Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulations de polymères'
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Crevel, François. "Simulations numériques des polymères vivants." Strasbourg 1, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CREVEL_Francois_2007.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we explore the static and dynamical properties of equilibrium polymers, polymers systems being able to cut and recombine themselves, in three and two dimensions. We confirmed recents results about Flory's ideality hypothesis in dense regime in three dimensions and mesured the effects of of this correction on equilibirum polymers. We also studied the dynamic of scission et recombination et showed the existence of the predicted regime of controled diffusion. In the two dimensional systems, we show measure ment of critical exponents predicted in recent theories
Maurel, Gaëtan. "Simulations multi-échelles de matériaux polymères." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22512/document.
Full textPolymer materials are widely used, both for everyday applications and in high-technology products. These materials involves a wide range of time and length scales, making the modelling of their properties challenging by using only one method. This thesis focuses on the development of a multiscale strategy, combining different levels of description of the matter. The aim is to reach the rheological properties of a polymer over a large time scale, while retaining the chemical structure inherent of its microstructure. The investigation of structure-property relationships will then be facilitated. The mesoscopic potentials are developped from atomistic configurations. A quantitative reproduction of several structural properties of the polymer such as density or end to end distance is obtained. Then, the transferability of the potentials has been studied through the dependence of temperature, pressure or polymer structure on thermomechanical properties. By using these potentials, nonequilibrium simulations have been carried out to calculate the entanglement mass and the plateau modulus. The multicale approach has been extended to model the polymer-silica interaction in order to study the impact of the degree of confinement or the grafting density on the dynamical and structural properties of polymer chains close to the surface
Fischer, Bernd. "Modélisation d'interfaces par simulations numériques : des polymères en solutions à la troposphère." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e7097b7d-070a-46b8-8034-1b1d5d455974.
Full textThis work aims to demonstrate the ability of numerical simulations to mode] solid · and liquid interfaces. In the work on the solid interfaces, the GCMC method was used to sin:rnlatc the ads011Jtion isotherrn of acetaldehyde on ice under the conditions of the ·upper tropospherc and the molecular dynamics method was usecl to characterize the adsorption of difünctionalized organic compounds on ice, aiming at interpreting experimental results. Part of this work was devotcd to the simulation of the phase diagrarn (p, T) of organic aerosols (oxalic acid and malonic) in tropospberic conditions to study the ability of aerosols to act as condensation nuclei for icc particlcs. The work: on liquid interfaces concerned firstly the competitive adsorption of polymcrs and surfactants at the water surface. It is based on a very precise desc1iption, by mnncrical simulation, of the structure émd dynamics cif the surface of the considered systems. The second pari of the work on liquid interfaces bas focused on the characterization of ion transfer across a liquid/liquid interface through the calculations of the free energy variations of the system during the transfo·. To obtain a rigorous desc1iptio11 of the details of the corresponding processes, a specific method was developed in this thesis to calculate the free energy profile while taking into account tbe dynamics of the interface
Galuschko, André. "Molecular dynamics simulations of sheared polymer brushes." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GALUSCHKO_Andre_2010.pdf.
Full textGoujon, Florent. "Simulations numériques mésoscopiques de brosses de polymères sous compression et cisaillement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21459.
Full textDumont, Denis. "Simulations de matériaux par dynamique moléculaire : spectres de vibration de zéolithes et polymères." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-270.pdf.
Full textDurand, Manuel. "Molecular dynamics simulations of oligomer diffusion in polymer melts." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6123.
Full textThis thesis is part of the CNRS research programme COPOLA, “COmposite POlymer Ageing”, and analyzes systematically via molecular dynamics simulations the dynamics of short chains diffusing among themselves (so-called monodisperse systems) and in a matrix of much longer entangled chains (so-called polydisperse systems). Results are presented for two molecular models of polymer chains, involving either flexible or semi-flexible chains. Effects of chain lengths, from N = 1 up to N = 64, and temperatures, from T = 1 (Lennard-Jones units) down to the glass transition temperature T g, are investigated. Static and dynamic properties of both systems are analyzed within the framework of Rouse theory and with a freely rotating chain model, respectively. A power law dependence of diffusion coefficients (D) on N is found: D / N−®. Scaling exponents greater than 1 and depending on temperature are inferred for monodisperse systems whereas unitary ® values are obtained in polydisperse systems regardless the host/tracer chain stiffness. For flexible monodisperse chains, simulated results are reconciled with Rouse theory by considering that the friction coefficient, derived from monomeric relaxation times, depends on both temperature and chain length. This extrapolation of long time dynamics from short relaxation times fails however in monodisperse semi-flexible systems, due to a change in static properties with temperature and additional entanglement effects. An activation model of trace diffusion is successfully inferred by introducing a cage-like dynamics for monomer displacements and an assumption of independence of monomer displacements (compatible with Rouse theory). Accurate predictions of D from a reference short relaxation time (assessed at T = 1 and P = 5) are achieved for all tested conditions of temperature (between 1 and 0. 26), pressure (between 1 and 8) and N ranging from N = 1 to 16. Proposed scaling of trace diffusion of oligomers in an entangled matrix matches experimental results in melts [?] but deviates from values determined in solids [?,?]. Possibly sources of discrepancy are discussed and additional comparisons involving the dependence of activation energies on chain length and temperature are proposed. Finally, complementary directions of research and technological consequences of the current study are suggested
Girard, Séverine. "Simulations moléculaires dynamiques de surfaces de polymère amorphe : cas de la cellulose." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS003.
Full textSurface properties of polymeric materials have many industrial applications, such as in the field of adhesives and composites. A better understanding of the chain conformations at interfaces could lead to improved properties. However, it is still difficult to characterise polymer surfaces at the molecular level. Numerical simulations are, therfore, a useful complement to experiments as they allow a detailed examination of polymer structure at the atomistic scale. Nevertheless, such simulations remain for the moment computationally very demanding and the time and length scales associated with the relaxation of polymers are difficult to access. We propose here, thus, a dual-scale approach. A treatmant at the mesocopic level, where the elementary particle corresponds to an entire repeat unit, is necessary in order to relax the chains. Then, back-mappingallows for a finer analysis of the chain structure. This dual-scale method was tested for amorphous cellulose on periodic systmes and films of up to 300 Å width. At the mesoscopic level, the surface tension and the pesistence length calculated for amorphous cellulose are in agreement with the available experimental data. After back-mapping the atomistic model predicts a subtle change in the hydrogen bonding pattern near the surface
Masurel, Robin. "Role des hétérogénéités dynamiques dans la mécanique des polymères amorphes : modélisation et simulations par éléments finis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066001.
Full textAmorphous polymers present dynamical heterogeneities at the scale of 3 to 5nm near Tg. Their contributions to mechanical properties are still not well known. We thus consider a simple model where each dynamical heterogeneities has its own relaxation time randomly drawn is a log-normal time distribution. A coarse –grained model at the dynamical heterogeneity is then developed in the continuous medium approximation. Finite element simulations are performed to calculate macroscopic mechanical properties of amorphous polymers taking account of mechanical couplings between heterogeneities. We show that the glass transition is controlled by a percolation of slow domains. Mechanical couplings result in viscoelastic spectrum highly narrowed as compared to the microscopic one. In thin films of polymers, we evidence a slowdown of the dynamics of relaxation as compared to the bulk one. Considering that a high applied stress increase the dynamics of polymers, we show that dynamical heterogeneities result in an internal stress network. The latter is a consequence a plastic deformation and result in an internal energy which is not released after an unloading
Sarrasin, Florian. "Étude de la perméabilité de polymères semi-cristallins en présence de mélanges de gaz." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10079/document.
Full textPolymer materials are used in numerous applications where the knowledge and the control of their transport properties are required. Concerning the flexible oil and gas pipes, the main function of polymer sheaths is to ensure the pipe leakproofness with respect to the external environment and also the conveyed fluids such as water, acid gases, crude oil. It is essential to have a deeper understanding of phenomena concerning the permeation of gases at very high pressures and temperatures through thermoplastic polymers, more especially in term of interactions between polymer chains and gases mixtures and particularly with hydrogen sulfide. Thanks to the utilisation of apparatus developed to study the permeability of polymers in presence of gas mixtures, in particular with small contents of hydrogen sulphide, we studied the influence of the gas mixture composition on the barrier properties of two kinds of PVDF used in applications such as sheath of flexible pipes. In a moderate pressure range, pressure effects of pure gases (CH4 and CO2), then coupling effects between the gases CH4, CO2 and H2S have been evidenced on the permeability, the diffusion and the solubility. Monte Carlo simulations in the osmotic ensemble have been performed. It allowed studying the solubility of gases in PE, in particular at high pressure. The results first confirm the experimental observations made at moderate pressure: sorption mode are Henry for CH4 and CO2 and Flory Huggins for H2S. It also allow to evidence effects of hydrostatic pressure which limit gas sorption and polymer swelling in the domain of very high pressure (up to 2000 bar), even in gas mixture condition. The effects evidenced in this study have been modelled via exponential laws. A simplified Flory Huggins type for the solubility, a Long type for the diffusion and an approach based on the works of Naito to take into account the hydrostatic pressure effects observed on the solubility
Schulmann, Nava. "Du polymère à la fibre : Conformations et élasticité de chaines à deux dimensions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE014/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is devoted to a theoretical study of polymer and ’polymer like’ systems in strictly two dimensions. Polymer systems in reduced dimensions are of high experimental and technological interest and present theoretical challenges due to their strong non-mean-field-like behavior manifested by various non-trivial universal power law exponents. We focus on the strictly 2D limit where chain crossing is forbidden and study as function of density and of chain rigidity conformational and elastic properties of three system classes: flexible and semiflexible polymers at finite temperature and macroscopic athermal polymers (fibers) with imposed quenched curvature. For flexible polymers it is shown that although dense self-avoiding polymers are segregated with Flory exponent ν = 1/2 , they do not behave as Gaussian chains. In particular a non-zero contact exponent θ2 = 3/4 implies a fractal perimeter dimension of dp = 5/4. As a consequence and in agreement with the generalized Porod law, the intramolecular structure factor F(q) reveals a non-Gaussian behavior and the demixing temperature of 2D polymer blends is expected to be reduced. We also investigate the effects of chain rigidity on 2D polymer systems and found that universal behavior is not changed when the persistence length is not too large compared to the semidilute blob size. The nature of the nematic phase transition at higher rigidities, which is in the 2D case the subject of a long standing debate, is also briefly explored. Preliminary results seem to indicate a first order transition. Finally, motivated by recent theoretical work on elastic moduli of fiber bundles, we study the effects of spontaneous curvature at zero temperature. We show that by playing on the disorder of the Fourier mode amplitudes of the ground state, it is possible to tune the compression modulus, in qualitative agreement with theory
Zabel, Julia. "Deviations from chain ideality : are they detectable in simulations and neutron scattering of polyisobutylene ?" Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064158.
Full textLe, Dain Guillaume. "Modélisation de la gravure profonde du silicium en plasmas fluorés : étude du procédé BOSCH : simulations et calibration expérimentale." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4048/document.
Full textDue to a collaborationbetween IMN of Nantes and STMicroelectronics Tours, the aim of this study is the development of silicon etching simulator using Bosch process Nowadays used for microelectronics devices such as 3D capacitors or vias, Bosch process is a cyclic plasma etching process. Two plasmas are needed, a SF₆ plasma to etch silicon by chemical way, using mainly chemical processes. A C₄F₈ plasma which allows the deposition of fluorocarbon species into a “Teflon-Like” polymer, to passivate sidewalls of the trenches and protect them from chemical etching. This polymer is removed by ion bombardment. By the repetition of a large amount of SF₆/C₄F₈pulses, the process leads to the creation of features with a high aspect ratio (a high depth for a low aperture).To develop an intimate knowledge about physical and chemical interactions involved in Bosch process, we develop a simulation tool based on a multiscale approach. This software allows to track the etch profile evolution versus operating conditions (pressure, power, flow rate, reactor diameter and height). Kinetic model provides space-avergaed values of plasma paramters at steady state. Sheath model determines ion energy and angular distribution functions. Surface model manages these data to know temporal evolution of a representative feature into the substrate surface exposed to Bosch process. To validate the model, we carried out some experiments at IMN, dedicated to plasma phase measurements, and at STMicroelectronics Tours, dedicated to the study of the influence of theoperating conditions on the etch profile evolution
Solar, Mathieu. "Simulations numériques de dynamique moléculaire du contact normal et tangentiel sur surfaces de polymères amorphes linéaires : vers une meilleure compréhension de la physique locale du contact." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/SOLAR_Mathieu_2010.pdf.
Full textThe improvement of polymer behavior requires a better understanding of the local physics of their contact mechanics. Continuum Mechanics (CM) approach is nevertheless limited when the local physics contributes to the global behaviour, because the matter is seen as a continuous medium. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are more relevant in such a situation because they consider molecular details and use a statistic thermodynamic formulation. In this work, MD simulations of nano-indentation and nano-scratch tests are studied on linear amorphous polymer surfaces. The tested volume elements are close to the Representative Volume Element of the model of linear amorphous polymer. First, results of MD simulations exhibit good correlations with experimental indentation data, and a study of local friction during scratch tests propose some origins to local friction. Then, an analysis of bond orientation in polymer chains display the existence of a small sheared layer under the tip, during indentation and scratch. The thickness of this small sheared layer depends on the interaction between the tip and the polymer film, on the roughness of the tip, and on the cristallographic pattern of the tip. At last, we sketch out an original link between DM and CM by investigating one-dimensional mechanical behavior of the numerical model of polymer. Finally, our results on local microstructural changes in the polymer (during indentation and scratch) are a first step for a better comprehension of local physics of contact mechanics on polymer surfaces
Pécastaings, Gilles. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation de la mésostructure de composites polymères-noir de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813629.
Full textRavion, Olivier. "Modélisation de la synthèse de polymères par fonctionnalisation statistique : cas d'un polymère synthétique : un polystrène substitué "DNA-like" et de polymères naturels : l'héparine et les héparanes sulfates." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132013.
Full textTrément, Sébastien. "Simulations gros grains de systèmes complexes et forces d’interactions : du microscopique au mésoscopique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112227.
Full textA molten polymer is a complex liquid consisting of macromolecular chains. These chains have many different time scales. All these scales present a real challenge to numerical simulations and exceed the computational capabilities of today's computers. A current topic of research therefore focuses on the development of mesoscopic models. The main idea behind coarse-graining is to eliminate fast degrees of freedom grouping atoms or molecules into clusters (or monomers). This monomer is represented by a soft sphere operating in a thermal bath generated by the fast degrees of freedom eliminated during the coarse-graining. Particle dynamics is therfore stochastic. Dissipative particle dyna-mics, which includes these ideas, is a combination of molecular dynamics, Lattice Gas Automata and Brownian dynamics. DPD force field consist of a soft interaction and a thermostat (dissipative and random force) and parameters of DPD interaction are generally optimized to match some macroscopic properties like compressibility or self-diffusion coefficient. This approach is difficult to apply to polymer melt. To overcome this problem, we apply an operational procedure available in the literature to the cons-truction of conservative and dissipative forces of DPD force field for pure substances and mixtures. We also show that in order to calculate the dissipative forces, the underlying molecular dynamics must be altered by constraining the position of the mo-nomers. Transport coefficients are calculated by DPD and compared with those obtained by molecular dynamics. This work concludes with a study of the transferability of the force field of the monomer to a chain of polymers
Joie, Julie. "Simulation numérique des écoulements de liquides polymères." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546708.
Full textCuierrier, Étienne. "Vers la simulation de polymères cristaux liquides auxétiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11818.
Full textGérard, Hervé. "Simulation de spectres de résonance magnétique nucléaire de cristaux liquides, polymères cristaux liquides et polymères conventionnels." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10144.
Full textKorolkovas, Airidas. "Ecoulement de polymères enchevêtrés aux interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY092/document.
Full textShear responsive friction at solid-liquid interfaces could become an important component in various technologies such as microfluidics, lubrication and polymer processing. Our model system is a polymer brush grafted on a solid substrate, subject to shear flow by an entangled polymer solution. The structure of the brush was probed both experimentally by Rheo - Neutron Reflectometry, and by computer simulations based on soft blobs. In the simulations we demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to suppress polymer chain crossings and observe entanglement dynamics using only the soft blob repulsive potential. To confine the blobs between two hard plates we introduce a new boundary condition, mirror-and-shift, which enables a monotonic, rather than oscillatory, density profile climb at the interface. The simulation techniques are then combined and compared against experimental measurement of polymer brush thickness as a function of shear rate. A good quantitative agreement is obtained, concluding that the brush thickness collapses perpendicularly to the applied shear flow, and is thus a non-linear second order effect. We attribute this effect to the normal stress difference, commonly occurring in entangled polymer liquids in their shear thinning flow regime
Sorichetti, Valerio. "Nanoparticle dynamics in polymer solutions and gels : a simulation approach." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS113.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites, systems of polymers containing nanoparticles (NPs), are fascinating systems that have many applications in material science, biology and medicine, but also pose challenges to theoretical physics. One of the fundamental problems in the physics of nanocomposites is to understand how the structure and dynamics of the system depends on key parameters, such as NP size and volume fraction and the typical size of the polymeric mesh. In this thesis we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural and dynamic properties of NPs embedded in liquid and solid polymer-nanocomposites. We observe that when weakly attractive, well dispersed NPs are added to a dense polymer solution, both the polymers and the NPs experience a dynamical slowing down. We find that, in qualitative agreement with experiments, this dynamical slowing down is captured by a confinement parameter in the form h/λ, where h is the average distance between the surfaces of neighboring NPs (interparticle distance). We are able to show that for the NPs, λ can be interpreted as the hydrodynamic radius of the NP, whereas for the polymers it behaves as a cooperativity length scale. Simulating disordered, polydisperse polymer networks containing purely repulsive NPs, we find that small NPs can freely diffuse through the entanglement mesh, while large NPs are transiently trapped and can only move through a sequence of ``jumps'' (hopping motion). We find that the parameter controlling NP localization is the ratio between the NP diameter and the localization length of the crosslinks. Finally, we propose a new method to characterize the geometrical mesh size in polymer liquids, a quantity that is important to describe the diffusion of NP in a disordered medium
Memari, Namin Peyman. "Perméation des gaz dans les polymères semi-cristallins par modélisation moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580716.
Full textKempfer, Kévin. "Simulation multi-échelle de l'interaction polymère-charge." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC051.
Full textIn the tire industry, the addition of nanosized silica fillers into rubber is a commonly used process due to the outstanding mechanical properties of the resulting composite material. However, the link between the underlying chemistry and the mechanical behavior of this material remains unsolved. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this system using molecular simulation. In order to cover wide length and time scales, inherent to this type of material, we took the route of applying a multiscale simulation strategy. Starting from coarse-grained reference trajectories obtained from higher resolution molecular dynamics trajectories, we build realistic coarse-grained dissipative dynamics models by using the bayesian optimization method. Our models quantitatively predict the characteristic behavior of entangled polymer chains. This multiscale approach, extended to the polymer-silica interaction, allows us to successfully model the thermodynamic, the structural, and the dynamic properties of a system made up of one silica nanoparticle, grafted or not, dispersed in an amorphous polymer matrix. This work opens the way towards the quantitative prediction of the viscoelastic properties of reinforced rubbers on time scales up to the microsecond. These time scales, inaccessible by mean of an atomistic description, are now reachable thanks to our coarse potentials
Berti, Stefano. "Non-Newtonian turbulence : viscoelastic fluids and binary mixtures." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4079.
Full textThis thesis presents a theoretical and numerical study of turbulence in non-Newtonian fluids. The dynamics of these systems can be modelled in terms of transported active fields and constitutes a subject of general interest in complex fluid’s physics. Their peculiar rheological properties make them attractive also for engineering applications. The major part of the work concerns turbulence in dilute polymer solutions, i. E. Viscoelastic fluids. Two issues are considered : the small-scale statistics at moderate values of elasticity in a fully developed turbulence regime ; the destabilization of a laminar flow by means of purely elastic non linearities. The effect of polymers on small-scale turbulence has been studied in a simplified viscoelastic fluid model, in a homogeneous isotropic configuration. The modifications on the turbulent cascade have been addressed, as well as their consequences on small-scale statistics. In the opposite limit of negligible inertial non linearities, polymeric degrees of freedom can destabilize a flow, when the elasticity of the solution is large enough. At growing elasticity, a transition to chaotic, and turbulent, states is observed. The experimental phenomenology has been numerically reproduced and statistical properties have been characterized. Another item considered is that of binary mixtures. Phase separation between two fluids has been investigated in presence of an externally forced velocity field. The competition between thermodynamic forces and local shears has been examined in both active and passive mixtures and the marginal role of Lagrangian chaos in the phenomenon of coarsening arrest has been highlighted
Cizeron, Jérome. "Simulation numérique du glissement à la paroi des polymères fondus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10009.
Full textGuo, Shu. "Modélisation et simulation 3D de la rupture des polymères amorphes." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0069/document.
Full textWe investigate 3D effect of crack tip palsticity and the influence of the thickness on 3D glassy polymer fracture. The characteristuc constitutive law with a viscoplastic yield stress followed by softening and progressive hardening is accoutne for and implemented in a UMAt routine, in abaqus. The crack tip fields are investigated and 2D plasne strain versus 3D calculations compared. Qualitatively, the palstic distribution are comparableas soon as the ratio thickness over crack tip radius is larger than 20. However, the 2D calculations over estimate the stress distribution compared to the 3D cases. We have accounted for failure by crazing that is described with a cohesive models. A parametric study sheds light on the methodology to use for the calibration of the cohesive parameters. The simulations show that for a ratio thickness over craci tip radius larger than 20, a minimum tuoghness can be observed. This results has implication on the definition of a thickness larger enough experimentally
Nguyen, Minh Quan. "Simulation numérique des interactions fluides-polymères dans le cadre d'une turbulence homogène isotrope." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC026/document.
Full textNo abstract
Clavier, Germain. "Étude à l'échelle moléculaire des propriétés mécaniques des polymères semi-cristallins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS373/document.
Full textAs part of a project aiming to predict mechanical properties of semicrystalline polymers using multi-scale models, we did a numerical study at the molecular level during this thesis. Semicrystalline polymers are special in that they contain two phases: one crystalline and one amorphous. This makes their molecular modelling an actual scientific challenge. The interface between the phases is still not directly observable through experiment and in order to build a model of this interface, many assumptions and hypotheses are to be done. Furthermore, the length of the molecules, relaxation times associated with their dynamics and the difference of internal structure between the phases are parameters that have to be taken into consideration because of the typical scales of time and space in molecular simulation. This work is built along two axes: the construction of a molecular model for semicrystalline polymer and a review of the methods that are proposed to compute mechanical properties at the molecular scale. The originality of this work is, on the one hand, the comparative benchmark of the different computation methods, and, on the other hand, the making of a molecular model which takes explicitly in account the interface between amorphous and crystalline phases
Shahsavari, Bedoustani Ashkan. "Dynamique des polymères à grande densité d'interactions fortes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1133/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the dynamic properties of polymers with high densities of strong intermolecular interactions, depending on the energy and the density of these interactions. This study is carried out by the molecular dynamics method
Hanot, Samuel. "L'eau confinée dans des matériaux nanostructurés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY058/document.
Full textWater is omnipresent and plays a decisive role in a myriad of processes.However, it is often found hidden in tiny cells, pores, or channels. Insuch cases, the usual “bulk” features of water are modified by thelimited available space and the interactions of individual moleculeswith the confining material. Elucidating the properties of water in suchconfined states is critical and general understanding can only beachieved through models. While water confined in model hard materialssuch as carbon nanotubes is well documented, we found that there existno general model to study water confined in soft materials, althoughthis has been an active research topic for decades and despite thenumerous models specific to one biomolecule or polymer that have beendeveloped. In this thesis, we present a numerical model of waterconfined in soft self-assembled environments, and we provide anunderstanding of how the interplay between water and the confiningmatrix affects the structure of the assemblies and transport propertiesof water. Our model confining matrix is composed of ionic surfactants.This versatile model is able to self-assemble to a wide variety ofconfining geometries.We focus on the role of interfaces in shaping the nanometer scalestructure, and nanosecond scale transport properties. This work is adeparture from the traditional approach to the problem of transport ofwater confined in soft nanomaterials. We show that the usual hypothesisof diffusive water transport does not hold due to trapping of moleculesat the interface with the confining matrix. Instead, we support apicture where transport is sub-diffusive, and we highlight the role ofthe length-scale of the confinement and of its topological features. Wefind that this rationale explains experimental results for waterconfined in synthetic materials, and that it is compatible with recentadvances in the understanding of biological water
Gueguen, Olivier. "Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behaviour of semi-crystalline polymers." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13073.
Full textSince the beginning of the XXth century, the plastic materials know a true development thanks to their good mechanical properties and their ease of processing. To estimate better the mechanical properties of these materials, we developed different mechanical models based on their morphology. The semi-crystalline polymer is composed of one crystalline and one amorphous phase with distinct mechanic and thermo-mechanic properties which allow us, by using homogenisation methods, to estimate the effective properties of the material such as its elasticity, its yield stress, its texture evolution… during a mechanical test. Our results are compared to experimental data at different temperatures and strain rates
Vettorel, Thomas. "Polymer crystallization studies by computer simulation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/VETTOREL_Thomas_2005.pdf.
Full textSemi-crystalline polymers are of great interest for industrial purposes, and the complex structures they involve as well as the mechanisms leading to the formation of crystals make their study very challenging. We investigated polymer crystallization by computer simulation via different methods: An atomisticly detailed model was used to reproduce the crystalline structure of short alkanes at low temperature, and continuous heating simulations gave rise to a transient phase that is well characterized in experiments. The same realistic model was used to simulate continuous cooling of the melt, but could not yield crystalline structures in a limited simulation time. In order to reproduce efficiently the characteristic features of semi-crystalline polymers, we used another simulation model which addresses larger length and time scales: This coarse-grained model allowed us to study the crystallization phenomenon in detail with several order parameters to characterize the crystal and its time evolution. The detailed study of the structure factors of the high-temperature melt has also been investigated so as to determine the influence of the liquid phase structure on crystal formation. These different studies yield a better understanding of the influence on crystallization of the various parameters entering the definitions of the simulation models
Mesmacque, Alexandre. "Étude de l'endommagement des polymères en transport pneumatique." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-326.pdf.
Full textNassar, Mohammad. "Simulation de la formation de films polymères par séchage de colloïdes aqueux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE005/document.
Full textDrying of colloidal dispersions, given their uses in several fields in everyday life, has been the subject of many studies for a long time. In this thesis, we first developed an unidirectional simulation, based on the principle of the cellular automaton, which deals with the problem of horizontal and vertical drying. This work makes it possible to predict, by numerical calculation, the distribution of the particles and the position of drying fronts in deposits in form of thin films.The profile of the film in the liquid part was studied. Our results have shown that the pressure in the fluid is the sum of the Laplace and hydrostatic pressures. This result affects the dynamics of particles in the fluid part of the dispersion, in particular convection. The collective diffusion of charged particles has also been studied. Contrary to what was predicted in previous theoretical models, we were able to show that the collective diffusion of the charged particles could be important even within the lubrication approximation. Finally, the 1D simulation was extended to 2D in order to understand the reason why two fronts in perpendicular directions (case of a rectangular geometry) advance at different speeds. A comparison between the experimental data for the drying of a silica dispersion and the numerical calculation shows good agreement
Frey, Stephan. "Propriétés viscoélastqiues des fondus de polymères vitrifiables." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE008/document.
Full textPolymer melts show a remarkable increase of their viscosity by many orders of magnitude on approaching the glass transition. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper insight into the viscoelastic properties of glass forming polymer melts. The polymers are modeled as flexible chains using a bead-spring model. The dynamic properties are analyzed in the framework of the ideal mode-coupling theory. We find that the critical temperature of the ideal mode-coupling theory scales with the reciprocal chain length. By studying the shear relaxation function we find that the polymer relaxation processes are not altered but shifted to later times in the approach of the glass transition
Hassou, Maria. "Modélisation et simulation de la Formation des Nanocapsules polymériques par la méthode d’émulsion-diffusion." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/47/82/PDF/HASSOU.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this work is the comprehension and modeling of the mechanism of the polymeric nanocapsule formation by emulsion diffusion method. In this work we present a model of phases separation coupled with mass transfer for an open system. The proposed approach is based on the concept of local equilibrium. In this model, the phase separation is treated locally by using a preliminary test of stability based on Gibbs tangent plane criterion. This method is able to predict precisely the phase stability for a given volume dV and in the case of instability; to gives the exact number and composition of phases. And to describe the mass transfer, the mass balance equation, the molar flux and thermodynamic balance are established on each volume. The Flux of transfer of all the components are described by the diffusion model developed by Fornasiero and the mass transfer at the interface is described by the film model
Akkoyun, Serife. "Rhéologie de polymères fondus dans des entrefers micrométriques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0009.
Full textThe rheological behavior of polymer melts in microscale geometries is not really understood yet. In such processes which involve gaps thinner than 100µm (e.g. micro-injection molding), the material behaves differently compared to macroscopic flows. Besides, most polymer processing techniques involve pressure flows and only very few studies can be found about pressure flows in such thin geometries. The aim of this study was, first, to develop an experimental method which can provide relevant data about the rheological behavior of polymer melts in pressure flow taking place in microscale geometries. In order to get better descriptions of the physics involved in such flows, numerical simulation with commercial and home-made softwares was also implemented, especially with molecular dynamics constitutive models. Thus, a modular rheometrical slit die equipped with pressure and temperature transducers was designed to be adapted to a capillary rheometer, with different gap dimensions available, between 50µm and 200µm. The device was assessed by comparing to usual rheological ones, and wall slip was investigated according to Mooney’s method. Then, simulation of the flow was performed with POLYFLOW®. The pressure effect on the geometry and on the polymer material was investigated. Besides, simulation was also conducted with MATLAB® by implementing the Doi-Edwards’ tube model (reptation theory) and the Molecular Stress Function concept of Wagner to take into account the enhanced orientation of the molecules due to the very close vicinity of the die walls. Experimental results were compared to calculations, and the discussion of the discrepancies was supported by POLYFLOW® simulations. The conclusions somewhat modify the prospects for future studies of such flows
Defauchy, Denis. "Simulation du procédé de fabrication directe de pièces thermoplastiques par fusion laser de poudre." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871731.
Full textSahli, Mohamed Lakhdar. "Contribution à l'analyse, modélisation et simulation de la mise en forme de microcomposants polymères biotolérés par micromoulage par injection et estampage à chaud." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2055.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis constitutes a contribution to the development and study of hot embossing and micro injection moulding of thermoplastic polymers. Understanding of physical phenomena involved and thus enable better control of the process and according to ensure the qualily optimization of micro components developed. The work presented in this thesis is structured around the experimental study involving the testing of replications of form in relief (positive) or hollow (negative), a rheologicaJ and linear viscoelastic studies, realised on an extremely wide range of temperatures. It is implemented in order to have a more database of rheological and physical propcrtics to adequately consider in the development of the components with complex form have a volume of less than 1 cm by the two forming processes. Some models of hot embossing process were then developed. These approaches increasing simulation of thc preparation and verification of thc sclcctcd opcrating conditions for a given polymer have been established with the aim of fostering or not obtain a filling the superficial cavitics or drops on a vcrtical of surface. The results of the model are validated using experimentaI measurements involve the flow rheology, the contact mechanics or the finite element method in order to show the role of each parameter process/material in moulding. Much attention has been brought to a comparative study bctwecn the two forming processes. This allows to characterizing the influence of experimental parameters associated with shape of cavitics. To process and with the physical and mechanical propertics of materials tested and the quality of moulded components with high potential of the scanning mechanical microscopy (SMM)
Teyssedre, Hubert. "Simulation du procédé de nanoimpression thermiquesur silicium revêtu d’un film polymère ultramince." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0047/document.
Full textSurface nanostructuring is an intriguing field of materials physics that has been largely ado-pted for both aesthetic and functional purposes. Nanostructures can be present in nature (water repellent effect of the lotus leaf) or produced for industrial applications, and they can be manufactured by lithography. Thermal nanoimprint is the process studied in this thesis, which is an inexpensive method to replicate the micro- and nanostructures of a mold into the surface of a substrate. This embossing method consists in printing the mold into a thin film of thermoplastic polymer (50 to 500 nm in thickness) previously deposited on the substrate. A further etching step may transfer the imprinted patterns into the latter. The aim of this work is to evaluate the imprint speeds of the structures in thin polystyrene films on a silicon substrate. A numerical simulation software has been developed, which uses the Constrained Natural Elements Method (C-NEM). Our main contribution was to integrate three essential phenomena at the nanoscale: surface tension, wetting, and slip at the fluid-solid interface. Combined with a non-linear viscous behavior, this is shown to describe partially but sufficiently the physical phenomena that occur during printing. Therefore, this work lies halfway between simple analytical models, with a very limited scope of use, and complex models too expensive for simulation, such as finite strain viscoelasticity. Finally, this thesis addresses the problem of the characterization of a polymer in thin films. One of the major challenges faced here was to apply the macroscopic mechanical behavior to thin films. The experimental validation of the theory developed in the first part has corroborated this approach and revealed its limitations. This set of theoretical and experimental developments is a first step towards the design of a numerical tool for optimizing the thermal nanoimprint process
Touati, Abdellaziz. "Analyse du retrait et réduction des déformations en stéréolithographie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL041N.
Full textArnold, Céline. "Formation de films minces polymères à partir de nanocolloides composites." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the formation of waterborne polymer films and is part of the integrated European project Napoleon (NAnostructured waterborne POLymEr films with OutstaNding properties). Two main topics were investigated: the drying mechanisms and the distribution of the surfactant in the latexes and the dry films. The effect of some relevant physicochemical parameters (composition, size of the particles, pH of the latex) has been studied on a range of homogeneous and composite (containing a mineral filler: laponite or montmorillonite) acrylic latexes stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The surface of the dry films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bulk of the films was investigated during drying by magnetic resonance profiling (MRP) and in the dry state by confocal Raman spectroscopy in order to obtain essentially the distribution of the surfactant. A model based on the transport and the diffusion of the surfactant during drying has been developed to explain the formation of SDS aggregates in the films. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the adsorption/desorption of the surfactant at the water/particle interface in a drying latex
Gali, Sai Manoj. "Modélisation des relations structure / propriétés de transport de charge dans les matériaux pour l'électronique organique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0693/document.
Full textWith the advancement of technology, miniaturized electronic devices are progressively integrated into our everyday lives, generating concerns about cost, efficiency and environmental impact of electronic waste. Organic electronics offers a tangible solution paving the way for low-cost, flexible, transparent and environment friendly devices. However, improving the functionalities of organic (opto) electronic devices such as light emitting diodes and photovoltaics still poses technological challenges due to factors like low efficiencies, performance stability, flexibility etc. Although more and more organic materials are being developed to meet these challenges, one of the fundamental concerns still arises from the lack of established protocols that correlate the inherent properties of organic materials like the chemical structure, molecular conformation, supra-molecular arrangement to their resulting charge-transport characteristics.In this context, this thesis addresses the prediction of charge transport properties of organic semiconductors through theoretical and computational studies at the atomistic scale, developed along three main axes :(I) Structure-charge transport relationships of crystalline organic materials and the role of energetic fluctuations in amorphous polymeric organic semiconductors. Kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) studies employing the Marcus-Levich-Jortner rate formalism are performed on ten crystalline Group IV phthalocyanine derivatives and trends linking the crystalline arrangement to the anisotropic mobility of electrons and holes are obtained. Subsequently, KMC simulations based on the simpler Marcus formalism are performed on an amorphous semiconducting fluorene-triphenylamine (TFB) copolymer, to highlight the impact of energetic fluctuations on charge transport characteristics. A methodology is proposed to include these fluctuations towards providing a semi-quantitative estimate of charge-carrier mobilities at reduced computational cost.(II) Impact of a mechanical strain on the electronic and charge transport properties of crystalline organic materials. Crystalline rubrene and its polymorphs, as well as BTBT derivatives (well studied high mobility organic materials) are subjected to mechanical strain and their electronic response is analyzed. Employing tools like Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations and plane wave DFT (PW-DFT) calculations, unusual electro-mechanical coupling between different crystallographic axes is demonstrated, highlighting the role of inherent anisotropy that is present in the organic single crystals which translates in an anisotropy of their electro-mechanical coupling.(III) Protonation-dependent conformation of polyelectrolyte and its role in governing the conductivity of polymeric conducting complexes. Polymeric bis(sulfonyl)imide substituted polystyrenes are currently employed as counter-ions and dopants for conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), resulting in PEDOT-polyelectrolyte conducting complexes. Employing MD simulations and DFT calculations, inherent characteristics of the polyelectrolyte like its acid-base behavior, protonation state and conformation, are analyzed in conjunction with available experimental data and the role of these characteristics in modulating the conductivity of resulting PEDOT-polyelectrolyte conducting complexes is highlighted.The above studies, performed on different organic electronic systems, emphasize the importance of inherent characteristics of organic materials in governing the charge transport behavior in these materials. By considering the inherent characteristics of organic electronic materials and systematically incorporating them into simulation models, accuracy of simulation predictions can be greatly improved, thereby serving not only as a tool to design new, stable and high performance organic materials but also for optimizing device performances
Lamontagne, Jérôme. "Vieillissement des bitumes modifiés polymères à usage routier par simulation et techniques spectroscopiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30002.
Full textRoad bitumens undergo during their road service life some ageing reactions resulting in a loss of mechanical properties of the pavement. In order to improve these performances an addition of some polymers is necessary. The polymer modified bitumens (PmB) are materials which the structure is complex and depend on at the same time the polymer nature, its concentration, the chemical composition of the bitumen and the manufacture process. The analytical microspectrometry be confirmed indispensables to characterise chemically the PmB microphases. In order to follow continually the PmB ageing, a new methodology was developed allowing to visualise and analyse the different phases of these systems without change the equilibrium repartition of bitumen and polymer phases. It was demonstrated in the case of bitumens modified by a SBS, an homogenisation of the polymer repartition in the bosom of the PmB. For the bitumens modified by EVA and EBA, the rate of swelling of these polymers decreases
Fleury, Alexandre. "Dynamique des états de l’eau au sein de polymères perfluorés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10385.
Full textTaleb, Mandana. "Phénomènes aux interfaces des isolants : mesure et simulation." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1550/.
Full textDue to their thermal, electrical or mechanical properties, solid organic dielectrics are more and more used in electronic, electrical and microelectronic domains. However, these dielectrics are mainly used in systems where they are in contact with other components: with semi-conducting screens in High Voltage cables, with substrates and other dielectrics in multi-layer systems, with micro or nano-particles of organic or inorganic materials. Interfaces exist in such systems and contribute to the space charge accumulation in solid dielectrics. This charge build-up can lead to dielectric breakdown, meaning the failure of the system. The major problem remains the physical description of these interfaces, as it is known that injection of charges from the interfaces is determinant in the charge generation and transport. Indeed, theoretical approaches like the Schottky injection law do not provide an adequate description of experimental currents in wide band gap insulations. Recently, surface states at the metal/organic interface were suggested as the source of additional energetic disorder, localized near the interface. Localized states at the interface are known to have a large impact on charge injection and extraction so a better understanding of the interface mechanisms is then necessary in order to develop an alternative model for charge injection. The aim of this work is to better understand the impact of the nature of the metal and of the surface topology on the charge generation at a metal/ dielectric interface. This work is based on a dual approach modeling and experience. The insulation used is here is the low density polyethylene (LDPE). First, we characterized experimentally metal / insulator interfaces thanks to the available measures (measures of space charge, current conduction, luminescence, profilometry. . . ). In a second step, we developed a numerical model capable of taking into account the surface states. The approach is original, because the study focuses on charge injection and transport with an exponential distribution of energy states at the interface
Rocha, da silva Luisa Alexandra. "Écoulements viscoélastiques et compressibles avec application à la simulation 3D de l'injection de polymères." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001274.
Full textBouzou, Bérengère. "Apports de la simulation dans l'étude des interactions de polymères biospécifiques avec le vivant." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132014.
Full textRocha, da Silva Luisa Alexandra. "Ecoulements viscoélastiques et compressibles avec application à la simulation 3D de l'injection de polymères." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1272.
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