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1
Seo, Dong Hyun, Wae Gyeong Shin, and Jong Sang No. "A Study on Fault Detection Algorithm for Motor Control Unit of Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 431 (October 2013): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.431.226.
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Algorithms for motor control unit in electric vehicles are being actively developed with consideration given to safety and reliability these days. Faults during driving are a critical problem that is directly linked to the safety of drivers, and studies on fault detection of control units in various situations are needed. This study investigated the faults of control units in a signal level interface with a dynamic model of drive motor and the real-time interconnection of motor control unit and HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation). It was found through real-time simulation that simulating the fault conditions with the sensors of motor control unit could reveal different characteristics of motor control unit. Furthermore, vehicle driving simulations with electric motor control were performed. The results of this study are expected to help the development of electric motor simulations and the evaluation of MCU and control algorithms.
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Gatta, Fabio, Alberto Geri, Stefano Lauria, and Marco Maccioni. "An Equivalent Circuit for the Evaluation of Cross-Country Fault Currents in Medium Voltage (MV) Distribution Networks." Energies 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081929.
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A Cross-Country Fault (CCF) is the simultaneous occurrence of a couple of Line-to-Ground Faults (LGFs), affecting different phases of same feeder or of two distinct ones, at different fault locations. CCFs are not uncommon in medium voltage (MV) public distribution networks operated with ungrounded or high-impedance neutral: despite the relatively small value of LGF current that is typical of such networks, CCF currents can be comparable to those that are found in Phase-To-Phase Faults, if the affected feeder(s) consists of cables. This occurs because the faulted cables’ sheaths/screens provide a continuous, relatively low-impedance metallic return path to the fault currents. An accurate evaluation is in order, since the resulting current magnitudes can overheat sheaths/screens, endangering cable joints and other plastic sheaths. Such evaluation, however, requires the modeling of the whole MV network in the phase domain, simulating cable screens and their connections to the primary and secondary substation earth electrodes by suitable computer programs, such as ATP (which is the acronym for alternative transient program) or EMTP (the acronym for electromagnetic transient program), with substantial input data being involved. This paper presents a simplified yet accurate circuit model of the faulted MV network, taking into account the CCF currents’ return path (cable sheaths/screens, ground conductors, and earthing resistances of secondary substations). The proposed CCF model can be implemented in a general-purpose simulation program, and it yields accurate fault currents estimates: for a 20 kV network case study, the comparison with accurate ATP simulations evidences mismatches mostly smaller than 2%, and never exceeding 5%.
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Mao, Xiaoming, and Junxian Chen. "A Fast Method to Compute the Dynamic Response of Induction Motor Loads Considering the Negative-Sequence Components in Stability Studies." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 12, 2019): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091802.
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This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of induction motor loads in power system stability studies considering the influence of the negative-sequence components. A practical method for computing the dynamic behavior of an induction motor under asymmetric faults is proposed and implemented in MATLAB. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through classical electromagnetic transient simulations using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Compared with the existing traditional transient stability simulations, the method increases a little computational burden yet achieves much better simulation accuracy under asymmetric faults.
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Ghafouri, Saeed, Mohammad Ali Hajiahmadi, Mehdi Firouzi, Gevork B. Gharehpetian, Saleh Mobayen, and Paweł Skruch. "Improving Transient Stability of a Synchronous Generator Using UIPC with a Unified Control Scheme." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 6072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166072.
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In this paper, the Unified Interphase Power Controller (UIPC) is utilized to protect the synchronous generator in case of faults occurring in the transmission system. The UIPC not only maintains the generator’s stability by keeping its load angle within safe operational limits but also prevents high-amplitude currents from flowing through the stator windings. This also allows for more loading on the generator without compromising the system’s stability. Moreover, utilization of the UIPC improves the LVRT capability of the generator by injecting reactive power at the faulted location. Additionally, a novel unified control scheme is proposed for the UIPC that enhances its performance by omitting the necessity of fault detection algorithms. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller and the efficacy of the UIPC in protecting the synchronous generator under the faults, simulations have been conducted in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. A test grid was developed comprising a synchronous generator, transmission line model, UIPC, and an infinite grid representing the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), and three fault scenarios have been implemented in the transmission system. The comparative analysis of simulation results demonstrates the capability and efficacy of UIPC in isolating the synchronous generator from the faulted location, which in turn not only enhances transient stability of the generator, but also protects generator windings from detrimental faults currents. Moreover, according to the results, UIPC also contributes to recovering the voltage dip of the fault location via injecting reactive power.
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Heimar Andersen, Kamilla, Sverre B. Holøs, Aileen Yang, Kari Thunshelle, Øystein Fjellheim, and Rasmus Lund Jensen. "Impact of Typical Faults Occurring in Demand-controlled Ventilation on Energy and Indoor Environment in a Nordic Climate." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017209006.
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This study evaluates typical faults occurring in demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) system and the impact on three output results: energy use, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality. The methodologies used in this study were qualitative interviews of selected Norwegian Heating Ventilation Air Condition (HVAC) system experts and numerical modeling using the building performance simulation tool IDA ICE. The faults deduced from the qualitative interviews were modeled as the fault's different consequences to account for a large variety of faults. With a Norwegian school classroom as a case study, a local approach applying a one-at-a-time (OAT) simulation was used to perform an analysis of the extreme fault conditions that can occur. The results from the fault modeling demonstrated that greater attention is needed to avoid faults in the HVAC systems due to its impact on the indoor environment quality and energy efficiency of buildings.
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Mitsuhashi, Yuta, Gaku Hashimoto, Hiroshi Okuda, and Fujio Uchiyama. "Stochastic Analysis of the Kamishiro Earthquake Considering a Dynamic Fault Rupture." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 12, no. 04 (October 2018): 1841009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431118410099.
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In recent years, a new demand has appeared for evaluations of earthquake fault displacements, to address the need to evaluate the soundness of underground structures. Fault displacements are caused by the rupturing of earthquake source faults, and are investigated through the use of methods such as the finite difference method and the finite element method (FEM). We conducted dynamic rupture simulations on the Kamishiro Fault Earthquake using a nonlinear FEM, focused on time history of fault displacement and response displacement, and demonstrated an ability to simulate observed values to a certain extent. During these simulations, we created models of homogeneous faults using the ground as the solid element and fault planes as joint elements. Although we were able to roughly simulate displacement time histories, obstacles to achieving more precise simulations still exist. In this research, we conducted investigations to model strong motion generation areas (SMGA). We conducted a searching analysis using Bayesian optimization with SMGA distribution within faults as parameters, and estimated the optimal parameters for simulating time histories of displacement. In addition, we compared our results with estimations of SMGA derived from different methods, and demonstrated that our distributions qualitatively matched. In addition, we evaluated the stochasticity of response displacement considering the randomness of the parameter of the fault. To conduct the simulation, we introduced joint elements from Goodman et al. that had been expanded to the FEM code FrontISTR, which makes it possible to analyze large-scale models.
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Rosen, C., L. Rieger, U. Jeppsson, and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Adding realism to simulated sensors and actuators." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (February 1, 2008): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.130.
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In this paper, we propose a statistical theoretical framework for incorporation of sensor and actuator faults in dynamic simulations of wastewater treatment operation. Sensor and actuator faults and failures are often neglected in simulations for control strategy development and testing, although it is well known that they represent a significant obstacle for realising control at full-scale facilities. The framework for incorporating faults and failures is based on Markov chains and displays the appealing property of easy transition of sensor and actuator history into a model for fault generation. The paper briefly describes Markov theory and how this is used together with models for sensor and actuator dynamics to achieve a realistic simulation of measurements and actuators.
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Tasic, Bratislav, Jos J. Dohmen, E. Jan W. ter Maten, Theo G.J. Beelen, Wil H.A. Schilders, Alex de Vries, and Maikel van Beurden. "Robust DC and efficient time-domain fast fault simulation." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 1161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2012-0364.
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Purpose – Imperfections in manufacturing processes may cause unwanted connections (faults) that are added to the nominal, “golden”, design of an electronic circuit. By fault simulation one simulates all situations. Normally this leads to a large list of simulations in which for each defect a steady-state (direct current (DC)) solution is determined followed by a transient simulation. The purpose of this paper is to improve the robustness and the efficiency of these simulations. Design/methodology/approach – Determining the DC solution can be very hard. For this the authors present an adaptive time-domain source stepping procedure that can deal with controlled sources. The method can easily be combined with existing pseudo-transient procedures. The method is robust and efficient. In the subsequent transient simulation the solution of a fault is compared to a golden, fault-free, solution. A strategy is developed to efficiently simulate the faulty solutions until their moment of detection. Findings – The paper fully exploits the hierarchical structure of the circuit in the simulation process to bypass parts of the circuit that appear to be unaffected by the fault. Accurate prediction and efficient solution procedures lead to fast fault simulation. Originality/value – The fast fault simulation helps to store a database with detectable deviations for each fault. If such a detectable output “matches” a result of a product that has been returned because of malfunctioning it helps to identify the subcircuit that may contain the real fault. One aims to detect as much as possible candidate faults. Because of the many options the simulations must be very efficient.
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Song, H., S. L. Hu, and W. Z. Chen. "Simulink-based simulation platform design and faults impact analysis of attitude control systems." Aeronautical Journal 126, no. 1297 (October 4, 2021): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.79.
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AbstractThe satellite attitude control system (SACS) is a complicated system. In order to reflect the relationship among different components in SACS and analyse the impact of component faults on system performance, a complete simulation platform of the SACS based on Simulink is built in this paper. With the embedding of the specific reaction flywheel, gyroscope and earth sensor model, and the design of the controller based on the quaternion feedback, the simulation platform can not only simulate the real SACS at the component level, but it can also realise the injection of component faults for analysing the system performance. Simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the simulation platform. Simulation results show that this simulation platform has the ability to accurately reflect the control performance of the SACS, and the output accuracy of the component model is high. The research results reveal that this simulation platform can provide model support for verifying the algorithm of fault diagnosis, prediction and tolerant control of the SACS. This simulation platform is easy to use and can be expanded and improved.
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KOOCHAKI, A., S. M. KOUHSARI, and G. GHANAVATI. "Transformer Internal Faults Simulation." Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering 8, no. 2 (2008): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/aece.2008.02004.
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Sawada, Masataka, Kazumoto Haba, and Muneo Hori. "Predictive Simulation for Surface Fault Occurrence Using High-Performance Computing." GeoHazards 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards3010005.
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Numerical simulations based on continuum mechanics are promising methods for the estimation of surface fault displacements. We developed a parallel finite element method program to perform such simulations and applied the program to reproduce the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, where surface rupture was observed. We constructed an analysis model of the 5 × 5 × 1 km domain, including primary and secondary faults, and inputted the slip distribution of the primary fault, which was obtained through inversion analysis and the elastic theory of dislocation. The simulated slips on the surface were in good agreement with the observations. We then conducted a predictive simulation by inputting the slip distributions of the primary fault, which were determined using a strong ground motion prediction method for an earthquake with a specified source fault. In this simulation, no surface slip was induced in the sub-faults. A large surface slip area must be established near a sub-fault to induce the occurrence of a slip on the surface.
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Poesse, Jorik W., Ludovic P. Ricard, and Allison Hortle. "Impact of faults and compartmentalisation on geological carbon storage estimates in highly faulted basins." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16237.
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Faults have extensively been studied for hydrocarbon exploration and production; however, previous studies on fault behaviour for geological carbon storage have focused on sealing capacity or reactivation potential during injection or post-injection phases. Little is known on the impact of faults for estimating storage capacity in highly faulted basins. A geological conceptual model of a representative compartment was designed to identify the key drivers of storage capacity estimates in highly faulted basins. An uncertainty quantification framework was then designed upon this model to address the impact of geological uncertainties such as fault permeability, reservoir injectivity, compartment geometry and closure on the compartment storage capacity. Pressure-limited storage capacity was estimated from numerical simulation of CO2 injection under the constraints of maximum bottom hole pressure and fault reactivation pressure. Interpretation of the simulation results highlights that (1) two injection regimes are observed: borehole- or fault-controlled, (2) storage capacity can vary more than an order of magnitude, (3) fault and reservoir permeability can be regarded as the most influential properties with respect to storage capacity, (4) compartment geometry mainly influences the injection regime controlling the storage capacity and (5) the large sensitivity of storage capacity to the type of enclosure and fault permeability indicates that pressure build-up at the fault is often the deciding factor for CO2 storage capacity.
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Matsumura, Takashi. "Special Issue on Process Simulation." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0005.
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High production rates and low costs in manufacturing process should be considered in the manufacturing design divisions. Process simulation, therefore, plays an important role in implementing high performance manufacturing. Simulation is expected to improve the manufacturing processes and the human activities without production faults and downtime of the manufacturing facilities. The production simulation has become diversified with requirements for the manufacturing processes. Then, the effective use of the simulation is also an important issue for the simulation users considering investment returns. Recently advanced materials have been applied to products with developments in material science. The machining systems have also become complicated with progress in the machine tools. Therefore, the process simulations should be developed in terms of materials and machine tools. This special issue includes 9 papers for providing innovative approaches to advanced modeling and simulations in manufacturing technologies and machine tool systems. The special issue also includes discussions in the simulation with the advanced materials for future manufacturing processes. I thank the authors for their generous cooperation and the editing staff for its many contributions.
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Kariyawasam, Sachintha, Jagannath Wijekoon, and Athula Rajapakse. "Assessment of the Performance of Phasor-Based and Transients-Based Faulted Phase Identification Techniques in the Presence of Inverter Interfaced Resources." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020640.
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Faulted phase identification is one of the segments of conventional system protection that is severely vulnerable in the presence of inverter-based resources (IBR) such as Type IV wind and solar PV power plants. The work presented in this paper investigates the effect of IBRs on the conventional phasor-based faulted phase identification methods widely implemented in contemporary commercial protection relays using theoretical analysis and simulation results. Moreover, this premise is further validated by testing commercial line protection relays using hardware-in-the-loop simulations. This paper also evaluates the applicability of recently proposed transients/incremental quantities-based techniques to overcome the deficiencies of conventional methods to correctly identify the faulted phase in systems with IBRs through real-time and control hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Comparisons with commercial relays show that transient/incremental quantities-based methods are more suitable for systems with a high penetration of IBRs.
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Dmitrzak, Marta, Pawel Kalinowski, Piotr Jasinski, and Grzegorz Jasinski. "Identification of defected sensors in an array of amperometric gas sensors." Sensor Review 42, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2021-0348.
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Purpose Amperometric gas sensors are commonly used in air quality monitoring in long-term measurements. Baseline shift of sensor responses and power failure may occur over time, which is an obstacle for reliable operation of the entire system. The purpose of this study is to check the possibility of using PCA method to detect defected samples, identify faulty sensor and correct the responses of the sensor identified as faulty. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the authors present the results obtained with six amperometric sensors. An array of sensors was exposed to sulfur dioxide at the following concentrations: 0 ppm (synthetic air), 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb and 1000 ppb. The damage simulation consisted in adding to the sensor response a value of 0.05 and 0.1 µA and replacing the responses of one of sensors with a constant value of 0 and 0.15 µA. Sensor validity index was used to identify a damaged sensor in the matrix, and its responses were corrected via iteration method. Findings The results show that the methods used in this work can be potentially applied to detect faulty sensor responses. In the case of simulation of damage by baseline shift, it was possible to achieve 100% accuracy in damage detection and identification of the damaged sensor. The method was not very successful in simulating faults by replacing the sensor response with a value of 0 µA, due to the fact that the sensors mostly gave responses close to 0 µA, as long as they did not detect SO2 concentrations below 250 ppb and the failure was treated as a correct response. Originality/value This work was inspired by methods of simulating the most common failures that occurs in amperometric gas sensors. For this purpose, simulations of the baseline shift and faults related to a power failure or a decrease in sensitivity were performed.
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Banaszak, Szymon, Konstanty Marek Gawrylczyk, and Katarzyna Trela. "Frequency Response Modelling of Transformer Windings Connected in Parallel." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061395.
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This paper describes the approach to the frequency response modelling of transformer windings consisting of coils connected in parallel. At present, computer models are intensively developed with the aim of simulating the influence of faults on the frequency response of the active part of power transformers. Frequency response analysis (FRA) is one of the standard methods used for the assessment of the mechanical condition of a transformer’s windings and core. The interpretation of the FRA results is crucial in the diagnostics of the active part of the transformer. Proper simulations of the FRA results allow the improvement and simplification of the interpretation process of the windings’ faults. Usually only serial winding wires are simulated in computer modelling and parallel wires are simplified, leading to simulation inaccuracies. In this work, a combined electromagnetic field/network method, which includes parallel connections of the coils, is proposed. The method is based on lumped RLC elements. The results of the analysis conducted by the computer model are referred to as the real transformer measurement. The modelling was also performed for the case of a winding with a fault. The results of modelling were assessed with four numerical indices used for FRA interpretation.
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Liu, Xiaoyang, Haizhou Huang, and Jiawei Xiang. "A Personalized Diagnosis Method to Detect Faults in a Bearing Based on Acceleration Sensors and an FEM Simulation Driving Support Vector Machine." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020420.
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Classification of faults in mechanical components using machine learning is a hot topic in the field of science and engineering. Generally, every real-world running mechanical system exhibits personalized vibration behaviors that can be measured with acceleration sensors. However, faulty samples of such systems are difficult to obtain. Therefore, machine learning methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NNs), etc., fail to obtain agreeable fault detection results through smart sensors. A personalized diagnosis fault method is proposed to activate the smart sensor networks using finite element method (FEM) simulations. The method includes three steps. Firstly, the cosine similarity updated FEM models with faults are constructed to obtain simulation signals (fault samples). Secondly, every simulation signal is separated into sub-signals to solve the time-domain indexes to generate the faulty training samples. Finally, the measured signals of unknown samples (testing samples) are inserted into the trained SVM to classify faults. The personalized diagnosis method is applied to detect bearing faults of a public bearing dataset. The classification accuracy ratios of six types of faults are 90% and 92.5%, 87.5% and 87.5%, 85%, and 82.5%, respectively. It confirms that the present personalized diagnosis method is effectiveness to detect faults in the absence of fault samples.
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Kadham, Mithaq A., and Thamir M. Abdul-Wahhab. "Simulation of Self-Healing in Samawa City Distribution System." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 11A (November 25, 2020): 1692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i11a.1663.
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Self-healing is the ability of a distribution system to automatically restore power after permanent faults. This paper investigates the impact of outages in the distribution network elements following the occurrence of a fault. The work aims to restore maximum available power to consumers in the affected areas, after the isolation of faulted parts, by optimal procedure of switching operations. In this work, CYMDIST software was used for the simulation and analyses of a distribution network in Samawa City. MATLAB 2017b/Simulink was used to implement self-healing, through the simulation of smart protection system that is controlled remotely by a central control unit. The results of implementing the proposed self-healing system on Samawa a New 11 kV network show a maximum power restoration with a minimum number of switching operations that have been achieved after fault isolation without violating constraints.
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Nagasawa, Hiroyuki, Takamitsu Kawahara, Kuniaki Yagi, and Naoki Hatta. "Propagation of Stacking Faults in 3C-SiC." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.282.
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To quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of stacking fault (SF) reduction methods, Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to reveal the SF distribution on a 3C–SiC (001) surface. SF density decreases with increasing epitaxial layer thickness and reducing size of the substrates. Additionally, SF density depends on interactions between adjoining SFs: annihilation of counter SF-pairs or termination of orthogonal SF-pairs. However, the SF is not entirely eliminated when growth occurs on undulant-Si or switchback epitaxy due to “spontaneous SF collimation”. The simulation shows that effective SF reduction methods, those that enhance the SF termination or annihilation, can theoretically attain the SF density on 3C–SiC (001) below 100 cm-1.
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Zeng, Xiao Hui, Yong Hui Chen, and Gong Quan Tan. "A Fault Phase Selection Method Based on Arc Voltages for High-Voltage Line Protections in Electric Power Systems." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.218.
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A fault phase selection method is proposed based on arc voltage after analysis of inadequate of fault phase selector existed in the paper. A precise fault phase selection can be achieved by using arc voltages in conjunction with phase current differences and sequence components of currents. The method proposed can solve false tripping problems in transmission line protections when single phase to ground faults occur with great reliabilities. Simulation results show that the method can identify faulted phase or phases correctly and effectively.
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Li, Yun Gong, and Jin Ping Zhang. "Comparison and Analysis of Two Auditory Models Faced to Mechanical Faults Diagnosis." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1081.
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Auditory model is a signal analysis system with simulating the mechanism of the human auditory system, and it is not only suitable for speech signal but also vibration signal for mechanical faults diagnosis. In this paper, the work of analysis and comparison for EA and ZCPA auditory model is done. The reason and characteristics of simulation mode of auditory nerve in two auditory model is illustrated. By analyzing vibration signals of different rotor faults, the performances of distinguishing different faults and stability for one kind fault for two models are compared. The results show that ZCPA model is more flexible and stable.
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Fuchikami, Nobuko, Shunya Ishioka, and Ken Kiyono. "Simulation of a Dripping Faucet." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 68, no. 4 (April 15, 1999): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.68.1185.
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Dziubiński, Mieczysław, Ewa Siemionek, Mieczysław Plich, Artur Drozd, and Krzysztof Toborek. "Simulation of automotive starter faults." Journal of KONBiN 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0036.
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Abstract The article presents a new diagnostic method of a motor starter based on the analysis of the starter’s power and the Hall effect. Using the Matlab Simulink program the wear and tear impact of the starter sleeves on power characteristics was simulated. For the analysis of the flux propagation and the distribution of magnetic induction for selected states of the wear and tear of the sleeve the QuickField program was used. Within the experimental tests, registration of the distribution of magnetic induction was conducted by the Hall sensor placed in the link slot. The model and the tests made it possible to develop diagnostic patterns within the OBD diagnostics.
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Dziubiński, Mieczysław, Ewa Siemionek, Mieczysław Plich, Artur Drozd, and Krzysztof Toborek. "Simulation of Automotive Starter Faults." Journal of KONBiN 44, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0065.
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Abstract The article presents a new diagnostic method of a motor starter based on the analysis of the starter’s power and the Hall effect. Using the Matlab Simulink program the wear and tear impact of the starter sleeves on power characteristics was simulated. For the analysis of the flux propagation and the distribution of magnetic induction for selected states of the wear and tear of the sleeve the QuickField program was used. Within the experimental tests, registration of the distribution of magnetic induction was conducted by the Hall sensor placed in the link slot. The model and the tests made it possible to develop diagnostic patterns within the OBD diagnostics.
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Langhi, Laurent, Julian Strand, and Ludovic Ricard. "Flow modelling to quantify structural control on CO2 migration and containment, CCS South West Hub, Australia." Petroleum Geoscience 27, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): petgeo2020–094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-094.
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In order to reduce uncertainties around CO2 containment for the South West Hub CCS site (Western Australia), conceptual fault hydrodynamic models were defined and numerical simulations were carried out. These simulations model worst-case scenarios with a plume reaching a main compartment-bounding fault near the proposed injection depth and at the faulted interface between the primary and secondary containment interval.The conceptual models incorporate host-rock and fault properties accounting for fault-zone lithology, cementation and cataclastic processes but with no account made for geomechanical processes as the risk of reactivation is perceived as low. Flow simulations were performed to assess cross-fault and upfault migration in the case of plume–faults interaction.Results near the injection depth suggest that the main faults are likely to experience a significant reduction in transmissivity and impede CO2 flow. This could promote the migration of CO2 vertically or along the stratigraphic dip.Results near the interface between the primary and secondary containment intervals show that none of the main faults would critically control CO2 flow nor would they act as primary leakage pathways. CO2 flow is predicted to be primarily controlled by the sedimentological morphology. The presence of baffles in the secondary containment interval is expected to be associated with local CO2 accumulations; additional permeability impacts introduced by faults are minor.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage
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Zhang, S., W. W. Milligan, and D. E. Mikkola. "Identification of partial dislocations and faults in cubic Al3Ti." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 3 (March 1994): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0553.
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Dislocation dissociations in Al3Ti alloys modified with Mn to stabilize the L12 cubic structure have been studied with transmission electron microscopy and computer simulation of images. Dissociations of a〈110〉 superdislocations into pairs of a/2〈110〉 partials bounding APB's were observed at all temperatures from room temperature to 700 °C. Asymmetrical image contrast, in which one of the a/2〈110〉 partials gives a much more intense image than the other, was observed at small separations of the partials. Although some investigators have taken such asymmetry to suggest SISF-type dissociations in similar alloys, the current work demonstrates that the asymmetry is fully consistent with APB-type dissociation. Further, the degree of image asymmetry decreases as the spacing of the partials increases. It is concluded that identification of the partial dislocations with “near-invisibility criteria” for fractional values of g · b is unreliable, and that computer simulation of images is useful for identification of the partials. However, as expected, the ability to distinguish simulated bright-field images of APB- and SISF-type dissociations also becomes difficult as the separation of the partials becomes very small. Under these conditions, both weak-beam imaging and simulations are necessary to identify the dissociations. Weak-beam simulations have shown that fringe contrast must be present under certain imaging conditions for SISF dissociations, and this contrast has never been observed in this study or in previously published studies of dissociated single superdislocations in cubic Al3Ti alloys. Finally, APB contrast formed with superlattice reflection imaging has been observed between partials on both {111} and {100} after deformation at 700 °C.
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Pujar, Vijay V., and James D. Cawley. "Computer Simulations of Diffraction Effects due to Stacking Faults in β-SiC: I, Simulation Results." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80, no. 7 (January 20, 2005): 1653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03034.x.
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Arnott, Stuart K., and John N. M. van Wunnik. "Targeting Infill Wells in the Densely Fractured Lekhwair Field, Oman." GeoArabia 1, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0103405.
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ABSTRACT The oil bearing reservoirs of the Lekhwair A-North field in Oman consist of layered low permeability chalky limestones of the Lower Shu’aiba and the Kharaib formations. These have been waterflooded since 1992 by a 200 well development project. However, the field is more faulted and fractured than was anticipated prior to full-scale development and prolific early water breakthrough occurred in many producers (~20%), due largely to direct alignment of injectors and producers along the principal orientation of faults and fractures in the field. As a consequence, the waterflood is currently being converted from a vertical inverted 9-spot well pattern to a line drive orientated parallel to the dominant orientation of faults and fractures in the field. This will result in significantly improved reservoir sweep and oil recovery. Although initially disappointing, production from the field is now well on the way to meeting original expectations. Several options were considered for implementation of the crestal pattern conversion. In heavily faulted and fractured areas, horizontal appraisal wells can aid the targeting of vertical infill wells by providing better definition of the local fracture network. Significant water-conductive features (faults) thus encountered can be targeted as natural injection planes by infill injectors, while infill producers can be better targeted with reduced risk of early water breakthrough. In relatively unfractured areas, the expense of such appraisal is not justified because the risk associated with infill drilling is small. Simple geometric pattern infill is adopted in these areas, with appropriate reference to reservoir simulation models. Significant scope for coiled tubing drilling exists for pattern infill activities, with potential cost savings. Identification of unswept reserves and improved mapping of the fault and fracture network has been achieved through extensive use of FMI/FMS logs in horizontal wells, correlation of production attributes, and production history matching using numerical simulation models.
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Mallison, Brad, Charles Sword, Thomas Viard, William Milliken, and Amy Cheng. "Unstructured Cut-Cell Grids for Modeling Complex Reservoirs." SPE Journal 19, no. 02 (January 30, 2014): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163642-pa.
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Summary Effective workflows for translating Earth models into simulation models require grids that preserve geologic accuracy, offer flexible resolution control, integrate tightly with upscaling, and can be generated easily. Corner-point grids and pillar-based unstructured grids fail to satisfy these objectives; hence, a truly 3D unstructured approach is required. This paper describes unstructured cut-cell gridding tools that address these needs and improve the integration of our overall reservoir-modeling workflows. The construction of simulation grids begins with the geologic model: a numerical representation of the reservoir structure, stratigraphy, and properties. Our gridding uses a geochronological (GeoChron) map from physical coordinates to an unfaulted and unfolded depositional coordinate system. The mapping is represented implicitly on a tetrahedral mesh that conforms to faults, and it facilitates accurate geostatistical modeling of static depositional properties. In the simplest use case, we create an explicit representation of the geologic model as an unstructured polyhedral grid. Away from faults and other discontinuities, the cells are hexahedral, highly orthogonal, and arranged in a structured manner. Geometric cutting operations create general polyhedra adjacent to faults and explicit contact polygons across faults. The conversion of implicit models to explicit grids is conceptually straightforward, but the implementation is nontrivial because of the limitations of finite precision arithmetic and the need to remove small cells formed in the cutting process. In practice, simulation grids are often constructed at coarser resolutions than Earth models. Our implementation of local grid coarsening and refinement exploits the flexibility of unstructured grids to minimize upscaling errors and to preserve critical geologic features. Because the simulation grid and the geologic model are constructed by use of the same mapping, fine cells can be nested exactly inside coarse cells. Therefore, flow-based upscaling can be applied efficiently without resampling onto temporary local grids. This paper describes algorithms and data structures for constructing, storing, and simulating cut-cell grids. Examples illustrate the accurate modeling of normal faults, y-faults, overturned layers, and complex stratigraphy. Flow results, including a field-sector model, show the suitability of cut-cell grids for simulation.
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Su, Shan, and Bing Sheng Yan. "Fault Location Algorithm of the 10kV Rural Network Based on Power Frequency Communication." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.287.
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A new fault locating model of multi-ports data of 10kV village distributed network has been constructed abased on the basic theory of liner circurt. by taking fault ports as boundaries, the faulted power system is divided into a symmetrical network without the faults and unsymmetrical networks employed to simulate the faults. In this modell, The locating of fault point is looked as an unknowed variable and it is included in the Zbus of unsymmetrical network. We can get it though solving the equation. The method does not need to modify the Zbus of original sequence network and easy implementation on computer, Using TWACS transmits the multiport data information, low cost and can achieve collapse go traffic. The simulation results of Matlab proved that the algorithm is effective.
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Song, Xin Gang, Ning Zhang, and Qiang Ma. "Research on the Simulation of Auxiliary Boiler System on Ships." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2099.
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The present thesis employs VC++ program technique and digital simulation to design and develop simulation for auxiliary boiler system on ships based on PC desktop. The thesis aims to help students to grasp the operation of auxiliary boiler system expertly in connection with the restraining factors on safety and economy existing in real teaching and training. The results of analog simulation and application show that: Simulation for auxiliary boiler system on ships is capable of simulating the operation and control process of real one; it is convenient for students to master the characteristics and grasp the common faults of auxiliary boiler system; it helps to elevate students’ level of maintenance and management so that the safety operation of machines on ships can be better secured.
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Wang, Yuan Yuan, Jin Bao Jian, Xiang Jun Zeng, and Li Hong Long. "Grounding Faulted Feeder Detection Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.989.
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Many power distribution systems have been operated with neutral ineffectively earthed, and earth fault current is no more than a few tens of amperes. Traditional earth fault detection methods based on zero sequence current has poor precision and sensitivity in this case. For improvement, a novel principle for feeder grounding fault protection based on fuzzy clustering algorithms is presented in this paper. First, the historical data are divided into two groups by fuzzy clustering algorithms. The space relative distance among detected pattern and two cluster centers is then calculated to discriminate the faulted feeder. It can detect high impedance grounding faults (HIGF). The scheme has been verified by EMTP simulation, and results show that the proposed scheme always trips all kinds of grounding faults with high sensitivity and robustness in neutral ineffectively earthed power systems (NIEPS).
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OLIVEIRA, P. M. C. DE, and T. J. P. PENNA. "LATTICE SIMULATION OF LEAKY FAUCET DYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, no. 06 (December 1994): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194001100.
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We adopt an Ising-like model in order to simulate the dynamic evolution of drops falling from a leaky faucet. The time intervals between successive drops are measured, and return maps are constructed and compared with experimental results, displaying periodic, intermittent and chaotic behaviors. The computer strategy to deal with this problem is also described. In our simulation, only a van der Waals-like attraction, the surface tension and the earth gravitational field are taken into account, besides the fluctuations allowed by the Monte Carlo dynamics. Since we succeed in reproducing most of the observed complex behavior, our results indicate that only these physical ingredients may be enough to formulate a good theoretical model for this system, under a macroscopic, continuous point of view.
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Козин, A. Kozin, Хмелев, and R. Khmelev. "SIMULATION OF FAULTS IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19306.
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The modern stage of theoretical research in the automotive industry are characterized by extensive use of mathematical models, the complexity of which is constantly who will melt. Mathematical simulation model allows to obtain an extensive statistical material on changes in the numbers of working processes, as vehicle and car "as a whole" in the event of malfunctions or failure
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Xiu, Wanjing, and Yuan Liao. "Fault Location for Transmission Lines with Voltage and Current Measurements at One Bus." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0071.
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Abstract This paper presents a novel fault location method for transmission lines. The proposed method extends an existing method to locate faults by employing voltage and current measurements at one bus, which can be the bus of the faulted line or be far away from the faulted line. The method is applicable if a loop exists that encloses the faulted line, and the bus, of which the voltage is used, and the branch, of which the current is used. The during-fault positive-sequence bus impedance matrix is derived. Then superimposed voltages and currents due to the fault are expressed as a function of fault location and related transfer and driving point impedances. Consequently, the fault location can be evaluated using the obtained measurements. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to consider the shunt capacitances of the line. The proposed method is independent of fault resistance and fault type. Simulation studies have been carried out based on a 27-bus power system, and promising results have been achieved.
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Jawad, Raad Salih, and Hafedh Abid. "Fault Detection in HVDC System with Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm Based on Artificial Neural Network." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207775.
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Various methods have been proposed to provide the protection necessitated by the high voltage direct current system. In this field, most of the research is confined to various types of DC and AC line faults and a maximum of two switching converter faults. The main contribution of this study is to use a new method for fault detection in HVDC systems, using the gray wolf optimization method along with artificial neural networks. Under this method, with the help of faulted and non-faulted signals, the features of the voltage and current signals are extracted in a much shorter period of the signal. Subsequently, differences are detected with the help of an artificial neural network. In the studied HVDC system, the behavior of the rectifier, along with its controllers and the required filters are completely modeled. In this study, other methods, such as artificial neural network, radial basis function, learning vector quantization, and self-organizing map, were tested and compared with the proposed method. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method the accuracy, sensitivity, precision, Jaccard, and F1 score were calculated and obtained as 99.00%, 99.24%, 98.74%, 98.00%, and 98.99%, respectively. Finally, according to the simulation results, it became evident that this method could be a suitable method for fault detection in HVDC systems.
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Ghosh, S. "NODIFS-simulating faults fast." IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine 10, no. 5 (1994): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/101.313461.
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Xu, Yifei, Priyesh Srivastava, Xiao Ma, Karan Kaul, and Hao Huang. "A Fast Gridding Method for Capturing Geological Complexity and Uncertainty." SPE Journal 27, no. 01 (November 16, 2021): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203902-pa.
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Summary In this paper, we introduce an efficient method to generate reservoir simulation grids and modify the fault juxtaposition on the generated grids. Both processes are based on a mapping method to displace vertices of a grid to desired locations without changing the grid topology. In the gridding process, a grid that can capture stratigraphical complexity is first generated in an unfaulted space. The vertices of the grid are then displaced back to the original faulted space to become a reservoir simulation grid. The resulting inversely mapped grid has a mapping structure that allows fast and easy fault juxtaposition modification. This feature avoids the process of updating the structural framework, which may be time-consuming. There is also no need to regenerate most of the reservoir properties in the new grid. To facilitate juxtaposition updates within an assisted history matching workflow, several parameterized fault throw adjustment methods are introduced. Grid examples are given for reservoirs with Y-faults, overturned beds, and complex channel-lobe systems. NOTE: This paper is also published as part of the 2021 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference Special Issue.
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Hu, Hui Wen, Ting Yu Chen, Sheng Yuan Wang, and Tien Yo Ho. "Fabrication of Faucet Using Hydroforming and Bending Processing." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.293.
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This research aims at the development of faucet using the techniques of hydroforming and bending. In this study, a tube made from stainless steel SUS 304 is used. Finite element model, including tube, dies and punches, are established using a commercial code LS-DYNA. Tensile test is used to obtain the material properties especially in true stress-strain curve. Piecewise linear plasticity model is used to simulate the plastic deformation of material during the forming process. The initial internal pressure is designed by using the theory of thick-walled cylinder subjecting to internal pressure only. Simulation is first used to find the optimal loading conditions for hydroforming and bending forming. Experiment is then performed to fabricate the prototype of faucets using the simulated loading parameters. The results show that good correlation of the distributed thickness and profile dimension between simulation and experiment are obtained.
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Paćko, Marek, Janusz Krawczyk, Piotr Bała, Paweł Paćko, Tomasz Śleboda, Krzysztof Muszka, Marcin Hojny, et al. "T-Shape Connector Hydroforming Process Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 994–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.994.
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The work is focused on hydroforming of T-shape connector for high temperature applications. A seamless part for use in industrial applications was formed in a high pressure liquid extrusion process. Due to the occurrence of faults in the final products, numerical simulations were conducted to reveal the possible sources of such failures. The numerical simulation took into account precisely determined boundary conditions allowing proper selection of processing parameters. The microstructure of charge material as well as that of the final product was also examined. Numerical simulations of the investigated extrusion process showed the possibility of obtaining good quality product, however, the quality of final part is strongly influenced by properly designed heat treatment schedule.
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Wu, Chaojun, Ningning Yang, Cheng Xu, Rong Jia, and Chongxin Liu. "A Novel Generalized Memristor Based on Three-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifier." Complexity 2019 (July 8, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1084312.
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Memristive characteristics in three-phase diode bridge rectifier circuit are proposed in this paper. The conduction of the diodes is discussed and the characteristics of the pinched hysteresis loop are analyzed by both numerical simulations and circuit simulations. The hysteresis loops of each phase not only are pinched at the origin but also have the other two intersection points in the first quadrant and the third quadrant when three-phase bridge rectifier circuit is running under normal operation. Other conditions are also discussed when a variety of faults conditions occur. The simulation results verify that the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit can be described as a generalized memristor element during several operation states.
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Piesciorovsky, Emilio C., and Marissa E. Morales Rodriguez. "Assessment of the Phase-to-Ground Fault Apparent Admittance Method with Phase/Ground Boundaries to Detect Types of Electrical Faults for Protective Relays Using Signature Library and Simulated Events." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1951836.
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Protective relays in electric power grids recognize the types of electrical faults in a few seconds. The most common detection method to detect the types of electrical faults is based on measuring the angle between the zero and negative sequence currents. However, it is not completely accurate because the phase-to-phase-ground and phase-to-ground electrical faults could have the same detection conditions. Therefore, engineers need to plot the events after an electrical fault to observe the nature of the incidents in detail. In this study, the phase-to-ground fault apparent (PGFA) admittance method with phase/ground boundaries identified the types of electrical faults located in distribution power lines and feeders. This method was based on measuring the PGFA admittance magnitudes for the faulted and nonfaulted phases, resulting in greater than zero and near zero, respectively. The PGFA admittance algorithm was built with MATLAB/Simulink software and tested with signature library and grid simulation events. The PGFA method with phase/ground boundaries was evaluated with the confusion matrix. The measured and predicted values matched in more than 90% of the tests, and the PGFA admittance method with phase/ground boundaries presented an accuracy of 94.3% and a precision of 100%.
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Shen, Guang, Yong Zhang, Haifeng Qiu, Chongyu Wang, Fushuan Wen, Md Salam, Liguo Weng, Bin Yu, and Jie Chen. "Fault Diagnosis with False and/or Missing Alarms in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generators." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102579.
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A comprehensive method is presented in this work to locate faults in distribution systems with distributed generators (DGs). A two-level model is developed for this purpose with both telecommunication and telemetering data employed, so as to make good use of fused information for attaining a more credible optimization solution under scenarios with alarm distortions of feeder terminal units (FTUs) or loss during communication. First, at the upper level, an analytic model is developed to search all potential faulted sections/candidates based on the telecommunication data. Then, on the lower level, a model is presented using the telemetering data to identify the most likely fault location from the candidates provided by the upper model. The essential features of the two-level diagnosis model are demonstrated through a number of case studies. Simulation results have shown that the proposed approach is capable of not only locating the faulted section(s) in a distribution system with DGs but also identifying false and/or missing alarms.
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Chen, Haoran, Xin Lin, Guanhua Li, Jianyuan Xu, Hui Li, and Shuai Wang. "Experimental Research and Numerical Simulation of Single Soil-Arc-Grounding-Fault in Distribution Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (November 5, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1875068.
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Among the distribution network faults, single-phase grounding faults have the greatest probability. The faults are often accompanied by arcs in the grounding point soil. This type of fault current has a small amplitude and seldom can obtain field record data. A soil arc grounding fault is tested on a realistic-distribution-network-experimental-platform (RDNEP), and it is concluded that the soil-arc-grounding-fault (SAGF) has three main characteristics: hysteresis, nonlinearity, and asymmetry. By comparing with the characteristics of common arc models, it is pointed out that common arc models cannot accurately fit the characteristics of SAGF. This paper proposes and establishes a double exponential function arc model. Through the comparison of simulation waveforms with experimental data, it is verified that the numerical simulation method proposed in this paper can simulate the development process of SAGF more accurately. Furthermore, the equivalence of RDNEP is verified on the real distribution network system (RDNS). On this basis, analyzed the arc characteristic changes of different SAGF development cycles. Finally, by studying the applicability of the proposed model in simulating ground faults in grass and gravel roads, it is verified that the model proposed in this paper has a strong generalization capability. The research has laid a theoretical foundation for a detection algorithm that is based on the characteristics of SAGF.
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Korkealaakso, Pasi, Asko Rouvinen, and Aki Mikkola. "Multibody Approach for Model-Based Fault Detection of a Reel." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 1, no. 2 (October 21, 2005): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2162865.
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In order to improve the recognition of faulty situations, model-based fault detection can be used together with signal processing methods. In this study, faults and abnormalities of a reel are studied by employing the multibody simulation approach. The reel under consideration consists of a number of subsystems, including hydraulics, electrical drives, and mechanical parts. These subsystems are coupled by joints, friction forces, and contact forces. Using the multibody simulation approach, the complete model of the reel can be obtained by coupling different subsystems together. Three well-known multibody formulations, a method of Lagrange multipliers, an Augmented Lagrangian method, and a method based on projection matrix R, are briefly described and compared in order to find out the most efficient method for simulating the studied reel. Although this study is focused on the simulation of fault scenarios, the introduced multibody simulation approach can be utilized in real-time simulation. This makes it possible to apply the model to an existing reel.
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Ramu, Senthil Kumar, Gerald Christopher Raj Irudayaraj, Gunapriya Devarajan, V. Indragandhi, V. Subramaniyaswamy, and J. Sam Alaric. "Diagnosis of Broken Bars in V/F Control Induction Motor Drive Using Wavelets and EEV Estimation for Electric Vehicle Applications." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9474640.
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The induction motor (IM) defect diagnosis has been an important field of research in recent years. The development in control circuits for IM has piqued the interest of industrialists and researchers. This paper presents a method for detecting and quantifying broken rotor bar (BRB) faults via wavelets and energy Eigen value (EEV) estimation in voltage/frequency control-fed IM. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) extracts the signal’s amplitude and frequency components, while the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) decomposes it. In this paper, the energy estimation for each level of breakdown and the method to overcome the diagnose faults are explained. The EEV of the motor current of the signal determines the fault’s severity and provides a better method for identifying the faults. The usage of a single current sensor is a gain of this technology. With a fluctuating load, we can identify the issue and the number of broken bars via online. After processing of DWT, the faulty BRB’s stator current signal is suppressed to 91% in amplitude when compared to existing techniques. Simulation and experimental results have proved that the proposed method’s stability, durability, and resilience.
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Pei, Feng Lai, Zhuang Yun Li, and Su Zhou. "A Study on PEMFC Faults Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.770.
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The study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) faults mechanism and diagnosis can afford theoretical and technical supports for the future mass production and applications of PEMFC stacks and systems, which need modularization and high reliability. Most of the existing fault diagnosis methodologies, such as Cell Voltage Monitoring (CVM) method, require the knowledge of numerous parameters which may lead to a special inner parameter monitoring setup. The corresponding devices increase the cost and are not suitable for stack modularization and system application. In this paper, a simple and low-cost PEMFC faults diagnosis method using discrete wavelet transform is described. The method only uses the stack information for signal feature extraction. After that, by faults identification and classification, several typical faults including temperature fault, inlet flow inefficiently supplying fault and membrane dehydration fault have been distinguished. A semi-empirical distributed parameter stack model is employed for simulating typical faults that may occur. The simulation results demonstrate that the application of wavelet theory to PEMFC diagnosis is feasible, reliable and promising.
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Morales, John, Eduardo Muñoz, Eduardo Orduña, and Gina Idarraga-Ospina. "A Novel Approach to Arcing Faults Characterization Using Multivariable Analysis and Support Vector Machine." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112126.
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Based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard C37.104-2012 Power Systems Relaying Committee report, topics related to auto-reclosing in transmission lines have been considered as an imperative benefit for electric power systems. An important issue in reclosing, when performed correctly, is identifying the fault type, i.e., permanent or temporary, which keeps the faulted transmission line in service as long as possible. In this paper, a multivariable analysis was used to classify signals as permanent and temporary faults. Thus, by using a simple convolution process among the mother functions called eigenvectors and the fault signals from a single end, a dimensionality reduction was determined. In this manner, the feature classifier based on the support vector machine was used for acceptably classifying fault types. The algorithm was tested in different fault scenarios that considered several distances along the transmission line and representation of first and second arcs simulated in the alternative transients program ATP software. Therefore, the main contribution of the analysis performed in this paper is to propose a novel algorithm to discriminate permanent and temporary faults based on the behavior of the faulted phase voltage after single-phase opening of the circuit breakers. Several simulations let the authors conclude that the proposed algorithm is effective and reliable.
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Singh, Jagatjot, and Sumit Sharma. "Fault detection technique for test cases in software engineering." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.7870.
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The processing of software and performing various operations on it is known as a software engineering process. The application of test cases for detecting the faults within the software is done through the testing process. There are various types of faults that occur within a software or test case which are to be identified and preventive approaches are to be applied to prevent them. In this paper, the Learn-to-rank algorithm is utilized which helps in detecting the faults from the software. The Back-Propagation technique is included with the LRA approach for enhancing its performance and improving the detection of fault rate. 10 test cases of different types are used for running various experiments and the MATLAB tool is utilized for performing various simulations. It is seen through the various simulation results that the fault detection rate is increased as well as the execution time is minimized with the help of this approach.
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Zheng, Tian Wen, Jian Wen Yang, Xian Yong Xiao, and Ying Wang. "Fault Location in Distribution Systems Considering the Non-Liner Profile Characteristic of Voltage Sag on the Bus." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 1088–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.1088.
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The bus will experience different voltage sag when fault occurs at different location. Based on the non-liner profile characteristic of voltage sag measured at the bus, the paper proposes a new fault location method. Firstly, it obtains the analytical expression of each section based on the relationship between voltage sag and fault location. Then calculate the fault distance using chord secant method and identify the faulted section through the minimal deviation of fault distance. The combined two results of fault distance and faulted section make fault location accurately. It overcomes the difficulty of radial power distribution systems fault location. Through simulating for the IEEE 13 node test feeder with different faults, including various fault resistance, loading variation and the connected distributed generation, it proves the method’s accuracy and effectiveness.