Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulation numérique Monte-Carlo'
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Fakhereddine, Rana. "Méthodes de Monte Carlo stratifiées pour l'intégration numérique et la simulation numériques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM047/document.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are numerical methods using random numbers to solve on computers problems from applied sciences and techniques. One estimates a quantity by repeated evaluations using N values ; the error of the method is approximated through the variance of the estimator. In the present work, we analyze variance reduction methods and we test their efficiency for numerical integration and for solving differential or integral equations. First, we present stratified MC methods and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique. Among stratification strategies, we focus on the simple approach (MCS) : the unit hypercube Is := [0; 1)s is divided into N subcubes having the same measure, and one random point is chosen in each subcube. We analyze the variance of the method for the problem of numerical quadrature. The case of the evaluation of the measure of a subset of Is is particularly detailed. The variance of the MCS method may be bounded by O(1=N1+1=s). The results of numerical experiments in dimensions 2,3, and 4 show that the upper bounds are tight. We next propose an hybrid method between MCS and LHS, that has properties of both approaches, with one random point in each subcube and such that the projections of the points on each coordinate axis are also evenly distributed : one projection in each of the N subintervals that uniformly divide the unit interval I := [0; 1). We call this technique Sudoku Sampling (SS). Conducting the same analysis as before, we show that the variance of the SS method is bounded by O(1=N1+1=s) ; the order of the bound is validated through the results of numerical experiments in dimensions 2,3, and 4. Next, we present an approach of the random walk method using the variance reduction techniques previously analyzed. We propose an algorithm for solving the diffusion equation with a constant or spatially-varying diffusion coefficient. One uses particles, that are sampled from the initial distribution ; they are subject to a Gaussian move in each time step. The particles are renumbered according to their positions in every step and the random numbers which give the displacements are replaced by the stratified points used above. The improvement brought by this technique is evaluated in numerical experiments. An analogous approach is finally used for numerically solving the coagulation equation ; this equation models the evolution of the sizes of particles that may agglomerate. The particles are first sampled from the initial size distribution. A time step is fixed and, in every step and for each particle, a coalescence partner is chosen and a random number decides if coalescence occurs. If the particles are ordered in every time step by increasing sizes an if the random numbers are replaced by statified points, a variance reduction is observed, when compared to the results of usual MC algorithm
Coulibaly, Ibrahim. "Contributions à l'analyse numérique des méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004933.
Full textTarhini, Ali. "Analyse numérique des méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo appliquées aux modèles d'agglomération." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS015.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated experiments. Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are deterministic versions of Monte Carlo methods. Random sequences are replaced by low discrepancy sequences. These sequences ha ve a better uniform repartition in the s-dimensional unit cube. We use a special class of low discrepany sequences called (t,s)-sequences. In this work, we develop and analyze Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo particle methods for agglomeration phenomena. We are interested, in particular, in the numerical simulation of the discrete coagulation equations (the Smoluchowski equation), the continuous coagulation equation, the continuous coagulation-fragmentation equation and the general dynamics equation (GDE) for aerosols. In all these particle methods, we write the equation verified by the mass distribution density and we approach this density by a sum of n Dirac measures ; these measures are weighted when simulating the GDE equation. We use an explicit Euler disretiza tion scheme in time. For the simulation of coagulation and coagulation-fragmentation, the numerical particles evolves by using random numbers (for MC simulations) or by quasi-Monte Carlo quadratures. To insure the convergence of the numerical scheme, we reorder the numerical particles by their increasing mass at each time step. In the case of the GDE equation, we use a fractional step iteration scheme : coagulation is simulated as previously, other phenomena (like condensation, evaporation and deposition) are integrated by using a deterministic particle method for solving hyperbolic partial differential equation. We prove the convergence of the QMC numerical scheme in the case of the coagulation equation and the coagulation-fragmentation equation, when the number n of numerical particles goes to infinity. All our numerical tests show that the numerical solutions calculated by QMC algorithms converges to the exact solutions and gives better results than those obtained by the corresponding Monte Carlo strategies
Thauvoye, Christophe. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements turbulents réactifs par une méthode hybride à fonction densité de probabilité transportée." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2276.
Full textThis work concerns the field of numerical simulation of turbulent reactive flows. The aim of this work is to study a hybrid method based on the use of a lagrangian transported Probability Density Function (PDF) method coupled with a eulerian method which solves the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (R. A. N. S). The first part is devoted to the description of the RANS and the transported PDF methods. The latter is more precisely detailed : it allows to highlight both advantages and drawbacks of the two approaches. In this context, we will develop all the aspects related to the modelling and resolution of the transported joint PDF equation. Its resolution generally uses a Monte-Carlo numerical simulation. We also show how the statistical nature of Monte-Carlo methods induces numerical difficulties, which led to the development of hybrid methods associating RANS method with a transported PDF approach. In the second part of this study, theoretical and numerical aspects of the hybrid methods are detailed, and more precisely the PEUL+ model developed at ONERA. A new – instationary – way of coupling is proposed. It improves the stability and precision of the model in comparison with the stationary way of coupling. It is then tested and validated on two configurations : a methane-air nonpremixed flame stabilised by a piloted flame ; and a premixed flame in a sudden symmetric plane expansion
Xiao, Yi-Jun. "Contribution aux méthodes arithmétiques pour la simulation accélérée." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9031.
Full textMateu, armengol Jan. "Étude numérique des effets du couplage du rayonnement thermique aux jets turbulents libres de vapeur d'eau." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC052/document.
Full textRadiation plays an important role in a broad range of thermal engineering applications comprising turbulent flows. The growing need for accurate and reliable numerical simulations to support the design stages of such applications is the main motivation of this thesis.Of special interest in this work are the free-shear flows and the fundamental understanding of how radiation can modify their fluid dynamics and heat trans- port as well as how their turbulence fluctuations can alter radiative transfer. The goal of this thesis is to provide high-fidelity data of turbulent free jets coupled with thermal radiation in order to develop and validate free-shear turbulent models accounting for coupling interactions. To this end, turbulent free jets are described by direct numerical simulations (DNS) coupled to a reciprocal Monte- Carlo method to solve the radiative transfer equation. The spectral dependency of the radiative properties is accounted for with an accurate Correlated-k (ck) method. The numerical study is carried out with state-of-the-art fidelity to be as representative as possible of an actual jet in a participating medium. The simulation is optimized in terms of processing time taking advantage of an acceleration method called Acoustic Speed Reduction and by injecting artificial turbulence to enhance inlet boundaries.Two direct simulations of heated jets coupled with thermal radiation are carried out. On the one hand, a heated jet with moderate radiation is simulated. The analysis of its high-fidelity coupled DNS data has allow to derive a new scaling law for the decay of the temperature profile. This scaling accounts for the effects of modified density due to moderate radiation. Moreover, it allows for distinguishing whether thermal radiation modifies the nature of heat transfer mechanisms in the jet developed region or not. On the other hand, a strongly heated free jet is computed in order to quantify the effects of radiation on mean temperature and velocity fields as well as on second order moments.Besides the coupled DNS data, a RANS solver for variable-density flows coupled with thermal radiation has been implemented during the course of this thesis. The goal is to directly quantify the accuracy of the existing turbulent models, and to identify key parameters for further modeling of coupling interactions
Sénégas, Julien. "Méthode de Monte Carlo en vision stéréoscopique : Application à l'étude de modèles numériques de terrain." Paris, ENMP, 2002. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005637.
Full textWang, Ye. "Ecoulement dans une pompe à vide turbomoléculaire : modélisation et analyse par voie numérique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI062/document.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the modeling and the numerical analysis of the flow in a turbomolecular vacuum pump of hybrid type, that is combining a succession of rotor and stator stages with an Holweck. A 3D Test Particle Monte Carlo approach has been developed for simulating industrial pump configurations (complex blade geometries, management of rotor and stator stages), with attention paid to the optimization of the computational cost. The numerical tool developed in the thesis has been validated for academic and industrial test cases, relying in particular on reference experimental results obtained on the test rig of the aVP company. The prediction improvement brought by the TPMC 3D approach with respect to the design tools available at the start of the thesis has been clearly demonstrated for the free molecular flow regime. Some design recommendations have also been formulated using the developed solver. The potential of a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo approach, taking into account the interactions between gas molecules, has also been established in 2D for the transition regime
Ung, Philippe. "Simulation numérique du transport sédimentaire : aspects déterministes et stochastiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2019/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested on the study of a sediment transport model through two different approaches. One of them concerns the numerical modelling of the problem and proposes a numerical problem-solving method based on an approximate Riemann solver for the Saint-Venant-Exner system which is one of the most common model to deal with sedimentary bed-load transport. This last one is based on a coupling between the hydraulic model of Saint-Venant and the morphodynamic model of Exner. The key point of the proposed method is the treatment of the coupling issue. Indeed, there exists two strategies; the first one consists on decoupling the resolution of the fluid part from the solid part and making them interact at fixed times whereas the second one considers a coupled approach to solve the system by jointly updating the hydraulic and solid quantities at same times. We then raise the issue of the choice of the strategy for which we suggest answers by comparing both approaches. The other one focuses on the development of a methodology to study the uncertainties related to the model previously mentioned. To this end, we propose a stochastic formulation of the Saint-Venant-Exner system and we look for characterizing the variabilities of the outputs in relation to the naturally random input parameters. This first study reveals the need for a return to the Saint-Venant system with a perturbed bed to understand the sensitivity of the hydraulic quantities on the topographical perturbations
Thiam, Cheik Oumar. "Dosimétrie en radiothérapie et curiethérapie par simulation Monte-Carlo GATE sur grille informatique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21771.
Full textFischer, Bernd. "Modélisation d'interfaces par simulations numériques : des polymères en solutions à la troposphère." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e7097b7d-070a-46b8-8034-1b1d5d455974.
Full textThis work aims to demonstrate the ability of numerical simulations to mode] solid · and liquid interfaces. In the work on the solid interfaces, the GCMC method was used to sin:rnlatc the ads011Jtion isotherrn of acetaldehyde on ice under the conditions of the ·upper tropospherc and the molecular dynamics method was usecl to characterize the adsorption of difünctionalized organic compounds on ice, aiming at interpreting experimental results. Part of this work was devotcd to the simulation of the phase diagrarn (p, T) of organic aerosols (oxalic acid and malonic) in tropospberic conditions to study the ability of aerosols to act as condensation nuclei for icc particlcs. The work: on liquid interfaces concerned firstly the competitive adsorption of polymcrs and surfactants at the water surface. It is based on a very precise desc1iption, by mnncrical simulation, of the structure émd dynamics cif the surface of the considered systems. The second pari of the work on liquid interfaces bas focused on the characterization of ion transfer across a liquid/liquid interface through the calculations of the free energy variations of the system during the transfo·. To obtain a rigorous desc1iptio11 of the details of the corresponding processes, a specific method was developed in this thesis to calculate the free energy profile while taking into account tbe dynamics of the interface
Dutour, Julien. "Simulation numérique et caractérisation de matériaux poreux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0027.
Full textThis PhD concerned three different aspects, related both to simulation and resolution of structures from X-ray powder data:- The first aspect of my thesis aims at finding new solutions for solving complex structures for which a single method is unable to provide the solution when a single crystal is not available. Taking advantage of the expertise of the group in powder crystallography, solid state NMR and computer simulation, we decided to conjugate these three complementary approaches for trying to reach a solution. - The second part present the energetic studies of hypothetic porous germanates, which seem to be good candidates for the applications of porous solids (catalysis, gas storage or separation). - The third point concerned the extension of the AASBU to hybrid structures. The concept of SBU applies both to the inorganic and organic moieties. We had to find the proper ways for ‘sticking’ these bricks together in all the possible ways for providing not only the known structures, but also new virtual (or not yet discovered) ones. For two new structures, we decided to focus on the association of organic linkers with the rare inorganic trimeric units of three octahedra linked by a mu3-O, the chemical conditions of existence of which being established by the chemistry group of the laboratory. Coupled with either trimesic (MIL-100) or terephtalic (MIL-101) acids, this trimer gives two green powders. The indexation of the patterns lead to cubic symmetries (Fd-3m) and huge cell parameters (a = 72A for MIL-100 and 89A for MIL-101, corresponding to the unprecedented cell volumes of 380,000 and 706,000A3)
Degrelle, Deborah. "Caractérisation numérique de la technique de spectrométrie gamma par simulation Monte-Carlo. Application à la datation d'échantillons envrionnementaux." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD004/document.
Full textIn order to improve the determination of environmental samples activity, the detector efficiency calibration must be reliable. These studies deal with the main issues in gamma-ray spectrometry: the self-absorption and the true coincidence summing effects (TCS). These phenomena are studied by metrology and Monte-Carlo simulation (MCNP6) that imply the faithful of our detector models in relation to the experimental device. The self-absorption problem is the main one when the used standard for efficiency calibration has not the same physical and chemical characteristics than samples. A numerical calibration seems to be more suitable and we apply it for Longemer lake archives (France). A new method is proposed where an experimental measurement is processed through numerical simulations to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of the samples. It makes it possible to define a virtual chemical composition to use Monte-Carlo simulation. Then the numerical calibration at 59.54 keV gives a 24% self-absorption correction. The TCS problems can also be corrected by simulation. The ETNA software can determine this correction but it doesn’t make the well type detector model possible, with a geometry conducive to TCS effects. With the aim of correcting the efficiency of our well detector, the efficiency transfer, which can be adjusted to any device, is used. The results with this method are validated by MCNP6 and Genie 2000 software on the main lines of 214Bi
Reyhanian, Mashhadi Mehrnaz. "Simulation numérique par la méthode Monte Carlo (DSMC) et modélisation analytique d'un mélange gazeux dans un micro canal." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066396.
Full textVeiller, Laurent. "Etude de multicouches fer/terbium : simulation numérique Monte Carlo de propriétés magnétiques et analyse structurale par sonde atomique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES051.
Full textFerré, Giménez Ricardo. "Etude de nanoparticules magnétiques par simulation numérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10224.
Full textBonomi, Ernesto. "Simulation numérique et mécanique statistique : extension et étude de quelques problèmes d'ingénierie." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112322.
Full textAmeur, Djilali. "Modélisation analytique et simulation numérique par la méthode de Monte-Carlo d'un écoulement de gaz dans des micro-canaux." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066102.
Full textThierry, Olivier. "Rétrodiffusion de la lumière par un milieu particulaire dense : étude expérimentale et simulation numérique par la technique de Monte Carlo." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUE5042.
Full textKrepysheva, Natalia. "Transport anormal de traceurs passifs en milieux poreux hétérogènes : équations fractionnaires, simulation numérique et conditions aux limites." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0502.
Full textIn a number of disordered porous, solute spreading does not obey Fick's law. The latter describes the evolution of a plume of tracer. When initial data represent a local impulse, the concentration is a Gaussian variance is proportional to time. Experimental data obtained in aquifers have put into evidence qualitatively different behaviors, replacing Gaussians by stable Lévy densities, which also are non increasing functions. But in the large values asymptotics, they behave algebraically, and in general the second moment does not converge. Moreover, stable Lévy densities are the fundamental solutions of a wide class of partial differetial equations, which are space-fractional equations. They resemble heat equation, with the Laplacean being replaced by a derivative of non-integer order. They also rule the evolution of the concentration of a cloud of random walkers performing Lévy flights, wich are more general than Brownian motion, with the jump length density being a stable Lévy law. All these point are detailed in the thesis. The main results concern the spreading of matter in a semi-infinite medium where the motion of tracer particles is described by Lévy flights (on the small scale) except when they meet the boundary. With a reflexive wall, it is necessary to modify the kernel of the fractional derivative on the right hand-side of the equation ruling the evolution of the concentration of walkers. The theoretical result is illustrated by a Monte Carlo simulation, and compared with the numerical discretization of the fractional equation in a semi-infinite medium
Poncet, Romain. "Méthodes numériques pour la simulation d'équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques non-linéaires en condensation de Bose-Einstein." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX069/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the numerical study of two stochastic models arising in Bose-Einstein condensation physics. They constitute two generalisations of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation. This deterministic partial differential equation model the wave function dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in an external confining potential. The first chapter contains a simple presentation of the Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon and of the experimental methods used to construct such systems.The first model considered enables to model the fluctuations of the confining potential intensity, and takes the form of a stochastic partial differential equation. In practice, these fluctuations lead to heating of the condensate and possibly to its collapse. In the second chapter we propose to build a numerical scheme to solve this model. It is based on a spectral space discretisation and a Crank-Nicolson discretisation in space. We show that the proposed scheme converges strongly at order at least one in probability. We also present numerical simulations to illustrate this result. The third chapter is devoted to the numerical and theoretical study of the dynamics of a stationary solution (for the deterministic equation) of vortex type. We study the influence of random disturbances of the confining potential on the solution. We show that the disturbed solution conserves the symmetries of the stationary solution for times up to at least the square of the inverse of the fluctuations intensity. These results are illustrated with numerical simulations based on a Monte-Carlo method suited to rare events estimation.The second model can be used to model the effects of the temperature on the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate. In the case of finite temperature, the Bose-Einstein condensation is not complete and the condensate interacts with the non-condensed particles. These interactions are interesting to understand the dynamics of the phase transition and analyse the phenomena of symmetry breaking associated, like the spontaneous nucleation of vortices We have studied in the fourth and the fifth chapters some questions linked to the long time simulation of this model solutions. The fourth chapter is devoted to the construction of an unbiased sampling method of measures known up to a multiplicative constant. The distinctive feature of this Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo algorithm is that it enables to perform an unbiased non-reversible sampling based on an overdamped Langevin equation. It constitutes a generalization of the Metropolis-Adjusted Langevin Algorithm (MALA). The fifth chapter is devoted to the numerical study of metastable dynamics linked to the nucleation of vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. A numerical integrator and a suited Monte-Carlo methods for the simulation of metastable dynamics are proposed. This Monte-Carlo method is based on the Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (AMS) algorithm
Lebrère, Alexandre. "Construction d'un code de simulation numérique utilisant la méthode de Monte-Carlo pour le transfert radiatif d'une couche de plasma magnétisé turbulent." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2007.
Full textChung, Salomon. "Effet d'un champ électrique sur la structure et la dynamique de suspensions colloïdales confinées : étude numérique par simulation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1059/document.
Full textThe work presented in this dissertation is in the framework of the theoretical study ofcolloidal dispersions, i.e. suspensions of particles whose size varies from nanometers tomicrometers. In such a medium, the interactions between particles can be tuned through their surfacecomposition for instance. One may also modify the environment of the colloids:a specific solvent can be combined with confinement of the mixture andan external can field applied on it in order to tune its thermodynamic properties.Once a model of a physical system is defined, computer simulation can be used to explorea range of parameters to check if the sought phenomenon occurs, before carrying outany real experiment. This work focuses on this preliminary step: our model consists ofa mixture of dipolar and apolar hard spheres in a confined medium and subjected to anelectric field (or a magnetic one for ferrocolloids).In a first step, we use Monte Carlo simulation to study equilibrium states ofa binary mixture confined between distant walls,with symmetric composition of the two species having non additive interactions.By comparing the results of different densities and field directions,we recover some properties already observed for similar systems.In the reference state where the field is turned off, the mixture at low density is stableand we notice that the dipoles stay away from the walls.A denser mixture separates into two phases and in the dipoles rich one,the dipolar particles now wet the walls.When the mixture is subjected to a field perpendicular to the walls,it remains stable in spite of its high density and non additivity between unlike particles.Increasing the field induces a structuring of the dipolar component near the wallsand we observe column shaped clusters of dipoles along the direction of the field.Finally, the application of a field parallel to the walls separates the mixture,even at the lowest density we chose. Dipoles stay away from the walls and we observeentangled dipoles chains.In a second step we explore the dynamics of a mixture with asymmetric composition andsubjected to a field. We combine Monte Carlo and molecular dynamic (Langevin) simulationsin this study. The mixture is confined in a box with a bottleneck channel in order tosimulate an open pore exchanging particles with a reservoir through an explicit interface.The field which is perpendicular to the walls is applied in the bottleneck regionto attract dipoles there.We first consider a low density mixture such that the filling / emptying cycleof the pore is reversible.The intensity of the field is then increased to speed up the cycles.As expected, the dipoles fill the pore faster then. However their composition saturatesunder the maximum value found for a lower field.A series of cycles was performed with increasing Langevin damping coefficients but stilllow enough to reduced the computation time.We then notice that the filling or emptying duration is a linear function ofthe damping coefficient. The duration of a cycle for colloids is then obtained fromextrapolation.Combining non additivity and high enough density, we are able to make an irreversible cycle:depending on the application sought for, this irreversibility can be useful ormust be avoided.This chapter ends with the assessment of the duration of a cycle with respect tothe size of colloids. We use an interaction model between colloidal particles wherea colloid is uniformly made of repulsive centers following a power law.With some scaling law hypotheses, the duration of a filling or an emptying is estimated forsmall colloids down to nearly molecular dimensions
Joly, Julie. "Simulation de l'interaction entre les ions du plasma et l'onde à fréquence cyclotronique ionique avec les codes EVE et SPOT." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0423.
Full textThermonuclear fusion is the clean energy of the stars and the most favourable solution tothe energy transition. The principle of fusion is to gather light nuclei that release a high level ofenergy (five times more than the fission reaction used in nuclear power plants to date). The fusionreaction occurs naturally in stars like the Sun, so it is important to imitate the temperature anddensity conditions of the Sun on Earth. For this purpose we use a machine similar to a donutcalled Tokamak. My work in this field has consisted in improving the modelling methods of theheating systems of these Tokamaks in order to increase the fusion reactions by creating a workflowcombining several codes called self-coherent modelling
Bourdon, Alex. "Étude de l'environnement induit de la navette : exploitation des données en vol EOIM-III et comparaison à une modélisation numérique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0007.
Full textLouvin, Henri. "Development of an adaptive variance reduction technique for Monte Carlo particle transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS351/document.
Full textThe Adaptive Multilevel Splitting algorithm (AMS) has recently been introduced to the field of applied mathematics as a variance reduction scheme for Monte Carlo Markov chains simulation. This Ph.D. work intends to implement this adaptative variance reduction method in the particle transport Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-4, dedicated among others to radiation shielding and nuclear instrumentation studies. Those studies are characterized by strong radiation attenuation in matter, so that they fall within the scope of rare events analysis. In addition to its unprecedented implementation in the field of particle transport, two new features were developed for the AMS. The first is an on-the-fly scoring procedure, designed to optimize the estimation of multiple scores in a single AMS simulation. The second is an extension of the AMS to branching processes, which are common in radiation shielding simulations. For example, in coupled neutron-photon simulations, the neutrons have to be transported alongside the photons they produce. The efficiency and robustness of AMS in this new framework have been demonstrated in physically challenging configurations (particle flux attenuations larger than 10 orders of magnitude), which highlights the promising advantages of the AMS algorithm over existing variance reduction techniques
Turbatte, Jean-Christophe. "Étude par simulation numérique du dommage d'irradiation dans les alliages fer - cuivre." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10243.
Full textHimoudi, Abdelilah. "Simulation numérique de la cinétique des ions dans les gaz rares faiblement ionisés : détermination des données de base." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30171.
Full textPaillet, Adrien. "Étude par simulation Monte Carlo de l'imagerie TEP corps entier ultra rapide dans un contexte clinique réaliste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04885374.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality for diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up in oncology. Improving image quality, in terms of contrast and resolution, therefore remains a priority objective. This could be achieved by increasing the sensitivity of imagers with Total-body systems, for example, or by improving the Coincidence Time Resolution (CTR) to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstructed image. However, developing such systems is costly, time-consuming, and sometimes even technologically unfeasible to date, hence the importance of Monte Carlo simulations in advancing this work and numerically testing avenues and hypotheses for improvement.In this thesis, we have conducted a realistic numerical simulation for a whole-body scanner with a one-meter axial field of view and a CTR of 100 ps and less. It should be noted that the best CTR achieved with a PET scanner for clinical use currently exceeds 200 ps, while CTRs below 100 ps have only been obtained on test benches. Therefore, this work aims to use simulations to study the coupling effects between increasing the axial field of view of PET cameras and increasing CTR performance in a clinical oncology context. Simulations are carried out using the GATE platform and Geant4.The first part of this thesis consists of simulating and validating General Electric's SIGNA clinical PET/MRI camera. It has an axial field of view of 25 cm and a CTR of 390 ps. The model is validated following the NEMA protocol with experimental data on sensitivity, spatial resolution, CTR, coincidence count rates and quantitative indices in the contrast level of reconstructed images.Further work generalizes the 25 cm SIGNA PET model to a 1 m whole-body axial field of view. An anthropomorphic XCAT phantom is used to simulate a ¹⁸F-FDG clinical examination in oncology. Four heterogeneous tumours are integrated into the model: three in the liver (two hyperactive and one hypoactive) and one in the lung. Different hypotheses are tested on CTRs (390 ps and 100 ps), acquisition times (300 s for standard duration, 180 s and 60 s), and decreases in the quantity of tracer injected (standard dose divided by 10 and by 100). Qualitative and quantitative analyses, compared with the state-of-the-art SIGNA GE PET scanner, are carried out to assess performance. The results show that the 100 ps CTR gives the best results regarding image contrast and fidelity to reality. Moreover, image quality with CTR 100 ps and a dose/10 remains visually interpretable, which is particularly encouraging for reducing injected doses in clinical PET applications.The prospective study explores the benefits of a CTR of less than 100 ps. This work focuses on a compromise between crystal thickness and, therefore, sensitivity and temporal resolution (impacted by the photon propagation time in the detector crystal). A study was carried out on two crystal thicknesses (5 mm and 11 mm) and, therefore, two CTRs (25 ps and 50 ps, respectively).The results indicate that with current technology, it is preferable to maintain a slightly higher CTR (100 ps) rather than aiming for CTRs below 100 ps with smaller crystals, as the loss of sensitivity is not compensated by the CTR improvement in clinical images.To improve image quality, it is, therefore, essential to continue working on reducing CTR while increasing intrinsic detection sensitivity. Another approach could be integrating the measurement of interaction depth to reduce its influence on temporal resolution
Fongang, Bernard. "Etude par simulation numérique des propriétés structurales et magnétiques des systèmes ioniques nanostructurés : description des joints de grains." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1015.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at understanding the structure of grains boundaries (GB) observed in the nanostructured form of ferric fluoride (FeF3). The FeF3 system has two advantages : it is a chemically simple material (two types of atoms) and presents a polymorphism with three crystalline phases, "amorphous" forms and nanostructured forms, all having architectures composed of corner-sharing octahedra FeF6. The different phases of FeF3 have been intensively studied in recent decades. The latest experimental results obtained in our laboratory concern nanostructured FeF3 powders obtained by mechanical milling. They show that the nanoscale variety of FeF3 is composed of two parts : the crystalline grain and grain boundary (the thickness of which is dependent on the energy and duration of milling high energy). In this work, we studied the structural and magnetic properties of a model system composed of an interface in between two grains by numerical simulation with the Monte-Carlo/Metropolis method. The construction of the simulation boxes the sizes of which are ranged from 6 and 10 nm, is based on Voronoï cells in which crystals grow starting from fixed centers following given directions in order to create an interface between disoriented crystallites. Different crystallographic disorientations of the two grains were studied. The simulation consists of a selective heating at the interface followed by a relaxation of the whole system using a simulated annealing scheme. To optimize the calculation and to overcome the periodic boundary condition problem, we used a scheme to preferentially select atoms to be relaxed according to a probability dependent on their distance to the interface. Moreover, this scheme helps us to maintain a crystalline system far from the interface. The obtained results allow us to conclude from the evolution of superexchange angle and the Fe-F distance according to the distance to the interface, that the structure obtained is composed of two areas : one area crystal and a second zone consisting of several layers with distorted octahedra. The interface, which still composed of corner-sharing octahedra FeF6, contains a significant fraction of odd cycles of iron atoms and, given the antiferromagnetic nature of interactions in this compound, behaves as magnetically frustrated. In a second time we have, studied the magnetism of these systems. The results show that the magnetic equilibrium state is made up of two zones separated by an antiferromagnetic steep interface coupling the two perpendicular zones, and this, whatever the disorientation of initial crystallites
Stoltz, Gabriel. "Simulation moléculaire : Problèmes dynamiques et hors d'équilibre." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709965.
Full textVo, Thi Thu Huong. "Etude du comportement thermique d'un matériau multicouches lacunaires et contribution à la modélisation et la simulation numérique des dépôts à structure colonnaire." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2011.
Full textYao, Min. "Computed radiography system modeling, simulation and optimization." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0128/document.
Full textFor over a century, film-based radiography has been used as a nondestructive testing technique for industrial inspections. With the advent of digital techniques in the medical domain, the NDT community is also considering alternative digital techniques. Computed Radiography (CR) is a cost-efficient and easy-to-implement replacement technique because it uses equipment very similar to film radiography. This technology uses flexible and reusable imaging plates (IP) as a detector to generate a latent image during x-ray exposure. With an optical scanning system, the latent image can be readout and digitized resulting in a direct digital image. CR is widely used in the medical field since it provides good performance at low energies. For industrial inspection, CR application is limited by its poor response to high energy radiation and the presence of scattering phenomena. To completely replace film radiography by such a system, its performance still needs to be improved by either finding more appropriate IPs or by optimizing operating conditions. Guidelines have been addressed in international standards to ensure a good image quality supplied by CR system, where metallic screens are recommended for the case of using high energy sources. However, the type and thickness of such a screen are not clearly defined and a large panel of possible configurations does exist. Simulation is a very useful tool to predict experimental outcomes and determine the optimal operating conditions. The Monte Carlo (MC) methods are widely accepted as the most accurate method to simulate radiation transport problems. It can give insight about physical phenomena, but due to its random nature, a large amount of computational time is required, especially for simulations involving complex geometries. Deterministic methods, on the other hand, can handle easily complex geometry, and are quite efficient. However, the estimation of scattering effects is more difficult with deterministic methods. In this thesis work, we have started with a Monte Carlo simulation study in order to investigate the physical phenomena involved in IP and in metallic screens at high energies. In particular we have studied separately the behavior of X-ray photons and electrons. Some experimental comparisons have been carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Then, we have proposed a hybrid simulation approach, combining the use of deterministic and Monte Carlo code, for simulating the imaging of complex shapes objects. This approach takes into account degradation introduced by X-ray scattering and fluorescence inside IP, as well as optical photons scattering during readout process. Different simulation configurations have been compared
Cherradi, el Fadili Ibrahim. "Simulation numérique directe d'écoulements gazeux par la méthode de Monte-Carlo : application à l'étude de mélanges gazeux entre le régime continu et le régime moléculaire libre." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112401.
Full textChen, Linghong. "Etude par simulation numérique de l'influence de la diffusion multiple sur le rayonnement de milieux discrets émissifs." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES027.
Full textThe focus of this research is to better understand the radiative heat transfer in combustion media with simultaneous absorption, multiple scattering, and emission. The work is mainly devoted to multiple scattering effects in participating media. A 3D Monte-Carlo model is developed, validated, then applied to non-optically thin media. A numerical simulation of “two-color” thermometry based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF) is presented for polydisperse sprays. The influence of several parameters on the spray emission spectrum is tested. Increasing droplets concentrations leads us to a known “red-shift” phenomenon, which is quantified. Then, the statistical approach is applied to soot particles in flames in the frame of the LII technique (Laser Induced Incandescence). Some diagnostics bias origins are emphasized
Zhou, Kedi. "Une nouvelle méthode pour l'indice de réfraction d'échantillons à l'échelle du microlitre sous conditions sévères : Étude expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3030.
Full textRefractive index (RI) is an essential parameter of transparent fluids, used to characterize purity, concentration and other parameters, with wide application in chemical, food, and petroleum processing. This work describes a new method for measuring the RI of microlitre samples under harsh temperatures, pressures or chemical conditions, by measuring the elliptical polarization of a characteristic optical cusp reflected off the inner wall of a micro-capillary sample cell under the transmission microscope. The method is simple, cheap and capable of yielding an error of RI Dn ≈0.005 at pressures of tens of Mpa and temperatures from liquid nitrogen to 100’s of °C. The method is developed and validated with the help of Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations. A secondary finding is that a pattern of bright and dark arcs observed in emulsions under crossed polarizers may be an artifact, unrelated to the Maltese cross expected with supposed birefringent liquid crystal phases
Le, Corre Benjamin. "Thermoformage du verre - Développement numérique d'un modèle thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975511.
Full textMarcos, Grégory. "Simulation numérique par méthode Monte Carlo de la gravure du silicium en plasma fluoré : étude du rôle de l'oxygène dans la passivation : comparaison avec des résultats expétimentaux." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2063.
Full textLiu, Xin. "Numerical modeling and simulation of selective laser sintering in polymer powder bed." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI012/document.
Full textMany industrial and academic interests concerning the additive manufacturing processes are developed in the last decades. As one of the most promising technique of additive manufacturing, the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) has been valued by both industry and academic. However, it remains that several phenomena are still not well understood in order to properly model the process and propose quality improvement of parts made. The goal of this Ph.D. project is to develop a framework of numerical simulation in order to model the SLS process in polymer powder bed, meanwhile understanding multiple physical phenomena occurring during the process and studying the influence of process parameters on the quality of final product. In contrast to traditional approach, based on the equivalent homogeneous material in numerical modeling of partial differential equations derived from conservation laws, we propose a global model to simulate powder-based additive manufacturing by using the Discrete Element method (DEM). It consists in a coupling between four different physical models: radiative heat transfer, discrete heat conduction, sintering and granular dynamics models. Firstly, the submodel of radiative heat transfer concerns the interaction between the laser beam and powder bed. Several phenomena are considered, including the reflection, transmission, absorption and scattering. Besides, a modified Monte Carlo ray-tracing method is developed in order to study the influence of scattering on the distribution of the deposited laser energy inside the powder bed Furthermore, the submodel of discrete heat conduction describes the inter-particles heat diffusion. Moreover, the sintering submodel concerns the phenomena of coalescence and air diffusion. It describes the melting kinetics of grains, driven by surface tension and the release of entrapped gases inside powder bed. Finally, the granular dynamics submodel concerns the motions and contacts between particles when depositing a new layer of powders. The coupling between these submodels leads to propose a global numerical framework, validated by comparing the results to both simulated and experimental ones from literatures. A parametric study is then proposed for model validation and process analysis. The Influence of different material and process parameters on the evolution of temperature, relative density and materials structure and characteristics are investigated. The results exhibit accurate modeling of the complex phenomena occurring during the SLS process, and the work constitute a great potential in modeling and optimization of additive processes
Arnoult, Mickaël. "Contribution à l’étude des dynamiques moléculaires associées aux cinétiques de relaxation sous contrainte dans les polymères semi-critallins : Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES039.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the study of the glass transition and of the relaxation phenomenon in glasses. This study is divided into two axis: a/ an experimental study on a linear polymer (PLLA) with different crystallinity degrees and b/ a Monte Carlo computer simulation using the Bond Fluctuating Length (BFL) model. In the first part, the presence of a crystalline phase in PLLA has been shown to have a weak influence on the amorphous phase molecular mobility. However, for intermediate degrees, this crystalline phase can lead to an amorphous phase separation: one phase far and free from the crystal influence, a second phase, closer to the crystals, interacting with the latters and so presenting a lower molecular mobility. In the second part of the work, the glass transition has been simulated using two interaction potentials: a Lennard-Jones (inter-molecular) and a Bond Length (intra-molecular). However, the choice of the ration between this two potential is of a great importance in regard of the result obtained. Isothermal treatments at temperature lower than the ones of the liquid has enlightened two phenomena: at low temperatures is observed the relaxation of a frozen liquid as at temperatures just under the liquid state, an ordering appears during the annealing time
Ledue, Denis. "Simulation de structures magnétiques dans des réseaux quasipériodiques bidimensionnels." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUE5038.
Full textVo, Thi Thu Huong. "ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT THERMIQUE D'UN MATERIAU MULTICOUCHES LACUNAIRES ET CONTRIBUTION A LA MODELISATION ET LA SIMULATION NUMERIQUE DES DEPOTS A STRUCTURE COLONNAIRE." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340855.
Full textl'écran. L'apport d'énergie des électrons qui se déposent sur le masque entraîne son échauffement et du coup sa déformation nuisant à la qualité de l'image. La solution que nous avons
étudiée consiste à déposer des couches minces de matériaux choisis, entre autres, pour leurs propriétés thermiques. Cette thèse comporte deux parties :
- La première consiste à modéliser l'échauffement du masque soumis au balayage électronique et vérifier si les solutions proposées permettent de réduire les gradients thermiques. En s'appuyant sur un calcul d'homogénéisation, nous avons proposé une formulation du comportement thermique de matériau sans couches minces prenant en compte la présence des trous sur le masque. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le problème d'évolution bidimensionnel obtenu en intégrant sur l'épaisseur du masque. A l'issu du travail précédent, une étude de l'influence de la présence des couches de différents matériaux sur la propagation latérale de la chaleur a été menée.
- L'objectif de la seconde partie est la mise au point des modèles mathématiques du processus de dépôt des couches minces de matériaux sur le masque. Notre approche comprend deux types de modélisation : les modèles discrets et les modèles continus. Les modèles discrets sont basés sur des méthodes de type Monte Carlo. Les modèles continus sont décrits par des équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques dont les solutions fournissent la hauteur du
dépôt en fonction du temps et de la position. Parmi les modèles continus existants, nous avons choisi d'axer notre étude sur les modèles incluant un effet d'ombrage car ils sont à même de
reproduire les structures colonnaires observées expérimentalement. L'étude de l'influence des différents termes intervenant dans les 2 modèles (MC et EDP) nous a permis de proposer un nouveau modèle continu dont les solutions sont proches de celles obtenues par les méthodes de Monte Carlo. Cette étude a été menée aussi bien en 1+1D qu'en 2+1D.
Charles, Frédérique. "Modélisation mathématique et étude numérique d'un aérosol dans un gaz raréfié. Application à la simulation du transport de particules de poussière en cas d'accident de perte de vide dans ITER." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463639.
Full textOukfif, Samira. "Modélisation numérique du transport de masse et de la filtration dans les milieux poreux saturés." Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0007.
Full textThis work aims is devoted to the development of numerical model in order to simulate the mass transport in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. So to guarantee security, a reliable numerical model will be used at long term to predict the progression of pollution in a ground. The model is based on the convection-dispersion equation coupled with a deposition release kinetic. The transport equation in 1D and 2D is resolved by means of a Lagrangian method, called particle method which uses a dispersion velocity technique. The boundary conditions are interpreted with a technique of a ghost particle. Due to the retention and detachment of the particle, the Kozeny-Carman relation is employed to evaluate the porosity variation in the porous media. The sensitivity study of the model is performed by considering a various configurations when analytical solutions are provided and shows a sufficient precision for adequate numerical parameters. The numerical model validation is obtained by fitting the tracer laboratory column under the constant flow or constant flow head conditions. Under the constant flow head, a coupling between the transport equation and flow equation (Darcy’s low) are performed by resolving flow equation using a numerical model of the finite differences on a fixed grid. The coupling between the flow problem and the transport problem is realized with using a non iterative sequential scheme. The exchanges between the grid and the particles are ensured by means of interpolation function. A good fitting is obtained from the numerical results and experiment data measured in the term of breakthrough curves, in particular when the deposition and release kinetic were considered. The constant flow head shows an important reduction of the porosity profiles at the entry of the laboratory column. Then, the numerical model is used to simulate the erosion (suffusion) of a ground by considering only release, and the fitting of the laboratory column showed a good agreement. An interesting alternative to particle tracking random walk random is studied in order to simulate the transport of sorbing solutes in homogeneous and heterogeneous infinite media. The deposition release kinetic is replaced by a nonlinear Freundlich sorption is considered. A stochastic approach which consists in generating many simulations for which flow and transport problems are resolved. The final results are obtained by means of an average on all numerical simulations performed called Monte Carlo approach. The results obtained are in agreement with those presented in the literature. In order to simulate transport, deposition and release in a finite porous media, the numerical model presented in this study allowed the implementation of the particle method. Nevertheless, the model studied of the deposition and release kinetic can be improved in order to take account the coupling between the two processes and in particular the threshold of detachment of the particles
Lopes-Biancarelli, Aurélie. "Modélisation de diagrammes de phase de nanoalliages : application aux systèmes à tendance à l'ordre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4111/document.
Full textNano-alloys are commonly the name given to nano-particles of alloys. The size and chemical composition of nano-alloys affect physical and chemical properties. Relation between structure and properties is interesting for the difference of bulk and nano-alloys properties. As bulk alloys which are characterised by phase diagram (in concentration and temperature), nano-alloys can be studie to determine a phase diagram in function of concentration, temperature, size and shape. CoPt nano-particles are interesting for the development of ultra-high density magnetic memories which require strong magnetic anisotropy as it exists in the L10 bulk phase. It has been shown experimentally the CoPt nano-alloys order with the L10 structure exist for the small size (2-3nm). Theoretical studies, using model taking into account the lattice's relaxations have confirmed the ordering of the fcc nano-particles with a Wulff polyhedron (WP) shape. We propose a theoretical study focus on CoPt WP, use a simple energetic model the Tight Binding Ising Model which reproduce the bulk ordering and the three driving surface segregation force (alloying, surface and atomic relaxation effect). Statistical analysis are conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation in the canonical and semi-grand canonical ensemble to characterize a phase diagram for bulk and nano-particles. In the semi-grand canonical ensemble we are interested on the synergy or competition between cluster core ordering and surface segregation of CoPt system. We characterised the order (short and long distance) at the core of the cluster and we studied frustration of the ordering
Marchand, Estelle. "Analyse de sensibilité déterministe pour la simulation numérique du transfert de contaminants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271632.
Full textKervella, Marine. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique de la spectroscopie optique des tissus biologiques : application à l'imagerie moléculaire de fluorescence résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433858.
Full textRevel, Adrien. "Modélisation des plasmas magnétisés. Application à l'injection de neutres pour ITER et au magnétron en régime impulsionnel haute puissance." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112083/document.
Full textA plasma is defined as a partially or completely ionized gas. Even though, they are very present in the visible universe, natural plasmas are rare on Earth. However, they are a major interest for industries and research institutes (surface treatment, spatial propulsion). Nevertheless, the understanding of plasma behavior is complicated because of the numerous physical fields involved. Moreover, theses plasmas can be magnetized, i.e., a magnetic field, external or induced, affects significantly the particle trajectories: r/L<1 where r is the Larmor radius and L the typical length of the system. This thesis is focused on the plasma modeling in two device: the accelerator of the ITER's neutral beam injector (NBI) and the magnetron in DC or HiPIMS regime. The feasibility of nuclear fusion on Earth is subject of numerous research around the world. Because of the energy necessary to get over the Coulomb barrier, the plasma must be confined. For ITER, the confinement is achieved by intense magnetic fields. However, to reach the required conditions of nuclear fusion reactions, especially in temperature, a high energy (1MeV) neutral beam injector is needed. The particle acceleration is a critical part in the creation of the neutral beam and it represents a technical challenge which is studied in this thesis work. The magnetron is an industrial process for creating thin film by physical sputtering. The ions created by a plasma discharge tear the atoms out of the cathode which are then deposited on the anode. The magnetic field created by permanent magnets trap the electrons near the cathode improving the process efficiency. The plasma behavior inside the magnetron is studied in direct and pulsed current as well as the appearance of self-organized structures in rotation around the magnetron axis. To study these devices, several program of numerical simulation have been developed. The Particle-In-Cell methode has been chosen because it takes into account, self-consistently, the space charge of the particules. Several techniques (null collision technique, Monte Carlo Collision, a posteriori Monte Carlo) and improvement (Non uniform mesh, third order charge projection) have been developed and implemented. Moreover, an original method, Pseudo 3D, allowing a three dimensional study of the magnetron, has been used with success. Finally, these programs have been parallelized to reduce the computation time
Sacquin-Mora, Sophie. "Fluides nanoconfinés dans des systèmes de basse symétrie : Simulations et théorie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008790.
Full textLeclerc, Willy. "Une approche numérique fiable et automatisée de l'estimation des propriétés élastiques des microstructures complexes : application aux composites renforcés en fibres courtes." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2034.
Full textThis thesis deals with setting up a fast, automated and reliable approach for evaluating homogenized properties in the framework of complex microstructures. In the present work, a "complex microstructure" refers to an inhomogeneous materiel for which heterogeneities are in contact and lead to a network which can not easily described from a geometric point of view. Such a kind of medium leads to different technical difficulties which arise when building both a representative volume element and the corresponding finite element mesh. A concept called "model with an n-order approximate geometry" is proposed to circumvent the drawbacks and reduce the computation cost. This one is based on efficient and highly reliable strategies for the grid approximation of microstructures. Validity and results are discussed in the context of random fibres and linear elasticity for 2D and 3D networks. Effective properties are estimated with the help of the double-scale homogenization and a sampling process which consists of a random draw of representative patterns. Morphological and percolation effects are also considered. The connection between mechanical reinforcement and low percolation threshold is investigated for several material configurations. Eventually, domain decomposition methods aredevelopped and used in the framework of a parallel computing which is required for properly apprehending 3D calculations. These ones are conveniently adapted for efficiently estimating homogenized properties with the help of the additional node strategy