Journal articles on the topic 'Simulation vehicle model'
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1
He, Yinglong, Michail Makridis, Konstantinos Mattas, Georgios Fontaras, Biagio Ciuffo, and Hongming Xu. "Introducing Electrified Vehicle Dynamics in Traffic Simulation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (July 7, 2020): 776–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120931842.
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Many studies have highlighted the added value of incorporating vehicle dynamics into microsimulation. Such models usually focus on simulation of conventional vehicles, failing to account for the acceleration dynamics of electrified vehicles that have different power characteristics from those of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). In addition, none of them have explicitly dealt with the vehicle’s deceleration characteristics. Although it is not commonly considered critical how a vehicle decelerates, unrealistic behaviors in simulations can distort both traffic flow and emissions results. The present work builds on the lightweight microsimulation free-flow acceleration (MFC) model and proposes an extension, marking the first attempt to address these research gaps. First, a comprehensive review of dynamics-based car-following (including free-flow) models is conducted. Second, the methodology of the MFC model to capture the dynamics of electrified vehicles is described. Then, the experimental setup in different dimensions is introduced for the model validation and implementation. Finally, the results of this study indicate that: (1) the acceleration and deceleration potential curves underlying the MFC model can accurately represent real dynamics of electrified vehicles tested on the chassis dynamometer; (2) smooth transitions can be guaranteed after implementing the MFC model in microsimulation; (3) when reproducing the on-road driving trajectories, the MFC model can deliver significant reductions in root mean square error (RMSE) of speed (by ∼69%) and acceleration (by ∼50%) compared with benchmarks; (4) the MFC model can accurately predict the vehicle 0–100 km/h acceleration specifications, with RMSE 49.4% and 56.8% lower than those of the Gipps model and the intelligent driver model (IDM), respectively.
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Na, Liu. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HYBRID VEHICLE’S RECUPERATION BRAKING MODE." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 44 (November 30, 2020): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2020.44.182-187.
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The paper considers the synthesis of mathematical model of recuperation braking mode for hybrid vehicle as a complex control object. The results of computer simulation as diagrams of transients of different operating parameters of hybrid vehicle power system are obtained on the basis of developed model. The analysis of simulation results confirms the adequacy of the mathematic model of the recuperation braking mode of hybrid vehicle to real processes. The developed model can be used for synthesis of automatic control systems of the electric motors, power converters, power supplies and chargers for hybrid vehicles. Hematical and simulation models of the hybrid vehicle’s recuperation braking mode is carried out. The presented models are based on equations of physics of processes and allow to study the recuperation braking mode of the different types hybrid vehicles under various conditions and parameters values (initial linear vehicle’s speed, electrical power of generator, inclination angle and the quality of the road surface, etc.). The designed mathematical model has a rather high adequacy to the real processes, which take place in the hybrid vehicles in the recuperation braking mode, that is confirmed by the obtained simulation results in the form of graphs of transients of the main variables changes. Further research should be conducted towards the development of the functional structures, control devices as well as software and hardware for automatic control systems of the different types hybrid vehicles on the basis of the obtained mathematical and simulation models.
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Jin, Li Qiang, and Chuan Xue Song. "A Parameterized Simulation Model for Multi-Axle Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.170.
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This paper presents a mathematical model for multi-axle vehicles Inclusive of steering system, suspension system, tire model, body system. Considering possible factors related to turning motion such as vehicle configuration and suspension, equations of motion were constructed to predict steerability and stability of these vehicles. Turning radius, slip angle at the mass center, and each wheel velocity were obtained by numerically solving the equations. The simulation model is made by MATLAB based on the mathematic equation. To analyze the influence of the wheelbase layout on vehicle stability, driving performance and stability of the vehicle with three wheelbase layout is simulated based on the present model. It is concluded that the wheelbase between second axle and third axle should be long to get better stability when vehicle turning with rear axles.
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Noei, Shirin, Mohammadreza Parvizimosaed, and Mohammadreza Noei. "Longitudinal Control for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Contested Environments." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161994.
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The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) defines six levels of driving automation, ranging from Level 0 to Level 5. Automated driving systems perform entire dynamic driving tasks for Levels 3–5 automated vehicles. Delegating dynamic driving tasks from driver to automated driving systems can eliminate crashes attributed to driver errors. Sharing status, sharing intent, seeking agreement, or sharing prescriptive information between road users and vehicles dedicated to automated driving systems can further enhance dynamic driving task performance, safety, and traffic operations. Extensive simulation is required to reduce operating costs and achieve an acceptable risk level before testing cooperative automated driving systems in laboratory environments, test tracks, or public roads. Cooperative automated driving systems can be simulated using a vehicle dynamics simulation tool (e.g., CarMaker and CarSim) or a traffic microsimulation tool (e.g., Vissim and Aimsun). Vehicle dynamics simulation tools are mainly used for verification and validation purposes on a small scale, while traffic microsimulation tools are mainly used for verification purposes on a large scale. Vehicle dynamics simulation tools can simulate longitudinal, lateral, and vertical dynamics for only a few vehicles in each scenario (e.g., up to ten vehicles in CarMaker and up to twenty vehicles in CarSim). Conventional traffic microsimulation tools can simulate vehicle-following, lane-changing, and gap-acceptance behaviors for many vehicles in each scenario without simulating vehicle powertrain. Vehicle dynamics simulation tools are more compute-intensive but more accurate than traffic microsimulation tools. Due to software architecture or computing power limitations, simplifying assumptions underlying convectional traffic microsimulation tools may have been a necessary compromise long ago. There is, therefore, a need for a simulation tool to optimize computational complexity and accuracy to simulate many vehicles in each scenario with reasonable accuracy. This research proposes a traffic microsimulation tool that employs a simplified vehicle powertrain model and a model-based fault detection method to simulate many vehicles with reasonable accuracy at each simulation time step under noise and unknown inputs. Our traffic microsimulation tool considers driver characteristics, vehicle model, grade, pavement conditions, operating mode, vehicle-to-vehicle communication vulnerabilities, and traffic conditions to estimate longitudinal control variables with reasonable accuracy at each simulation time step for many conventional vehicles, vehicles dedicated to automated driving systems, and vehicles equipped with cooperative automated driving systems. Proposed vehicle-following model and longitudinal control functions are verified for fourteen vehicle models, operating in manual, automated, and cooperative automated modes over two driving schedules under three malicious fault magnitudes on transmitted accelerations.
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Sun, Dihua, Hui Liu, Geng Zhang, and Min Zhao. "The new car following model considering vehicle dynamics influence and numerical simulation." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 07 (April 30, 2015): 1550081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500813.
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In this paper, the car following model is investigated by considering the vehicle dynamics in a cyber physical view. In fact, that driving is a typical cyber physical process which couples the cyber aspect of the vehicles' information and driving decision tightly with the dynamics and physics of the vehicles and traffic environment. However, the influence from the physical (vehicle) view was been ignored in the previous car following models. In order to describe the car following behavior more reasonably in real traffic, a new car following model by considering vehicle dynamics (for short, D-CFM) is proposed. In this paper, we take the full velocity difference (FVD) car following model as a case. The stability condition is given on the base of the control theory. The analytical method and numerical simulation results show that the new models can describe the evolution of traffic congestion. The simulations also show vehicles with a more actual acceleration of starting process than early models.
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Szántó, András, and Sándor Hajdu. "Vehicle Modelling and Simulation in Simulink." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.33.
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In this paper a vehicle dynamics model is presented, which is an example that contains all the necessary aspects of making a decent vehicle model. Several examples show the use of such a model: basic vehicle dynamics phenomena can be recognized with the simulation of a detailed vehicle model. We are dealing with the connection between downforce and under/oversteer in this paper. In addition, the use of numerical simulations in the field of control systems is pointed out by an example of simulating an ABS control for the vehicle.
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Wang, Zewei, Xingjun Hu, Zheng Hui, Guo Yu, Wei Lan, and Fei Liu. "Aerodynamic characteristics of MIRA automobile model based on fluid–structure coupling." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083618.
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In this paper, the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle model are analyzed through numerical simulation considering the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect, and the accuracy of the simulation method is verified by comparison with the wind tunnel experiment. Then, the wind-induced vibration of vehicles under time-varying crosswind is studied and applied to engineering problems, such as vehicle sideslip and roll. The results show that the deviation between the FSI simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 10%, proving that the numerical method is feasible. The FSI effect on the aerodynamic lift is obvious, and its influence mechanism is mainly due to the change in body position, which changes the topological structure of the shedding or separated vortex in the flow field. As for the aerodynamic lift, a big gap exists between the results of the numerical simulations with and without coupling; high-intensity side wind will seriously affect the vehicle stability, and the uncoupled numerical simulation decreases the accuracy of the vehicle design.
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Wang, Rui, Hao Zhang, Xian Sheng Li, Xue Lian Zheng, and Yuan Yuan Ren. "Vehicle Dynamics Model Establishing and Dynamic Characteristic Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.244.
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By establishing bus simplify coordinate system model and equivalent mechanical model, inertial forces and external forces are analyzed through vehicle lateral movement and vehicle's yaw motion and roll motion. Three degrees of freedom linear motion equation of vehicle is established taking into account lateral motion, yawing movement and rolling motion of vehicle and it can be solved by using method of state space equation. Vehicle dynamic characteristics are analyzed by using this method and programming with Matlab. Vehicle in steering wheel angle step response is analyzed under the conditions of different tire wheel cornering stiffness, moment of inertia, height of center of mass. The results show that increasing rear wheel cornering stiffness, reducing front wheel cornering stiffness and center of mass height, which can effectively improve stability of vehicle. Simulation results provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection and design of vehicle.
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Xiao, Lin, Meng Wang, and Bart van Arem. "Realistic Car-Following Models for Microscopic Simulation of Adaptive and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2623, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2623-01.
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Adaptive cruise control (ACC) and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) are important technologies for the achievement of vehicle automation, and their effect on traffic systems generally is evaluated with microscopic traffic simulations. A successful simulation requires realistic vehicle behavior and minimal vehicle collisions. However, most existing ACC-CACC simulation studies used simplified models that were not based on real vehicle response. The studies rarely addressed collision avoidance in the simulation. The study presented in this paper developed a realistic and collision-free car-following model for ACC-CACC vehicles. A multiregime model combining a realistic ACC-CACC system with driver intervention for vehicle longitudinal motions is proposed. This model assumes that a human driver resumes vehicle control either according to his or her assessment or after a collision warning asks the driver to take over. The proposed model was tested in a wide range of scenarios to explore model performance and collision possibilities. The testing scenarios included three regular scenarios of stop-and-go, approaching, and cut-out maneuvers, as well as two extreme safety-concerned maneuvers of hard brake and cut-in. The simulation results show that the proposed model is collision free in the full-speed-range operation with leader accelerations within −1 to 1 m/s2 and in approaching and cut-out scenarios. Those results indicate that the proposed ACC-CACC car-following model can produce realistic vehicle response without causing vehicle collisions in regular scenarios for vehicle string operations.
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Susarev, Sergey V., Sergey P. Orlov, Elizaveta E. Bizyukova, and Roman A. Uchaikin. "APPLICATION OF PETRI NET MODELS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF AUTONOMOUS AGRICULTURAL VEHICLE MAINTENANCE." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 58 (2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2021-58-84-98-104.
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A complex of simulation models was developed to study the processes of repair and maintenance of the system of autonomous agricultural vehicles. The general structure of the diagnostic system for robotic agricultural vehicles was presented. The hierarchical structure of simulation models for a robotic vehicle was described. A temporary colored Petri net model was proposed. The model makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of predictive maintenance for a given failure rate of vehicle units and aggregates. A formal description of an autonomous vehicle was developed in the form of the primary parameter multisets. The experimental results of the simulation modelling confirmed the model adequacy. The results are applied to study the work of an autonomous vehicle group in agricultural fields under difficult operating conditions.
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R. Sushma and J. Satheesh Kumar. "Dynamic Vehicle Modelling and Controlling Techniques for Autonomous Vehicle Systems." December 2022 4, no. 4 (January 9, 2023): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2022.4.007.
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The driving scenario of an automated vehicle is the crucial technology in the design of autonomous cars. This suggested approach aims to address the shortcomings of autonomous cars, such as their poor real- time performance and low control precision. The process for building a virtual simulation environment for autonomous vehicle testing and validation is described in this study. Model Predictive Control and Proportional Integral and Derivative Control are used in MATLAB simulation to build three car models. These are related to the 2D and 3D animation used in collision detection and visualization. The virtual engine visualization is included throughout the model. A variety of test circumstances are used to validate the simulation model, and the model’s performance is assessed in the presence of various barriers. The simulation's findings demonstrate that the autonomous vehicle has a strong potential for self-adaptation even in challenging and complex working environments. No instances of car sideslip or track departure have been noted. It is discovered that this autonomous car performs remarkably well overall when compared to other autonomous vehicles. The suggested approach is essential for enhancing autonomous vehicle driving safety, maintaining vehicle control in challenging situations, and improving the advancement of intelligent vehicle driving assistance.
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Zhao, Danchen, Yaochen Li, and Yuehu Liu. "Simulating Dynamic Driving Behavior in Simulation Test for Unmanned Vehicles via Multi-Sensor Data." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071670.
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Driving behavior is the main basis for evaluating the performance of an unmanned vehicle. In simulation tests of unmanned vehicles, in order for simulation results to be approximated to the actual results as much as possible, model of driving behaviors must be able to exhibit actual motion of unmanned vehicles. We propose an automatic approach of simulating dynamic driving behaviors of vehicles in traffic scene represented by image sequences. The spatial topological attributes and appearance attributes of virtual vehicles are computed separately according to the constraint of geometric consistency of sparse 3D space organized by image sequence. To achieve this goal, we need to solve three main problems: Registration of vehicle in a 3D space of road environment, vehicle’s image observed from corresponding viewpoint in the road scene, and consistency of the vehicle and the road environment. After the proposed method was embedded in a scene browser, a typical traffic scene including the intersections was chosen for a virtual vehicle to execute the driving tasks of lane change, overtaking, slowing down and stop, right turn, and U-turn. The experimental results show that different driving behaviors of vehicles in typical traffic scene can be exhibited smoothly and realistically. Our method can also be used for generating simulation data of traffic scenes that are difficult to collect.
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Abbas, Taimoor, Katrin Sjöberg, Johan Karedal, and Fredrik Tufvesson. "A Measurement Based Shadow Fading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Simulations." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/190607.
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The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation channel has significant implications on the design and performance of novel communication protocols for vehicularad hocnetworks (VANETs). Extensive research efforts have been made to develop V2V channel models to be implemented in advanced VANET system simulators for performance evaluation. The impact of shadowing caused by other vehicles has, however, largely been neglected in most of the models, as well as in the system simulations. In this paper we present a shadow fading model targeting system simulations based on real measurements performed in urban and highway scenarios. The measurement data is separated into three categories, line-of-sight (LOS), obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) by vehicles, and non-line-of-sight due to buildings, with the help of video information recorded during the measurements. It is observed that vehicles obstructing the LOS induce an additional average attenuation of about 10 dB in the received signal power. An approach to incorporate the LOS/OLOS model into existing VANET simulators is also provided. Finally, system level VANET simulation results are presented, showing the difference between the LOS/OLOS model and a channel model based on Nakagami-mfading.
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Ramasamy, Latha, Ashok Kumar Loganathan, and Rajalakshmi Chinnasamy. "Mathematical modelling of vehicle drivetrain to predict energy consumption." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp638-646.
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Nowadays, <span>many firms have started producing electric vehicles (EVs). One of the biggest challenges to broad acceptance of electric vehicles is their limited range EVs. Forecasting future energy usage is one of the way to calculate the driving range. In this paper, a simulation model of the drivetrain has been developed to evaluate the energy flow of a vehicle for the given torque and speed conditions. The energy consumption of an electric vehicle is determined by the vehicle's attributes. Road torque, road speed, motor model, motor controller model, battery model, and PI controller are the primary components of the model. The overall resistive force offered by the vehicle, as well as energy consumption owing to resistive force during motoring and regeneration has been validated through the simulation results. Here, the vehicle model, Mercedes Benz Class C Saloon has been considered</span>.
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Nabagło, Tomasz, Andrzej Jurkiewicz, Marcin Apostoł, and Piotr Micek. "Simulation of 2S1 Tracked Vehicle Model with Modernized Suspension System during Crossing a Single Obstacle." Solid State Phenomena 208 (September 2013): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.208.140.
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In the article, three alternative models of 2S1 platform suspension system are presented. First model is based on existing construction of 2S1 platform suspension. Two next were modernized by usage of new solutions in tracked vehicles suspension technology. The solutions are especially associated with torsion spring element and idler mechanism. The authors have assumed simulation conditions for straight line driving of the vehicle models, while they overcome a single obstacle with one track. Results of all models simulations are compared and analyzed to improve stability of the vehicle while driving. There are also used a human response filter to determine less harmful driving conditions for vehicle crew.
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Nie, Xiaobo, Chuan Min, Yongjun Pan, Zhixiong Li, and Grzegorz Królczyk. "An Improved Deep Neural Network Model of Intelligent Vehicle Dynamics via Linear Decreasing Weight Particle Swarm and Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithms." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 4676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134676.
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We propose an improved DNN modeling method based on two optimization algorithms, namely the linear decreasing weight particle swarm optimization (LDWPSO) algorithm and invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm, for predicting vehicle’s longitudinal-lateral responses. The proposed improved method can restrain the solutions of weight matrices and bias matrices from falling into a local optimum while training the DNN model. First, dynamic simulations for a vehicle are performed based on an efficient semirecursive multibody model for real-time data acquisition. Next, the vehicle data are processed and used to train and test the improved DNN model. The vehicle responses, which are obtained from the LDWPSO-DNN and IWO-DNN models, are compared with the DNN and multibody results. The comparative results show that the LDWPSO-DNN and IWO-DNN models predict accurate longitudinal-lateral responses in real-time without falling into a local optimum. The improved DNN model based on optimization algorithms can be employed for real-time simulation and preview control in intelligent vehicles.
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Nhan, TRAN Huu, NGUYEN Ngoc Thanh, VO Ba Khanh Trinh, and NGUYEN Van Nguyen. "Dynamic analysis of small gasoline car model powertrain using MATLAB / SIMDRIVELINE." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI2 (April 15, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi2.575.
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The powertrain model of a vehicle using a small gasoline engine is designed based on the analysis results of the Matlab/Simdriveline simulation model. In which, the vehicle's powertrain model parts include: engine, clutch, gearbox, differential and wheels, and overall vehicle modeled by Matlab/ Simdriveline. Mathematical basis of the corresponding models for systems or components are used to build simulated models for the entire vehicle's powertrain system. The input parameters for the simulation problem include parameters of the size, mass, structural and technical parameters of each system such as transmission ratio, power, velocity, efficiency, determined based on actual vehicle model and empirical calculations. The simulation calculation process is done on the basis of the variation of the engine power, from which, the corresponding input and output kinetic and dynamic parameters of each system in the powertrain system consists of clutch, gearbox, differential, are obtained in the time domain. The results of simulation calculation of the kinematics and dynamics of each system in the vehicle's powertrain are analyzed as a basis for design improvement to improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle model.
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Zhang, Yong Lin, Wei Feng Guo, Yun Qing Zhang, and Qun Yu. "Study on the Integrated Modeling of the Entire Rider-Vehicle-Road System." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1328.
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The demands of high-quality dynamic performance and short development time for vehicle production can only be fulfilled by the application of advanced design, simulation and optimization technologies. Virtual prototyping (VP), the analysis and simulation technology based on a fully developed computer model, represents a future way for cost and time efficient design of vehicles and can perform the same as those on the physical prototyping. This paper describes an integrated modeling method, based on the topological structure of a heavy vehicle and oriented to ride dynamics, of a human-vehicle-road system. A multi-body simulation model was chosen as the integration platform for the virtual prototyping since it provided the flexibility to integrate all relevant aspects such as rigid body movement, road-induced vibration and the driver’s responses to the vibration. The time domain model of the stochastic excitation from the road irregularities was numerically reconstructed as input data to VP and the feeling evaluation model in time domain, equivalent to conditional frequency evaluation, was used to the vehicle’s riding comfort simulation. Through integrating the sub-models in VP and combining the data of the sub-models it became possible to predict dynamic performance of vehicles by virtual prototyping technology.
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Wang, Hai Wei, Hui Ying Wen, Feng You, and Gui Feng Yang. "Research on VSP Microcosmic Emission Model and Numerical Simulation for Motor Vehicle." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.835.
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The paper has first built the vehicle-borne computer sensing integration testing system experiment platform, through the actual road test experiment, collects the different mobile vehicle the operating condition data and emission data, has constructed the different vehicle instant exhaust emission rate and database of vehicles driving cycle-based data correspondence, Establishes the driving cycle and road grade power density microscopic emission model. Uses the typical path roundabout crossing as an example, the paper carries on the power density computation through microscopic simulation software numerical simulation output roundabout crossing region vehicle bicycle the real-time speed, acceleration and other travel data, combined with the previous microscopic emission model of building, calculates the instantaneous mass emission rate and vehicles total emission of roundabout crossing different vehicles pollutant gas. According to the result of software simulation and numerical computation, the paper effectively appraises the regional road roundabout pollution emitted by vehicles, has verify the validity of the in-vehicle computer sensor integration testing and emission assessment model, provide a reference for seeking to solve regional traffic roundabout environmental pollution testing methods and effective assessment.
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JANSE VAN RENSBURG, T., M. A. VAN WYK, and W. H. STEEB. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF AN AUTOMATIC DRIVER." International Journal of Modern Physics C 16, no. 06 (June 2005): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183105007595.
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The design of driving simulators is common practice within the simulation industry. Normally, the focus is on the modeling of realistic vehicle dynamics models. However, the design of a realistic simulation environment is of equal importance. A human driver usually steers one vehicle, but the rest of the vehicles used in the simulation should be managed by a computer program. In this article, an automatic driver model to be used within the simulation environment, is described. The automatic driver uses the same vehicle dynamics model as the human driver would use. It also uses the vehicle characteristics in such a way to obtain the optimal performance of the vehicle.
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Blundell, M. V. "The modelling and simulation of vehicle handling Part 3: Tyre modelling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 214, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1464419001544115.
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This is the third in a series of four papers (Parts 1 to 4) looking at the application of computer-based analysis methods to model vehicles and simulate vehicle handling. The material contained in these papers is based on a study carried out in order to investigate the influence of suspension and tyre modelling on the outputs predicted by vehicle handling simulations. The papers deal with analysis methods, vehicle modelling (both in the previous Issue), tyre modelling and handling simulation. In this paper an overview of the use of tyre models in vehicle dynamics is provided. This is followed by a more detailed description of three tyre modelling approaches that can be used for handling simulations. A description is also provided of a computer-based modelling system where FORTRAN routines represent the various models and a computer model of a tyre test rig is used to interrogate the models and data before integrating these into a full vehicle handling simulation. The use of this system to compare the accuracy of the tyre models under consideration is also presented. The examples used to illustrate the concepts explained throughout this series of papers have been generated using the ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) program.
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Abu Bakar, Saiful Anuar, Pakharuddin Mohd Samin, and Abdul Aziz Azhar. "Modelling and Validation of Vehicle Ride Comfort Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.515.
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This paper presents the development of a validated seven degrees of freedom (7DOF) of vehicle ride comfort model for a Malaysian made passenger vehicle. The mathematical equations of the ride model, which consists seven degrees of freedom, are represented. Ride test known as pitch mode test was conducted to validate the reliability of the developed simulation model. The test was conducted using a fully instrumented test vehicle where the sensors installed were used to gather information on vehicle’s vertical and pitch motions. The data collected are used to tune certain parameters value in the simulation model, to ensure the developed simulation model can be used to represent the ride dynamics behaviour of the test vehicle. The result shows that the developed simulation model is capable in representing the ride dynamics behaviour of the test vehicle.
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Liao, Jun, and Yan Feng. "Simulation Analysis of Stiffness of Automotive Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.812.
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In order to evaluate the reliability of vehicle design and vehicle safety performance, analysis software is applied to establish the analysis model of automotive joint stiffness; Body joint stiffness of design vehicles and benchmark vehicles; Reasonable and feasibility of body joint stiffness of design vehicles are verified by comparison.
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Yu, Qinxiao, Ning Zhu, Geng Li, and Shoufeng Ma. "Simulation-Based Sensor Location Model for Arterial Street." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/854089.
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Traffic sensors serve as an important way to a number of intelligent transportation system applications which rely heavily on real-time data. However, traffic sensors are costly. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize sensor placement to maximize various benefits. Arterial street traffic is highly dynamic and the movement of vehicles is disturbed by signals and irregular vehicle maneuver. It is challenging to estimate the arterial street travel time with limited sensors. In order to solve the problem, the paper presents travel time estimation models that rely on speed data collected by sensor. The relationship between sensor position and vehicle trajectory in single link is investigated. A sensor location model in signalized arterial is proposed to find the optimal sensor placement with the minimum estimation error of arterial travel time. Numerical experiments are conducted in 3 conditions: synchronized traffic signals, green wave traffic signals, and vehicle-actuated signals. The results indicate that the sensors should not be placed in vehicle queuing area. Intersection stop line is an ideal sensor position. There is not any fixed sensor position that can cope with all traffic conditions.
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Nasir, Mohd Zakaria Mohammad, Khisbullah Hudha, Mohd Zubir Amir, and Faizul Akmar Abdul Kadir. "Modelling, Simulation and Validation of 9 DOF Vehicles Model for Automatic Steering System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.192.
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Autonomous vehicle have recently arouse great interest and attention in the academic worldwide because of their great potential. As the new features for driver assistance and active safety systems are growing rapidly in vehicles, the simulation within a virtual environment has become a necessity. A vehicle model is required to represent the vehicle behaviour as close as real vehicle in simulation software. This paper presents 9 DOF vehicle models which consist of handling and Calspan tire model develop in Matlab Simulink environment to study the vehicle behaviour for double lane change (DLC) and step steer input test. Those criteria will be compared with validated vehicle software namely CarsimEd to evaluated the performance of the vehicle model involving lateral acceleration, yaw angle and yaw rate from both output. Results show the 9 DOF vehicle closely follows the CarsimEd trends with acceptable error at both conditions.
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Yang, Xiao Long, Ping Li, Tao Lv, and Xue Hua Liao. "Traffic Accident Reconstruction Technology Research." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.946.
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Based on the virtual simulation theory, we used three-dimensional modeling software to build modeling road facilities (vehicles, trees, street lights, etc.) for simulating the accident environment, and by using OpenGL technology, achieved reading, displaying and controlling the three-dimensional models. This dynamically realized the three-dimensional animated simulation of vehicle movement. Simultaneously we have calculated in progress the simulation of vehicle crash with the basic theory of automobile collision, vehicle collision model and the law of conservation of energy and momentum. Finally, we constructed a flexible platform for the simulation experiment. The platform is enabling to add and update road, trees, street lamps and house on the simulation environment dynamically, and has ability to analysis the traffic accident. This could give an assistant to the handling traffic accidents.
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Wang, Shu Feng, Hua Shi Li, and Cui Hua He. "Handling Stability Performance Simulation and Analysis of Three Different Vehicle Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.750.
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In order to obtain accurate vehicle handling stability performance, 2 DOF nonlinear vehicle model and multi-body dynamics vehicle model are established. Selecting the same vehicle parameters, step steering angle input simulations of three vehicle model (include 2DOF linear vehicle model) are carried out under the same driving conditions, simulation results are analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that 2DOF linear model can characterize the steering states of vehicle when vehicle lateral acceleration is small, but when vehicle lateral acceleration is big, Nonlinear vehicle model and multi-body dynamics model is accurate.
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Kong, Sheng Li. "Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Property of Vehicle Frame Based on Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.118.
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The dynamic property of vehicle frame directly affects the safety and comfort of whole vehicles. In order to fully understand the dynamic properties of vehicle frame, both finite element beam and shell models for vehicle frame are established and the natural frequencies of vehicle frame in free working conditions are obtained. The results from beam model and shell model have high accuracy. Those results can be helpful for improvement and optimization of the vehicle frames.
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Ahmad, Mushtaq, Zahid Khan, Anis Koubaa, and Wadii Boulila. "A Microscopic Platoon Stability Model Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131994.
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With Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication capability, vehicle platoon on the highway helps to reduce traffic congestion. However, the dynamic nature of vehicles imposes challenges on the V2V-based platoon management. In this paper, by considering the characteristics of a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a microscopic platoon management scheme is proposed to deal with three basic dynamic platoon maneuvers, namely merging, splitting, and speed-change. The congestion detection feature of VANET is used as a scale for platoon merging, splitting, and speed selection. Real-time congestion is detected if the number of vehicles in a given road segment exceeds the occupancy rate or the time headway is less than the thresholds. In the proposed platoon management scheme, platoon maintenance is triggered in congestion detection. Finally, a VANET-based platoon platform is built by using Network Simulator Version 2 (NS2) network simulation to assess the performance over some real road traces generated by Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). It is shown that V2V-based dynamic vehicle platoon management provides an inexpensive technique to cope with the dynamic platoon management requirement.
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Qin, Jiaying, Sasa Ma, Lei Zhang, Qianling Wang, and Guoce Feng. "Modeling and Simulation for Non-Motorized Vehicle Flow on Road Based on Modified Social Force Model." Mathematics 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010170.
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Non-motorized vehicles have become one of the most commonly used means of transportation for people due to their advantages of low carbon, environmental protection, convenience and safety. Frequent interaction among non-motorized vehicle users in the shared space will bring security risks to their movement. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate means to evaluate the traffic efficiency and safety of non-motorized vehicle users in the passage, and using a micro model to conduct simulation evaluation is one of the effective methods. However, some existing micro simulation models oversimplify the behavior of non-motorized vehicle users, and cannot reproduce the dynamic interaction process between them. This paper proposes a modified social force model to simulate the dynamic interaction behaviors between non-motorized vehicle users on the road. Based on the social force model, a new behavioral force is introduced to reflect the three dynamic interaction behaviors of non motor vehicle users, namely, free movement, following and overtaking. Non-motorized vehicle users choose which behavior is determined by the introduced decision model. In this way, the rule-based behavior decision model is combined with the force based method to simulate the movement of non-motorized vehicles on the road. The modified model is calibrated using 1534 non-motorized vehicle trajectories collected from a road in Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. The validity of the model is verified by analyzing the speed distribution and decision-making process of non-motorized vehicles, and comparing the simulation results of different models. The effects of the number of bicycles and the speed of electric vehicles on the flow of non-motorized vehicles are simulated and analyzed by using the calibrated model. The relevant results can provide a basis for urban management and road design.
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Saban, D., J. F. Whidborne, and A. K. Cooke. "Simulation of wake vortex effects for UAVs in close formation flight." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1149 (November 2009): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003389.
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AbstractThis paper addresses the development of multiple UAV deployment simulation models that include representative aerodynamic cross-coupling effects. Applications may include simulations of autonomous aerial refuelling and formation flying scenarios. A novel wake vortex model has been developed and successfully integrated within a Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. The wake vortex model is both sufficiently representative to support studies of aerodynamic interaction between multiple air vehicles, and straightforward enough to be used within real time or near real time air-to-air simulations. The model integration process is described, and computational results of a two-vehicle-formation flight are presented.
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Liu, Yingjie, Tengfei Yuan, and Rongchen Zhao. "Trajectory Tracking Model Predictive Controller Design for Autonomous Vehicles with Updating Constrains of Tire Characteristics." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020054.
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In this paper, we address the problem of trajectory tracking control of autonomous vehicles by considering the nonlinear characteristics of tires. By considering the influence of the tires’ dynamics on steering stability, the proposed predictive controller can track the desired trajectory and desired velocity in the presence of road curvature while minimizing the lateral tracking deviation. First of all, a hierarchical control structure is adopted, in which the upper-level controller is used to calculate the desired acceleration and the desired front-wheel angle to maintain the control target, and the lower-level controller realized the command through the corresponding component devices. Moreover, a force estimator is designed based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network to estimate the lateral force of the tires, which is incorporated into the boundary conditions of the vehicle envelope constraint to improve the adaptability of the controller to the vehicle performance. Finally, the proposed controller is tested by co-simulation of CarSim (a simulation software specifically for vehicle dynamics)/Simulink (a modular diagram environment for multidomain simulation as well as model-based design) and hardware-in-loop simulation system. The co-simulation and experimental results demonstrate the controller safely driving at the vehicle’s handling limits and effectively reduce the slip phenomenon of the vehicle.
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Wang, Bo Hang, Dao Bo Wang, Zain Anwar Ali, Bai Ting Ting, and Hao Wang. "An overview of various kinds of wind effects on unmanned aerial vehicle." Measurement and Control 52, no. 7-8 (May 13, 2019): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019847688.
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Attitude, speed, and position of unmanned aerial vehicles are susceptible to wind disturbance. The types, characteristics, and mathematical models of the wind, which have great influence on unmanned aerial vehicle in the low-altitude environment, are summarized, including the constant wind, turbulent flow, many kinds of wind shear, and the propeller vortex. Combined with the mathematical model of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the mechanism of unmanned aerial vehicle movement in the wind field is illustrated from three different kinds of viewpoints including velocity viewpoint, force viewpoint, and energy viewpoint. Some simulation tests have been implemented to show the effects of different kinds of wind on unmanned aerial vehicle’s path and flight states. Finally, some proposals are presented to tell reader in which condition, which wind model should be added to simulation, and how to enhance the stability of unmanned aerial vehicle for different kinds of wind fields.
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Xing, Zhichao, Guoye Wang, Zhangpeng Gong, Shudong Zhang, Dongxin Xu, and Sijie Peng. "Double-Drum Test Bench for Variable Load Transfer Simulation by Electromechanical Inertia Compensation." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 6, 2019): 4322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194322.
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To improve the accuracy and actual road equivalence of vehicle performance testing using test benches, a double-drum test bench that meets the test requirements of vehicle control system prototypes and in-use vehicles was designed. Dynamic models of the single-wheel test bench and the vehicle test bench were established, and mechanisms were theoretically analyzed for single-wheel variable adhesion and vehicle load transfer for equivalent testing using the variable placement angle. The mechanism of electromechanical inertia compensation was studied to realize stepless simulation of vehicle inertia and simulate dynamic load while braking. The simulation model of the vehicle test bench system was established based on MATLAB/Simulink. Simulations were carried out to verify the anti-lock braking system (ABS) performance test functionality of the test bench under high adhesion, bisectional, and low adhesion conditions. Referring to the simulation conditions, ABS tests under actual test bench and road conditions were carried out. Results demonstrated that the mechanism of variable load transfer simulation by electromechanical inertia compensation improves the equivalent accuracy compared to that of its road test equivalent, verifying the feasibility of the simulation mechanism. This study could help further improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of vehicle performance testing, thus greatly benefitting the vehicle development and testing industry.
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Zhang, Yandi, Bobo Yuan, and Yukun Chou. "Analyzing Driving Safety Using Vehicle-Water-Filled Rutting Dynamics Model and Simulation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (April 7, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9372336.
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Rutting is one of the major asphalt pavement distresses that could cause hydroplaning and lead to roadway safety concerns on a rainy day. However, there is still no theoretical methodology with simulation to evaluate and predict the driving safety caused by rut-induced hydroplaning using vehicle dynamics. This paper proposes a methodology, based on a new developed “vehicle-water-filled rutting” open-loop vehicle dynamics model analyzed by CarSim (a professional vehicle dynamic software), to simulate and compute the impact of unbalanced water-filled rutting on driving stability/safety with a special focus on the vehicle’s lateral dynamic stability, including lateral offset and lateral acceleration. Analysis results show the following: (1) The unbalanced water depths in left rutting and right rutting lead to the different friction between left rutting and right rutting and make the vehicle wander left and right uncontrollably along the roadway. (2) When the vehicle speed is greater than 80 km/h and the rutting width exceeds 0.7 m, the unbalanced water-filled rutting begins to affect the vehicle’s lateral stability apparently and very likely threaten the driver’s life. (3) By computing the vehicle’s lateral offset and acceleration in different water widths and lengths in the hydroplaning situation, this paper proposes the rutting width and length thresholds for vehicle oversteer and instability, based on which the vehicle risk level is proposed, RISK I is the situation where vehicle’s lateral offset exceeds 1.025 mm which likely causes vehicle running into the adjacent lane (the danger can be avoided if there is no vehicle in the adjacent lane), RISK II is the situation where the vehicle’s tires begin to work into the nonlinear zone (the vehicle’s lateral acceleration exceeds 0.4 g) with the increase of rutting width and length, which makes the vehicle lose controls irreversibly for drivers, and this situation should arouse more concerns for transportation agencies. The proposed methodology would enable transportation agencies to predict the security risk of rutting and play a vital role for transportation agencies to scientifically establish the relevant specifications (e.g., rutting maintenance) that proactively trigger the maintenance and rehabilitation to prevent potential safety concerns from happening. Recommendations on future researches, including taking braking stability and real rutting conditions of the proposed model into consideration, are also continued in the future study.
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Xiao, Wenwen, and Huanhuan Zhang. "Dynamical Model And Ride Comfort Simulation Analysis Of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823202058.
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This paper analyzes the ride comfort of distributed electric vehicle, simplifies a distributed electric vehicle to a fifteen degree of freedom model, and deduces the vibration differential equation by Newton 's second theorem. In this paper, a new type of hub motor vibration reduction system is established, which effectively solves the problem of large unsprung mass of distributed drive vehicles and provides a new method to improve the ride comfort of distributed drive electric vehicles. The genetic algorithm mainly regards the stiffness and damping of the suspension, hub motor damping system and tire as the design variables. The sum of root mean square value of suspension disturbance degree, body acceleration and wheel dynamic load is taken as the optimization objective function, and the limit stroke of wheel up and down and wheel dynamic load limit are taken as constraints. In order to verify the simulation optimization effect, this paper further simulates the natural frequency, damping ratio, stiffness ratio, mass ratio, speed and road surface grade of distributed drive electric vehicle. The results show that the optimization of the stiffness and damping of distributed-drive electric vehicles effectively improves ride comfort and passenger comfort. The 15 DOF model of distributed electric vehicle provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the ride comfort of distributed electric vehicle.
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Troullinos, Dimitrios, Georgios Chalkiadakis, Diamantis Manolis, Ioannis Papamichail, and Markos Papageorgiou. "Extending SUMO for Lane-Free Microscopic Simulation of Connected and Automated Vehicles." SUMO Conference Proceedings 3 (September 29, 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/scp.v3i.110.
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This paper presents some new developments related to TrafficFluid-Sim, a lane-free microscopic simulator that extends the SUMO simulation infrastructure to model lane-free traffic environments, allowing vehicles to be located at any lateral position, disregarding standard notions of car-following and lane-change maneuvers that are typically embedded within a (lanebased) simulator. A dynamic library has been designed for traffic monitoring and lane-free vehicle movement control, one that does not impose any inter-tool “communication” delays that standard practices with the TraCI module introduce; and enables the emulation of vehicleto-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. We first summarize the various core components that constitute our simulator, and then discuss the new capability to utilize the bicycle kinematic model, additionally to the usual double-integrator model, as a more realistic model of vehicle movement dynamics, particularly for a lane-free traffic environment. Finally, we developed the necessary components so that the bicycle model can alternatively be combined with the use of global coordinates for more realistic simulation in road networks with curvature, such as roundabouts.
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Nie, Xiaobo, Chuan Min, Yongjun Pan, Ke Li, and Zhixiong Li. "Deep-Neural-Network-Based Modelling of Longitudinal-Lateral Dynamics to Predict the Vehicle States for Autonomous Driving." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22052013.
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Multibody models built in commercial software packages, e.g., ADAMS, can be used for accurate vehicle dynamics, but computational efficiency and numerical stability are very challenging in complex driving environments. These issues can be addressed by using data-driven models, owing to their robust generalization and computational speed. In this study, we develop a deep neural network (DNN) based model to predict longitudinal-lateral dynamics of an autonomous vehicle. Dynamic simulations of the autonomous vehicle are performed based on a semirecursive multibody method for data acquisition. The data are used to train and test the DNN model. The DNN inputs include the torque applied on wheels and the vehicle’s initial speed that imitates a double lane change maneuver. The DNN outputs include the longitudinal driving distance, the lateral driving distance, the final longitudinal velocities, the final lateral velocities, and the yaw angle. The predicted vehicle states based on the DNN model are compared with the multibody model results. The accuracy of the DNN model is investigated in detail in terms of error functions. The DNN model is verified within the framework of a commercial software package CarSim. The results demonstrate that the DNN model predicts accurate vehicle states in real time. It can be used for real-time simulation and preview control in autonomous vehicles for enhanced transportation safety.
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Piłatowicz, R., and W. Luty. "Modelling of dynamics of the suspension of tandem axles of a multi-axle vehicle provided with a novel load-equalising system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012019.
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Abstract The paper presents the problem of using multi-axle suspension systems in vehicles, concerning unbalanced distribution of axle loads while moving in off-road conditions. An innovative load balancing system for tandem axles, which limits the occurring overloads, is presented. A mathematical model is proposed to represent the suspension of a front “quarter” of a four-axle vehicle provided with a novel system to equalise the loads on two closely spaced (tandem) axles. The “quarter” of the vehicle is described as a set of rigid bodies linked with each other by spring and damping elements. The model has three degrees of freedom and defines vehicle’s responses to excitations (inputs) generated by road irregularities. The mathematical models known from the literature describe typical suspension systems and specific types of load balancing systems for two- and three-axle vehicles. This makes it impossible to apply them directly to simulation test of a vehicle with two front axles. A new model dedicated to the proposed load equalizing system, which allows simulation tests for the design and verification of the new system’s operation, has been prepared.
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Pu, Pengyu, and Yi Jiang. "Assessing Turbulence Models on the Simulation of Launch Vehicle Base Heating." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (August 22, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4240980.
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Launch vehicles suffer from severe base heating during ascents. To predict launch vehicle base heat flux, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are widely used. The selection of the turbulence model determines the numerical simulation results of launch vehicle base heating, which may instruct the thermal protection design for the launch vehicle base. To assess performances, several Reynolds-averaged turbulence models have been investigated for the base heating simulation based on a four-nozzle launch vehicle model. The finite-rate chemistry model was used for afterburning. The results showed that all the turbulence models have provided nearly identical mean flow properties at the nozzle exit. Menter’s baseline (BSL) and shear stress transport (SST) models have estimated the highest collision pressure and have best predicted base heat flux compared to the experiment. The Spalart-Allmaras (SA) model and the renormalization group (RNG) model have performed best in temperature estimation, respectively, in around r/rb=0~0.2 and r/rb=0.6~1. The realizable k‐ε (RKE) model has underestimated the reverse flow and failed to correctly reflect the recirculation in the base region, thus poorly predicted base heating. Among all the investigated turbulence models, the BSL and SST models are more suitable for launch vehicle base heating simulation.
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Salles, Dominik, Stefan Kaufmann, and Hans-Christian Reuss. "Extending the Intelligent Driver Model in SUMO and Verifying the Drive Off Trajectories with Aerial Measurements." SUMO Conference Proceedings 1 (June 28, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/scp.v1i.95.
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Connected and automated driving functions are key components for future vehicles. Due to implementation issues and missing infrastructure, the impact of connected and automated vehicles on the traffic flow can only be evaluated in accurate simulations. Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) provides necessary and appropriate models and tools. SUMO contains many car-following models that replicate automated driving, but cannot realistically imitate human driving behavior. When simulating queued vehicles driving off, existing car-following models are neither able to correctly emulate the acceleration behavior of human drivers nor the resulting vehicle gaps. Thus, we propose a time-discrete 2D Human Driver Model to replicate realistic trajectories. We start by combining previously published extensions of the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) to one generalized model. Discontinuities due to introduced reaction times, estimation errors and lane changes are conquered with new approaches and equations. Above all, the start-up procedure receives more attention than in existing papers. We also provide a first evaluation of the advanced car-following model using 30 minutes of an aerial measurement. This dataset contains three hours of drone recordings from two signalized intersections in Stuttgart, Germany. The method designed for extracting the vehicle trajectories from the raw video data is outlined. Furthermore, we evaluate the accuracy of the trajectories obtained by the aerial measurement using a specially equipped vehicle.
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Kim, Jin-Tae, Joonhyon Kim, and Myungsoon Chang. "Lane-changing gap acceptance model for freeway merging in simulation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 3 (March 2008): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-119.
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Existing techniques for microscopic simulation of lane changes utilize a single critical gap for a single vehicle. Freeway merging areas have been among the most difficult aspects of simulations due to the wide variety of merging behaviors in these areas. This paper proposes a gap acceptance model developed to update the size of the critical trailing gap for a merging vehicle during simulation based on the location of the vehicle in an acceleration lane. It also considers the relative speed and critical leading gap. Sets of critical trailing gap values for various situations are computed. The outputs from the microscopic simulations utilizing the proposed model were compared with field data, producing strong statistical evidence that the simulation results and field data were significantly comparable.
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V. Gowda, Dankan, Ramachandra A C, Thippeswamy M N, Pandurangappa C, and Ramesh Naidu P. "Automotive braking system simulations V diagram approach." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.15666.
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This Paper focus, on the different stages associated with the advancement of Automobile Braking Control system. Different V-Models (SIL, MIL, HIL, and DIL) are contrasted with the proposed V model for Hydraulic antilock braking system. The main objective of this research is to enable various loop simulations used in a variety of automotive industries, in order to analyze the performance of different safety functions. A vehicle model is used to represent a real vehicle in a model-based environment. Vehicle model is a sophisticated component, which makes use of two wheeler dynamics concepts to achieve a real vehicle behavior. In this research, an attempt is made to elaborate the various automotive simulations used starting from model in loop simulation to Driver in loop Simulation approaches followed by a V-diagram approach to develop the product. Here an ABS controller is taken as an example model for simulation.
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Mureşan, Vlad, Adrian Groza, Bogdan Iancu, and Iulia Clitan. "Simulation and Control of the Vehicles Movement in the Case of the Overtaking Procedures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 656 (October 2014): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.656.423.
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In this paper, a solution for the simulation and control of the vehicles movement in the case of performing the overtaking procedures is proposed. In order to design the simulation system, the mathematical modeling of the vehicle movement is made, the obtained model being based on the state space representation. Also, the real-time working of the simulator is based both on the information obtained through the usage of a communication network between the vehicles and of the GPS-measured position. The main advantage of the proposed system consists in assisting the driver to perform a correct and a safe overtaking. Another original element presented in this paper is the including of the vehicle movement model in a control structure, resulting the possibility that the overtaking to be performed with a higher efficiency. The mathematical model, respectively the simulation system were tested and validated through some simulations associated to an overtaking scenario, simulations presented in this paper, too.
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Chang, F., and Z.-H. Lu. "Dynamic model of an air spring and integration into a vehicle dynamics model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto867.
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It is worthwhile to design a more accurate dynamic model for air springs, to investigate the dynamic behaviour of an air spring suspension, and to analyse and guide the design of vehicles with air spring suspensions. In this study, a dynamic model of air spring was established, considering the heat transfer process of the air springs. Two different types of air spring were tested, and the experimental results verified the effectiveness of the air spring model compared with the traditional model. The key factors affecting the computation accuracy were studied and checked by comparing the results of the experiments and simulations. The new dynamic model of the air spring was integrated into the full-vehicle multi-body dynamics model, in order to investigate the air suspension behaviour and vehicle dynamics characteristics. The co-simulation method using ADAMS and MATLAB/Simulink was applied to integration of the air spring model with the full-vehicle multi-body dynamics model.
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Zheng, Minghua, Heng Zhou, and Jingtang Zheng. "Pure Electric Vehicle Power System Matching Design and Simulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2418, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2418/1/012050.
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Abstract According to the design requirements of pure electric drive modification of a certain A-class car and the vehicle’s fundamental parameters, the longitudinal dynamics theory of the vehicle is used to analyze the driving motor, power battery and fixed speed ratio transmission, and other key components. With the help of Cruise simulation software, a pure electric vehicle powertrain model was established and simulation tests were carried out on the New European Driving Cycle, 60km/h isokinetic range cruise, 100km/h acceleration time, and hill-climbing degree and other operating conditions. The results show that the parameters of the power system of pure electric vehicles are reasonably selected, and the power indicators, driving range, and power consumption per 100 kilometers meet the performance design requirements of the whole vehicle, which have theoretical guiding significance for the development of the whole vehicle.
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Tan, Fei, Da Wei, Jianqi Zhu, Dong Xu, and Kexin Yin. "An aggressive car-following model in the view of driving style." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 10 (October 2017): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0261.
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The complexity of the driving behavior restricts the realism of traffic simulation. This paper proposed that vehicle mobility models should be established according to diverse driving styles to further approximation of real driving behavior. With Krauss model represented, the conservative (driving style) of safe distance car-following model is analyzed. The analysis means that real vehicles can occasionally break the safe distance rule, and on average, real vehicle gap is slightly smaller than that in the Krauss model. An aggressive car-following model is proposed in the view of driving style. Simulation results show the new model can simulate aggressive driving style, which has significance to simulate traffic using diverse driving style models. Since it breaks the safe distance rule, the new model has the possibility of generating rear-end collisions when simulating. Drivers’ characteristics, prediction behavior, the cause of accidents, and the effects of time granularity on a simulation are studied. The concept of “road black hole” is put forward, which is believed to reduce velocity of traffic flow.
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Mousseau, R., and G. Markale. "Obstacle Impact Simulation of an ATV Using an Efficient Tire Model." Tire Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 248–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135271.
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Abstract When a vehicle travels over a large obstacle at a significant speed, dynamic loads are created that are severe enough to cause damage to its components. Prediction of these impact loads early in the design can greatly aid the vehicle development process. Thus, automobile manufactures have devoted considerable effort developing computer models to simulate durability events. An important part of any durability simulation is the tire model. This paper focuses on the problem of efficiently predicting dynamic loads that occur when an all terrain vehicle (ATV) impacts obstacle impact. An ATV simulation model that uses an efficient and simple tire model to represent the enveloping behavior and dynamic response was developed with the AUTOSIM multibody dynamics program. This program, using Kane's Method and symbolic algebra to automatically generate fully parametric simulations that are both efficient and easy to use, was used to model both the tire and ATV rigid body dynamics. This paper describes the combined ATV multi-body vehicle dynamics and tire simulation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of tire simulation, results from the efficient tire model isolated from the vehicle are compared to output from a nonlinear finite element model. Also, the paper compares results from the full vehicle ATV simulation and a field test.
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Do, Wooseok, Omid M. Rouhani, and Luis Miranda-Moreno. "Simulation-Based Connected and Automated Vehicle Models on Highway Sections: A Literature Review." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (June 26, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9343705.
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This study provides a literature review of the simulation-based connected and automated intelligent-vehicle studies. Media and car-manufacturing companies predict that connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) would be available in the near future. However, society and transportation systems might not be completely ready for their implementation in various aspects, e.g., public acceptance, technology, infrastructure, and/or policy. Since the empirical field data for CAVs are not available at present, many researchers develop micro or macro simulation models to evaluate the CAV impacts. This study classifies the most commonly used intelligent-vehicle types into four categories (i.e., adaptive cruise control, ACC; cooperative adaptive cruise control, CACC; automated vehicle, AV; CAV) and summarizes the intelligent-vehicle car-following models (i.e., Intelligent Driver Model, IDM; MICroscopic Model for Simulation of Intelligent Cruise Control, MIXIC). The review results offer new insights for future intelligent-vehicle analyses: (i) the increase in the market-penetration rate of intelligent vehicles has a significant impact on traffic flow conditions; (ii) without vehicle connections, such as the ACC vehicles, the roadway-capacity increase would be marginal; (iii) none of the parameters in the AV or CAV models is calibrated by the actual field data; (iv) both longitudinal and lateral movements of intelligent vehicles can reduce energy consumption and environmental costs compared to human-driven vehicles; (v) research gap exists in studying the car-following models for newly developed intelligent vehicles; and (vi) the estimated impacts are not converted into a unified metric (i.e., welfare economic impact on users or society) which is essential to evaluate intelligent vehicles from an overall societal perspective.
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Krzysztoszek, Konrad. "Mathematical model of traction vehicle movement." Journal of Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/jaeee.2019.005.
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The article presents a mathematical model of electric traction vehicle movement in a given power supply area. Starting from the presentation of the basic features of the 3 kV DC traction power supply system used in Poland, the author presents a simulation model of electric traction vehicles movement, which allows to determine the mobility and current - voltage possibilities on a selected railway line. The obtained simulation results fully confirm the possibility of using the model as an aid in the design, modernization or diagnostics of existing railway lines and train traffic.