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1
He, Xiao Cong. "Sheet Material Property Effects upon Dynamic Behavior in Self-Pierce Riveted Joints." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.999.
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Self-pierce riveting (SPR) technology offers an alternative to resistance spot welding (RSW) for joining sheet materials. It has been found that the SPR technology produced a much stronger joint than the RSW in fatigue test. For efficient design of SPR structures, the knowledge of dynamic characteristics of the SPR beams is essential. In this paper, the free transverse vibration characteristics of single lap-jointed cantilevered SPR beams are investigated in detail. The focus of the analysis is to reveal the influence on the natural frequency and natural frequency ratio of these beams caused by variations in the material properties of sheet materials to be jointed. It is shown that the transverse natural frequencies of single lap jointed cantilevered SPR beams increase significantly as the Young’s modulus of the sheet materials increases, but change slightly corresponding to the change in Poisson’s ratio. It is also found that the material density of the sheets have significant effects on the free transverse vibration characteristics of the beams.
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Dorozinska, H. V. "INFLUENCE MATERIAL OF PRISM ON THE SENSITIVITY OF SPR SENSORS." Optoelektronìka ta napìvprovìdnikova tehnìka 55 (December 31, 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/iopt.2020.55.179.
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Theoretical analysis of the influence of the sensor prism material on the basis of the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on its sensitivity and temperature stability of the measurement result is carried out. The analysis was performed for the infrared wavelength range of excitation surface plasmon radiation (980... 1550 nm) using materials for prisms with different refractive indices, namely: glass ceramics Zerodur (n D = 1,5423), optical glasses N-FK51A (n D = 1, 4865) and N-BK7 (n D = 1,5167) with low refractive index, single crystal material CaF 2 (n D = 1.4339), as well as flints N-SF2 (n D = 1,6475) and N-SF11 (n D = 1,7845). The temperature stability of the measurement result was determined for the temperature range from 20 °C to 70 °C, which corresponds to the operating temperature range of most refractometers and commercial SPR sensors. The coefficient of temperature shift of the minimum reflection characteristic for the investigated materials was calculated as the ratio of the magnitude of the angular shift ∆θ to the corresponding change of temperature ∆Т, which caused this shift. The results of the study showed that for all materials, regardless of the refractive index value, the temperature effect decreases with increasing wavelength of radiation. For the material with a lower refractive index (CaF 2 ), the temperature coefficient was 2 times higher than for flint glass (N-SF11). According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the sensitivity of the SPR sensor increases threefold from 52.83 deg./RIU to 173.16 deg./RIU when the refractive index of the prism changes from n D = 1.79 to n D = 1.43. It was also found that increasing the wavelength of the radiation increased both the sensitivity of the SPR sensor and temperature stability regardless of the prism material. The results of the study can be used both to develop new SPR sensors and to optimize the modes of operation of existing ones, in particular the choice of optimal sensitivity at a given range of measurement of the refractive index of the test substance.
3
Liu, Chunlan, Yang Gao, YaChen Gao, Yong Wei, Ping Wu, and Yudong Su. "Enhanced sensitivity of fiber SPR sensor by metal nanoparticle." Sensor Review 40, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2019-0310.
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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between the performance of the metal nanoparticles and the sensitivity of the fiber surface plasma resonance (SPR) sensor. It proposes modeling the sensing effects of a single-mode fiber SPR sensor with a cone angle structure decorated with metal nanoparticles. This study uses the metal nanoparticles to the realize enhanced sensitivity of refractive index sensing. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted for an exploratory study using a simulation approach of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). Specifically, the effect of size, the material and the shape of the metal nanoparticle on sensing performance are investigated theoretically. Findings In conclusion, it is evident that the localized SPR (LSPR) effect weakens as the diameter of the gold nanosphere increases, the SPR effect enhances and the SPR sensitivity increases first and then decreases. The metal nanoparticle with the different materials and different shapes also have different LSPR and SPR sensitivity and wavelength length dynamic range. The investigation shows that, by changing parameters, the reflection spectra of the fiber SPR sensor exhibit an obvious transition from LSPR to SPR characteristics, and enhanced sensitivity of the refractive index is realized. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study how the sensitivity of the fiber SPR sensor can be enhanced by the metal nanoparticle. After the optimization of parameters, the sensitivity of 5,140 nm/RIU is achieved, which provides a new research direction for sensitivity enhancement of fiber SPR sensor.
4
He, Xiao Cong, Ian Pearson, and Ken W. Young. "Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Transverse Free Vibration of Self-Pierce Riveting Beam." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.647.
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Self-pierce riveting (SPR) is nowadays widely used in the car manufacturing industry where aluminium alloys are used for body construction. For the design of mechanical structures, formed by the joining of component parts, a knowledge of the vibration characteristics of different joint types (adhesive bonding, spot welding, SPR etc) is essential. The free transverse vibration characteristics of single lap-jointed encastre SPR beams are investigated theoretically in this paper using the three dimensional finite element method (FEM). Numerical examples are provided to show the influence on the natural frequencies, natural frequency ratios and mode shapes of these beams caused by variations in the material properties (E and υ) of the sheet material. It is shown that the transverse natural frequencies of single lap jointed encastre SPR beams increases significantly as the Young’s Modulus of the sheets increases, but only slight changes are encountered for variations of Poisson’s Ratio. It is found that an exponential curve gives an acceptable fit to the relationship between natural frequency and Young’s Modulus. As expected, odd modes shapes were found to be symmetrical about the mid-length position and even modes were anti-symmetrical.
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Jepps, Lewis, Paul Briskham, Neil Sims, and Luca Susmel. "Investigation into the Effect of Interlock Volume on SPR Strength." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072747.
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During the design of automotive structures assembled using Self-Piercing Rivets (SPRs), a rivet and die combination is selected for each joint stack. To conduct extensive physical tensile testing on every joint combination to determine the range of strength achieved by each rivet–die combination, a great deal of lab technician time and substrate material are required. It is much simpler and less material-consuming to select the rivet and die solution by examining the cross sections of joints. However, the current methods of measuring cross sections by measuring the amount of mechanical interlock in a linear X–Y direction, achieved with the flared rivet tail, do not give an accurate prediction of joint strength, because they do not measure the full amount of material that must be defeated to pull the rivet tail out of the bottom sheet. The X–Y linear interlock measurement approach also makes it difficult to rapidly rank joint solutions, as it creates two values for each cross section rather than a single value. This study investigates an innovative new measurement method developed by the authors called Volumelock. The approach measures the volume of material that must be defeated to pull out the rivet. Creating a single measurement value for each rivet–die combination makes it much easier to compare different rivet and die solutions; to identify solutions that work well across a number of different stacks; to aid the grouping of stacks on one setter for low-volume line; and to select the strongest solutions for a high-volume line where only one or two different stacks are made by each setter. The joint stack results in this paper indicate that there is a good predictive relationship between the new Volumelock method and peel strength, measured by physical cross-tension testing. In this study, the Volumelock approach predicted the peel strength within a 5% error margin.
6
Dai, Xiaoyu, Yanzhao Liang, Yuting Zhao, Shuaiwen Gan, Yue Jia, and Yuanjiang Xiang. "Sensitivity Enhancement of a Surface Plasmon Resonance with Tin Selenide (SnSe) Allotropes." Sensors 19, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010173.
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Single layers of tin selenide (SnSe), which have a similar structure as graphene and phosphorene, also show excellent optoelectronic properties, and have received much attention as a two-dimensional (2D) material beyond other 2D material family members. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on three monolayer SnSe allotropes are investigated with the transfer matrix method. The simulated results have indicated that the proposed SnSe-containing biochemical sensors are suitable to detect different types of analytes. Compared with the conventional Ag-only film biochemical sensor whose sensitivity is 116°/RIU, the sensitivities of these SnSe-based biochemical sensors containing α-SnSe, δ-SnSe, ε-SnSe, were obviously increased to 178°/RIU, 156°/RIU and 154°/RIU, respectively. The diverse biosensor sensitivities achieved with these three SnSe allotropes suggest that these 2D materials can adjust SPR sensor properties.
7
Lu, Yi, Xiao Cong He, and Yi Feng Wang. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Self-Piercing Riveted Joints about Titanium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 856–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.856.
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Adopting self-piercing riveting (SPR) joining, a new light sheet material joining method, to examine the joining of copper-titanium alloy (H62-TA1) sheet and titanium-aluminum alloy (TA1-Al5052) sheet. Also, using quasi-static mechanical test to figure out mechanical properties of H62-TA1 SPR single-lap joint and TA1-Al5052 SPR single-lap joint. In this study, using Dixon guidelines to eliminate abnormal value and adopting coefficient of variation method to validate reliability of test datum. The results show that failure mode of H62-TA1 joints is that the rivets are pulled out, failure mode of TA1-Al5052 joints is that the bottom sheet fracture. And tensile displacement and energy absorption of H62-TA1 joints are higher than that of TA1-Al5052 joints.
8
Kim, Min Gun, Jin Hak Kim, Kun Chan Lee, and Won Yi. "Assessment for Structural Stiffness and Fatigue Life on Self-Piercing Rivet of Car Bodies." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2519.
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The highest structural stiffness of an SPR joint was exhibited in the specimen constituted with 5J32 and ASPH, and the lowest stiffness in that constituted with the single 5J32 combination. Even though the structural stiffness of an SPR joint specimen is roughly the same with another type of joint, the fatigue life is different according to sheet material and its thickness. The results of numerical analysis are nearly identical to those of experiments. Thus, it can be that FEM modeling in accordance with FEMFAT is effective in assessing the stiffness and fatigue life of SPR joints, and can be an alternative to experimental analysis.
9
Liu, Min, Xu Yang, Bingyue Zhao, Jingyun Hou, and Ping Shum. "Square array photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 36 (December 13, 2017): 1750352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917503523.
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Based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a novel refractive index (RI) sensor comprising a square photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed to realize the detection of the annular analyte. Instead of hexagon structure, four large air-holes in a square array are introduced to enhance the sensitivity by allowing two polarization directions of the core mode to be more sensitive. The gold is used as the only plasmonic material. The design purpose is to reduce the difficulty in gold deposition and enhance the RI sensitivity. The guiding properties and the effects of the parameters on the performance of the sensor are numerically investigated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). By optimizing the structure, the sensor can exhibit remarkable sensitivity up to 7250 nm/RIU and resolution of [Formula: see text] RIU with only one plasmonic material, which is very competitive compared with the other reported externally coated and single-layer coated PCF-based SPR (PCF–SPR) sensors, to our best knowledge.
10
Hossain, Md Biplob, and Md Masud Rana. "DNA Hybridization Detection Based on Resonance Frequency Readout in Graphene on Au SPR Biosensor." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6070742.
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This paper demonstrates a numerical modeling of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for detecting DNA hybridization by recording the resonance frequency characteristics (RFC). The proposed sensor is designed based on graphene material as biomolecular recognition elements (BRE) and the sharp SPR curve of gold (Au). Numerical analysis shows that the variation of RFC for mismatched DNA strands is quiet negligible whereas that for complementary DNA strands is considerably countable. Here, graphene is used to perform faster immobilization between target DNA and probe DNA. The usage of graphene also changes the RFC that ensure hybridization of DNA event by utilizing its optochemical property. In addition, proposed sensor successfully distinguishes between hybridization and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by observing the variation level of RFC and maximum transmittance. Therefore, the proposed frequency readout based SPR sensor could potentially open a new window of detection for biomolecular interactions. We also highlight the advantage of using graphene sublayer by performing the sensitivity analysis. Sandwiching of each graphene sublayer enhances 95% sensitivity comparing with conventional SPR sensor.
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Boltersdorf, Jonathan, Gregory Forcherio, Asher Leff, Behnaz Ostovar, Yiyu Cai, Stephan Link, and David R. Baker. "Photoelectrochemical Hydrocarbon Oxidation Augmented By Plasmonic Nanostructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 50 (July 7, 2022): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01502113mtgabs.
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Solar energy can be absorbed via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to promote excitation of energetic, or “hot”, charge carriers that can be locally transferred or thermally dissipated to augment photocatalytic processes. The “hot” carriers can selectively drive energy-intensive photoelectrochemical reactions at low temperatures by activating adsorbed reactants and accelerating surface kinetics. Plasmonically-sensitized nanocatalysts were investigated for their photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical oxidation of ethanol, with an emphasis on carbon-carbon bond cleavage, under solar simulated-light irradiation. Material approaches included the (i) SPR-functionalization of a traditional metal oxide semiconductor (TiO2) and (ii) bimetallic nanocatalysts composed of epitaxially photodeposited catalytic Pd at targeted locations on plasmonic Au nanorods. Results are correlated with nanocatalyst morphology, composition, and homogeneity to maintain SPR-induced charge separation and mitigate carbon monoxide poisoning. Ensemble photoelectrochemical measurements were complimented with single-particle dark-field scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopies to understand the extraction and utilization of SPR-excited “hot” carriers. Ethanol oxidation was achieved, yielding a solar-driven method for low temperature, complete photo-oxidation of complex hydrocarbons via plasmonic photocatalysis.
12
Andam, Najat, Siham Refki, Hidekazu Ishitobi, Yasushi Inouye, and Zouheir Sekkat. "Optical Characterization of Ultra-Thin Films of Azo-Dye-Doped Polymers Using Ellipsometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy." Photonics 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020041.
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The determination of optical constants (i.e., real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index (nc) and thickness (d)) of ultrathin films is often required in photonics. It may be done by using, for example, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy combined with either profilometry or atomic force microscopy (AFM). SPR yields the optical thickness (i.e., the product of nc and d) of the film, while profilometry and AFM yield its thickness, thereby allowing for the separate determination of nc and d. In this paper, we use SPR and profilometry to determine the complex refractive index of very thin (i.e., 58 nm) films of dye-doped polymers at different dye/polymer concentrations (a feature which constitutes the originality of this work), and we compare the SPR results with those obtained by using spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements performed on the same samples. To determine the optical properties of our film samples by ellipsometry, we used, for the theoretical fits to experimental data, Bruggeman’s effective medium model for the dye/polymer, assumed as a composite material, and the Lorentz model for dye absorption. We found an excellent agreement between the results obtained by SPR and ellipsometry, confirming that SPR is appropriate for measuring the optical properties of very thin coatings at a single light frequency, given that it is simpler in operation and data analysis than spectroscopic ellipsometry.
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Liu, Chunxiu, Ning Xue, Haoyuan Cai, Jianhai Sun, Zhimei Qi, Peiyue Zhao, Fei Xiong, Zhaoxin Geng, Liying Jiang, and Li Li. "Nanoparticles Enhanced Self-driven Microfludic Biosensor." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040350.
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C-reactive protein (CRP) plays an important role in inflammation detection and disease monitoring. The optical biosensor is a highly sensitive and easy detection tool. The microfluidic self-driving optical sensors were fabricated with transparent glass material and used for the enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical detection of the model protein CRP using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a sandwich immune reaction. The 3D design of the chip was devised to improve the optical coupling efficiency and enable integration with a microfluidic control and rapid detection. The array of pre-fixed antibody modified by Au nanoparticles was used to achieve rapid antigen capture and improve the optical sensitivity. The Au nanoparticle amplification approach was introduced for the SPR detection of a target protein. CRP was used as a model target protein as part of a sandwich assay. The use of Au NP measurements to detect the target signal is a threefold improvement compared to single SPR detection methods.
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Alam, Mohammad Khursheed, Vigneswaran Dhasarathan, Ayyanar Natesan, Ramanujam Nambi, Mahmud Uz Zaman, Kiran Kumar Ganji, Rehana Basri, Manay Srinivas Munisekhar, Anil Kumar Nagarajappa, and Huda Abutayyem. "Human Teeth Disease Detection Using Refractive Index Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor." Coatings 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101398.
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The paper proposes a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor utilizing MXene and a Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) material layer, placed on the Ag metal-based conventional biosensor to detect disease in human teeth. The SPR biosensor works on the principle of attenuated total reflection. The transverse matrix method was utilized for the reflectivity calculation. The thickness of the Ag layer, MXene, and MoS2 were taken as 45, 0.993, and 0.375 nm, respectively. Single-layer MoS2 and two layers of MXene were taken, and the highest sensitivity of the sensor for the enamel, dentin, and cementum was obtained at 83.219 deg/RIU, 91.460 deg/RIU, and 104.744 deg/RIU. MoS2 was used to enhance the biocompatibility of the analyte with the sensing layer. The aqueous solution had been considered as sensing medium.
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Chen, Chen, Xun Hou, and Jinhai Si. "Design of an integrated optics for transglutaminase conformational change." Nanotechnology Reviews 7, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2018-0022.
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Abstract A detailed theoretical research on a novel integrated optics with surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based waveguide is presented. An SPR multilayer section is designed by introducing intermediate layers to support fundamental mode and stronger electromagnetic field. Most current techniques excited with a single optical mode are “blind” to the conformational change of bound molecules. The greatest strength of such technique lies in monitoring protein conformational change. The Mach-Zehnder interferometry architecture is adopted to maximize sensor sensitivity and prevent unspecific binding from biological material and error from geometrical difference. A proof-of-concept is conducted on the integrated optics by detecting protein transglutaminase (tTG) specifically binding calcium ion (Ca2+) via the finite-element method. The minimum decrease of biolayer thickness (δa=0.5 nm) caused by tTG-Ca2+ interaction is much smaller than a single protein molecule (normally 1–100 nm). Associated with biolayer thickness and density, a thin dense layer is formed as Ca2+ binds to the tTG protein. Thus, the tTG protein undergoing conformational change on binding Ca2+ is traced and verified as molecular interaction occurs.
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Feiler, Martin, Martin Ziman, Jaroslav Kovac, Anton Kuzma, and Frantisek Uherek. "Design of Optimal SPR-Based Multimode Waveguide Sensor for a Wide Range of Liquid Analytes." Photonics 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060618.
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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors have attracted huge interest due to their ability to provide real-time sensing of a wide range of quantities, while still boasting high sensitivity, low cost, and electromagnetic immunity. Among various types of these sensors, waveguide-based sensors show great promise in terms of integrability into more complex circuits while still maintaining similar sensitivity and versatility as their stand-alone counterparts. This paper presents the results of investigation based on design and simulation of optimal parameters for multimode SPR-based waveguide sensor sensitive to any commonly used liquid analytes. The sensitivity for a wider range of analytes is achieved by utilisation of SiON material platform because refractive index adjustability of SiON offers a way to tailor sensor’s sensitivity to exact applications and analytes. One of the research goals in this work was to show that multi-mode waveguides may be suitable for such sensors with comparable sensitivity and higher transmission rates as single-mode waveguides. To showcase design possibilities, two variations with the same design and material’s refractive index adjustment only were investigated, and their optimal parameters have been found. Sensitivity for all commonly used liquid analytes was validated, with sensitivity rising to 1400 nm/RIU for label-free refractive index sensing, even without the use of any sensitivity-enhancing structures.
17
Rudawska, Anna, Izabela Miturska, Dana Stančeková, and Jacek Mucha. "The strength of traditional and self-pierced riveted joints." MATEC Web of Conferences 244 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824401007.
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The objective of this study is to compare the strength of riveted joints fabricated by traditional riveting (with pre-drilled holes) and self-piercing riveting (SPR) for different types of joints. Riveted joints were produced using steel and aluminum alloy rivets and two types of sheet material: 235JR steel sheet and EN AW 6060 aluminum alloy sheet with the following dimensions: length l = 100 ± 1 mm, width b = 50 ± 1 mm and thickness g = 2 mm. For all tested types of riveted joints (pre-drilled and SPR), 5 sets of joints were fabricated, each set containing 6 samples. The sets of joints differed with respect to the number of rivets (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 rivets), joint type (single-, three- and four-riveted joints) and lap length. For all tested joints, the highest load capacity was obtained for self-pierced riveted joints, while the lowest - for pre-drilled joints with aluminum alloy rivets. In addition, it was found that the shear strength of self-pierced riveted joints is higher than that of aluminum and steel blind rivets.
18
H. Hadi, Ahmed, Firas S. Mohammed, and Sudad Salman AL-Basaam. "Design and simulation of Surface Plasmon Resonance based Solid Core Photonic crystal fiber biosensor." Journal of Kufa-Physics 13, no. 02 (December 10, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130208.
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The purpose of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor is to achieve a maximal sensitivity for the detection of unknown analytes. Outside of the PCF, the chemically stable and inert plasmonic material gold (Au) was utilized. A solid core photonic crystal fibre (SC-PCF) with an endlessly single-mode was designed in this work, with both the centred core and holes in the cladding structured by circles. The SC-PCF was designed with a single solid center core surrounded by a six-ring hexagonal cladding. SC-PCF was measured utilizing the finite element method (FEM) and the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition. The FEM was used to investigate the performance using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The proposed biosensor shows amplitude sensitivity of (167 to 886.38) RIU−1 within the sensing range of (1.3435 to 1.3471). Due to structural simplicity and excellent sensing properties, the proposed PCF can be regarded as a good biosensor.
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Nisha, Ananthan, Pandaram Maheswari, Santhanakumar Subanya, Ponnusamy Munusamy Anbarasan, Karuppaiya Balasundaram Rajesh, and Zbigniew Jaroszewicz. "Ag-Ni bimetallic film on CaF2 prism for high sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor." Photonics Letters of Poland 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i3.1114.
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We present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure based on Kretschmann configuration incorporating bimetallic layers of noble (Ag) and magnetic materials (Ni) over CaF2 prism. Extensive numerical analysis based on transfer matrix theory has been performed to characterize the sensor response considering sensitivity, full width at half maxima, and minimum reflection. Notably, the proposed structure, upon suitably optimizing the thickness of bimetallic layer provides consistent enhancement of sensitivity over other competitive SPR structures. Hence we believe that this proposed SPR sensor could find the new platform for the medical diagnosis, chemical examination and biological detection. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Homola, S.S. Yee, G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on planar light pipe: theoretical optimization analysis", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 54, 3 (1999). CrossRef X.D. Hoa, A.G. Kirk, M. 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Pellaux, T. Gresch, M. Fischer, J. Faist, "Surface Plasmon Resonance sensor showing enhanced sensitivity for CO2 detection in the mid-infrared range", Opt. Express 17, 293 (2009). CrossRef M. Wang, Y. Huo, S. Jiang, C. Zhang, C. Yang,T. Ning, X. Liu, C Li, W. Zhanga, B. Mana, "Theoretical design of a surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity and high resolution based on graphene–WS2 hybrid nanostructures and Au–Ag bimetallic film", RSC Adv. 7, 47177 (2017). CrossRef P.K. Maharana, P. Padhy, R. Jha, "On the Field Enhancement and Performance of an Ultra-Stable SPR Biosensor Based on Graphene", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25, 2156 (2013). CrossRef
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He, Xiao Cong, Dong Zhen, Bao Ying Xing, Kai Zeng, Yan Fang Ding, Feng Shou Gu, and Andrew Ball. "Free Vibration Measurements of Single-Lap Cantilevered SPR Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.33.
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Self-pierce riveting (SPR) is a new high-speed mechanical fastening technique which is suitable for point joining dissimilar materials, as well as coated and pre-painted materials. In this study, an experimental measurement technique was provided for the prediction of the free vibration behavior of single-lap cantilevered SPR beams. The dynamic test software and the data acquisition hardware were used in the experimental measurement of the dynamic response of the single-lap cantilevered SPR Beams. The frequency response functions of the SPR beams of different rivet number were measured and compared. The main goal of the paper is to provide a basis for further research on vibration based non-destructive damage detection in single-lap cantilevered SPR beams.
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Breault-Turcot, J., H. P. Poirier-Richard, M. Couture, D. Pelechacz, and J. F. Masson. "Single chip SPR and fluorescent ELISA assay of prostate specific antigen." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 23 (2015): 4433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc01045d.
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A multi-channel system combining fluidics and micropatterned plasmonic materials with wavelength interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence detection was integrated from the combination of a small and motorized fluorescence microscope mounted on a portable 4-channel SPR instrument.
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Wei, Wei, Jinpeng Nong, Yihong Mei, Changyin Zhong, Guilian Lan, and Weihua Hu. "Single-layer graphene-coated gold chip for enhanced SPR imaging immunoassay." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 273 (November 2018): 1548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.07.074.
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Corbin, Joel C., and Martin Gysel-Beer. "Detection of tar brown carbon with a single particle soot photometer (SP2)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 24 (December 20, 2019): 15673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15673-2019.
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Abstract. We investigate the possibility that the refractory, infrared-light-absorbing carbon particulate material known as “tarballs” or tar brown carbon (tar brC) generates a unique signal in the scattering and incandescent detectors of a single particle soot photometer (SP2). As recent studies have defined tar brC in different ways, we begin by reviewing the literature and proposing a material-based definition of tar. We then show that tar brC results in unique SP2 signals due to a combination of complete or partial evaporation, with no or very little incandescence. Only a subset of tar brC particles exhibited detectable incandescence (70 % by number); for these particles the ratio of incandescence to light scattering was much lower than that of soot black carbon (BC). At the time of incandescence the ratio of light scattering to incandescence from these particles was up to 2-fold greater than from soot (BC). In our sample, where the mass of tar was 3-fold greater than the mass of soot, this led to a bias of <5 % in SP2-measured soot mass, which is negligible relative to calibration uncertainties. The enhanced light scattering of tar is interpreted as being caused by tar being more amorphous and less graphitic than soot BC. The fraction of the tar particle which does incandesce was likely formed by thermal annealing during laser heating. These results indicate that laser-induced incandescence, as implemented in the SP2, is the only BC measurement technique which can quantify soot BC concentrations separately from tar while also potentially providing real-time evidence for the presence of tar. In contrast, BC measurement techniques based on thermal–optical (EC: elemental carbon) and absorption (eBC: equivalent BC) measurements cannot provide such distinctions. The optical properties of our tar particles indicate a material similarity to the tar particles previously reported in the literature. However, more- and less-graphitized tar samples have also been reported, which may show stronger and weaker SP2 responses, respectively.
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Goetz, Georges, Tong Ling, Tushar Gupta, Seungbum Kang, Jenny Wang, Patrick D. Gregory, B. Hyle Park, and Daniel Palanker. "Interferometric mapping of material properties using thermal perturbation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 11 (February 26, 2018): E2499—E2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712763115.
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Optical phase changes induced by transient perturbations provide a sensitive measure of material properties. We demonstrate the high sensitivity and speed of such methods, using two interferometric techniques: quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in transmission and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) in reflection. Shot-noise–limited QPI can resolve energy deposition of about 3.4 mJ/cm2 in a single pulse, which corresponds to 0.8 °C temperature rise in a single cell. OCT can detect deposition of 24 mJ/cm2 energy between two scattering interfaces producing signals with about 30-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and 4.7 mJ/cm2 when SNR is 45 dB. Both techniques can image thermal changes within the thermal confinement time, which enables accurate single-shot mapping of absorption coefficients even in highly scattering samples, as well as electrical conductivity and many other material properties in biological samples at cellular scale. Integration of the phase changes along the beam path helps increase sensitivity, and the signal relaxation time reveals the size of hidden objects. These methods may enable multiple applications, ranging from temperature-controlled retinal laser therapy or gene expression to mapping electric current density and characterization of semiconductor devices with rapid pump–probe measurements.
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Borek, Dominika, Raquel Bromberg, Tabitha Emde, Yirui Guo, Daniel Plymire, Bradley Quade, and Zbyszek Otwinowski. "Correlates of successful structure solution in cryo-EM single-particle reconstruction (SPR)." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a1 (July 30, 2021): a197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321098020.
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Liu, Yunqi, Yudong Yang, Chunxia Wang, Zhishuo Wang, and Jingsong You. "Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed regioselective oxidative annulation of anilines and allylbenzenes via C(sp3)–H/C(sp2)–H bond cleavage." Chemical Communications 55, no. 8 (2019): 1068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09099h.
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As a proof-of-concept, we disclose the rhodium-catalyzed oxidative annulation of anilines with allylbenzenes to afford a variety of indoles, in which the allylic C(sp3)–H activation and directed C(sp2)–H activation are merged into a single approach for the first time.
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Balogun, M., N. Maroya, J. Augusto, A. Ajayi, L. Kumar, B. Aighewi, and R. Asiedu. "Relative efficiency of positive selection and tissue culture for generating pathogen-free planting materials of yam (Dioscorea spp.)." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 1 (March 13, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/117/2016-cjgpb.
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Yams are staples in West Africa. They are propagated from tubers in an informal seed system. This encourages a build-up of diseases, and necessitates the rapid development of a formal seed system where certified seeds are functional. Although few reports exist on the use of meristem culture to generate pathogen-free yam, the success rate for the most economically important species in the sub-region, Dioscorea rotundata, for the most prevalent viruses is inadequate. To generate pathogen-free yam planting materials, the relative efficiency of tissue culture and positive selection was compared. Twenty-one asymptomatic yam plants were positively selected from 8187 stands of five landraces. Five of these stands were tested virus-negative by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Yam mosaic virus (YMV), Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and by PCR for the genus Badnavirus (BV), giving 0.08% success. Single nodes of the positively selected stands were used to establish in vitro plantlets, which were screened onto bacteriological indexing medium. The same was done for meristem- and node-derived plantlets of the improved variety TDr 95/19158. Incidence of endophytes ranged from 18 to 32% in the nodal plantlets while it was 0% in the meristem-derived plantlets. The effect of meristem culture combined with thermotherapy on the virus infection status was determined using virus-tested, one week old in vitro plantlets of eight improved genotypes. These in vitro plantlets were incubated at 36 ± 0.5°C and 16 h photoperiod for 21 days, after which meristems were excised, regenerated into plantlets and re-tested for viruses. Seventy-three percent of the samples were recovered from YMV but the effect on BV was inconsistent. Positive selection can be used as a palliative in generating quality declared seed but meristem culture combined with thermotherapy is more efficient for generating certified seed tubers of yam.
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Lu, Junyan, Tie Li, Jingyu Ma, Zhuqiang Li, and Hongguang Jia. "SAR: Single-Stage Anchor-Free Rotating Object Detection." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 205902–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037350.
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Nomura, Ry�ki, Yasuharu Sekl, and Haruo Matsuda. "Preparation of CuInS2 thin films by single-source MOCVD process using Bu2In(SPr)Cu(S2CNPri 2)." Journal of Materials Chemistry 2, no. 7 (1992): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9920200765.
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Aldossary, Mohammed, Elizabeth M. Roebuck, and Ario Santini. "Bulk Fill Resin Composite Materials Cured with Single-Peak versus Dual-Peak LED LCUs." Acta Medica Marisiensis 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2016-0009.
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AbstractIntroduction: Manufactures claim that recently introduced bulk fill materials (BFM) can be cured adequately in 4 mm increments. This requires adequate light energy to be transmitted through the material to ensure adequate polymerization at the bottom of the increment. Aim: To compare the total light energy transmission through three BFMs and bottom/top (B/T) surface Vickers hardness (VH) when cured with single-peak versus dual-peak LED LCUs.Methods and Materials: Samples (n=5) of two viscous BFMs, Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill X-tra fil® [XF] flowable SureFil, were prepared. A conventional RBC, Tetric EvoCeram® was used as a control. Using MARC® RC, the irradiance delivered to top surface of samples was adjusted to 1200 mW/cm2. Samples were cured with singlepeak EliparTM S10 or dual-peakBluephase® G2 for 10 seconds and irradiance transmitted to the bottom surface measured. Samples were stored for 24 hours, prior to VH measurements B/T VH ratios were calculated. Statistically analysed used oneway ANOVA (α=0.05).Results: There was no statistically significant difference for B/T total energy transmission between materials except XF with EliparTM S10 (P<0.001). Total energy transmission ranged from 0.7 J/cm2 to 1.5 J/cm2. There was no statistically significant difference for B/T VH ratios between materials (P>0.05) when materials were cured with single-peak versus dual-peak LCU’s, XF>SDR>TEC>TBF. TBF alone, did not reach the generally accepted B/T VH of 80%. Conclusions: Both single-peak and dual-peak LCU’s were equally effective for curing the studied bulk fill materials. Manufacture’s recommended total energy delivered to the top surface may not always be sufficient for effective curing.
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Toth, Jeffrey M., Bradley T. Estes, Mei Wang, Howard B. Seim, Jeffrey L. Scifert, A. Simon Turner, and G. Bryan Cornwall. "Evaluation of 70/30 poly (l-lactide-co-d,l-lactide) for use as a resorbable interbody fusion cage." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, no. 4 (November 2002): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.4.0423.
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Object. Titanium lumbar interbody spinal fusion devices are reported to be 90% effective in cases requiring single-level lumbar interbody arthrodesis, although radiographic determination of fusion has been debated. Methods. Using blinded radiographic, biomechanical, histological, and statistical measures, researchers in the present study evaluated a radiolucent 70/30 poly(l-lactide-co-d,l-lactide) interbody fusion device packed with autograft or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein—2 on a collagen sponge in 25 sheep at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A trend of increased fusion stiffness, radiographic fusion, and histologically confirmed fusion was demonstrated at 3 months to 24 months postimplantation. Device degradation was associated with a mild to moderate chronic inflammatory response at all postoperative sacrifice times. Conclusions. Use of this material in interbody fusion may be a viable alternative to metals.
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Zhang, Jie, Huijun Liu, Yun Gao, Xiaohong Xia, and Zhongbing Huang. "The sp2 character of new two-dimensional AsB with tunable electronic properties predicted by theoretical studies." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 37 (2019): 20981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03385h.
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We identify a semiconducting 2D electronic material, single-layer AsB, which has a suitable direct bandgap of 1.18 eV. Its frontiers state is sp2 orbital hybridization, which can be effectively tuned by layer thickness, stacking order and strain.
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Dahlhoff, Annette, Cynthia Morales Cruz, and Michael Raupach. "Influence of Selected Impregnation Materials on the Tensile Strength for Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperatures." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122177.
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Carbon textile reinforced concrete (CTRC) has been investigated in terms of its elevated temperature and fire behavior in order to evaluate the influence of impregnation materials. Elevated temperature tests have already been carried out for material combinations of CTRC. For the tensile strength and the bond behavior between textile reinforcement and concrete, the impregnation of the textile reinforcement is the influencing factor. Impregnation materials such as epoxy-resin (EP) or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) showed a deterioration of the elevated temperature behavior compared to unimpregnated materials. The aim of this paper is to close the research gap on the elevated temperature behavior of carbon textile reinforced specimens impregnated with silicic acid ester, epoxy-resin, and epoxy-resin additionally surface-modified with quartz sand. For this purpose, stationary and transient tensile tests at elevated temperatures up to 1000 °C were performed. Furthermore, thermal analysis of the impregnation materials was performed to analyze the tensile tests by correlating the chemical examination with the experimental test results, and the ignitability of the reinforcements was studied using single flame tests. For the investigated reinforcement materials, the failure temperature of the specimens increases with decreasing tensile strength load level for all test specimens. In comparison to the epoxy-resin impregnation material, the silicic acid ester impregnation resulted in higher failure temperatures for comparable load levels. The decomposition of the impregnation materials proved to be a decisive factor due to comparatively evaluated thermal analysis.
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Ahmed, Muhammad, Gurpreet Kour, Ziqi Sun, Aijun Du, and Xin Mao. "Activating Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Carbon Nanotube via Aryl Functionalisation: The Role of Hybrid sp2–sp3 Interface and Curvature." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142122.
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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a remarkable mechanism which yields the production of hydrogen through a process of water electrolysis. However, the evolution of hydrogen requires highly conductive and stable catalysts, such as the noble metal platinum (Pt). However, the problem lies in the limitations that this catalyst and others of its kind present. Due to limited availability, as well as the costs involved in acquiring such catalysts, researchers are challenged to manufacture catalysts that do not present these limitations. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are nanomaterials, are known to have a wide range of applications. However, specifically, the pristine carbon nanotube is not suitable for the HER due to the binding free energy of its positive H-atoms. Hence, for the first time, we demonstrated the use of the proposed aryl-functionalised catalysts, i.e., Aryl-L@SWCNT (L = Br, CCH, Cl, CO2CH3, F, I, NO2, or t-butyl), along with the effect of the sp2–sp3 hybridised interface through the density functional theory (DFT). We performed calculations of single-walled carbon nanotubes with multiple aryl functional groups. By employing the DFT calculations, we proved that the curvature of the nanotubes along with the proposed aryl-functionalised catalysts had a noteworthy effect on the performance of the HER. Our study opens the door to investigating a promising group of catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.
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Gysel, M., M. Laborde, J. S. Olfert, R. Subramanian, and A. J. Gröhn. "Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 3, 2011): 4937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-4937-2011.
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Abstract. The mass and effective density of black carbon (BC) particles generated from aqueous suspensions of Aquadag and fullerene soot was measured and parametrized as a function of their mobility diameter. The measurements were made by two independent research groups by operating a differential mobility analyser (DMA) in series with an aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) or a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA). Consistent and reproducible results were found in this study for different production lots of Aquadag, indicating that the effective density of these particles is a stable quantity and largely unaffected by differences in aerosol generation procedures and suspension treatments. The effective density of fullerene soot particles from one production lot was also found to be stable and independent of suspension treatments. Some difference to previous literature data was observed for both Aquadag and fullerene soot at larger particle diameters. Knowledge of the exact relationship between mobility diameter and particle mass is of great importance, as DMAs are commonly used to size-select particles from BC reference materials for calibration of single particle soot photometers (SP2), which quantitatively detect the BC mass in single particles.
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Gysel, M., M. Laborde, J. S. Olfert, R. Subramanian, and A. J. Gröhn. "Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 12 (December 22, 2011): 2851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2851-2011.
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Abstract. The mass and effective density of black carbon (BC) particles generated from aqueous suspensions of Aquadag and fullerene soot was measured and parametrized as a function of their mobility diameter. The measurements were made by two independent research groups by operating a differential mobility analyser (DMA) in series with an aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) or a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA). Consistent and reproducible results were found in this study for different production lots of Aquadag, indicating that the effective density of these particles is a stable quantity and largely unaffected by differences in aerosol generation procedures and suspension treatments. The effective density of fullerene soot particles from one production lot was also found to be stable and independent of suspension treatments. Some differences to previous literature data were observed for both Aquadag and fullerene soot at larger particle diameters. Knowledge of the exact relationship between mobility diameter and particle mass is of great importance, as DMAs are commonly used to size-select particles from BC reference materials for calibration of single particle soot photometers (SP2), which quantitatively detect the BC mass in single particles.
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Payer, Michael, Daniel May, Alain Reverdin, and Enrico Tessitore. "Implantation of an empty carbon fiber composite frame cage after single-level anterior cervical discectomy in the treatment of cervical disc herniation: preliminary results." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 98, no. 2 (March 2003): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2003.98.2.0143.
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Object. The authors sought to evaluate retrospectively the radiological and clinical outcome of anterior cervical discectomy followed by implantation of an empty carbon fiber composite frame cage (CFCF) in the treatment of patients with cervical disc herniation and monoradiculopathy. Methods. Twenty-five consecutive patients (12 men, 13 women, mean age 45 years) with monoradiculopathy due to cervical disc herniation were treated by anterior cervical discectomy followed by implantation of an empty CFCF cage. On lateral flexion—extension radiographs segmental stability at a mean follow up of 14 months (range 5–31 months) was demonstrated in all 25 patients, and bone fusion was documented in 24 of 25 patients. The mean anterior intervertebral body height was 3.4 mm preoperatively and 3.8 mm at follow up in 20 patients. In these patients the mean segmental angle (angle between lower endplate of lower and upper vertebra) was 0.9° preoperatively and 3.1° at follow up. In the remaining five patients preoperative images were not retrievable. Self-scored neck pain based on a visual analog scale (1, minimum; 10, maximum) changed from a preoperative average of 5.6 to an average of 2 at follow up; radicular pain was reduced from 7.7 to 2.1 postoperatively. Analysis of the SF12 questionnaires showed a significant improvement in both the physical capacity score (preoperative mean 32.4 points; follow up 46 points) and the mental capacity score (preoperative mean 45.8 points; follow up 57.5 points). Conclusions. Implantation of an empty CFCF cage in the treatment of cervical disc herniation and monoradiculopathy avoids donor site morbidity associated with autologous bone grafting as well as the use of any supplementary material inside the cage. Restoration or maintenance of intervertebral height and thus segmental lordosis and a very high rate of segmental stability and fusion are achieved using this technique.
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Kim, Sunghan, Seokgyu Yoon, Sung Wook Kim, Min‐Soo Choi, Hoilim Kim, Dae‐Young Lee, Seunghyun Moon, and Kyung‐Bae Park. "54‐2: Invited Paper: Novel Display Application beyond OLED: All‐in‐one Sensor Display." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (June 2023): 782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16678.
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Since OLED was first mass‐produced by Samsung Display, various researches related to OLEDs have been actively conducted and now days, People are using OLED displays every single day. As a next generation organic‐optoelectronic display, we suggest the All‐in‐one Sensor Display which can be used for fingerprint recognition, proximity sensor, illuminance sensing and photoplethysmogram which is an area of rapid interest in recent years. To demonstrate the All‐in‐one Sensor Display in entire display area, in this research, we successfully fabricated organic photodetectors (OPDs) in the OLED panels with our own materials, D‐01 and A‐01. Since designing a donor material and an acceptor material is key issue for high Signal to Noise ratio (SNR), we designed and synthesized the D‐01 and A‐01. With our own material based OPDs, All‐in‐one Sensor Display showed good characteristics and successfully recognized fingerprints. This research shows the possibility of the mass production of next organic diode and we believe that All‐in‐one Sensor Display will be the next display application beyond the OLEDs.
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Auguste, Kurtis I., Cynthia Chin, Frank L. Acosta, and Christopher P. Ames. "Expandable cylindrical cages in the cervical spine: a review of 22 cases." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 4, no. 4 (April 2006): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2006.4.4.285.
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Object Expandable cylindrical cages (ECCs) have been utilized successfully to reconstruct the thoracic and lumbar spine. Their advantages include ease of insertion, reduced endplate trauma, direct application/maintenance of interbody distraction force, and one-step kyphosis correction. The authors present their experience with ECCs in the reconstruction of the cervical spine in patients with various pathological conditions. Methods Data obtained in 22 patients were reviewed retrospectively. A standard anterior cervical corpectomy was performed in all cases. Local vertebral body bone was harvested for use as graft material. Patients underwent pre- and postoperative assessment involving the visual analog scale (VAS), Nurick grading system for determining myelopathy disability, and radiographic studies to determine cervical kyphosis/lordosis and cage subsidence. Fusion was defined as the absence of motion on flexion–extension x-ray films. Sixteen patients presented with spondylotic myelopathy, two with osteomyelitis, two with fracture, one with tumor metastasis, and one with severe stenosis. Fourteen patients underwent supplemental posterior spinal fusion, seven underwent single-level corpectomy, and 15 patients underwent multilevel corpectomy. No perioperative complications occurred. The mean follow-up period was 22 months. In 11 patients with preexisting kyphosis (mean deformity +19°), the mean correction was 22°. There was no statistically significant difference in subsidence between single- and multilevel corpectomy or between 360º fusion and anterior fusion alone. The VAS scores improved by 35%, and the Nurick grade improved by 31%. The fusion rate was 100%. Conclusions The preliminary results support the use of ECCs in the cervical spine in the treatment of patients with various disease processes. No significant subsidence was noted, and pain and functional scores improved in all cases. Expandable cylindrical cages appear to be well suited for cervical reconstruction and for correcting sagittal malalignment.
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Wang, Xin, and Teng Li. "A SPARSE-BASED CLUTTER SUPPRESSION METHODOLOGY FOR SINGLE CHANNEL SAR." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 84 (2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm19041103.
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Gibala, D., G. R. Hamed, and J. Zhao. "Tensile Behavior of an SBR Vulcanizate Containing a Single Rubber Particle." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 71, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538514.
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Abstract The effect of a single, embedded rubber particle on the tensile strength of an SBR vulcanizate has been determined. For a given size, a particle taken from an ambient grind resulted in higher strength compared to a sample containing a particle prepared by hand-cutting with a blade. In the former case, fracture initiated within the particle while, in the latter, fracture was interfacial between the particle and matrix. For both types of particles, strength decreased with increased particle size.
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Lohmann, Sven-Hendrik, Kasidet Jing Trerayapiwat, Jens Niklas, Oleg G. Poluektov, Sahar Sharifzadeh, and Xuedan Ma. "sp3-Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Localized Spins." ACS Nano 14, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 17675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c08782.
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He, Xiaowei, Brendan J. Gifford, Nicolai F. Hartmann, Rachelle Ihly, Xuedan Ma, Svetlana V. Kilina, Yue Luo, et al. "Low-Temperature Single Carbon Nanotube Spectroscopy of sp3 Quantum Defects." ACS Nano 11, no. 11 (October 5, 2017): 10785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b03022.
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Askarian, Amirhossein, Jianping Yao, Zhenguo Lu, and Ke Wu. "Leaky-wave radiating surface on heterogeneous high-κ material for monolithic antenna-frontend integration." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 7 (February 21, 2023): 074502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136228.
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In a highly integrated analog radio-over-fiber transceiver, seamless integration of the antenna-frontend is crucial as an antenna is generally implemented on a high-κ material, which is set to highly degrade the antenna's performance. This work is concerned with the radiation behavior improvement of a planar leaky-wave antenna with an inductive partially reflecting surface (PRS) on a high-κ substrate for the development of a highly directive antenna. To begin with, we show how a thin and single-mode resonance (SMR) inductive PRS on high-κ materials in a planar leaky-wave antenna is set to provoke two resonance frequencies (i.e., PRS and cavity resonances) to converge, thereby diminishing the antenna's broadside directivity. By applying an equivalent circuit model, we explain how a multi-mode resonance (MMR) PRS can adequately be applied to address the underlying challenges. Subsequently, the leaky-wave radiation behavior of an antenna with a heterogeneous substrate is investigated and analytical equations are derived and verified with a full-wave simulation. The effects of material permittivity and thickness in a heterogeneous-cavity antenna on leaky-wave performance are investigated using these approximate yet accurate-enough equations. To justify the findings, two 9 × 9 planar leaky-wave antennas are prototyped on heterogeneous substrates based on SMR and MMR PRS and the radiation performances are compared. Our investigations reveal that in the proposed scenario, an MMR PRS can significantly enhance the antenna's broadside directivity by over 4 dBi at the resonance frequency (27.5 GHz), which is also set to improve radiation pattern compared to a SMR-based antenna. Finally, a single-fed dual-band aperture-shared antenna with a large frequency ratio (S-band and Ka-band) is developed and fabricated on a high-κ substrate based on the proposed MMR PRS.
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Abumi, Kuniyoshi, Yasuhiro Shono, Yoshihisa Kotani, and Kiyoshi Kaneda. "Indirect posterior reduction and fusion of the traumatic herniated disc by using a cervical pedicle screw system." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 92, no. 1 (January 2000): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2000.92.1.0030.
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Object. In this study the authors retrospectively review 16 patients with traumatic disc herniation secondary to middle and lower cervical spine injuries who underwent a single posterior reduction and fusion procedure in which a cervical pedicle screw system was used. The study was undertaken to evaluate whether the procedure effectively reduced the disc herniation and whether it can be safely conducted without performing anterior decompressive surgery. Methods. A total of 73 patients with middle and lower cervical spine injuries were identified. In 50 patients, pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained, and disc herniation was defined as the presence of an extruded disc that deformed the thecal sac or nerve roots. Traumatic disc herniation was revealed in 16 patients (32%) who underwent a single posterior reduction/fusion procedure in which a cervical pedicle screw system was used. The average follow-up period was 4.25 years (2–6.25 years). In all patients the average kyphotic deformity was 18°, which was corrected to 0.7° lordosis postoperatively. Anterior translation was reduced from 8 to 0.7 mm. The preoperative disc height ratio of 63% (normal 100%) was improved to 104%. Preoperative MR images revealed traumatic disc herniation in all 16 patients; postsurgery, reduction or reversal of disc herniation was observed in all patients. Thecal sac and/or spinal cord compression had disappeared after indirect decompression was achieved using a posterior procedure. No additional decompressive procedures were required to remove residual herniated disc material. Preoperatively, four patients presented with cervical radiculopathy, 10 with myelopathy (eight incomplete and two complete), and two without neurological symptoms. At final follow up, complete recovery was observed in all four patients with radiculopathy and improvement of at least one Frankel grade was shown in six patients (60%) with myelopathy. There were no cases of neurological deterioration immediately after surgery or during the course of the follow-up period. In all patients solid bone union was demonstrated, and there were no implant-related complications. Conclusions. Traumatic disc herniation may occur frequently in association with injury of the cervical spine. The incidence of traumatic disc herniation in our series was 32%. The cervical pedicle screw system allowed three-dimensional reduction of the injured cervical segment and reduction or reversal of a disc herniation. After surgery, compression of the thecal sac and/or spinal cord had disappeared. The cervical pedicle screw system provides effective and safe fixation of the cervical spine injury—related traumatic disc herniation, and the surgery can be performed safely in a single posteriorapproach procedure without need of additional anterior decompressive interventions.
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Mossahebi, Sina, Pouya Sabouri, Haijian Chen, Michelle Mundis, Matthew O'Neil, Paul Maggi, and Jerimy C. Polf. "Initial Validation of Proton Dose Calculations on SPR Images from DECT in Treatment Planning System." International Journal of Particle Therapy 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14338/ijpt-xx-000xx.1.
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Abstract Purpose To investigate and quantify the potential benefits associated with the use of stopping-power-ratio (SPR) images created from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) images for proton dose calculation in a clinical proton treatment planning system (TPS). Materials and Methods The DECT and single-energy computed tomography (SECT) scans obtained for 26 plastic tissue surrogate plugs were placed individually in a tissue-equivalent plastic phantom. Relative-electron density (ρe) and effective atomic number (Zeff) images were reconstructed from the DECT scans and used to create an SPR image set for each plug. Next, the SPR for each plug was measured in a clinical proton beam for comparison of the calculated values in the SPR images. The SPR images and SECTs were then imported into a clinical TPS, and treatment plans were developed consisting of a single field delivering a 10 × 10 × 10-cm3 spread-out Bragg peak to a clinical target volume that contained the plugs. To verify the accuracy of the TPS dose calculated from the SPR images and SECTs, treatment plans were delivered to the phantom containing each plug, and comparisons of point-dose measurements and 2-dimensional γ-analysis were performed. Results For all 26 plugs considered in this study, SPR values for each plug from the SPR images were within 2% agreement with measurements. Additionally, treatment plans developed with the SPR images agreed with the measured point dose to within 2%, whereas a 3% agreement was observed for SECT-based plans. γ-Index pass rates were > 90% for all SECT plans and > 97% for all SPR image–based plans. Conclusion Treatment plans created in a TPS with SPR images obtained from DECT scans are accurate to within guidelines set for validation of clinical treatment plans at our center. The calculated doses from the SPR image–based treatment plans showed better agreement to measured doses than identical plans created with standard SECT scans.
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Ivanenko, T. V. "Features of the planimetric organization of the endocrine part of the pancreas in hypertensive rats of the SHR line." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 15, no. 3 (November 15, 2022): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.3.259868.
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Analysis of the endocrine structure of the pancreas and assessment of its degree of heterogeneity is key to assessing such important physiological parameters as islet endocrinocyte mass in healthy people or functional reserve of β-cells in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study is to perform a comparative planimetric analysis of pancreatic islets of normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive SHR rats, using the method of double immunofluorescent staining of endocrinocytes. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the pancreas of SHR and Wistar rats. Insulin and glucagon in the islets of the pancreas were determined by immunofluorescence. The immunofluorescence reaction was studied with an AxioImager-M2 fluorescent microscope. Results. Planimetric analysis showed the presence of pancreatic islets of all types in the pancreatic tissue of SHR and Wistar rats. The number of single endocrinocytes in SHR hypertensive animals was 2.3 times higher (P < 0.001), and the number of giant islets was 34.2 % higher (P < 0.001), than in normotensive Wistar rats. The presence of regions in some endocrinocytes, that show immunoreactivity to both hormones at once – insulin and glucagon. Such areas were present in islets of all types of both rat lines, however, the total rates in hypertensive rats of the SHR line were 21.8 % lower (P < 0.001), than in normotensive rats of the Wistar line. Conclusions. Planimetric analysis showed, that the pancreatic islets in normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive SHR rats occupy 1.4 % of the cross-sectional area of the pancreas. In hypertensive rats the SHR line in the gland by 16.9 % larger total area of the material immunoreactive to insulin. In contrast to Wistar rats, the number of single α-endocrinocytes in the pancreas of hypertensive SHR rats was significantly increased.
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Zhao, Chaohua, Hualin Li, Yi Peng, Xiaoyao Jia, and Ali Rahman. "Toughness Behavior of SBR Acrylate Copolymer-Modified Pervious Concrete with Single-Sized Aggregates." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175089.
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Pervious concrete is an eco-efficient concrete but has problems regarding its mechanical performance and permeability balance. This research investigated the feasibility of using a combination of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylate polymer to improve the toughness of pervious concrete while keeping its permeability. Single-sized aggregate and no sand were considered in the concrete mixture. Acrylate polymers with different solid content, PH, density, and viscosity were emulsion copolymerized with an SBR polymer. Eleven scenarios with different mix proportions and 220 specimens for compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural stiffness, impact resistance, and fracture toughness tests were selected to evaluate the effects of the copolymer on the toughness of copolymer-modified pervious concrete (CMPC). The studies showed that (1) the influence trend of the copolymers generally varied according to different mechanical indexes; (2) XG–6001 acrylate polymer mainly and comprehensively enhanced the toughness of the CMPC; (3) it was difficult to increase the enhancing property of the XG–6001 acrylate polymer with the growth of its mix proportion; (4) the zero-sand pervious concrete with 90% SBR and 10% XG–6001 acrylate emulsion copolymerization proved to have relatively high toughness. The proposed CMPC holds promising application value in sustainability traffic road construction.
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Fox, Adam. "‘Little Story Books’ and ‘Small Pamphlets’ in Edinburgh, 1680–1760: The Making of the Scottish Chapbook." Scottish Historical Review 92, no. 2 (October 2013): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2013.0175.
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This article considers the development of the ‘chapbook’ in Scotland between 1680 and 1760. Chapbook is here defined as a publication using a single sheet of paper, printed on both sides, and folded into octavo size or smaller. The discussion focuses on production in Edinburgh which at this time was the centre of the Scottish book trade. While very few works were produced in these small formats in the city before the last quarter of the seventeenth century, the three generations thereafter witnessed their emergence as an important part of the market. This chapbook literature included ‘penny godlies’ and ‘story books’, poems and songs, which had long been staples of the London trade. Indeed, much output north of the border comprised titles pirated from the south. It is suggested, however, that an independent repertoire of distinctively Scottish material also began to flourish during this period which paved the way for the heyday of the nation's chapbook in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Edinburgh trade is shown to be much more extensive than has been appreciated hitherto. Discovery of the testament of Robert Drummond, the Edinburgh printer who died in 1752, reveals that he produced many such works that are no longer extant. It demonstrates not only that a number of classic English chapbooks were being reprinted in Scotland much earlier than otherwise known, but also that an indigenous Scottish output was well established before the reign of George III.
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McGrath, T. F., J. Buijs, A. C. Huet, P. Delahaut, C. T. Elliott, and M. H. Mooney. "Assessment of a multiplexing high throughput immunochemical SPR biosensor in measuring multiple proteins on a single biosensor chip." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 186 (September 2013): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.002.
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