Relevant bibliographies by topics / Simultaneous synthesis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Simultaneous synthesis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Simultaneous synthesis"

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Best, Eike, Raymond Devillers, Uli Schlachter, and Harro Wimmel. "Simultaneous Petri Net Synthesis." Scientific Annals of Computer Science 2018, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 199–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.7561/sacs.2018.2.199.

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Shiraishi, Ryoya, Hiromichi Toyota, Shinfuku Nomura, Kazuto Nakajima, Xia Zhu, and Yukiharu Iwamoto. "Simultaneous Synthesis of Diamond and Hydrogen." Key Engineering Materials 825 (October 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.825.77.

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A relationship between diamond synthesis and hydrogen production in in-liquid plasma method have been investigated. Approximately 60 % energy can be recovered by collecting hydrogen gas made by ingredient solution decomposition. The relationship is trade-off. When higher energy is used to maintain the substrate temperature, the hydrogen production rate gets faster, but the diamond synthesis rate gets slower. To increase diamond synthesis rate, a method should be established which maintains the substrate temperature by lower energy and generates less hydrogen gas.
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Korovin, S. K., and A. S. Fursov. "Simultaneous stabilization: Universal controller synthesis." Automation and Remote Control 72, no. 9 (September 2011): 1852–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117911090074.

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WANG, SHUENN-SHYANG, and BOR-SEN CHEN. "Simultaneous deadbeat tracking controller synthesis." International Journal of Control 44, no. 6 (December 1986): 1579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207178608933687.

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Kim, Seong-Eun, Jin-Kook Yoon, and In-Jin Shon. "Simultaneous Synthesis and Consolidation of Nanostructured HfB2–SiC Composite." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 4011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19243.

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A dense nanostructured 2HfB2-SiC composite was simultaneously synthesized and consolidated by the pulsed current activated sintering method in one step within very short time (two minutes) from mechanically activated 2Hf, B4C and Si powders. Simultaneous combustion synthesis and consolidation were achieved through the combination of the effects of the pulsed current and mechanical pressure. A highly dense 2HfB2–SiC composite with 97.5% relative density was achieved under the simultaneous application of a pressure of 80 MPa and the pulsed current. The fracture toughness of the 2HfB2–SiC composite was higher than that of monolithic HfB2.
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Garofalo, Joe. "Simultaneous Synthesis, Regulation, and Arithmetical Performance." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428298600400306.

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Meyers, Harold V., Garrett J. Dilley, Tracy L. Durgin, Timothy S. Powers, Icolas A. Winssinger, Hong Zhu, and Michael R. Pavia. "Multiple simultaneous synthesis of phenolic libraries." Molecular Diversity 1, no. 1 (September 1995): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01715805.

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Parlow, John J. "Simultaneous multistep synthesis using polymeric reagents." Tetrahedron Letters 36, no. 9 (February 1995): 1395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)00008-z.

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Gras, Christophe, Frédéric Bernard, Frédéric Charlot, Eric Gaffet, and Zuhair A. Munir. "Simultaneous Synthesis and Consolidation of Nanostructured MoSi2." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 3 (March 2002): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0076.

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A new process combining electric field activation and the imposition of pressure from mechanically activated powder mixtures is demonstrated as a means to simultaneously synthesize and densify nano-MoSi2 in one step. Nanophase reactants (Mo + 2Si) produced by mechanical activation are reacted by field activation with the simultaneous application of a uniaxial pressure. Mo + 2Si powders were comilled in a specially designed planetary mill to obtain nanometric reactants but to avoid formation of any product phases. These were then subjected to high alternating currents (1600 A) and pressures of 106 MPa. Under these conditions, a reaction is initiated and completed within a short period of time (3–6 min). The relative density of the product ranged from 82 to 93%. The crystallite size of the MoSi2 compound was determined by x-ray diffraction line-broadening analysis using the Langford method. The size ranged from 58 to 75 nm.
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Subrahmanyam, J., R. Mohan Rao, S. Subba Rao, and K. Somaraju. "Simultaneous combustion synthesis and consolidation of intermetallics MoSi2." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 8 (August 1996): 1859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0234.

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A novel technique has been developed for simultaneous combustion synthesis and consolidation of intermetallics in a single step from elemental powders. The method has been applied for the synthesis and consolidation of MoSi2. A temperature profile of the combusted compact provides the temperature-time regime for consolidation. The products were characterized for density, phase formation, and microstructure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Simultaneous synthesis"

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SRINIVASAN, SREERAM. "SIMULTANEOUS DIMENSIONAL AND TOLERANCE SYNTHESIS IN PROCESS PLANNING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1070493927.

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Carvalho, Alexandre Faia. "Simultaneous synthesis of diamond on graphene for electronic application." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14801.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Física
Neste trabalho é descrito o estudo de estruturas híbridas de grafeno e diamante nano-cristalino (GDH) sintetizadas por deposição química em fase vapor por plasma de micro-ondas (MPCVD) em cobre. Foram investigadas técnicas de controlo da nucleação do diamante nano-cristalino, tendo sido encontrados dois processos com sucesso. Procedeu-se ainda à caracterização estrutural, morfológica e ótica das amostras por análise de SEM, TEM, AFM, EFM, medidas de transmitância UV-Vis e espetroscopia de Raman. A avaliação das propriedades de transporte destes materiais foi efetuada pela medição da curva de transferência de transístores de efeito de campo produzidos para o efeito, sendo os GDHs produzidos o material ativo do canal. Foram observadas baixas mobilidades devido à hidrogenação do grafeno. Em linha com resultados teóricos da literatura, foram encontradas evidências de abertura do hiato energético do grafeno, um potencial desenvolvimento para a aplicação em dispositivos de comutação lógica.
In this work, hybrid structures of graphene and nano-crystalline diamond (GDH) produced by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) in copper substrates are studied. The control of the diamond clusters nucleation was investigated, having two different approaches been identified as promising. Structural, morphological and optical characterization was carried out by SEM, TEM, AFM, EFM, UV-Vis transmittance, and Raman spectroscopy. The transport properties of this material were analyzed through the transfer curve of field-effect transistors with GDH channels. Low mobilities were found due to graphene hydrogenation. In line with theoretical studies, evidences were found of graphene band gap opening, a potential breakthrough for the development of logical switching devices.
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Sullivan, Carolyn Wendy, and n/a. "Simultaneous and successive synthesis and their interaction with instructional treatments in year eigth mathematics in the A.C.T." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.111850.

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This study addresses the criticism leveled at A.C.T. Mathematics teachers with regard to their failure to use any other method of teaching than chalk-and-talk. By considering the changed needs of society for mathematics and the changed perceptions by society of education, the criticism is placed in context. The importance of spatial ability for mathematics is examined in the context of theories of cognitive abilities and its current under utilization within the classroom. On the basis of the increased need to utilize more talent the study was designed to operationalise in the classroom the constructs of simultaneous and successive synthesis, derived from Luria's model of brain functioning. The question of gender differences in mathematics achievment and spatial ability is addressed. The possible role of the maturation of language in determining differences in the acquistion of ability to form simultaneous synthesis is briefly discussed. The study was designed to utilize and enhance simultaneous synthesis. By demonstrating an Aptitude-Treatment Interaction it was intended to confirm that students, who function at a high level in simultaneous synthesis but at a low level in successive synthesis, would achieve more with experience with spatial activates than in a more traditional chalk-and-talk classroom. Gender differences in achievement were not found. Gender differences in successive/simultaneous profiles were found in accordance with theory predictions. The need for the duration of longer treatment periods is briefly discussed in the context of funding and the appearance of greater efficiency of traditional teaching methods when the students are functioning at the highest level of symbolic thought.
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Wang, Xi, and 王熙. "Synthesis of visible light-driven catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production and simultaneous wastewater treatment under solarlight." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46592325.

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Dong, Guanpeng. "Simultaneous modelling of contextual and spatial interaction effects : towards a synthesis of spatial and multilevel modelling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665177.

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This thesis explores suitable methodological frameworks for modelling geographical hierarchical data sets by bringing together spatial and multilevel modelling approaches. The primary reason is that for a geographically hierarchical data, two types of dependence effect are expected: the spatial dependence arising from the geographical proximity and the membership based group dependence effect. Three different frameworks are proposed in this study. First, in terms of extending the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model to accommodate a hierarchical data structure, a contextualised GWR is developed. The contextual information is incorporated into a GWR model by adjusting the geographical weights matrix to measure proximity not only in terms of distance but also with respect to an attribute space defined by measures of each observation's neighbourhood. Next, by integrating spatial econometric and multilevel modelling approaches, this study develops a hierarchical spatial autoregressive model (HSAR) that allows for simultaneously modelling the group dependence effect and the spatial interaction effect at each level of the data hierarchy. A series of Monte Carlo simulation studies show that the HSAR model performs well in terms of retrieving the true model parameters accurately. In contrast, both the classic spatial econometric and multilevel models perform poorly in the presence of both spatial interactions and group dependence. Finally, turning to a usual two-level hierarchical survey data where individuals nest into areas, this research develops a spatial random slope multilevel model that can simultaneously model spatial interactions across the higher level areas and correlations between random effects within each area. The essence of the spatial random slope multilevel model is to regard random effect at the area level as a spatial process characterised by a multivariate conditional autoregressive (CAR) process. In combination, the thesis makes important contributions to a coming together of spatial and multilevel modelling for better investigating geographically hierarchical data.
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Buelna, Quijada Genoveva. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOL-GEL SORBENTS FOR SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES FROM FLUE GAS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006200391.

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Antoni, Per. "Functional Dendritic Materials using Click Chemistry : Synthesis, Characterizations and Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4808.

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Förfrågan efter nya och mer avancerade applikationer är en pågående process vilket leder till en konstant utveckling av nya material. För att förstå relationen mellan en applikations egenskaper och dess sammansättning krävs full förståelse och kontroll över materialets uppbyggnad. En sådan kontroll över uppbyggnaden hos material hittas i en undergrupp till dendritiska polymerer som kallas dendrimerer. I den här doktorsavhandlingen belyses nya metoder för att framställa dendrimer med hjälp av selektiva kemiska reaktioner. Sådana selektiva reaktioner kan hittas inom konceptet klickkemi och har i detta arbete kombinerats med traditionell anhydrid- och karbodiimidmedierad kemi. Denna avhandling diskuterar en accelererad tillväxtmetod, dendrimerer med inre och yttre reaktiva grupper, simultana reaktioner och applikationer baserade på dessa dendritiska material. En accelererad tillväxtmetod har utvecklats baserad på AB2- och CD2-monomerer. Dessa monomerer tillåter tillväxt av dendrimerer utan att använda sig av skyddsgruppkemi eller aktivering av ändgrupper. Detta gjordes genom att kombinera kemoselektiviteten hos klickkemi tillsammans med traditionell syraklorid kopplingar. Dendrimerer med inre alkyn- eller azidfunktionalitet syntetiserades genom att använda AB2C-monomerer. Den dendritiska tillväxten skedde med hjälp av karbodiimidmedierad kemi. Monomererna som användes bär på en C-funktionalitet, alkyn eller azid, och på så sätt byggs får interiören i de syntetiserade dendrimeren en inneburen aktiv funktionell grupp. Ortogonaliteten hos klickkemi användes för att sammanfoga monomerer till en dendritisk struktur. Traditionell anhydridkemi- och klickemireaktioner utfördes samtidigt och på så sätt kunde dendritiska strukturer erhållas med färre antal uppreningssteg. En ljusemitterande dendrimer syntetiserades genom att koppla azidfunktionella dendroner till en alkynfunktionell cyclenkärna. Europiumjoner inkorporerades i kärnan varpå dendrimerens fotofysiska egenskaper analyserades. Mätningarna visade att den bildade triazolen hade en sensibiliserande effekt på europiumjonen. Termiska studier på några av de syntetiserade dendrimerer utfördes för att se om några av dem kunde fungera som templat vid framställning av isoporösa filmer.
The need for new improved materials in cutting edge applications is constantly inspiring researchers to developing novel advanced macromolecular structures. A research area within advanced and complex macromolecular structures is dendrimers and their synthesis. Dendrimers consist of highly dense and branched structures that have promising properties suitable for biomedical and electrical applications and as templating materials. Dendrimers provide full control over the structure and property relationship since they are synthesized with unprecedented control over each reaction step. In this doctoral thesis, new methodologies for dendrimer synthesis are based on the concept of click chemistry in combination with traditional chemical reactions for dendrimer synthesis. This thesis discusses an accelerated growth approach, dendrimers with internal functionality, concurrent reactions and their applications. An accelerated growth approach for dendrimers was developed based on AB2- and CD2-monomers. These allow dendritic growth without the use of activation or deprotection of the peripheral end-groups. This was achieved by combining the chemoselective nature of click chemistry and traditional acid chloride reactions. Dendrimers with internal azide/alkyne functionality were prepared by adding AB2C monomers to a multifunctional core. Dendritic growth was obtained by employing carbodiimide mediated chemistry. The monomers carry a pendant C-functionality (alkyne or azide) that remains available in the dendritic interior resulting in dendrimers with internal and peripheral functionalities. The orthogonal nature of click chemistry was utilized for the simultaneous assembly of monomers into dendritic structures. Traditional anhydride chemistry and click chemistry were carried out concurrently to obtain dendritic structures. This procedure allows synthesis of dendritic structures using fewer purification steps. Thermal analyses on selected dendrimers were carried out to verify their use as templates for the formation of honeycomb membranes. Additionally, a light emitting dendrimer was prepared by coupling of azide functional dendrons to an alkyne functional cyclen core. A Europium ion was incorporated into the dendrimer core, and photophysical measurements on the metal containing dendrimer revealed that the formed triazole linkage possesses a sensitizing effect.
QC 20100629
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Asghar, Pour Moghaddam Nader. "Si And Si(1-x)ge(x) Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, And Simultaneous Observation Of Quantum Confined And Interface Related Photoluminescence." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611753/index.pdf.

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In this work we have prepared Si and SI(1-X)GE(X) nanocrystals by rf magnetron cosputtering method. The eect of annealing parameters and Ge content of x on the structural and optical properties sandwiched SiO2/SiO2: Si: Ge/SiO2 nanostructures have been investigated. For characterization we have used cross-sectional high resolution electron microscope (HREM), X-ray diraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), and temperature dependent PL (TDPL) techniques. It was shown that Ge content of x, annealing temperature, and annealing time are important parameters aecting the structural and optical properties of the nanocrystals. We have observed a uniform SI(1-X)GE(X) nanocrystal formation upon annealing at relatively low temperatures and short annealing time. However, Ge-rich SI(1-X)GE(X) nanocrystals do not hold their compositional uniformity when annealed at high temperatures for enough long time. A segregation process leads to the separation of Ge and Si atoms from each other and formation of Si-rich core covered by a Ge-rich shell. Related to the optical properties of Si and SI(1-X)GE(X) nanocrystals, influence of annealing treatments and Ge content of x on the simultaneous observation and relative contribution of quantum confined and interface related radiative emission to PL spectra are investigated. On the other hand, temperature dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) measurements have been applied to investigate in detail the involving PL mechanisms and the competing thermally activated emission process and the thermally activated escape process of carriers into nonradiative recombination centers and/or tunneling of the excitons into the interface or to larger nanocrystals.
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Seemann, Martin. "Methanation of biosyngas in a fluidized bed reactor : development of a one-step synthesis process, featuring simultaneous methanation, watergas shift and low temperature tar reforming /." Zürich : ETH/ PSI, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16754.

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Gul, Sheraz. "Synthesis, Optical and Structural Characterization, and Exciton Dynamics of Doped ZnSe Nanocrystals, and, Simultaneous X-ray Emission Spectroscopy of Two Elements Using Energy Dispersive Spectrometer." Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3630692.

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Doped semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) comprise an important subclass of nanomaterials in which a small quantity of impurity is added intentionally, adding another degree of freedom to alter their size-dependent physical and electronic properties. Intense, tunable, long lived and stable photoluminescence make them quintessential candidates for many opto-electronic applications including solid-state lighting, display devices and biomedical imaging. ZnSe QDs, which are blue-emitting fluorophores, were doped with Cu+1 to redshift their photoluminescence (PL) to green region of the visible spectrum. These Cu-doped ZnSe QDs were then codoped with Al3+, Ga 3+ and In3+ to improve the PL quantum yield (QY) by eliminating the defect states originating from charge imbalance created by aliovalent doping. Codoping also resulted in further redshifting of the PL, covering most of the visible spectrum, making them potential candidates for use in solid-state lighting and as optical down converters in next generation light emitting diodes (LEDs). To better understand the optical properties of these materials, local structure around the luminescent centers was investigated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Cu was found to occupy a distorted tetrahedral site with the codopant residing in a substitutional Zn site. Based on the structural information obtained by EXAFS, density functional theory calculations (DFT) were performed to get a clear picture of the energy levels associated with the electronic transitions. Furthermore, the dynamics studies of the exciton and charge carriers were carried out to get deeper insight of the various photophysical processes involved. The fluorescence lifetime was increased approximately 10 times after doping.

The multielectron catalytic reactions often involve multimetallic clusters, where the reaction is controlled by the electronic and spin coupling between metals and ligands to facilitate charge transfer, bond formation/breaking, substrate binding, and release of products. A method was developed to detect X-ray emission signal from multiple elements simultaneously to probe the electronic structure and sequential chemistry that occurs between the elements. A wavelength dispersive spectrometer based on the von-Hamos geometry was used, that disperses Kβ emission signals of multiple elements onto an area detector, and enables an XES spectrum to be measured in a single-shot mode. This overcomes the scanning needs of the Rowland circle spectrometers, and the data is free from temporal and normalization errors, and therefore ideal to follow sequential chemistry at multiple sites. This method was applied to MnOx based electrocatalysts, and the effect of Ni addition was investigated. Electro-deposited Mn oxide catalyses oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) at different electrochemical potentials under alkaline condition. Incorporation of Ni reduced the low valent Mn component resulting in higher average oxidation state of Mn in MnNiOx under ORR and OER conditions, when compared to MnO x under similar conditions. The reversibility of the electrocatalyst was also found to improve by the inclusion of Ni.

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Books on the topic "Simultaneous synthesis"

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Zelazo, Philip David. Developmental Psychology. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0001.

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ThisHandbooksurveys what is now known about psychological development from birth to biological maturity, and it reflects the emergence of a new synthetic approach to developmental science that is based on several theoretical and methodological commitments. According to this new view: (1) psychological phenomena are usefully studied at multiple levels of analysis; (2) psychological development depends on neural plasticity, which extends across the lifespan; (3) the effect of any particular influence on psychological development will depend on the context in which it occurs; (4) psychological phenomena, and developmental changes in psychological phenomena, typically reflect multiple, simultaneous causal influences; and (5) these causal influences are often reciprocal. Research based on this synthetic approach provides new insights into the way in which processes operating at many levels of analysis (cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular) work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.
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Shulman, Michael. Homotopy Type Theory: A Synthetic Approach to Higher Equalities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0003.

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Homotopy type theory and univalent foundations (HoTT/UF) is a new foundation of mathematics, based not on set theory but on “infinity-groupoids”, which consist of collections of objects, ways in which two objects can be equal, ways in which those ways-to-be-equal can be equal, ad infinitum. Though apparently complicated, such structures are increasingly important in mathematics. Philosophically, they are an inevitable result of the notion that whenever we form a collection of things, we must simultaneously consider when two of those things are the same. The “synthetic” nature of HoTT/UF enables a much simpler description of infinity groupoids than is available in set theory, thereby aligning with modern mathematics while placing “equality” back in the foundations of logic. This chapter will introduce the basic ideas of HoTT/UF for a philosophical audience, including Voevodsky’s univalence axiom and higher inductive types.
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Oldfield, Paul. In Praise of the Medieval City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717737.003.0009.

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The conclusion synthesizes the findings from the preceding chapters in the book. It acknowledges the multiple potential interpretations of urban panegyric and some of the gaps in the evidence provided by these sources. It emphasizes the quality, quantity, and heterogeneity of works praising cities, and suggests that this is significant in and of itself. It also highlights how urban panegyric simultaneously engaged with a city’s past, present, and future and that, ultimately, the messages within this body of praise represented the key coordinates around which more nuanced urban identities formed, both at a community and at an individual level.
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Bever, Thomas G. The Unity of Consciousness and the Consciousness of Unity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0005.

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Every language-learning child eventually automatically segments the organization of word sequences into natural units. Within the natural units, processing of normal conversation reveals a disconnect between listener’s representation of the sound and meaning of utterances. A compressed or absent word at a point early in a sequence is unintelligible until later acoustic information, yet listeners think they perceived the earlier sounds and their interpretation as they were heard. This discovery has several implications: Our conscious unified experience of language as we hear and simultaneously interpret it is partly reconstructed in time-suspended “psychological moments”; the “poverty of the stimulus language learning problem” is far graver than usually supposed; the serial domain where such integration occurs may be the “phase,” which unifies the serial percept with structural assignment and meanings; every level of language processing overlaps with others in a “computational fractal”; each level analysis-by-synthesis interaction of associative-serial and structure dependent processes.
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Cui, Zhao, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0073_update_001.

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Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange are the standard of care in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or lung haemorrhage caused by antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, and it is unusual to encounter patients at earlier stages. Steroids are universally used in addition. There is some evidence that plasma exchange may not be a critical part of treatment at an earlier stage. There is no more than anecdotal evidence for other therapies. Slower-onset therapies such as antibodies to B cells are rarely appropriate. If untreated, patients with severe anti-GBM disease will not recover renal function and are at risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. Evidence for the pathogenicity of circulating anti-GBM antibodies provides rationale for removal of circulating antibodies as rapidly as possible, whilst simultaneously inhibiting their synthesis. This was behind the introduction of the combination of plasma exchange with immunosuppressive therapy in mid 1970s, which revolutionized outcomes. Plasmapheresis aims to remove circulating pathogenic antibodies against GBM and possibly other mediators; cyclophosphamide prevents further synthesis of autoantibodies; and steroids act as anti-inflammatory agents to attenuate the glomerular inflammatory response initiated by anti-GBM antibodies. It is clear from experimental models and occasional observations in man that the anti-cell mediated effects of current therapies are important too. Outcomes vary, but in general patient survival is now good, while renal survival remains poor, in many series less than 50% at 1 year. Treatment is toxic and after an early peak in deaths due to pulmonary haemorrhage, secondary infections are the next threat. It may therefore be best not to immunosuppress patients with a very poor renal prognosis who appear to be at low risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. Treatment can usually be curtailed after 3 months without recurrence. ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies occur together in some patients. This is typically an older group which often has features of vasculitis, and the anti-GBM response may often be secondary. Longer treatment as for small vessel vasculitis is usually indicated.
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Mast, Christof, Friederike Möller, Moritz Kreysing, Severin Schink, Benedikt Obermayer, Ulrich Gerland, and Dieter Braun. Toward living nanomachines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0039.

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How does inanimate matter become transformed into animate matter? Living systems evolve by replication and selection at the molecular level and this chapter considers how to establish a synthetic, minimal system that can support molecular evolution and thus life. Molecular evolution cannot be explained by starting with high concentrations of activated chemicals that react toward their chemical equilibrium; persistent non-equilibria are required to maintain continuous reactivity and we especially consider thermal gradients as an early driving force for Darwinian molecular evolution. The temperature difference across water-filled compartments implements a laminar fluid convection with periodic temperature oscillations that allow for the melting and replication of DNA. Simultaneously, dissolved molecules are moved along the thermal gradient by an effect called thermophoresis. The combined result is an efficient molecule trap that exponentially favors long over short DNA and thus maintains complexity. Future experiments will reveal how thermal gradients could actively drive the Darwinian process of replication and selection.
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Fox, Charles W., Derek A. Roff, and Daphne J. Fairbairn, eds. Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.001.0001.

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Evolutionary Ecology simultaneously unifies conceptual and empirical advances in evolutionary ecology and provides a volume that can be used as either a primary textbook or a supplemental reading in an advanced undergraduate or graduate course. The focus of the book is on current concepts in evolutionary ecology, and the empirical study of these concepts. The editors have assembled a group of prominent biologists who have made significant contributions to this field. They both synthesize the current state of knowledge and identity areas for future investigation. Evolutionary Ecology will be of general interest to researchers and students in both ecology and evolutionary biology. Researchers in evolutionary ecology that want an overview of the current state of the field, and graduate students that want an introduction the field, will find this book very valuable. This volume can also be used as a primary textbook or supplemental reading in both upper division and graduate courses/seminars in Evolutionary Ecology.
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Book chapters on the topic "Simultaneous synthesis"

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Nidetzky, Bernd, Monika Fürlinger, Dorothee Gollhofer, Iris Haug, Dietmar Haltrich, and Klaus D. Kulbe. "Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Gluconic Acid and Sorbitol." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 173–88. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2312-2_17.

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Silva-Martinez, Marisol, Dietmar Haltrich, Senad Novalic, Klaus D. Kulbe, and Bernd Nidetzky. "Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Gluconic Acid and Sorbitol." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 863–68. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1814-2_79.

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Gausepohl, H., M. Kraft, C. Boulin, and R. W. Frank. "A multiple reaction system for automated simultaneous peptide synthesis." In Peptides 1990, 206–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3034-9_85.

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Ježek, Jan, Markéta Rinnová, and Michal Lebl. "Simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis: Comparison of T-bags and cotton." In Peptides 1992, 306–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1470-7_128.

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Bray, A. M., N. J. Maeji, R. M. Valerio, J. X. Wang, A. J. DiPasquale, and H. M. Geysen. "Simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis: A potent tool for hormone analog studies." In Peptides 1992, 57–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1470-7_15.

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Huang, Yawen, Ling Shao, and Alejandro F. Frangi. "Simultaneous Super-Resolution and Cross-Modality Synthesis in Magnetic Resonance Imaging." In Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Imaging and Clinical Informatics, 437–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13969-8_21.

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Houghten, Richard A., Sarah R. Hoffmann, Mairead K. Bray, Nicole Frizzell, J. M. Ostresh, Suzanne M. Pratt, and John Sitarik. "Simultaneous Multiple Peptide Synthesis: The Rapid Preparation of Large Numbers of Peptides." In Proteins, 463–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1787-6_46.

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Egiebor, Nosa O., and Jonathan Mbah. "Simultaneous CO2 & H2S Sequestration by Electrocatalytic Conversion for Chemical Feedstock Synthesis." In Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 1–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_88-1.

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Egiebor, Nosa O., and Jonathan Mbah. "Simultaneous CO2 and H2S Sequestration by Electrocatalytic Conversion for Chemical Feedstock Synthesis." In Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 2757–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14409-2_88.

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Wang, Lianjun, Wan Jiang, Chao Qin, and Lidong Chen. "Simultaneous Synthesis and Densification of TiSi2 /SiC Submicron-Composites via Spark Plasma Sintering." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 189–93. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470082751.ch17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Simultaneous synthesis"

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Saha, Sajib, Murat Tahtali, Andrew Lambert, and Mark Pickering. "CT Reconstruction from Simultaneous Projections." In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.2014.sw1f.3.

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Schabus, Dietmar, Michael Pucher, and Gregor Hofer. "Simultaneous speech and animation synthesis." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Posters. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2037715.2037724.

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Fernandez-Cull, Christy, Hamilton Shepard, Brian Tyrrell, and Richard D’Onofrio. "Simultaneous Dynamic Pupil Coding with On-chip Coded Aperture Temporal Imaging." In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.2014.stu2f.5.

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Lee, Junghoon, Peter C. Doerschuk, and John E. Johnson. "Simultaneous 3-D Image Reconstruction and Classication with Applications to Structural Virology*." In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.2007.ptua1.

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Larochelle, Pierre, Jugesh Sundram, and Ronald A. Zimmerman. "Synthesis of Watt II Mechanisms for Four Simultaneous Positions." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46045.

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This article presents the kinematic synthesis of Watt II six-bar mechanisms for simultaneously guiding two bodies through four prescribed positions. The two bodies to be moved are connected by a revolute joint and the motion generation task is defined by the four desired positions of one body and the relative angle of the second body with respect to the first body. The methodology uses an algebraic geometry formulation of the exact synthesis of planar RR dyads for four prescribed positions from classical Burmester theory. The result is a dimensional synthesis technique for designing Watt II mechanisms for four simultaneous positions. A case study illustrating the application of the synthesis algorithm is included.
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Gundes, A. N. "Simultaneous Tracking Controller Synthesis for MIMO Systems." In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4282489.

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Saha, Sajib, Murat Tahtali, Andrew Lambert, and Mark Pickering. "Effect of Projection Access Ordering in Algebraic Reconstruction Technique towards Rapidly Convergent CT Reconstruction from Simultaneous Projections." In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.2014.sw1f.2.

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Funke, Lawrence, and James P. Schmiedeler. "Simultaneous Topological and Dimensional Synthesis of Planar Morphing Mechanisms." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59618.

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This paper presents a general method to perform simultaneous topological and dimensional synthesis for planar rigid-body morphing mechanisms. The synthesis is framed as a multi-objective optimization problem for which the first objective is to minimize the error in matching the desired shapes. The second objective is typically to minimize the actuating force/moment required to move the mechanism, but different applications may require a different choice. The paper shows how all possible topologies can be enumerated for morphing mechanism designs with a specified number of degrees of freedom and how infeasible topologies can be removed from the search space. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is then used to perform the optimization since it can handle both the discrete nature of the topological optimization and the continuous nature of the dimensional optimization. In this way, candidate solutions from any of the feasible topologies enumerated can be evaluated and compared simultaneously. The method also allows for the straightforward incorporation of specific design constraints, such as size limitations and joint location bounds. Ultimately, it yields a sizable population of viable solutions, often of different topologies, so that the designer can manage engineering tradeoffs (beyond those associated with the two objectives) in selecting the best mechanism for the specified application. Two examples are presented to illustrate the strengths of this method. The first examines the advantages gained by considering and optimizing across all topologies simultaneously instead of individual topologies one at a time. The second demonstrates the versatility of the method by incorporating prismatic joints into the morphing chain to allow for morphing between shapes that have significant changes in both shape and arc length.
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Parker, Frederick C. "Universal Congruence Constraint for Simultaneous Synthesis of Decentralized Controllers." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-5104.

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Debyser, Geert, and Georges Gielen. "Efficient analog circuit synthesis with simultaneous yield and robustness optimization." In the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/288548.288630.

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Reports on the topic "Simultaneous synthesis"

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Shivaji Sircar, Hugo S. Caram, Kwangkook Jeong, Michael G. Beaver, Fan Ni, and Agbor Tabi Makebe. Novel Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process for Simultaneous Production of CO2 and H2 from Synthesis Gas Produced by Coal Gasification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035862.

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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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