesitylene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, isopropanol, toluene/tetrahydrofuran mixtures) for the study of single-molecule contacts of functional molecules. We present measurements of the conductance as a function of gap width, conductance histograms as well as current–voltage characteristics of narrow gaps and discuss them in terms of the Simmons model, which is the standard model for describing transport via tunnel barriers, and the resonant single-level model, often applied to single-molecule junctions. One of our conclusions is that stable junctions may form from solvents as well and that both conductance–distance traces and current–voltage characteristics have to be studied to distinguish between contacts of solvent molecules and of molecules under study.

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11

Perrin, Mickael L., Christian A. Martin, Ferry Prins, Ahson J. Shaikh, Rienk Eelkema, Jan H. van Esch, Jan M. van Ruitenbeek, Herre S. J. van der Zant, and Diana Dulić. "Charge transport in a zinc–porphyrin single-molecule junction." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (October 18, 2011): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.77.

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We have investigated charge transport in ZnTPPdT–Pyr (TPPdT: 5,15-di(p-thiolphenyl)-10,20-di(p-tolyl)porphyrin) molecular junctions using the lithographic mechanically controllable break-junction (MCBJ) technique at room temperature and cryogenic temperature (6 K). We combined low-bias statistical measurements with spectroscopy of the molecular levels in the form of I(V) characteristics. This combination allows us to characterize the transport in a molecular junction in detail. This complex molecule can form different junction configurations, having an observable effect on the trace histograms and the current–voltage (I(V)) measurements. Both methods show that multiple, stable single-molecule junction configurations can be obtained by modulating the interelectrode distance. In addition we demonstrate that different ZnTPPdT–Pyr junction configurations can lead to completely different spectroscopic features with the same conductance values. We show that statistical low-bias conductance measurements should be interpreted with care, and that the combination with I(V) spectroscopy represents an essential tool for a more detailed characterization of the charge transport in a single molecule.

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12

Jang, Sung-Yeon, Pramod Reddy, Arun Majumdar, and Rachel A. Segalman. "Interpretation of Stochastic Events in Single Molecule Conductance Measurements." Nano Letters 6, no. 10 (October 2006): 2362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0609495.

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13

van Zalinge, Harm, David J. Schiffrin, Andrew D. Bates, Wolfgang Haiss, Jens Ulstrup, and Richard J. Nichols. "Single-Molecule Conductance Measurements of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotides." ChemPhysChem 7, no. 1 (January 16, 2006): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200500413.

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14

Grace, Iain M., Gunnar Olsen, Juan Hurtado-Gallego, Laura Rincón-García, Gabino Rubio-Bollinger, Martin R. Bryce, Nicolás Agraït, and Colin J. Lambert. "Connectivity dependent thermopower of bridged biphenyl molecules in single-molecule junctions." Nanoscale 12, no. 27 (2020): 14682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04001k.

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We report measurements on gold|single-molecule|gold junctions, using a modified scanning tunneling microscope-break junction (STM-BJ) technique, of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductance of a series of bridged biphenyl molecules.

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15

Hihath, Joshua, and Nongjian Tao. "Rapid measurement of single-molecule conductance." Nanotechnology 19, no. 26 (May 19, 2008): 265204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/26/265204.

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16

Hamill, Joseph M., Christopher Weaver, and Tim Albrecht. "Multivariate Approach to Single-Molecule Thermopower and Electrical Conductance Measurements." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125, no. 47 (November 17, 2021): 26256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08608.

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17

Huang, Mingzhu, Jianqiao Dong, Zhiye Wang, Yunchuan Li, Lei Yu, Yichong Liu, Gongming Qian, and Shuai Chang. "Revealing the electronic structure of organic emitting semiconductors at the single-molecule level." Chemical Communications 56, no. 94 (2020): 14789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc05602b.

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Single-molecule conductance measurements of OLED molecules show that the holes injected from metal electrode can be suppressed by adding electron-withdrawing arms, benefiting the electron–hole balance of OLED devices whose holes are excessive.

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18

Zhang, Lu, Satoshi Kaneko, Shintaro Fujii, Manabu Kiguchi, and Tomoaki Nishino. "Single-molecule determination of chemical equilibrium of DNA intercalation by electrical conductance." Chemical Communications 57, no. 36 (2021): 4380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc08348h.

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The association of organic dye to DNA was investigated by single-molecule conductance. The binding isotherm obtained from single-molecule measurements leads to determination of the association constant.

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19

Tao, Nongjian. "Measurement and control of single molecule conductance." Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, no. 32 (2005): 3260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b503307a.

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20

Taniguchi, Masateru, Kosuke Morimoto, Makusu Tsutsui, and Tomoji Kawai. "Measurement Environment Dependency of Single Molecule Conductance." Chemistry Letters 37, no. 9 (September 5, 2008): 990–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2008.990.

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21

Wang, Kun, Joseph M. Hamill, Bin Wang, Cunlan Guo, Sibo Jiang, Zhen Huang, and Bingqian Xu. "Structure determined charge transport in single DNA molecule break junctions." Chem. Sci. 5, no. 9 (2014): 3425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc00888j.

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22

Ie, Yutaka, Masaru Endou, Aihong Han, Ryo Yamada, Hirokazu Tada, and Yoshio Aso. "Functional oligothiophenes toward molecular wires in single-molecular electronics." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 4 (March 20, 2012): 931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-10-26.

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The synthesis of 3-hexylthiophene-based oligothiophenes with a length of approximately 10 nm bearing anchor units at both terminal positions has been accomplished. In addition, we have designed and synthesized completely encapsulated oligothiophenes to investigate single-molecule conductance. Their properties are evaluated by UV–vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The conductance of a single-molecule junction for thiol-introduced oligothiophenes was measured by 10-nm-scale nanogap gold electrodes or modified scanning tunneling microscope (STM) techniques.

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23

Zhang, Bintian, Weisi Song, Pei Pang, Huafang Lai, Qiang Chen, Peiming Zhang, and Stuart Lindsay. "Role of contacts in long-range protein conductance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 7, 2019): 5886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819674116.

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Proteins are widely regarded as insulators, despite reports of electrical conductivity. Here we use measurements of single proteins between electrodes, in their natural aqueous environment to show that the factor controlling measured conductance is the nature of the electrical contact to the protein, and that specific ligands make highly selective electrical contacts. Using six proteins that lack known electrochemical activity, and measuring in a potential region where no ion current flows, we find characteristic peaks in the distributions of measured single-molecule conductances. These peaks depend on the contact chemistry, and hence, on the current path through the protein. In consequence, the measured conductance distribution is sensitive to changes in this path caused by ligand binding, as shown with streptavidin–biotin complexes. Measured conductances are on the order of nanosiemens over distances of many nanometers, orders of magnitude more than could be accounted for by electron tunneling. The current is dominated by contact resistance, so the conductance for a given path is independent of the distance between electrodes, as long as the contact points on the protein can span the gap between electrodes. While there is no currently known biological role for high electronic conductance, its dependence on specific contacts has important technological implications, because no current is observed at all without at least one strongly bonded contact, so direct electrical detection is a highly selective and label-free single-molecule detection method. We demonstrate single-molecule, highly specific, label- and background free-electronic detection of IgG antibodies to HIV and Ebola viruses.

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24

Pan, Xiaoyun, Cheng Qian, Amber Chow, Lu Wang, and Maria Kamenetska. "Atomically precise binding conformations of adenine and its variants on gold using single molecule conductance signatures." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 23 (December 21, 2022): 234201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103642.

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We demonstrate single molecule conductance as a sensitive and atomically precise probe of binding configurations of adenine and its biologically relevant variants on gold. By combining experimental measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of single molecule–metal junction structures in aqueous conditions, we determine for the first time that robust binding of adenine occurs in neutral or basic pH when the molecule is deprotonated at the imidazole moiety. The molecule binds through the donation of the electron lone pairs from the imidazole nitrogen atoms, N7 and N9, to the gold electrodes. In addition, the pyrimidine ring nitrogen, N3, can bind concurrently and strengthen the overall metal–molecule interaction. The amine does not participate in binding to gold in contrast to most other amine-terminated molecular wires due to the planar geometry of the nucleobase. DFT calculations reveal the importance of interface charge transfer in stabilizing the experimentally observed binding configurations. We demonstrate that biologically relevant variants of adenine, 6-methyladenine and 2′-deoxyadenosine, have distinct conductance signatures. These results lay the foundation for biosensing on gold using single molecule conductance readout.

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25

Moore, Amanda M., Arrelaine A. Dameron, Brent A. Mantooth, Rachel K. Smith, Daniel J. Fuchs, Jacob W. Ciszek, Francisco Maya, Yuxing Yao, James M. Tour, and Paul S. Weiss. "Molecular Engineering and Measurements To Test Hypothesized Mechanisms in Single Molecule Conductance Switching." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 6 (February 2006): 1959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja055761m.

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26

Lv, Shan-Ling, Cong Zeng, Zhou Yu, Ju-Fang Zheng, Ya-Hao Wang, Yong Shao, and Xiao-Shun Zhou. "Recent Advances in Single-Molecule Sensors Based on STM Break Junction Measurements." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080565.

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Single-molecule recognition and detection with the highest resolution measurement has been one of the ultimate goals in science and engineering. Break junction techniques, originally developed to measure single-molecule conductance, recently have also been proven to have the capacity for the label-free exploration of single-molecule physics and chemistry, which paves a new way for single-molecule detection with high temporal resolution. In this review, we outline the primary advances and potential of the STM break junction technique for qualitative identification and quantitative detection at a single-molecule level. The principles of operation of these single-molecule electrical sensing mainly in three regimes, ion, environmental pH and genetic material detection, are summarized. It clearly proves that the single-molecule electrical measurements with break junction techniques show a promising perspective for designing a simple, label-free and nondestructive electrical sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent selectivity.

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27

Reichert, J., H. B. Weber, M. Mayor, and H. v. Löhneysen. "Low-temperature conductance measurements on single molecules." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 23 (June 9, 2003): 4137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1574844.

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28

Kim, Youngsang, Safa G. Bahoosh, Dmytro Sysoiev, Thomas Huhn, Fabian Pauly, and Elke Scheer. "Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (December 6, 2017): 2606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.261.

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Diarylethene-derived molecules alter their electronic structure upon transformation between the open and closed forms of the diarylethene core, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light. This transformation results in a significant variation of electrical conductance and vibrational properties of corresponding molecular junctions. We report here a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of charge transport through diarylethene-derived single-molecule devices, which are created using the mechanically controlled break-junction technique. Inelastic electron tunneling (IET) spectroscopy measurements performed at 4.2 K are compared with first-principles calculations in the two distinct forms of diarylethenes connected to gold electrodes. The combined approach clearly demonstrates that the IET spectra of single-molecule junctions show specific vibrational features that can be used to identify different isomeric molecular states by transport experiments.

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29

Yang, Wei-Yu, Jueting Zheng, Xia-Guang Zhang, Li-Chuan Chen, Yu Si, Fei-Zhou Huang, and Wenjing Hong. "Charge transport through a water-assisted hydrogen bond in single-molecule glutathione disulfide junctions." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 2 (2020): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05686f.

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30

Yong, AI, and ZHANG Hao-Li. "Construction and Conductance Measurement of Single Molecule Junctions." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 28, no. 10 (2012): 2237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201209102.

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31

Xiao, Xu, and Nongjian J. Tao. "Measurement of Single Molecule Conductance: Benzenedithiol and Benzenedimethanethiol." Nano Letters 4, no. 2 (February 2004): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl035000m.

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32

Tsou, Lien-Hung, Marc Sigrist, Ming-Hsi Chiang, Er-Chien Horng, Chun-hsien Chen, Shou-Ling Huang, Gene-Hsiang Lee, and Shie-Ming Peng. "Asymmetric tetranuclear nickel chains with unidirectionally ordered 2-(α-(5-phenyl)pyridylamino)-1,8-naphthyridine ligands." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 43 (2016): 17281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03223k.

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33

Kaneko, Satoshi, Enrique Montes, Sho Suzuki, Shintaro Fujii, Tomoaki Nishino, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi, Katsuyoshi Ikeda, et al. "Identifying the molecular adsorption site of a single molecule junction through combined Raman and conductance studies." Chemical Science 10, no. 25 (2019): 6261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00701f.

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34

Wen, Huimin, Wengang Li, Jiewei Chen, Gen He, Longhua Li, Mark A. Olson, Andrew C. H. Sue, J. Fraser Stoddart, and Xuefeng Guo. "Complex formation dynamics in a single-molecule electronic device." Science Advances 2, no. 11 (November 2016): e1601113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601113.

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Single-molecule electronic devices offer unique opportunities to investigate the properties of individual molecules that are not accessible in conventional ensemble experiments. However, these investigations remain challenging because they require (i) highly precise device fabrication to incorporate single molecules and (ii) sufficient time resolution to be able to make fast molecular dynamic measurements. We demonstrate a graphene-molecule single-molecule junction that is capable of probing the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of a host-guest complex. By covalently integrating a conjugated molecular wire with a pendent crown ether into graphene point contacts, we can transduce the physical [2]pseudorotaxane (de)formation processes between the electron-rich crown ether and a dicationic guest into real-time electrical signals. The conductance of the single-molecule junction reveals two-level fluctuations that are highly dependent on temperature and solvent environments, affording a nondestructive means of quantitatively determining the binding and rate constants, as well as the activation energies, for host-guest complexes. The thermodynamic processes reveal the host-guest binding to be enthalpy-driven and are consistent with conventional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration experiments. This electronic device opens up a new route to developing single-molecule dynamics investigations with microsecond resolution for a broad range of chemical and biochemical applications.

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35

Korshoj, Lee E., Sepideh Afsari, Anushree Chatterjee, and Prashant Nagpal. "Conformational Smear Characterization and Binning of Single-Molecule Conductance Measurements for Enhanced Molecular Recognition." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 43 (October 20, 2017): 15420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b08246.

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36

van Zalinge, Harm, David J. Schiffrin, Andrew D. Bates, Evgeni B. Starikov, Wolfgang Wenzel, and Richard J. Nichols. "Variable-Temperature Measurements of the Single-Molecule Conductance of Double-Stranded DNA." Angewandte Chemie 118, no. 33 (August 18, 2006): 5625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200601263.

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37

van Zalinge, Harm, David J. Schiffrin, Andrew D. Bates, Evgeni B. Starikov, Wolfgang Wenzel, and Richard J. Nichols. "Variable-Temperature Measurements of the Single-Molecule Conductance of Double-Stranded DNA." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 33 (August 18, 2006): 5499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200601263.

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38

Olavarría-Contreras, Ignacio José, Alvaro Etcheverry-Berríos, Wenjie Qian, Cristian Gutiérrez-Cerón, Aldo Campos-Olguín, E. Carolina Sañudo, Diana Dulić, et al. "Electric-field induced bistability in single-molecule conductance measurements for boron coordinated curcuminoid compounds." Chemical Science 9, no. 34 (2018): 6988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc02337a.

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39

Li, Yueqi, Hui Wang, Zixiao Wang, Yanjun Qiao, Jens Ulstrup, Hong-Yuan Chen, Gang Zhou, and Nongjian Tao. "Transition from stochastic events to deterministic ensemble average in electron transfer reactions revealed by single-molecule conductance measurement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 9 (February 8, 2019): 3407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814825116.

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Electron transfer reactions can now be followed at the single-molecule level, but the connection between the microscopic and macroscopic data remains to be understood. By monitoring the conductance of a single molecule, we show that the individual electron transfer reaction events are stochastic and manifested as large conductance fluctuations. The fluctuation probability follows first-order kinetics with potential dependent rate constants described by the Butler–Volmer relation. Ensemble averaging of many individual reaction events leads to a deterministic dependence of the conductance on the external electrochemical potential that follows the Nernst equation. This study discloses a systematic transition from stochastic kinetics of individual reaction events to deterministic thermodynamics of ensemble averages and provides insights into electron transfer processes of small systems, consisting of a single molecule or a small number of molecules.

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Zhou, Yi-Fan, Wen-Yan Chang, Jing-Zhe Chen, Jun-Ren Huang, Jia-Ying Fu, Jin-Na Zhang, Lin-Qi Pei, Ya-Hao Wang, Shan Jin, and Xiao-Shun Zhou. "Substituent-mediated quantum interference toward a giant single-molecule conductance variation." Nanotechnology 33, no. 9 (December 9, 2021): 095201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3b84.

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Abstract Quantum interference (QI) in single molecular junctions shows a promising perspective for realizing conceptual nanoelectronics. However, controlling and modulating the QI remains a big challenge. Herein, two-type substituents at different positions of meta-linked benzene, namely electron-donating methoxy (–OMe) and electron-withdrawing nitryl (–NO2), are designed and synthesized to investigate the substituent effects on QI. The calculated transmission coefficients T(E) indicates that –OMe and –NO2 could remove the antiresonance and destructive quantum interference (DQI)-induced transmission dips at position 2. –OMe could raise the antiresonance energy at position 4 while –NO2 groups removes the DQI features. For substituents at position 5, both of them are nonactive for tuning QI. The conductance measurements by scanning tunneling microscopy break junction show a good agreement with the theoretical prediction. More than two order of magnitude single-molecule conductance on/off ratio could be achieved at the different positions of –NO2 substituent groups at room temperature. The present work proves chemical substituents can be used for tuning QI features in single molecular junctions, which provides a feasible way toward realization of high-performance molecular devices.

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Zeng, Biao-Feng, Yu-Ling Zou, Gan Wang, Wenjing Hong, Zhong-Qun Tian, and Yang Yang. "Quantitative studies of single-molecule chemistry using conductance measurement." Nano Today 47 (December 2022): 101660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101660.

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Shapovalov, George, and Henry A. Lester. "Gating Transitions in Bacterial Ion Channels Measured at 3 μs Resolution." Journal of General Physiology 124, no. 2 (July 26, 2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200409087.

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Ion channels of high conductance (>200 pS) are widespread among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Two examples, the Escherichia coli mechanosensitive ion channels Ec-MscS and Ec-MscL, pass currents of 125–300 pA. To resolve temporal details of conductance transitions, a patch-clamp setup was optimized for low-noise recordings at a time resolution of 3 μs (10–20 times faster than usual). Analyses of the high-resolution recordings confirm that Ec-MscL visits many subconductance states and show that most of the intersubstate transitions occur more slowly than the effective resolution of 3 μs. There is a clear trend toward longer transition times for the larger transitions. In Ec-MscS recordings, the majority of the observed full conductance transitions are also composite. We detected a short-lived (∼20 μs) Ec-MscS substate at 2/3 of full conductance; transitions between 2/3 and full conductance did not show fine structure and had a time course limited by the achieved resolution. Opening and closing transitions in MscS are symmetrical and are not preceded or followed by smaller, rapid currents (“anticipations” or “regrets”). Compared with other, lower-conductance channels, these measurements may detect unusually early states in the transitions from fully closed to fully open. Increased temporal resolution at the single-molecule level reveals that some elementary steps of structural transitions are composite and follow several alternative pathways, while others still escape resolution. High-bandwidth, low-noise single-channel measurements may provide details about state transitions in other high-conductance channels; and similar procedures may also be applied to channel- and nanopore-based single-molecule DNA measurements.

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NISHINO, Tomoaki, Hiroshi SHIIGI, and Tsutomu NAGAOKA. "Single-biomolecule Sensing Based on Molecular Conductance Measurements." Bunseki kagaku 64, no. 7 (2015): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.481.

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Johnson, Tyler K., Jeffrey A. Ivie, Jason Jaruvang, and Oliver L. A. Monti. "Fast sensitive amplifier for two-probe conductance measurements in single molecule break junctions." Review of Scientific Instruments 88, no. 3 (March 2017): 033904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4978962.

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Bâldea, Ioan. "Interpretation of Stochastic Events in Single-Molecule Measurements of Conductance and Transition Voltage Spectroscopy." Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 18 (April 26, 2012): 7958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja302248h.

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Yang, Yang, Zhaobin Chen, Junyang Liu, Miao Lu, Dezhi Yang, Fangzu Yang, and Zhongqun Tian. "An electrochemically assisted mechanically controllable break junction approach for single molecule junction conductance measurements." Nano Research 4, no. 12 (September 30, 2011): 1199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-011-0170-5.

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Komoto, Yuki, Shintaro Fujii, Tomoaki Nishino, and Manabu Kiguchi. "High electronic couplings of single mesitylene molecular junctions." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (December 18, 2015): 2431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.251.

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We report on an experimental analysis of the charge transport properties of single mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) molecular junctions. The electronic conductance and the current–voltage characteristics of mesitylene molecules wired into Au electrodes were measured by a scanning tunnelling microscopy-based break-junction method at room temperature in a liquid environment. We found the molecular junctions exhibited two distinct conductance states with high conductance values of ca. 10−1 G 0 and of more than 10−3 G 0 (G 0 = 2e 2/h) in the electronic conductance measurements. We further performed a statistical analysis of the current–voltage characteristics of the molecular junctions in the two states. Within a single channel resonant tunnelling model, we obtained electronic couplings in the molecular junctions by fitting the current–voltage characteristics to the single channel model. The origin of the high conductance was attributed to experimentally obtained large electronic couplings of the direct π-bonded molecular junctions (ca. 0.15 eV). Based on analysis of the stretch length of the molecular junctions and the large electronic couplings obtained from the I–V analysis, we proposed two structural models, in which (i) mesitylene binds to the Au electrode perpendicular to the charge transport direction and (ii) mesitylene has tilted from the perpendicular orientation.

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Welch, K., T. Blom, K. Leifer, and M. Strømme. "Enabling measurements of low-conductance single molecules using gold nanoelectrodes." Nanotechnology 22, no. 12 (February 14, 2011): 125707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/12/125707.

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Matsushita, Ryuji, and Manabu Kiguchi. "Surface enhanced Raman scattering of a single molecular junction." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 33 (2015): 21254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04906c.

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Komoto, Yuki, Takahito Ohshiro, and Masateru Taniguchi. "Development of Single-Molecule Electrical Identification Method for Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Signaling Pathway." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030784.

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important research target because it activates protein kinases, and its signaling pathway regulates the passage of ions and molecules inside a cell. To detect the chemical reactions related to the cAMP intracellular signaling pathway, cAMP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) should be selectively detected. This study utilized single-molecule quantum measurements of these adenosine family molecules to detect their individual electrical conductance using nanogap devices. As a result, cAMP was electrically detected at the single molecular level, and its signal was successfully discriminated from those of ATP, AMP, and ADP using the developed machine learning method. The discrimination accuracies of a single cAMP signal from AMP, ADP, and ATP were found to be 0.82, 0.70, and 0.72, respectively. These values indicated a 99.9% accuracy when detecting more than ten signals. Based on an analysis of the feature values used for the machine learning analysis, it is suggested that this discrimination was due to the structural difference between the ribose of the phosphate site of cAMP and those of ATP, ADP, and AMP. This method will be of assistance in detecting and understanding the intercellular signaling pathways for small molecular second messengers.

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