Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulation par chaînes de Markov'
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Thivierge, Sylvain. "Simulation de Monte-Carlo par les chaînes de Markov." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ42024.pdf.
Full textSuparman, Suparman. "Problèmes de choix de modèles par simulation de type Monte Carlo par chaînes de Markov à sauts réversibles." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30005.
Full textSénécal, Stéphane. "Méthodes de simulation Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov pour l'estimation de modèles : applications en séparation de sources et en égalisation." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0130.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study and apply Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulation methods for solving estimation problems arising in the field of signal processing. Prior hypothesis on signals and/or on transfert function models can be taken into account thanks to a Bayesian approach leading to classical estimators, posterior mean and maximum a posteriori for instance, whose computation is generally difficult. Monte-Carlo estimation techniques are thus considered and implemented with Markov chain simulation schemes. In a first step, estimation problems dealing with source separation models are considered. The case of digital communications is specifically focused on with the study of source signals associated to PSK modulations. A separation method based on the Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed and illustrated with numerical experiments. The algorithm makes it possible to separate underdetermined mixtures and can be modified in order to solve other problems associated to this model: estimation of the number of state for the constellations of source signals, estimation of the number of the source signals. In a second step, an equalisation problem is tackled in the context of satellite communications. The Bayesian approach and its implementation through a Monte-Carlo estimation technique make it possible to take into account explicitely the nonlinearity of the amplification stage in the satellite. A sequential simulation method based on particle filtering is then proposed for equalising blindly and robustly the complete transmission chain
Dapzol, N. "Analyse de l'activité de conduite par les chaînes de Markov cachées et les modèles de ruptures multi-phasiques: méthodologie et applications." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543729.
Full textTrabelsi, Brahim. "Simulation numérique de l’écoulement et mélange granulaires par des éléments discrets ellipsoïdaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9300/1/trabelsi.pdf.
Full textBrosse, Nicolas. "Around the Langevin Monte Carlo algorithm : extensions and applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX014/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the problem of sampling in high dimension and is based on the unadjusted Langevin algorithm (ULA).In a first part, we suggest two extensions of ULA and provide precise convergence guarantees for these algorithms. ULA is not feasible when the target distribution is compactly supported; thanks to a Moreau Yosida regularization, it is nevertheless possible to sample from a probability distribution close enough to the distribution of interest. ULA diverges when the tails of the target distribution are too thin; by taming appropriately the gradient, this difficulty can be overcome.In a second part, we give two applications of ULA. We provide an algorithm to estimate normalizing constants of log concave densities based on a sequence of distributions with increasing variance. By comparison of ULA with the Langevin diffusion, we develop a new control variates methodology based on the asymptotic variance of the Langevin diffusion.In a third part, we analyze Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD), which differs from ULA only in the stochastic estimation of the gradient. We show that SGLD, applied with usual parameters, may be very far from the target distribution. However, with an appropriate variance reduction technique, its computational cost can be much lower than ULA for the same accuracy
M'Saad, Soumaya. "Détection de changement de comportement de vie chez la personne âgée par images de profondeur." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1S039.
Full textThe number of elderly people in the world is constantly increasing, hence the challenge of helping them to continue to live at home and ageing in good health. This PhD takes part in this public health issue and proposes the detection of the person behavior change based on the recording of activities in the home by low-cost depth sensors that guarantee anonymity and that operate autonomously day and night. After an initial study combining image classification by machine learning approaches, a method based on Resnet-18 deep neural networks was proposed for fall and posture position detection. This approach gave good results with a global accuracy of 93.44% and a global sensitivity of 93.24%. The detection of postures makes possible to follow the state of the person and in particular the behavior changes which are assumed to be the routine loss. Two strategies were deployed to monitor the routine. The first one examines the succession of activities in the day by computing an edit distance or a dynamic deformation of the day, the other one consists in classifying the day into routine and non-routine by combining supervised (k-means and k-modes), unsupervised (Random Forest) or a priori knowledge about the person's routine. These strategies were evaluated both on real data recorded in EHPAD in two frail people and on simulated data created to fill the lack of real data. They have shown the possibility to detect different behavioral change scenarios (abrupt, progressive, recurrent) and prove that depth sensors can be used in EHPAD or in the home of an elderly person
Monteiro, Julian. "Modélisation et analyse des systèmes de stockage fiable de données dans des réseaux pair-à-pair." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545724.
Full textEl, Haddad Rami. "Méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo de simulation des chaînes de Markov." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS062.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated simulations to estimate some parameter. Their deterministic versions are called Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The idea is to replace pseudo-random points by deterministic quasi-random points (also known as low-discrepancy point sets or sequences). In this work, we propose and analyze QMC-based algorithms for the simulation of multidimensional Markov chains. The quasi-random points we use are (T,S)-sequences in base B. After recalling the principles of MC and QMC methods and their main properties, we introduce some plain financial models, to serve in the following as numerical examples to test the convergence of the proposed schemes. We focus on problems where the exact solution is known, in order to be able to compute the error and to compare the efficiency of the various schemes In a first part, we consider discrete-time Markov chains with S-dimensional state spaces. We propose an iterative QMC scheme for approximating the distribution of the chain at any time. The scheme uses a (T,S+1)-sequence in base b for the transitions. Additionally, one needs to re-order the copies of the chain according to their successive components at each time-step. We study the convergence of the scheme by making some assumptions on the transition matrix. We assess the accuracy of the QMC algorithm through financial examples. The results show that the new technique is more efficient than the traditional MC approach. Then, we propose a QMC algorithm for the simulation of Markov chains with multidimensional continuous state spaces. The method uses the same re-ordering step as in the discrete setting. We provide convergence results in the case of one dimensional chains and then in the case of multidimensional chains, by making additional assumptions. We illustrate the convergence of the algorithm through numerical experiments. The results show that the new method converges faster than the MC algorithm. In the last part, we consider the problem of the diffusion equation in a spatially nonhomogeneous medium. We use a random walk algorithm, in conjunction with a correction of the Gaussian Steplength. We write a QMC variant of the algorithm, by adapting the principles seen for the simulation of the Markov chains. We test the method in dimensions 1, 2 and 3 on a problem involving the diffusion of calcium ions in a biological medium. In all the simulations, the results of QMC computations show a strong improvement over MC outcomes. Finally, we give some perspectives and directions for future work
Eid, Abdelrahman. "Stochastic simulations for graphs and machine learning." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I018.
Full textWhile it is impractical to study the population in many domains and applications, sampling is a necessary method allows to infer information. This thesis is dedicated to develop probability sampling algorithms to infer the whole population when it is too large or impossible to be obtained. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are one of the most important tools for sampling from probability distributions especially when these distributions haveintractable normalization constants.The work of this thesis is mainly interested in graph sampling techniques. Two methods in chapter 2 are presented to sample uniform subtrees from graphs using Metropolis-Hastings algorithms. The proposed methods aim to sample trees according to a distribution from a graph where the vertices are labelled. The efficiency of these methods is proved mathematically. Additionally, simulation studies were conducted and confirmed the theoretical convergence results to the equilibrium distribution.Continuing to the work on graph sampling, a method is presented in chapter 3 to sample sets of similar vertices in an arbitrary undirected graph using the properties of the Permanental Point processes PPP. Our algorithm to sample sets of k vertices is designed to overcome the problem of computational complexity when computing the permanent by sampling a joint distribution whose marginal distribution is a kPPP.Finally in chapter 4, we use the definitions of the MCMC methods and convergence speed to estimate the kernel bandwidth used for classification in supervised Machine learning. A simple and fast method called KBER is presented to estimate the bandwidth of the Radial basis function RBF kernel using the average Ricci curvature of graphs
Paris, Sébastien. "Extraction Automatique de Pistes Fréquentielles en Sonar Passif par Chaînes de Markov Cachées." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0013.
Full textThe frequency vs. Time image called lofargram in any passive sonar system is the key of the downstream information processing : the operator will investigate on this representation in order to classify the tar¬gets of interest and/or to track the targets that have generated them by the so-called Target Motion Analysis (TMA). Both need to use frequency lines. For TMA, constant but Doppler-shifted frequencies are necessary. Conversely, for classification, the fluctuations of frequency help the discrimination between targets. In this thesis, we are concerned by unstable frequency line tracker (FLT). The role of such a tracker is to estimate frequency lines. The fundamental problems of FLT come from the unknown num¬ber of lines, their dates of birth and death, their respective SNR's and the case of crossing lines. We propose a method based on Markov Chain modeling : each frequency line is assumed to follow a random walk; the state space is the lofargram frequency cell set vs. A discrete and finite set of slopes. The data are composed by each lofargram line. When one unique line is present, we propose a scaled version of algorithms encountered in Hidden Markov Models (HMM) literature : Viterbi algorithm (VA), Forward (F), Forward-Backward (FB). In case of several frequency lines, we derive a new scaled FB algorithm in which each probability is conditioned by the exclusive event : two lines cannot be simultaneously in the same spot. The algorithm works in two passes : first, the lines are extracted from the beginning to the end of the lofargram; then, we estimate the dates of birth and death of each of them. When those dates are equal, the line is discarded. Therefore, the number of lines must be a priori overestimated. Trials on synthetic but also real data have been conducted and allow us to conclude that this algorithm performs very correctly (in a operational sense)
Gbedo, Yémalin Gabin. "Les techniques Monte Carlo par chaînes de Markov appliquées à la détermination des distributions de partons." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY059/document.
Full textWe have developed a new approach to determine parton distribution functions and quantify their experimental uncertainties, based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.The main interest devoted to such a study is that we can replace the standard χ 2 MINUIT minimization by procedures grounded on Statistical Methods, and on Bayesian inference in particular, thus offering additional insight into the rich field of PDFs determination.After reviewing these Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, we introduce the algorithm we have chosen to implement – namely Hybrid (or Hamiltonian) Monte Carlo. This algorithm, initially developed for lattice quantum chromodynamique, turns out to be very interesting when applied to parton distribution functions determination by global analyses ; we have shown that it allows to circumvent the technical difficulties due to the high dimensionality of the problem, in particular concerning the acceptance rate. The feasibility study performed and presented in this thesis, indicates that Markov chain Monte Carlo method can successfully be applied to the extraction of PDFs and of their experimental uncertainties
Fischer, Stephan. "Modélisation de l'évolution de la taille des génomes et de leur densité en gènes par mutations locales et grands réarrangements chromosomiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924831.
Full textAit, Salaht Farah. "Chaînes de Markov Incomplètement spécifiées : analyse par comparaison stochastique et application à l'évaluation de performance des réseaux." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0018.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the uncertainty in probabilistic models, how it impacts their analysis and how to apply these methods to performance analysis and network dimensioning. We consider two aspects of the uncertainty. The first consists to study a partially specified Markov chains. The missing of some transitions in the exact system because of its complexity can be solved by constructing bounding systems where worst-case transitions are defined to obtain an upper or a lower bound on the performance measures. We propose to develop new algorithms which give element-wise bounds of the steady-state distribution for the partially specified Markov chain. These algorithms are faster than the existing ones and allow us to compute element-wise bounds at each iteration.The second aspect studied concerns the problem of the measurements of real traffic trace in networks. Exact analysis of queueing networks under real traffic becomes quickly intractable due to the state explosion. Assuming the stationarity of flows, we propose to apply the stochastic comparison method to derive performance measure bounds under histogram-based traffics. We apply an algorithm based on dynamic programming to derive optimal bounding traffic histograms on reduced state spaces. Using the stochastic bound histograms and the monotonicity of the networking elements, we show how we can obtain, in a very efficient manner, guarantees on performance measures. We indeed obtain stochastic upper and lower bounds on buffer occupancy, losses, etc. The interest and the impact of our method are shown on various applications: elements of networks, AQM, queueing networks and queue with non-stationary arrival process
Jaeckel, Alain. "Simulations Monte Carlo de chaînes confinées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20206.
Full textGRANDIS, HENDRA. "Imagerie electromagnetique bayesienne par la simulation d'une chaine de markov." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077036.
Full textBercu, Sophie. "Modélisation stochastique du signal écrit par chaînes de Markov cachées : application à la reconnaissance automatique de l'écriture manuscrite." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10115.
Full textAlbert, Isabelle. "Inférence bayesienne par les methodes de Monte Carlo par chaînes de Markov et arbres de régression pour l'analyse statistique des données corrélées." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T020.
Full textAuger, Anne. "Contributions théoriques et numériques à l'optimisation continue par algorithmes évolutionnaires." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066510.
Full textMelo, De Lima Christelle. "Développement d'une approche markovienne pour l'analyse de l'organisation spatiale des génomes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011674.
Full textBenseba, Nadjet. "Etude algorithmique des chaînes de markov de type GI/M/1 et analyse des performances d'un système de fabrication par lots." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212437.
Full textMuri, Florence. "Comparaison d'algorithmes d'identification de chaînes de Markov cachées et application a la détection de régions homogènes dans les séquences d'ADN." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S008.
Full textDjerroud, Dalila. "Modélisation markovienne du séchage continu par contact avec agitation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0111/document.
Full textIn a drying process, the evacuation of water induced structural and physico-chemical modifications that generate difficulties of flow in the dryer. This study focused on the modeling of agitated indirect continuous dryer. We developed a Markov model to describe the mass transfer, heat transfer and flow in a continuous dryer. The input parameters of the model were determined experimentally on a pasty product, while other parameters were obtained from the scientific literature. The sensitivity study of the moisture content and dry mass retained in the dryer was used to analyze and treat on a hierarchical basis the effects of different operating variables. Finally, we studied the influence of variables operating on the profile of moisture content, the passage time and the simulated curves of residence time distribution. The structural evolution of the product was considered in the model
Sarac, Aysegul. "Modélisation et aide à la décision pour l'introduction des technologies RFID dans les chaînes logistiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541012.
Full textPlatis, Agapios. "Modélisation de la sûreté de fonctionnement par des chaînes de Markov non-homogènes : application à la modélisation de la fiabilité d'un poste électrique." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1076.
Full textJoubaud, Maud. "Processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux branchants et problème d’arrêt optimal, application à la division cellulaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS031/document.
Full textPiecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMP) form a large class of stochastic processes characterized by a deterministic evolution between random jumps. They fall into the class of hybrid processes with a discrete mode and an Euclidean component (called the state variable). Between the jumps, the continuous component evolves deterministically, then a jump occurs and a Markov kernel selects the new value of the discrete and continuous components. In this thesis, we extend the construction of PDMPs to state variables taking values in some measure spaces with infinite dimension. The aim is to model cells populations keeping track of the information about each cell. We study our measured-valued PDMP and we show their Markov property. With thoses processes, we study a optimal stopping problem. The goal of an optimal stopping problem is to find the best admissible stopping time in order to optimize some function of our process. We show that the value fonction can be recursively constructed using dynamic programming equations. We construct some $epsilon$-optimal stopping times for our optimal stopping problem. Then, we study a simple finite-dimension real-valued PDMP, the TCP process. We use Euler scheme to approximate it, and we estimate some types of errors. We illustrate the results with numerical simulations
Saint, Pierre Guillaume. "Identification du nombre de composants d'un mélange gaussien par chaînes de Markov à sauts réversibles dans le cas multivarié ou par maximun de vraisemblance dans le cas univarié." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30128.
Full textKadi, Imène Yamina. "Simulation et monotonie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0029.
Full textThe work of this thesis concern the contribution of the monotony in simulation methods. Initially, we focus on the study of different monotonicity notions used in stochastic modeling, trying to define the relationships between them. Three concepts have been defined in this field: the stochastic monotonicity based on stochastic comparison, the realizable monotony and finally the events monotony used in the perfect simulation. This study allowed us to use the stochastic monotonicity properties under the monotone perfect simulation. On the other hand, we have proposed monotone invertible encodings for systems whose natural representation is not monotone. This encoding allows to accelerate monotonous simulations and found its application in the simulation of optical burst. Another work was done in the field of parallel simulation, it use monotonicity properties of simulated systems to better parallelize the simulation process. This should produce a substantial acceleration in simulations
Delescluse, Matthieu. "Une approche Monte Carlo par Chaînes de Markov pour la classification des potentiels d'action. Application à l'étude des corrélations d'activité des cellules de Purkinje." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011123.
Full textCette méthode de spike-sorting a fait l'objet d'une validation expérimentale sur des populations de cellules de Purkinje (PCs), dans les tranches de cervelet de rat. Par ailleurs, l'étude des trains de PAs de ces cellules fournis par le spike-sorting, n'a pas révélé de corrélations temporelles significatives en régime spontané, en dépit de l'existence d'une inhibition commune par les interneurones de la couche moléculaire et d'une inhibition directe de PC à PC. Des simulations ont montré que l'influence de ces inhibitions sur les relations temporelles entre les trains de PCs était trop faible pour pouvoir être détectée par nos méthodes d'analyse de corrélations. Les codes élaborés pour l'analyse des trains de PAs sont également disponibles sous la forme d'un second logiciel libre.
Delescluse, Matthieu. "Une approche Monte Carlo par chaînes de Markov pour la classification des potentiels d' action : application à l' étude des corrélations d' activité des cellules de Purkinje." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066493.
Full textKeinj, Roukaya. "Modélisation de la croissance d'une tumeur après traitement par radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671961.
Full textJebalia, Mohamed. "Optimisation par stratégies d'évolution : convergence et vitesses de convergence pour des fonctions bruitées : résolution d'un problème d'identification." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066607.
Full textAzaïs, Romain. "Estimation non paramétrique pour les processus markoviens déterministes par morceaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844395.
Full textRaba, Adam. "Modélisation et simulation des réponses électriques de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD012/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to study bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with a specific two dimensional model that takes into account an intermediate state specific to organic materials. The model is solved numerically by a finite element software. After its validation, it is compared to two existing approaches in the literature. The large number of parameters needed to describe the complex charge generation mechanism requires a robust parameter extraction algorithm, based on the operation of Markov chains, in order to extract these physical parameters from experimental characterizations. The model and the parameter extraction method are then used to study the charge dissociation mechanism of a cell with a newly synthesized molecule. Finally, the temperature evolution of P3HT : PCBM solar cells are simulated and compared to experimental measurements
Votsi, Irène. "Evaluation des risques sismiques par des modèles markoviens cachés et semi-markoviens cachés et de l'estimation de la statistique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2058.
Full textThe first chapter describes the definition of the subject under study, the current state of science in this area and the objectives. In the second chapter, continuous-time semi-Markov models are studied and applied in order to contribute to seismic hazard assessment in Northern Aegean Sea (Greece). Expressions for different important indicators of the semi- Markov process are obtained, providing forecasting results about the time, the space and the magnitude of the ensuing strong earthquake. Chapters 3 and 4 describe a first attempt to model earthquake occurrence by means of discrete-time hidden Markov models (HMMs) and hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs), respectively. A nonparametric estimation method is followed by means of which, insights into features of the earthquake process are provided which are hard to detect otherwise. Important indicators concerning the levels of the stress field are estimated by means of the suggested HMM and HSMM. Chapter 5 includes our main contribution to the theory of stochastic processes, the investigation and the estimation of the discrete-time intensity of the hitting time (DTIHT) for the first time referring to semi-Markov chains (SMCs) and hidden Markov renewal chains (HMRCs). A simple formula is presented for the evaluation of the DTIHT along with its statistical estimator for both SMCs and HMRCs. In addition, the asymptotic properties of the estimators are proved, including strong consistency and asymptotic normality. In chapter 6, a comparison between HMMs and HSMMs in a Markov and a semi-Markov framework is given in order to highlight possible differences in their stochastic behavior partially governed by their transition probability matrices. Basic results are presented in the general case where specific distributions are assumed for sojourn times as well as in the special case concerning the models applied in the previous chapters, where the sojourn time distributions are estimated non-parametrically. The impact of the differences is observed through the calculation of the mean value and the variance of the number of steps that the Markov chain (HMM case) and the EMC (HSMM case) need to make for visiting for the first time a particular state. Finally, Chapter 7 presents concluding remarks, perspectives and future work
Elhamdi, Mourad. "Modélisation et simulation de chaînes de valeurs en entreprise : une approche dynamique des systèmes et aide à la décision SimulValor." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011950.
Full textLe décideur a besoin d'évaluer chacune des alternatives selon chacun des critères de choix retenus et qui représentent les objectifs à atteindre, et d'évaluer globalement chacune de ces alternatives selon l'ensemble des critères.
Ce travail se place dans le contexte d'aide à la décision managériale de haut niveau où les actions sont des projets potentiels de développement des activités de l'entreprise. L'approche proposée, désignée par SimulValor, utilise la dynamique des systèmes pour modéliser et simuler les alternatives d'action et en évaluer les performances ; et elle utilise la théorie de l'utilité pour l'agrégation de ces performances.
En résumé, l'approche SimulValor vise l'évaluation de différentes alternatives d'action concernant la configuration des activités de l'entreprise en simulant les flux de valeurs qui lient les actions aux performances et les performances aux valeurs générées aux parties bénéficiaires. La difficulté principale de la méthode est l'extraction, l'harmonisation et la quantification des données qualitatives qui caractérisent les liens d'influences (et surtout les fonctions d'utilité) existants entre les éléments modélisés.
Prevost, Guillaume. "Modélisation d'écosystèmes multi-niveaux par des systèmes mixtes." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0053.
Full textWe present in that document a meta-model of aquatic ecosystem which is multi-scale and uses hybrid approaches. Ecosystems are complex systems. Therefore, the model is made to give a performant description of multi-level interactions occuring in them. Thus, we propose a multi-scale and multi-level meta-model designed as an holarchy and embodying different approaches (equationnal, individual-based,. . . . ). Moreover, we present an ontology of the meta-model which help users understand and use that one. The methodology to apply the meta-model on a concrete problem using the ontology is shown. Finally, a plateform allowing using to compute their model as far as those ones respect the meta-model assumptions is described. Then, we introduce technics to detect, reify and handle emerging systems during the simulations. Those technics are based on the analysis of the interaction network of predator-preys simulation
Qin, Liang. "Application of irreversible Monte Carlo in realistic long-range systems." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLE009.
Full textThis thesis studies the behavior of event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC) in long-range particle systems. In the first two chapters, we introduce established methods for molecular simulation, highlighting their difficulties in dealing with Coulomb interaction, and gives the basic of ECMC. The third chapter presents our framework of Coulomb system sampling using ECMC. Under the tin-foil convention, the formulation consisting of pairwise terms for electrostatics can be directly applied to the cell-veto method. Together with dipole factorization, we obtain an O(NlogN)-per-sweep algorithm for dipole systems. Chapters four and five describe our development of a scientific application called JeLLyFysh for molecular simulation through ECMC. Its mediator design and stream processing of all operations can best accommodate future extensions. Using JeLLyFysh, we profile the performance of ECMC for large water systems in chapter six. The resulting dynamics imply that a more sophisticated scheme is needed to equilibrate the polarization. Finally, in chapter seven, we test the sampling strategy with sequential direction change. The dipole evolution exhibits distinct dynamics, and the set of direction choices and the order to select prove both crucial in mixing the dipole's orientation
Baysse, Camille. "Analyse et optimisation de la fiabilité d'un équipement opto-électrique équipé de HUMS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986112.
Full textZhang, Jian. "Modèles de Mobilité de Véhicules par Apprentissage Profond dans les Systèmes de Tranport Intelligents." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0015/document.
Full textThe intelligent transportation systems gain great research interests in recent years. Although the realistic traffic simulation plays an important role, it has not received enough attention. This thesis is devoted to studying the traffic simulation in microscopic level, and proposes corresponding vehicular mobility models. Using deep learning methods, these mobility models have been proven with a promising credibility to represent the vehicles in real-world. Firstly, a data-driven neural network based mobility model is proposed. This model comes from real-world trajectory data and allows mimicking local vehicle behaviors. By analyzing the performance of this basic learning based mobility model, we indicate that an improvement is possible and we propose its specification. An HMM is then introduced. The preparation of this integration is necessary, which includes an examination of traditional dynamics based mobility models and the adaptation method of “classical” models to our situation. At last, the enhanced model is presented, and a sophisticated scenario simulation is built with it to validate the theoretical results. The performance of our mobility model is promising and implementation issues have also been discussed
Goubet, Étienne. "Contrôle non destructif par analyse supervisée d'images 3D ultrasonores." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0011.
Full textSpinelli, Marta. "Cosmological parameter estimation with the Planck satellite data : from the construction of a likelihood to neutrino properties." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112241/document.
Full textThe cosmic microwave background (CMB), relic of the hot Big-Bang, carries the traces of both the rich structure formation of the late time epochs and the energetic early phases of the universe.The Planck satellite provided, from 2009 to 2013, high-quality measurements of the anisotropies of the CMB. These are used in this thesis to determine the parameters of the standard cosmological model and of the extension concerning the neutrino sector. The construction of an high-l Planck likelihood is detailed. This involves a masking strategy that deals in particular with the contamination from thermal emission of the Galaxy. The residual foregrounds are treated directly at the power spectrum level relying on physically motivated templates based on Planck studies.The statistical methods needed to extract the cosmological parameters in the comparison between models and data are described, both the Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain techniques and the frequentist profile likelihood. Results on cosmological parameters are presented using Planck data alone and in combination with the small scale data from the ground based CMB experiment ACT and SPT, the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and the Supernovae. Constraints on the absolute scale of neutrino masses and of the number of effective neutrino are also discussed
Thomas, Nicolas. "Stochastic numerical methods for Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes : applications in Neuroscience." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS385.
Full textIn this thesis, motivated by applications in Neuroscience, we study efficient Monte Carlo (MC) and Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods based on the thinning for piecewise deterministic (Markov) processes (PDMP or PDP) that we apply to stochastic conductance-based models. On the one hand, when the deterministic motion of the PDMP is explicitly known we end up with an exact simulation. On the other hand, when the deterministic motion is not explicit, we establish strong estimates and a weak error expansion for the numerical scheme that we introduce. The thinning method is fundamental in this thesis. Beside the fact that it is intuitive, we use it both numerically (to simulate trajectories of PDMP/PDP) and theoretically (to construct the jump times and establish error estimates for PDMP/PDP)
Bӑrbos, Andrei-Cristian. "Efficient high-dimension gaussian sampling based on matrix splitting : application to bayesian Inversion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0002/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with the problem of high-dimensional Gaussian sampling.Such a problem arises for example in Bayesian inverse problems in imaging where the number of variables easily reaches an order of 106_109. The complexity of the sampling problem is inherently linked to the structure of the covariance matrix. Different solutions to tackle this problem have already been proposed among which we emphasizethe Hogwild algorithm which runs local Gibbs sampling updates in parallel with periodic global synchronisation.Our algorithm makes use of the connection between a class of iterative samplers and iterative solvers for systems of linear equations. It does not target the required Gaussian distribution, instead it targets an approximate distribution. However, we are able to control how far off the approximate distribution is with respect to the required one by means of asingle tuning parameter.We first compare the proposed sampling algorithm with the Gibbs and Hogwild algorithms on moderately sized problems for different target distributions. Our algorithm manages to out perform the Gibbs and Hogwild algorithms in most of the cases. Let us note that the performances of our algorithm are dependent on the tuning parameter.We then compare the proposed algorithm with the Hogwild algorithm on a large scalereal application, namely image deconvolution-interpolation. The proposed algorithm enables us to obtain good results, whereas the Hogwild algorithm fails to converge. Let us note that for small values of the tuning parameter our algorithm fails to converge as well.Not with standing, a suitably chosen value for the tuning parameter enables our proposed sampler to converge and to deliver good results
Zidouni, Meriem. "Modélisation et analyse des performances de la bibliothèque MPI en tenant compte de l'architecture matérielle." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526164.
Full textJouini, Oualid. "Modèles Stochastiques pour l'Aide à la Décision dans les Centres d'appels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133341.
Full textDans la première partie, nous considérons un centre d'appels où tous les agents sont groupés dans un même pool et les clients sont traités indifféremment par un des agents. Nous étudions les bénéfices de la migration depuis cette configuration vers un centre d'appels où les clients sont divisés en classes (appelées portefeuilles de clients). Chaque portefeuille de clients est servi par un pool de conseillers qui lui est exclusivement dédié. Ensuite, nous considérons un centre d'appels avec deux classes de clients impatients. Nous développons des politiques dynamiques pour l'affectation des clients (selon leurs types) aux différentes files d'attente. L'objectif étant lié aux qualités de service différentiées exprimées en terme du pourcentage des clients perdus, ainsi qu'en terme de la variance du temps d'attente. Enfin, nous étudions un centre d'appels qui annonce le délai d'attente à chaque nouveau client. Nous montrons les avantages de l'annonce sur les performances du centre d'appels.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons un processus de naissance et de mort de forme générale. Nous calculons ensuite les moments de plusieurs variables aléatoires liées aux temps de premiers passages (ordinaires et conditionnels). Ensuite, nous montrons un résultat de concavité dans une file d'attente avec capacité limitée et avec une seule classe de clients impatients. Nous démontrons que la probabilité d'entrer en service est strictement croissante et concave en fonction de la taille de la file d'attente.
Vosgien, Thomas. "Ingénierie systèmes basée sur les modèles appliquée à la gestion et l'intégration des données de conception et de simulation : application aux métiers d'intégration et de simulation de systèmes aéronautiques complexes." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0011/document.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to the facilitation of design, integration and simulation activities in the aeronautics industry, but more generally in the context of collaborative complex product development. This objective is expected to be achieved through the use and improvement of digital engineering capabilities. During the last decade, the Digital Mock-Up (DMU) – supported by Product Data Management (PDM) systems – became a key federating environment to exchange/share a common 3D CAD model-based product definition between co-designers. It enables designers and downstream users(analysts) to access the geometry of the product assembly. While enhancing 3D and 2D simulations in a collaborative and distributed design process, the DMU offers new perspectives for analysts to retrieve the appropriate CAD data inputs used for Finite Element Analysis (FEA), permitting hence to speed-up the simulation preparation process. However, current industrial DMUs suffer from several limitations, such as the lack of flexibility in terms of content and structure, the lack of digital interface objects describing the relationships between its components and a lack of integration with simulation activities and data.This PhD underlines the DMU transformations required to provide adapted DMUs that can be used as direct input for large assembly FEA. These transformations must be consistent with the simulation context and objectives and lead to the concept of “Product View” applied to DMUs andto the concept of “Behavioural Mock-Up” (BMU). A product view defines the link between a product representation and the activity or process (performed by at least one stakeholder) that use or generate this representation as input or output respectively. The BMU is the equivalent of the DMU for simulation data and processes. Beyond the geometry, which is represented in the DMU,the so-called BMU should logically link all data and models that are required to simulate the physical behaviour and properties of a single component or an assembly of components. The key enabler for achieving the target of extending the concept of the established CAD-based DMU to the behavioural CAE-based BMU is to find a bi-directional interfacing concept between the BMU and its associated DMU. This the aim of the Design-Analysis System Integration Framework (DASIF) proposed in this PhD. This framework might be implemented within PLM/SLM environments and interoperate with both CAD-DMU and CAE-BMU environments. DASIF combines configuration data management capabilities of PDM systems with MBSE system modelling concepts and Simulation Data Management capabilities.This PhD has been carried out within a European research project: the CRESCENDO project, which aims at delivering the Behavioural Digital Aircraft (BDA). The BDA concept might consist in a collaborative data exchange/sharing platform for design-simulation processes and models throughout the development life cycle of aeronautics products. Within this project, the Product Integration Scenario and related methodology have been defined to handle digital integration chains and to provide a test case scenario for testing DASIF concepts. These latter have been used to specify and develop a prototype of an “Integrator Dedicated Environment” implemented in commercial PLM/SLM applications. Finally the DASIF conceptual data model has also served as input for contributing to the definition of the Behavioural Digital Aircraft Business Object Model: the standardized data model of the BDA platform enabling interoperability between heterogeneous PLM/SLM applications and to which existing local design environments and new services to be developed could plug
Ladret, Véronique. "Théorèmes limites fonctionnels pour des U-statistiques échantillonnéees par une marche aléatoire : étude de modèles stochastiques de repliement des protéines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008740.
Full textMourad, Abbas. "Modélisation de la morbi-mortalité du carcinome hépatocellulaire en France par stade de gravité : évaluation de différentes stratégies en fonction du dépistage et des ressources thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989711.
Full textTang, Daogui. "A simulation-based modeling framework for the analysis and protection of smart grids against false pricing attacks." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST017.
Full textThe integration of information and communication technology (ICT) systems with power systems enables a two-way communication exchange between customers and utilities, which helps engaging customers in various demand-response (DR) programs of smart grids (SGs), such as time-of-use (TOU) pricing and real-time pricing (RTP). However, this makes SG cyber-physical system exposed to additional threats coming from the ICT layer. For this reason, the threat of cyber attacks of various types has become a major concern. In this context, the focus of the thesis is on the modeling of , detection of and defense from a specific type of cyber attacks to DR schemes, namely, false pricing attacks (FPAs). The study approaches the problem firstly by modeling FPAs initiated in social networks (SNs). The false electricity prices spreading process is described by a multi-level influence propagation model considering customers’ personality characteristics and information value. Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to account for the stochastic nature of the influence propagation process. Then, considering the integration of distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs) in the RTP context, we study FPAs where attackers manipulate realtime electricity prices by injecting false consumption and renewable generation information. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based online detector is developed to detect the considered FPAs. Finally, to mitigate the impact of FPAs, an optimal defense strategy is defined, under limited resources. The dynamic interaction between attackers and defenders is modeled as a zero-sum Markov game where neither player has full information of the game model. A modelfree multi-agent reinforcement learning method is proposed to solve the game and find the Nash Equilibrium policies for both players. The thesis provides a simulationbased framework for modelling FPAs to smart grids. The findings of the thesis give insights into how FPAs can impact cyber-physical power systems by misleading a portion of customers in the electricity market and provide implications on how to mitigate such impact by detecting and defending the attacks