Journal articles: 'Single collector efficiency'

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Karim, M. A., and Z. M. Amin. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SOLAR AIR COLLECTORS." IIUM Engineering Journal 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v16i2.603.

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The purpose of using solar air collectors is to raise the atmospheric air temperature to a temperature which can be used for various low and medium temperature applications. Collector, absorber and airflow arrangement are the most important components in the solar air collector. The performance of the collector depends on its heat loss and the absorber area that is in contact with the airflow. This study involves the theoretical simulation of the effect of mass flow rate on the performance, for flat plate and v-groove collectors that are in single and double pass configurations. Results show that the v-groove double pass air collector has the highest efficiency value of 56% at . The performance is greater than flat plate double pass collector, which has an efficiency of 54% under the same operating conditions.Â KEYWORDS: solar air collector; flat plate collector (fpc); v-groove collector; efficiency; single pass; double pass

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Habtay, Gedion, Maytham A. Al-Neama, Janos Buzas, and Istvan Farkas. "Experimental Performance of Solar Air Heaters for Drying Applications." European Journal of Energy Research 1, no. 5 (December 13, 2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2021.1.5.29.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on an indirect active type of solar dryer, using two distinct solar air collector and their impacts on drying agricultural products. The thermal performance of the proposed collectors has been evaluated using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Experimental observations were done in climatic conditions Gödöllő, Hungary on the 2nd and 9th of October 2017. The experiments were also carried out to dry 2 kg of sliced apples spread over the drying trays. The mas flow rate of air was maintained as 0.038 kg/s and the dryer was operated from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. When a double-pass solar air collector's results are compared to a single-pass solar air collector's, it's evident that the double-pass solar air collector produces much more energy and efficiency. The experimental results showed that single-pass and double-pass collectors have daily efficiencies of 42.77% and 56.10%, respectively, with average exergy efficiency values ranging from 31% to 49% for single-pass and 51% to 67% for double-pass. The most significant aspect determining the collectors' thermal efficiency was the temperature rise between the collector outlet and inlet. The average drying efficiencies of the solar dryer for the single and double-pass collectors were evaluated as 12.16% and 16.45%, respectively. The maximum temperature rise for double-pass was determined to be 20 °C, whereas single-pass was found to be 6.5 °C. Furthermore, the highest drying rate was achieved when sliced apples were dried with a double-pass collector mode. It reduced 52% of the water content in the apple in the same amount of time as single-pass drying, compared to 35% in the case of single-pass drying.

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Wu, Lei, Bin Gao, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, and Yakov A. Pachepsky. "Single Collector Attachment Efficiency of Colloid Capture by a Cylindrical Collector in Laminar Overland Flow." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 16 (July 27, 2012): 8878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es301365f.

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Taqi, Rafal N., Zeina Ali Abdul Redha, and Falah Ibrahim Mustafa. "Experimental Investigation of a Single Basin -Single Slope Solar Still Coupled with Evacuated Tube Solar Collector." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.06.02.

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This work is an experimental investigation for single basin-single slope solar still coupled with an evacuated tube solar collector. The work is carried out under the climatic conditions of Baghdad city (33.2456º North and East latitude, 44.3337º longitude) through certain days of the months of the year 2019 to study the impact of using evacuated tube solar collector on the daily productivity and efficiency under the outdoors climatic conditions. It was found that using the evacuated tube solar collector increase daily productivity from 2.175 kg/ to 2.95 kg/ for 9 hours (35.63 %) for clear days, also an enhancement about 10.97 % in daily efficiency.

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Yazdi, Mohammad H., Evgeny Solomin, Ahmad Fudholi, Ghasem Divandari, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, and Perk Lin Chong. "Thermal Performance of Nanofluid Flow Inside Evacuated Tube Solar Collector." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390424.

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Solar collectors are systems for absorbing the sun's radiant energy and converting it into heat. The working principle of solar collectors are relying on the solar radiation incident upon the transparent surface, and the collected radiation heat is stored within the operating fluid. However, the conventional operating fluid is less than satisfactory in term of promoting the thermal efficiency of solar collector. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to investigate the use of nanofluid as an operating fluid in a single end evacuated solar collector. The expectation is that the flow behavior of nanofluid can lead to the improvement of thermal efficiency of solar collector. The design of solar collector is carried out using Gambit software and the heat transfer characteristics are simulated by nanofluid flow with 1%, 3% and 5% volumes by ANSYS Fluent software. The results demonstrate good agreement with existing experimental results. The numerical analysis shows the improvement of collector performance compared to pure water fluid. The results show that by increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction the efficiency of the collector improves significantly.

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Akram, Shakeel, Farhan Hameed Malik, Rui Jin Liao, Bin Liu, and Tariq Nazir. "Microcontroller Based Single Axis Intelligent Control Sun Tracker for Parabolic Trough Collectors." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1772.

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Due to the complex design and high costs of production, solar thermal systems have fallen behind in the world of alternative energy systems. Different mechanisms are applied to increase the efficiency of the solar collectors and to reduce the cost. Solar tracking system is the most appropriate technology to increase the efficiency of solar collectors as well as solar power plants by tracking the sun timely. In order to maximize the efficiency of collectors, one needs to keep the reflecting surface of parabolic trough collectors perpendicular to the sun rays. For this purpose microcontroller based real time sun tracker is designed which is controlled by an intelligent algorithm using shadow technique. The aim of the research project is to test the solar-to-thermal energy efficiency by tracking parabolic trough collector (PTC). The energy efficiency is determined by measuring the temperature rise of working fluid as it flows through the receiver of the collector when it is properly focused. The design tracker is also simulated to check its accuracy. The main purpose to design this embedded system is to increase the efficiency and reliability of solar plants by reducing size, complexity and cost of product.

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Hengel, Franz, Christian Heschl, Franz Inschlag, and Peter Klanatsky. "System efficiency of PVT-collector driven heat pumps." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600026.

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Standard heat pump (HP) systems with horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHE) are commonly designed based on arbitrary knowledge gained over time and the use of the rule of thumb. Where an undersizing of the HGHE occurs, the HP efficiencies are lowered. Undersizing could result as a consequence of underestimating the soils thermal conductivity. Therefore, this paper considers the combined photovoltaic and solar thermal (PVT) collectors as an extension to standard HP heating systems with a HGHE in single-family houses with the possibility of improving the COP of the HP at a later stage and effortlessly. With the implemented hydronic scheme, the PVT-collector is also used to regenerate the soil around the ground to increase the temperature level of the heat source resulting in improved performance. However, the efficiency potential of the PV-Cells due to active cooling of the modules is analyzed. The results show an increase of the seasonal performance factor (SPF) of 4.1 % and higher electric energy output of 4.4% due to active cooling of the PV-Cells while energy consumption of the regeneration pump is covered.

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Liu, Xiaoyan, Jing Huang, and Qianjun Mao. "Sensitive Analysis for the Efficiency of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Based on Orthogonal Experiment." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/151874.

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A multitude of the researches focus on the factors of the thermal efficiency of a parabolic trough solar collector, that is, the optical-thermal efficiency. However, it is limited to a single or double factors for available system. The aim of this paper is to investigate the multifactors effect on the system’s efficiency in cold climate region. Taking climatic performance into account, an average outlet temperature of LS-2 collector has been simulated successfully by coupling SolTrace software with CFD software. Effects of different factors on instantaneous efficiency have been determined by orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment. After that, the influence degree of different factors on the collector instantaneous efficiency is obtained clearly. The results show that the order of effect extent for average maximal deviation of each factor is inlet temperature, solar radiation intensity, diameter, flow rate, condensation area, pipe length, and ambient temperature. The encouraging results will provide a reference for the exploitation and utilization of parabolic trough solar collector in cold climate region.

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Hassan, Abdulsalam D. M., and Rwaa Alaa Hussein. "The Variation Effect of Collector Tilt Angle on the Heat Pipe Solar Collector Performance." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol6.iss2.88.

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The thermal performance of FPHPSC has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The collector consists of copper absorber plate, single glass cover, glass wool insulation and aluminum case, ten wickless heat pipes of 12.7 mm inner diameter. The experimental studies of collector performance have been performed on four different CTA (22°, 32°, 45° and 60°). The relation between the solar intensity and the collector energy losses are also discussed. The collector are tested under the climate condition of Kut city (32.602 latitude and 45.752 longitude). It is investigated that the increasing of CTA increase the efficiency of collector up to certain limit after that the efficiency decreases with the increasing of tilt angle of collector. A computer program which is based on VISUAL BASICE language (version 6) is made for the theoretical analysis. The experimental results agree reasonably with the theoretical predictions.

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Ji, Xu, Ming Li, Weidong Lin, Tufeng Zheng, and Yunfeng Wang. "Effect of Installation of Solar Collector on Performance of Balcony Split Type Solar Water Heaters." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/865041.

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The influences of surface orientation and slope of solar collectors on solar radiation collection of balcony split type solar water heaters for six cities in China were analyzed by employing software TRNSYS. The surface azimuth had greater effect on solar radiation collection in high latitude regions. For deviation of the surface slope angle within ±20° around the optimized angle, the variation of the total annual collecting solar radiation was less than 5%. However, with deviation of 70° to 90°, the variation was up to 20%. The effects of water cycle mode, reverse slope placement of solar collector, and water tank installation height on system efficiency were experimentally studied. The thermal efficiencies of solar water heater with single row horizontal arrangement all-glass evacuated tubular collector were higher than those with vertical arrangement at the fixed surface slope angle of 90°. Compared with solar water heaters with flat-plate collector under natural circulation, the system thermal efficiency was raised up to 63% under forced circulation. For collector at reverse slope placement, the temperature-based water stratification in water tank deteriorated, and thus the thermal efficiency became low. For improving the system efficiency, an appropriate installation height of the water tank was suggested.

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11

Ozsoy, Ahmet, Sabahattin Demirer, and Nor Maria Adam. "An Experimental Study on Double-Glazed Flat Plate Solar Water Heating System in Turkey." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.204.

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Domestic hot water preparation systems with flat plate solar collectors are widely used in Turkey. In this collector, the temperature difference between the required water temperature and the ambient air temperature increase causes a decrease in the efficiency of the collector. In this study, the use of double glass in order to increase the efficiency of the collector is studied experimentally.The location is in Isparta South West Turkey. Experimental study is conducted in May 2013 at the Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta. The system components are solar simulator, solar collector, tank, circulation pump, flowmeter, thermocouples, data acquisition device and solar sensor. Solar collector system’s operating temperature is 50oC for winter also summer. The difference between the collector temperature and the ambient air temperature exceeds 25oC in many cases, were found to be more efficient double-glazed collectors. When the temperature difference is 40oC, using double glazing collector is 24% more efficient than using single glazing collector.

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Kang, Zhangyang, Zhaoyang Lu, Xin Deng, and Qiongqiong Yao. "Numerical Investigation of a two-inlet PVT air collector." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913605014.

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A numerical study of heat and mass transfer characteristics of a two-inlet PV/T air collector is performed. The influence of thermal characteristics and efficiency is investigated as the area ratios of inlet and outlet of the single channel with two inlets are changed. The design of the two-inlet PV/T air collector can avoid the poor heat transfer conditions of the single inlet PV/T air collector and improve the total photo-thermal efficiency. When the inlet/outlet cross-sectional area ratio is reduced, the inlet air from the second inlet enhances the convection heat transfer in the second duct and the temperature distribution is more uniform. As the cross-sectional area of the second inlet increase, the maximum heat exchange amount of the two-inlet PV/T air collector occurs between the inlet and outlet cross-sectional area ratio L=0.645 and L=0.562.

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13

Kim, Jin-Hee, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Comparison of Electrical and Thermal Performances of Glazed and Unglazed PVT Collectors." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/957847.

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Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors combine photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors, forming a single device that receives solar radiation and produces electricity and heat simultaneously. PVT collectors can produce more energy per unit surface area than side-by-side PV modules and solar thermal collectors. There are two types of liquid-type flat-plate PVT collectors, depending on the existence of glass cover over PV module: glass-covered (glazed) PVT collectors, which produce relatively more thermal energy but have lower electrical yield, and uncovered (unglazed) PVT collectors, which have relatively lower thermal energy with somewhat higher electrical performance. In this paper, the experimental performance of two types of liquid-type PVT collectors, glazed and unglazed, was analyzed. The electrical and thermal performances of the PVT collectors were measured in outdoor conditions, and the results were compared. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the glazed PVT collector is higher than that of the unglazed PVT collector, but the unglazed collector had higher electrical efficiency than the glazed collector. The overall energy performance of the collectors was compared by combining the values of the average thermal and electrical efficiency.

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Chang, M. J., and J. A. Roux. "Parabolic Solar Collector With Glass Pipe and Black Fluid." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268079.

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A glass pipe and an absorbing black fluid were combined with a parabolic solar reflector into a solar collector. Thermal efficiencies for three different types of receivers with a parabolic trough solar reflector were compared: (1) single glass pipe with black fluid, (2) concentric annulus glass pipes with black fluid, and (3) black-painted copper tubing. The single glass pipe with a black working fluid performed best experimentally. The single glass pipe with a black fluid was better than the black painted copper tube by an average value of 5 percent absolute system efficiency or 14 percent on a total energy absorbed basis. Mass flow rate and wind speed were analytically found to be significant. The black fluid solar collector was found to have an optimum system efficiency for a blackening agent concentration of 15 ml per gallon of water. A numerical lumped heat capacity model was used to compare with the experimental data.

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Messina, Francesca, Daniele Luca Marchisio, and Rajandrea Sethi. "An extended and total flux normalized correlation equation for predicting single-collector efficiency." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 446 (May 2015): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.024.

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Gebremicheal, Gedion Habtay, Janos Buzas, and István Farkas. "Performance Evaluation of Solar Air Collector by Chimney Effect for Drying Applications." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2021-0027.

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Abstract Solar air collector is one of the main components of a solar dryer unit, which supplies the conditioned air for processing the perishable edible items. Various techniques have been employed to improve the thermal efficiency of the collector system, such as extended surfaces, packed beds, artificial roughness, etc., however, the cost of construction is higher. Therefore, this study was focussed on the collector efficiency enhancement using a chimney without applying the aforementioned. A single-pass solar air collector coupled with drying chamber and chimney was utilized for the experiments. The experiments were conducted in September. The average values of the solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature, temperatures inside the dryer, collector efficiency were graphically presented. The experimental data reported the maximum values of the outlet temperatures for the solar air collector with and without a chimney to be 52.8 °C and 57 °C, respectively. The collector thermal efficiency with and without the chimney was found to vary from 29.6% to 64.8% and from 26.9% to 44.8%, respectively. Furthermore, it was noticed that, with the chimney, the temperature inside the dryer showed uniform tendency.

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Jang, Min-Ho, Yong-Ho Choi, Heung-Joe Jung, Yong-Hoon Jeong, and Dong-Heui Kwak. "Feasibility Evaluation on Single-Collector Collision Model to Separate Microplastics in Micro Bubble Flotation Process." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.1.10.

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Objectives:The single collector collision (SCC) model is a model that predicts the separation efficiency of particles based on the collision efficiency between microbubbles and particles in the particle separation process. In order to remove micro-plastics (MPs) particles, which have recently been known to be harmful, we tried to analyze the impact and separation efficiency of MPs based on the SCC model and evaluate its application feasibility.Methods:Based on the SCC model, the collision efficiency prediction for MPs particle removal was simulated and the separation efficiency was evaluated. In addition, a series of flotation experiments were conducted using a flotation device that injects microbubbles to remove MPs particles suspended in water, and the experimental results and predicted values were compared.Results and Discussion:Using the SCC model, the collision efficiency according to the size distribution of MPs particles was not significantly different from that of typical particles (clay, kaolin) in water. Based on this collision efficiency, the maximum removal efficiency of MPs particles separated from the water body is predicted to reach about 90%. On the other hand, the initial collision-adhesion coefficient () of the MPs particles based on the SCC model was 0.03 to 0.1, showing a slight difference from the clay particles having the range of 0.3 to 0.4. The flotation separation efficiency of the MPs particles evaluated and predicted by applying this initial collision-adhesion coefficient showed a range similar to the measured value. In addition, the particle separation efficiency according to the increase of the measured bubble volume concentration to improve the particle separation efficiency also showed a pattern similar to the predicted value.Conclusions:In the flotation process, the initial collision-adhesion efficiency of the MPs particles predicted by the SCC model was lower than that of the kaolin particles. Based on the simple and simple model SCC theory, it was confirmed that it can be applied to the flotation separation analysis of MPs particles.

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Lu, Yan Qing, En Dian Hu, and Zhong Xian Yuan. "Collector Design of Tracking System Based on PLC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.347.

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This article describes the Parabolic trough solar collector design of single-axis tracking system based on PLC, Siemens S7-300 as a controller, using a complex mathematical model, based on the special climate of Western Region, select the single-axis design process, greatly reduced cost, collectors need only be completed that automatically tracks the sun azimuth. Feedback device selection angle sensor, light intensity sensor and sun sensor, strain two conditions that cloudy and sunny, which greatly improves the efficiency of the collector, the better to achieve real-time tracking grasp the situation.

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Khalili, Noran Nur Wahida, Mahmod Othman, Mohd Nazari Abu Bakar, and Lazim Abdullah. "Modelling of a Single Passage Air PV/T Solar Collector: Experimental and Simulation Design." Processes 8, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070763.

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The hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector has attracted research attention for more than five decades. Its capability to produce thermal energy simultaneously with electrical energy is considered attractive since it provides higher total efficiency than stand-alone photovoltaic or thermal systems separately. This paper describes theoretical and experimental studies of a finned single pass air-type photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector. The performance of the system is calculated based on one dimensional (1D) steady-state analysis using one dimensional energy balance equations, where simulation was carried out using MATLAB. Experiments were carried out to observe the performance of the solar collector under changes in air mass flow rate. Experimental values on photovoltaic panel temperature and air temperature on both air inlet and outlet, together with the ambient temperature and solar radiation were measured. The simulation results were validated against the results obtained from experiments using the error analysis method, Root Mean Square Error. At a solar irradiance level of 800 to 900 W/m2, the thermal efficiency increases to 20.32% while the electrical efficiency increases to 12.01% when the air mass flow rate increases from 0.00015 kg/s to 0.01 kg/s. The error analysis shows that both experimental and simulation results are in good agreement.

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Misra, R. S. "Modeling of Natural Convection Non Reversible Single Pass Pressurized and Non Pressurized Solar Hot Water Systems for Domestic Applications." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 3 (2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.331505.

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This paper mainly deals with the problem of reverse flow and explicit expressions have been presented which shows that the placement of hot water storage tank above the collector helps to eliminates reverse flow and it was observed that if tank is kept very high above the collector then there is always some flow of liquid through the collector especially if the outlet of the collector is connected near the middle of the storage tank. This is due to considerable heat losses resulting poor thermal efficiency of the system. The new design based on single and multi pass systems for domestic hot water systems which completely eliminate reverse flow problems have been forwarded and studies in details. The single pass systems besides avoiding reverse flow has two distinct features: (i) Allows the place the main water storage tank at any desirable place (even below the collector) (ii) Water is obtained at pre-determined temperature irrespective of insolation levels. The numerical calculations for single pass natural convection pressurized solar hot water systems meander tube fluid flow channel absorber, serpentine tube collectors and for non pressurized thermosyphonic solar hot water systems using parallel tube absorber were performed. The experimental measurements on such modified systems were performed manually by noting thermosyphonic flow rate and temperatures at every half hours time interval. The theoretical results matches well with experimental results. It was found that the non pressurized solar hot water systems using parallel tube absorber have average thermal efficiency of 41 % in the single pass and 27. 3 % in the multi-pass modes. The system efficiency of pressurized solar hot water systems using meander tube absorber are 30 % in single pass mode and 20 % in the multi pass mode due to higher temperature of absorber and higher heat losses from absorber in pressurized solar hot water systems.

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Xu, Shu Hui, Jian Kai Wang, Feng Jiao Zhang, and Mei Yu Yan. "Study on Evacuated Tubular Solar Air Collector with Inserted Tubes." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.103.

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This paper aims to study the heat collecting efficiency of the solar air collector with ten groups of single pipe in parallel. The simulations and experimental verification are carried out to obtain the best angle and air inlet flow rate. The result is that when the angle of the collector is 45 °and the inlet flow rate is 48.6 m3/h (2.7 m/s), the heating effect is the best for the solar air collector we have studied in this article. The average collection efficiency of it during stable operation can reach 65%.The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. In practical application the results can provide a theoretical foundation to choose the appropriate flow rate and angle of the collector.

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Fudholi, Ahmad, Muhammad Zohri, Ivan Taslim, Fitrotun Aliyah, and Arthur Gani Koto. "Heat transfer and efficiency of dual channel PVT air collector: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2037-2045.

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Solar energy is free, renewable and environment friendly and has been widely used in electricity generation and thermal energy through photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system. A PVT collector is a combination of a PV panel and a thermal collector in a single unit to simultaneously generate electricity and thermal energy. In this review, mathematical models for dual channel PVT air collectors is presented. This review presents various research and development, as well as heat transfer and thermal modelling of dual channel PVT air collectors. Moreover, various mathematical models that evaluate the performances base on energy and exergy analysis of dual channel PVT air collectors are presented. Energy balance is the basic concept in developing the mathematical models. Generally, steady-state one-dimensional linear first-order differential equations were reported for solution of mathematical model. Energy and exergy efficiencies of dual channel PVT air collectors were 22.5%–67% and 3.9%-58%, respectively.

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Messina, Francesca, Tiziana Tosco, and Rajandrea Sethi. "On the failure of upscaling the single-collector efficiency to the transport of colloids in an array of collectors." Water Resources Research 52, no. 7 (July 2016): 5492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016wr018592.

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Afolabi, Lukmon Owolabi, Hussain Hamoud Al-Kayiem, and Tesfamichael Baheta Aklilu. "Performance Analysis of Integrated Collector System with Immersed Coil Heat Exchanger." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.740.

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The performance of integrated solar collector / thermal energy storage with immersed heat exchanger was investigated experimentally at the Solar Research Site, University Technology PETRONAS, (4.4224oN, 100.9904oE), Malaysia. The experimental set up consisted of 150 liters storage tank capacity with immersed coil heat exchanger, single glazing 1.5m2 flat plate collector with 15o tilt to the horizontal. The circulation of the working fluid was by forced in closed loop with a mini solar pump. Aluminum cell foam was attached to the absorber as extended surface. The surface of the collector was coated with black ornament to improve its absorption. The system was tested under clear skys, for two cases; with and without water drawn-off for seven days per case studied. The performance evaluation data obtained for case1 at the mean maximum solar intensity was 503.98 W/m2 were: maximum daily water temperature 63°C, average daily water temperature 46°C, collector efficiency 63% and system efficiency 43%. Whilst for case 2, the mean maximum solar intensity was 473.11 W/m2, the maximum daily water temperature 54°C, average daily water temperature 39.36°C, collector efficiency 54% and system efficiency 39%. The system efficiency for case 2 showed that the heat exchanger performed slighlty better and the water drawn-off effect is minimal.

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Budiman, Ivan, I. Made Kartika, and Abrar Riza. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN UNJUK KERJA PEMANAS AIR TENAGA SURYA TIPE PLAT DATAR DENGAN SISTEM SINGLE DAN DOUBLE CUTOFF." POROS 14, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v14i1.829.

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Abstract: Warm water is needed by human being to take a bath, wash their clothes, their dishes etc. By the photothermal conversion, the solar energy can be used to heat the water. Flat solar collector is a tool which is used to capture energy of the sun radiation then convert it into heat to heat up water in collector’s pipes. The number of glass cover used effects the performance and efficiency of the collector. From this research, it is found that the efficiency of the collector is better when the cover used are two glasses than one glasses. The temperature difference of incoming and outgoing water in the collector using two glasses 15 ̊C higher than that of one glass.

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Chabane, Foued, Noureddine Moummi, Said Benramache, Djamel Bensahal, and Okba Belahssen. "Collector Efficiency by Single Pass of Solar Air Heaters with and without Using Fins." Engineering Journal 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2013.17.3.43.

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Tufenkji, Nathalie, and Menachem Elimelech. "Correlation Equation for Predicting Single-Collector Efficiency in Physicochemical Filtration in Saturated Porous Media." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 2 (January 2004): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es034049r.

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Yousef, B. A. A., and N. M. Adam. "Performance analysis for flat plate collector with and without porous media." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 19, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2008/v19i4a3336.

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The present work involves a theoretical study to investigate the effect of mass flow rate, flow channel depth and collector length on the system thermal performance and pressure drop through the collec-tor with and without porous medium. The solution procedure is performed for flat plate collector in sin-gle and double flow mode. The analysis of the results at the same configuration and parameters shows that the system thermal efficiency increases by 10-12% in double flow mode than single flow due to the increased of heat removal, and increase by 8% after using porous medium in the lower channel as a result of the increase of heat transfer area. At the same time the pressure drop will be increased. All collectors show improved efficiency obtained when the collector operates at relatively high flow rates, and at relatively low collector tem-perature rise since the collector losses will be less in low temperature difference.

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Hassan, Abdulsalam D. M., and Rwaa Alaa Hussein. "The Effect of Cooling Water Mass Flow Rate Variations on the Heat Pipe Solar Collector Performance." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 5, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol5.iss2.56.

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The thermal performance of FPHPSC has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The collector consists of copper absorber plate, single glass cover, glass wool insulation and aluminum case. Ten wickless heat pipes of 12.7 mm inner diameter. The experimental studies of collector performance have been performed on four different CWMFR (0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06) kg/s. The relation between the amount of useful heat, instantaneous collector efficiency and solar intensity is discussed. The collector are tested under the climate condition of Kut city (32.6 latitude and 45.7 longitude). It is investigated that the increasing of CWMFR increase the efficiency of the collector. The percentage increase in the efficiency of the solar collector is in order of (13%), when the cooling water mas flow rate changes from 0.03 kg/sec to 0.06 kg/sec at (45o) collector tilt angle. A computer program based on VISUAL BASIC language (version 6) used for the theoretical analysis. The experimental results are in agreement reasonably with the theoretical predictions.

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Chow, T. T., J. Ji, and W. He. "Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector System for Domestic Application." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (June 27, 2006): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2711474.

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Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems integrate photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies into one single system with dual production of electricity and heat energy. A typical arrangement is the direct attachment of PV modules onto a solar thermal collector surface. For a given collector surface area, the overall system energy performance is expected higher than the conventional “side-by-side” PV and solar thermal systems. In the development of PV/T collector technology using water as the coolant, the most common design follows the sheet-and-tube thermal absorber concept. Fin performance of the thermal absorber has been identified as one important factor that affects much the overall energy performance of the collector. Accordingly, an aluminum-alloy flat-box type PV/T collector prototype was constructed and tested in Hong Kong. Our test results indicate that a high combined thermal and electrical efficiency can be achieved. The primary-energy-saving efficiency for daily exposure approaches 65% at zero reduced temperature operation. With a simple and handy design, the product is considered to be very suitable for domestic application.

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Kim, Sang-Myung, Jin-Hee Kim, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Experimental Study on the Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of an Air-Based Photovoltaic Thermal Collector." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142661.

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A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is a technology that combines photovoltaics (PV) and a solar thermal collector to produce thermal energy and generate electricity. PVT systems have the advantage that the energy output per unit area is higher than the single use of a PV module or solar thermal collector, since both heat and electricity can be produced and used simultaneously. Air-based PVT collectors use air as the heat transfer medium and flow patterns are important factors that affect the performance of the PVT collector. In this study, the thermal and electrical performance and characteristics of an air-based PVT collector were analyzed through experiments. The PVT collector, with bending round-shaped heat-absorbing plates, which increase the air flow path, has been developed to improve the thermal performance. The experiment was done under the test conditions of ISO 9806:2017 for the thermal performance analysis of an air-based PVT collector. The electrical performance was analyzed under the same conditions. In the results, it can be found that the inlet flow rate of the PVT collector considerably affects the thermal efficiency. It was analyzed that as the inlet flow rate increased from 60 to 200 m3/h, the thermal efficiency increased from 29% to 42%. Then, the electricity efficiency was also analyzed, where it was determined that it was improved according to operating condition of PVT collector.

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Glicksman, L. R., J. Azzola, and J. Modlin. "Fluidized Bed Solar Collector." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268274.

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An air fluidized bed, contained in the wall cavity of an exterior building wall, forms the basis of a new solar collector design which is simpler than a water-cooled collector and has a thermal performance superior to that of an air-cooled collector. The fluidized bed serves as an intermediate heat transfer medium between a solar flux absorbed on the external building surface and a liquid thermal transfer loop. Fluidized beds yield heat-transfer coefficients an order of magnitude higher than single phase air flow. Low density particles are used in the bed to minimize power consumption. When defluidized, the bed acts as a good thermal insulator. Recent experimental results are presented for the heat-transfer coefficients of the immersed tubes, bounding walls, the effective conductivity of the bed, and the overall full-scale thermal design efficiency for various low density materials. Structural and power consumption performance is examined as well. An integrated fluidized bed solar collector design is proposed and compared with representative water and air collector designs.

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Zwalnan, Selfa Johnson, Gideon Ayuba Duvuna, Yousif Abdalla Abakr, and Tiyamike Banda. "Design and Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Temperature Flat Plate Solar Collector." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33213.

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The standard flat-plate solar collector utilises a single copper tube to remove the absorber plate’s heat. This type of collector’s primary purpose is to provide hot water for a single application. Hot water can be required for different applications at different temperatures. Besides, using the standard collector’s configuration may increase thermal demand and increase the collector’s size. Therefore, this study proposes a novel solar water heating configuration that uses three in-line fluid passages. The goal is to design a single collector that provides hot water for various uses: Sterilisation, washing, and postnatal care. Thus, the proposed system was modelled, and a numerical simulation conducted. This analysis compares the proposed system’s output and the standard collector’s output. The results showed that the thermal load demand was reduced by 27% when the hot water demand for these services was generated using three separate tanks. The serpentine collector’s efficiency with three fluid passages is increased by 20% compared to the traditional serpentine collector. The thermal energy delivered to meet load was 30% higher than that of the traditional serpentine system. The experimental and simulated system performance is in near agreement with an average percentage error Cv(RMSE) of 8.75% and confidence level NSE of about 87%. Since the proposed serpentine collector has a higher overall thermal production, it is recommended for use with hot water, which has to be heated to different temperatures.

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Kang, Zhangyang, Zhaoyang Lu, Gangfu Song, and Qiongqiong Yao. "A Numerical Study of Dual-Inlet Air-Cooled PV/T Solar Collectors with Various Airflow Channel Configurations." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169897.

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The multi-inlet air-cooled photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology not only avoids the poor heat transfer conditions of single-inlet PV/T air collectors but also reduces photovoltaic (PV) peak temperature and improves solar energy utilization. Since air-cooled PV/T collectors use no more than three inlets, the increase in thermal efficiency is significantly more effective. Therefore, a numerical analysis of an air-cooled PV/T solar collector with two side inlets was performed. The heat transfer efficiency and flow characteristics were then investigated for various air channel configurations. Increasing the area of the second inlet improves thermal and electrical efficiency. As the length ratio of the front and rear airflow channels is reduced, the average outlet temperature first decreases and then increases. The heat-exchanging quantity of the dual-inlet air-cooled PV/T collector is minimal. The thermal efficiency of the dual-inlet air-cooled PV/T collector can be elevated by increasing the angle between the solar panel and the bottom plate. However, the average temperature of the solar panels is increased and the photoelectric conversion efficiency decreased. This design will achieve a reduction in carbon emissions and an increase in the proportion of clean energy in a low- or zero-carbon green building.

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Mahamude, Abu Shadate Faisal, Muhamad Kamal Kamarulzaman, Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun, Kumaran Kadirgama, Devarajan Ramasamy, Kaniz Farhana, Rosli Abu Bakar, Talal Yusaf, Sivarao Subramanion, and Belal Yousif. "A Comprehensive Review on Efficiency Enhancement of Solar Collectors Using Hybrid Nanofluids." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041391.

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Because of its potential to directly transform solar energy into heat and energy, without harmful environmental effects such as greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid nanofluid is an efficient way to improve the thermal efficiency of solar systems using a possible heat transfer fluid with superior thermo-physical properties. The object of this paper is the study the latest developments in hybrid applications in the fields of solar energy systems in different solar collectors. Hybrid nanofluids are potential fluids with better thermo-physical properties and heat transfer efficiency than conventional heat transfer fluids (oil, water, ethylene glycol) with single nanoparticle nanofluids. The research found that a single nanofluid can be replaced by a hybrid nanofluid because it enhances heat transfer. This work presented the recent developments in hybrid nanofluid preparation methods, stability factors, thermal improvement methods, current applications, and some mathematical regression analysis which is directly related to the efficiency enhancement of solar collector. This literature revealed that hybrid nanofluids have a great opportunity to enhance the efficiency of solar collector due to their noble thermophysical properties in replace of conventional heat transfer working fluids. Finally, some important problems are addressed, which must be solved for future study.

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Chinnasamy, Subramaniyan, Subramani Jothirathinam, Kalidasan Balasubramanian, Anbuselvan Natarajan, Thangaraj Yuvaraj, Natarajan Prabaharan, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Investigation on the Optical Design and Performance of a Single-Axis-Tracking Solar Parabolic trough Collector with a Secondary Reflector." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179918.

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The design of solar concentrating collectors for the effective utilization of solar energy is a challenging condition due to tracking errors leading to different divergences of the solar incidence angle. To enhance the optical performance of solar parabolic trough collectors (SPTC) under a diverged solar incidence angle, an additional compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is introduced as a secondary reflector. SPTC with CPC is designed and modeled for a single axis-tracking concentrating collector based on the local ambient conditions. In this work, the optical performance of the novel SPTC system with and without a secondary reflector is investigated using MATLAB and TRACEPRO software simulations for various tracking errors. The significance parameters such as the solar incidence angle, aperture length, receiver tube diameter, rim angle, concentration ratio, solar radiation, and absorbed flux are analyzed. The simulation results show that the rate of the absorbed flux on the receiver tube is significantly improved by providing the secondary reflector, which enhances the optical efficiency of the collector. It is found that the optical efficiency of the SPTC with a secondary reflector is 20% higher than the conventional collector system for a solar incidence angle of 2°. This work can effectively direct the choice of optimal secondary reflectors for SPTC under different design and operating conditions.

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Gowda, Narasimhe, B. Putta Bore Gowda, R. Chandrashekar, G. Ugrasen, and R. Keshavamurthy. "Experimental Investigation of Evacuated Tube Solar Collector with Annular Heat Exchanger." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2355.

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Now-a-days evacuated tubes solar water heaters are increasingly use in South India because of good thermal efficiency and high water temperature could be achievable as compared to flat plate solar collectors. Low manufacturing and maintenance cost also attract people to go for evacuated tube solar water heaters. This paper reports experimental results of two types of evacuated tube solar water heaters. To evaluate the performance of evacuated tube solar water heater, single-phase forced system and two-phase closed forced systems were considered. In two-phase closed system sunflower oil was used as working fluid to heat water. Throughout the study two-phase closed system shows better performance compared to single-phase open collector system and their efficiency almost 10 to 12% higher. But, because of high initial cost of two-phase system, the pay back periods of both collector systems is almost same. In two phased closed system higher temperature of water could be achieved, which is very useful to operate advanced system.

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Liu, Yu, Xiao Yan He, Shen Liu, Ying Wu, and Yi Ou. "A Novel Broadband Vibration Energy Harvester." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3560.

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A single resonance frequency is the main factor of limiting vibration energy collector efficiency. In this paper, the multi degree of freedom oscillation adjusting bandwidth scheme is reported, designing a kind of new broadband vibration energy harvester, which has multi-mode energy acquisition, multi freedom vibration and broadband characteristics. Firstly, Broadband energy collector structure design. Secondly, Combining with the main vibration form, using the ANSYS carried out a detailed analysis of its working model. Finally, designing the prototype and doing some experimental verification, the results show that the designed energy collector with low frequency and wideband energy acquisition performance, the frequency domain of energy collection is 57.6 to 69.45HZ ,which break through the bottleneck of traditional single resonance frequency of energy acquisition, has a high value of theory and engineering application.

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Choi, E. M., A. J. Cerfon, I. Mastovsky, M. A. Shapiro, J. R. Sirigiri, and R. J. Temkin. "Efficiency Enhancement of a 1.5-MW, 110-GHz Gyrotron with a Single-Stage Depressed Collector." Fusion Science and Technology 52, no. 2 (August 2007): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst07-a1511.

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Li, Jing, Xiaohu Xie, and Subhasis Ghoshal. "Correlation Equation for Predicting the Single-Collector Contact Efficiency of Colloids in a Horizontal Flow." Langmuir 31, no. 26 (June 23, 2015): 7210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01034.

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Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina, Maciej Sibiński, Marian Cholewa, Maciej Klein, Katarzyna Znajdek, and Adam Cenian. "Tests and theoretical analysis of a pvt hybrid collector operating under various insolation conditions." Acta Innovations, no. 26 (January 1, 2018): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.26.7.

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The main goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between the orientation of the PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) collector and the thermal and electric power generated. Extensive research was performed to find optimal tilt angles for hybrid solar thermal collectors, which combine photovoltaic as well as thermal collection in a single unit, known as PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) modules for an office building with working hours between 7.00 and 16.00. The comprehensive study included field measurements of the modules in central Poland and tests under AM (air mass) 1.5 conditions in a certified laboratory KEZO (Centre for Energy Conversion and Renewable Resources) Polish Academy of Sciences in Jablonna. Furthermore, a PVT system was investigated using the simulation method based on the dedicated Polysun software. The PV characteristics and efficiency of the PV module and the relation between power or efficiency of the PVT module and incidence angle of solar-irradiance were studied. Optimal work conditions for commercial PVT modules were ascertained. In addition, it was found that the maximum efficiencies of PV module (ηPV), solar thermal-collector (ηc) and PVT hybrid collector (ηPVT) registered under field conditions were higher than the ones measured under laboratory conditions.

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Choi, Hwi-Ung, and Kwang-Hwan Choi. "Performance Evaluation of PV/T Air Collector Having a Single-Pass Double-Flow Air Channel and Non-Uniform Cross-Section Transverse Rib." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092203.

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In the present work, the electrical and thermal performances of a newly designed PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) air collector, which was proposed and fabricated by the author, have been investigated experimentally in the natural weather conditions. The PV/T air collector has a single-pass double-flow air channel. Also, a non-uniform cross-section transverse rib was attached at the back surface of the PV (photovoltaic) module to improve the heat transfer performance between the PV module and flowing air. The experiment was carried out in an outdoor field on a clear day with various air mass flow rates ranges from 0.0198 kg/s to 0.07698 kg/s. In the results, it was found that the average thermal efficiency of the PV/T collector increased from 35.2% to 56.72% as the air mass flow rate increased. The average electrical efficiency also increased from 14.23% to 14.81% with an increase in an air mass flow rate, but the effect of air mass flow rate on the increase in electrical efficiency was inconsiderable. The average overall efficiency, which represents the sum of electrical and thermal efficiencies, was in the range of 49.44% to 71.54% and it increased as the air mass flow rate increased. The maximum value of average overall efficiency during the test period was found to be 71.54% at an air mass flow rate of 0.07698 kg/s. From the results, it was confirmed that the newly designed PV/T air collector provides a significant enhancement in solar energy utilization.

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Kowalczyk-Juśko, Alina, and Paweł Roczeń. "Efficiency of functioning solar collectors in selected households." E3S Web of Conferences 171 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017101006.

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The article presents the results of research on the efficiency of the solar collector system in south-eastern Poland. The basis of the article are the results of actual measurements recorded by the system measuring in 5 years (2014-2018). Three solar collectors with a total gross area of 6.3 m2 are used to heat utility water in a single-family house. The average annual heat production in this system was 1916 kWh. The system’s work was characterized by high seasonal and daily variability, which is related to the Polish climate’s specificity. Using the energy production data, the reduction of pollutant emissions achieved by changing the energy carrier was calculated: from electricity to heat from a renewable source, which is solar radiation. The installation of solar collectors allowed for satisfying part of the energy demand as well as reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere.

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Fudholi, Ahmad, Muhammad Zohri, Ivan Taslim, Merita Ayu Indrianti, and Intan Noviantari Manyoe. "Theoretical approach model of building integrated photovoltaic thermal air collector." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1002-1010.

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Over recent years the photovoltaic technology has obtained signiﬁcant development, especially in building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) system. Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collectors are advantageous because of their efficiency. Various studies have been conducted to determine the ideal parameters of PVT air collectors. Few theoretical approach models of PVT air collector systems were used to help detect occurrences in a PVT collector system and calculate the optimal parameters. The heat transfer and energy balance of PVT air collectors were analysed and reviewed based on the model, quantity of cover, channels and forms of the collector. A mathematical model was developed to describe actual working situations and to examine new shut PVT collectors. The first law of thermodynamics is the principal equation in the model. Different analysis methods were utilised to evaluate PVT performances, which are generally based on energy and exergy analyses. This review focuses on theoretical approach model of single-pass PVT air collector.

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Prakash, Om, Asim Ahmad, Anil Kumar, Rajeshwari Chatterjee, Somnath Chattopadhyaya, Shubham Sharma, Aman Sharma, Changhe Li, and Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin. "Performance Analysis, and Economic-Feasibility Evaluation of Single-Slope Single-Basin Domestic Solar Still under Different Water-Depths." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 8517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228517.

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The impact of single-slope solar still with and without flat-plate collector was evaluated experimentally and numerically. Experimental analysis was conducted for four different water depths (3, 6, 9, 12 cm) in on-sunshine hours between 11 AM to 5 PM in Bhopal (23.2599° N, 77.4126° E), India. The thermo efficiency was 51.31% for 3 cm water depth while 24.29% for 12 cm water depth in an active mode of operation. In the case of passive mode, the thermo efficiency was 17.02% for 3 cm water depth and 6.77% for 12 cm water depth. The average exergy efficiency of single-slope solar still is 66.60% for 3 cm depth which is higher than 12 cm depth, i.e., 23.14%. The hourly variation parameters of solar still were also calculated and analyzed. The overall results obtained in the analysis state that solar still performs effectively when coupled with a flat-plate solar collector. According to econometric evaluation, the fabrication expense of a single-slope solar-basin-still is 126.43$ whereas the cost of producing distilled water per day is 1.61$, and the payback period of a single-slope solar-basin-still with FPC is 17.53 months. In a nutshell, the single-slope solar-basin-still design is commercially viable, functional, and technically sustainable, minimizing manufacturing costs in comparison with a traditional solar still, and past findings. The proposed solar still produced remarkable results in all experimental trials.

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Varghese, Jaji, Gajanan Awari, and Mahendra Singh. "Experimental analysis of distinct design of a batch solar water heater with integrated collector storage system." Thermal Science 11, no. 4 (2007): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0704135v.

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The performance of a new design of batch solar water heater has been studied. In this system, the collector and storage were installed in one unit. Unlike the conventional design consisting of small diameter water tubes, it has a single large diameter drum which serves the dual purpose of absorber tube and storage tank. In principle it is a compound parabolic collector. The drum is sized to have a storage capacity of 100 liter to serve a family of four persons. The tests were carried out with a single glass cover and two glass covers. The tests were repeated for several days. Performance analysis of the collector has revealed that it has maximum mean daily efficiency with two glass covers as high as 37.2%. The maximum water temperature in the storage tank of 60?C has been achieved for a clear day operation at an average solar beam radiation level of 680 W/m2 and ambient temperature of 32?C. To judge the operating characteristics and to synchronize utility pattern of the collector, the different parameters such as efficiency, mean plate temperature and mass flow rate has been investigated.

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Salman, Ali D., Talib K. Murtadha, and Hussien M. Salih. "Thermal Efficiency for Passive Solar Chimney with and Without Heat Storage material." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.05.01.

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In this study, a different design of passive air Solar Chimney(SC)was tested by installing it in the south wall of insulated test room in Baghdad city. The SC was designed from vertical and inclined parts connected serially together, the vertical SC (first part) has a single pass and Thermal Energy Storage Box Collector (TESB (refined paraffin wax as Phase Change Material(PCM)-Copper Foam Matrix(CFM))), while the inclined SC was designed in single pass, double passes and double pass with TESB (semi refined paraffin wax with copper foam matrix) with selective working angle ((30o, 45o and 60o). A computational model was employed and solved by Finite Volume Method (FVM) to simulate the air induced through the test room by SC effect. The governing equation of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was developed by the effective heat capacity method equation to describe the heat storage and release from PCM-CFM. Practical and computational Results referred to increase in thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax that supported by CFM than 10 times, while the ventilation effect is still active for hours after sun set amount. The maximum ventilation mass flow rate with TESB collector was 36.651 kg/hr., when the overall discharge coefficient equals 0.371. Also, the experimental results referred to the best working angle range 45~60o, while the highest approaching temperature (between air and collector) was appeared for the double passes flat plate collector. Results gave higher heat storage efficiency 47% when the maximum solar radiation 780 W/m2 at 12.00 pm, and the energy summation through duration of charging time was 18460 kJ. Double passes SC at 60o angle presented the highest efficiency with value approaching to 73%, while TESB collector efficiency depicted highest efficiency value 70% at 12:00 pm.

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Marc-Alain Mutombo, N., Freddie Inambao, and Glen Bright. "Performance analysis of thermosyphon hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, no. 1 (March 23, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i1a1564.

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The conversion of solar irradiance into electricity by a photovoltaic module (PV) is 6– 7% of the incoming energy from the sun depending on the type of technology and the environmental parameters. More than 80% of incoming energy from the sun is reflected or absorbed by the solar module. The fraction of energy absorbed increases with solar cell temperature and the cells’ efficiency drops as a consequence. The efficiency of a PV module is improved by combining a PV module and a thermal collector in one unit, resulting in a hybrid photovoltaic and thermal collector (PV/T). The purpose of this paper is to present the behavior a thermosyphon hybrid PV/T when exposed to variations of environmental parameters and to demonstrate the advantage of cooling photovoltaic modules with water using a rectangular channel profile for the thermal collector. A single glazed flat-box absorber PV/T module was designed, its behavior for different environmental parameters tested, the numerical model developed, and the simulation for particular days for Durban weather run. The simulation result showed that the overall efficiency of the PV/T module was 38.7% against 14.6% for a standard PV module while the water temperature in the storage tank reached 37.1 °C. This is a great encouragement to the marketing of the PV/T technology in South Africa particularly during summer, and specifically in areas where the average annual solar irradiance is more than 4.70 kWh/m²/day.

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Zhang, Songsong, Qian Du, and Guoli Qi. "Experimental study on production and emission characteristics of PM2.5 from industrial fluidized bed boilers." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part A (2020): 2665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190828001z.

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Particle size distributions, concentrations, morphological characteristics, and elemental compositions of eight fluidized bed boilers with different capacities and different dust collectors were determined experimentally. The PM2.5 particle concentration and mass concentration were monitored in real-time before and after the boiler dust collector by electric low pressure impactor, and the physical and chemical properties of PM2.5 were analyzed by membrane sampling. We found that the PM2.5 particle concentration produced by industrial fluidized bed boilers displayed bimodal distributions, peaking at 0.2 ?m and 0.76 ?m, the formed mechanism of these two parts particles is vaporization-condensation of mineral matter and residual ash particles and the adsorbent wear or tear. Mass concentration exhibits a single peak characteristic with a peak at 0.12 ?m. The removal efficiency for PM2.5 of dust collectors varies with different dust removal mechanisms. The electrostatic precipitator and bag filter have high dust removal efficiency, and the water film dust collector has low dust removal efficiency. The normal operation of the bag filter has a great influence on the dust removal efficiency. The physical and chemical properties of PM2.5 showed that the single-particle morphology was mainly composed of irregular particles, containing a small amount of solid spherical particles and more agglomerates. The content of Si and Al in PM2.5 elemental analysis is the highest, which decreases after a dust collector. Some fluidized bed boilers use desulfurization in the furnace, which has great influence on the mass concentration of Ca and S elements, and the lowest Hg content in trace elements, about a few ppm. This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/TSCI200901242E">10.2298/TSCI200901242E</a>

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Rajagopalan, Raj, and Chi Tien. "Comment on “Correlation Equation for Predicting Single-Collector Efficiency in Physicochemical Filtration in Saturated Porous Media”." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 14 (July 2005): 5494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050309o.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Single collector efficiency'

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