Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulation des aliments'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 41 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Simulation des aliments.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Jenkinson, William. "Simulation de la mécanique mésoscopique des aliments par méthodes de particules lagrangiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB047.
Full textThe role of mesoscopic mechanics in food processing and design is not well understood, particularly for oral processing and texture perception. Despite the recognized importance of soft matter, the food science community has struggled to bridge the gap between micro-, meso-, and macro-scale behaviours using simulations. This thesis addresses this challenge by focusing on mechanical simulations, excluding thermal, chemical and physicochemical effects, to explore food behaviour at the mesoscopic scale. We have developed a simulation framework within the LAMMPS environment, combining smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) implementations for liquids and elastic solids. We validated the framework across scenarios such as Couette flow and deformation of granules in a flow. The results show the framework's effectiveness in capturing food structure dynamics and interactions with cilia and papillae and offer new insights into texture perception and hydrodynamics. The study also highlights how granule elasticity and volume fraction impact flow properties and their eventual role in texture perception. This work focuses on mechanics while deliberately remaining flexible enough to integrate mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological processes in future food science models. Proposed future research includes strategies to integrate more physics and scales and efforts to improve the accessibility of simulation tools for engineers, advancing practical applications in food science
Laguerre, Jean-Claude. "Modélisation du séchage en conditions variables : application de l'analyse compartimentale pour la simulation des régimes transitoires." École nationale supérieure des industries agricoles et alimentaires (Massy, Essonne), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EIAAA001.
Full textLoubens, Clément de. "Compréhension et modélisation des phénomènes physiques régissant la libération des stimuli orosensoriels." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/05/01/PDF/these_loubens_vf.pdf.
Full textUnderstanding and modeling phenomena governing stimuli release during food consumption make it possible to respect both nutritional and sensorial criteria during its formulation. A model of salt release during the course of mastication was developed for “solid” products. The breakdown was comprehended by the generation of the area of contact between the product and the saliva that governs the transfers of stimuli. The area of contact was written as the product of two functions. The first was related to the subject and was function of his masticatory performance. The second was related to the product and depended on its breakdown behavior that can be determined by in vitro tests. During the pharyngeal stage, the biomechanics of swallowing governs pharyngeal mucosa coating and aroma compounds present in this layer. These phenomena are due to a thin film flow, stationary in a soft elastohydrodynamic contact whose the kinematics is equivalent to a forward roll coating process lubricated by saliva. Two sets of conditions were distinguished. When the saliva film is thin, food bolus viscosity has a strong impact on mucosa coating and on flavour release. When the saliva film is thick, the food bolus coating the mucosa is very diluted by saliva during the swallowing process and the impact of product viscosity on flavour release is weak. This second set of condition allowed us to explain the physical origin of in vivo observations on flavour release
Lezervant, Jérôme. "Activation des phénomènes de migration dans les emballages : application à la sécurité alimentaire des aliments emballés." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000558.pdf.
Full textThe EU directive 1935/2004/CE compels the traceability of contaminants originating from food contact materials. Stakeholders must verify possibly with simulation that desorbed substances from packaging materials do not exceed specific migration limits. No general model exist to predict diffusion coefficients, D, ands their activation energies, Ea, in thermoplastics. This work studies the molecular transport mechanisms of additives-type molecules (MAT) in polyolefins, and the responsability of entropic trapping for the high spread of D and Ea values. The analysis rely on experimental data (D, Ea), which were available before this study, and on data collected during this study (activation volumes, Va), as well as on simulations of molecular mechanics and non-equilibrium dynamics. Scaling laws of type D proportional to the molecular mass with a power α>1,8 and simulations confirm that the geometrical confinement between polymer segments is the factor which limits the diffusion. The translation process of MAT occurs by successive reorientations of a fraction of their length along the direction of minimum section. Ramifications and symmetry decrease the diffusion process. The description of diffusion of MAT as random walks between macro-states was used to propose molecular descriptors to classify and predict D values in polyolefins. With a probabilistic framework, the proposed method based on decision trees generates likely or overestimates of D values. A microscopic method of local measurement of D and Ea values has also been developed to consider the semi-crystalline state of polyolefins at ambient temperature
Mouawad, Charbel Desobry Stéphane. "Transfert de matière dans un système solide/liquide "ions/eau/pectine" interactions, partage ionique et simulation par dynamique moléculaire /." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_MOUAWAD_C.pdf.
Full textMirade, Pierre-Sylvain. "Contribution à l'amélioration des procédés de traitement des solides par l'air grâce à la description et à la simulation de l'aéraulique ; application au refroidissement et au séchage des viandes." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2268.
Full textGuérin, Romuald. "Estimation des hétérogénéités de traitement lors de la cuisson de fluides alimentaires polyphasiques en cuves mécaniquement agitées." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10166.
Full textIn this work, a system that allows obtaining dynamic images of temperature fields from a set of 19 electrical property measurements of the agitated fluid via a number of electrodes which are mounted non-intrusively on the vessel boundary has been developped. Using this system, it was shown the existence of thermal gradients within the vessel. In the same time, the developed tool permits to appreciate structural heterogeneity of texturing foods during cooking from a detection algorithm based on the log-likelihood ratio and applied on the first derivative of the delivered electrical signal. Experimental studies were performed with model fluids, simulating the behavior of real food fluids. That was necessary in order to be freed from the seasonal variations of real foods and to be able to discuss the physical phenomena observed during cooking of such fluids
Banoune, Sid-Ali. "Contribution de l'approche combinée simulation-système expert à la prévention et au diagnostic de pannes : application au système de réfrigération dans le secteur agro-alimentaire." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0672.
Full textMovahedkhah, Mahdi. "Proposition d'un modèle de dynamique des systèmes pour la simulation de l'évolution des indicateurs de performance des industries alimentaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0971.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to put forward an original structuring of an Interactive Decision Support System (IDSS) applied to the management control of the production system in food industries. A study of the food industry was carried out using a systemic approach that makes reference to a multi-criteria vision of the performance suggested by Kaplan and Norton in their balanced scorecard. With this empirical approach, a representation of the causality relations between various industrial performance indicators was proposed, thus formalising a global influence diagram corresponding to the structural base of the suggested system dynamics generic model. It is within this theoretical framework and the particular field of application that we chose and proposed a continuous simulation model which, from initial values of performance indicators, is able to simulate the possible evolutions in the behaviour of these particular production systems, and consequently, evolutions of these same indicators. This IDSS will allow to forecast the evolution of performance indicators while being based on their causal and dynamic interdependence, thus being different from the traditional forecast methods based on past chronological series
Petit, Olivia. "Le plaisir et la santé dans la consommation alimentaire : activité cérébrale, motivation et simulation sensorielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1036.
Full textSelf-regulation is an essential resource for not succumbing to (junk) food. It requires willpower and control of emotions and sensations. However, individuals operate in an environment enhancing food pleasure where health informations are few and poorly considered, causing difficulties in self-regulation. These difficulties are found especially in overweight people and/or dieter. We hypothesized that value the taste of healthy foods could help people to self-regulate and we conducted two experiments to test it. In the first study, messages highlighting the pleasure of eating fruits and vegetables are more persuasive to subjects taking risks to health. Similarly, in the second study in decision making, focusing on the tatste of these foods increases more healthy food choices for these subjects. By using neuroimaging, we have shown brain activity distinctions between these subjects when choosing healthy food in this condition. Choosing healthy food is more impulsive for the most sensitive to reward subjects, approaching the choice of junk foods. Instead, it appears more reflective for subjects with a high BMI and choosing more junk foods, facilitating self-regulation. At the theoretical level this research highlights the positive role of emotions and sensations related to pleasure in self-regulation. At the managerial level, it suggests the importance of adapting strategies to the target audience in order to efficiently healthy food consumption
Guitton, Erwan. "Caractérisation mécanique multiaxiale de matériaux polymères, application à un PHA utilisé pour des structures d'emballages alimentaires." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS352/document.
Full textThis study deals with the mechanical properties characterization of polymers. One of the studied polymers is part of a biodegradable and biobased family of materials: the PolyHydroxyAlkanoates (PHAs). In order to study its behavior, an original setup has been designed to perform tests with multiaxial loadings on a unique cylindric specimen. It allows to carry out multiple cycles of loadings mixing tensile, compression and torsion. The goal is to be able to perform complex deformation paths with changes in the deformation direction and cycles in a single test. These possibilities allows to scan the deviatoric subspace of deformations with the consideration of the loading history. Many tests has been carried out on the PHA polymer at different temperatures to develop a database used for the identification of a Hyperelasto-Visco-Hysteresis constitutive model. The methodology identification of the mechanical parameters is simple enough to be extend at a large variety of polymers. This identification points out the model weaknesses and qualities. For the studied PHA, the experimental data shows the viscous contribution insufficiency in the constitutive model, unlike previous studies using uniaxial classical tests. Nevertheless, the HVH model gives precise predictions for hyperelastic and non-viscous hysteresis components in the range of [0-100]°C. The constitutive law has been developed in order to check the strength of structures behavior in static and dynamic in the field of food packaging in PHA
Mouawad, Charbel. "Transfert de matière dans un système solide/liquide "ions/eau/pectine" : interactions, partage ionique et simulation par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL072N/document.
Full textLes transferts de matière intervenant au cours du procédé d’immersion dépendent essentiellement de la taille des produits immergés, la température, la concentration et la nature de la solution d'immersion. L’objectif principal de ce travail porte sur l’étude des transferts dans un système solide/liquide constitué d’un produit végétal (aubergine) et d’une solution saline. Afin de parvenir à une bonne maîtrise de ces paramètres, les études cinétiques ont été conduites à 3°C sur des aubergines immergées dans des solutions salines avec deux concentrations. Les propriétés des solutions et des sels telles que la concentration molaire, la masse molaire et surtout la nature ionique influencent le mécanisme de perte et de gain. Les connaissances sur les interactions ions/pectines végétaux sont importants pour la formulation de nouveaux produits La détermination du coefficient de partage des ions à l’équilibre dans le système aubergine/solution ont montré que les principales propriétés des ions et des solutions influençant le coefficient de partage sont le rayon ionique, l’électronégativité, la force ionique et la concentration molaire. Un modèle mathématique a permis de prédire le coefficient de partage des ions dans ce système. Dans le but d’expliquer l’absorption des ions par la phase solide, une simulation par dynamique moléculaire a été menée sur un système pectine-eau-sels. Quatre systèmes ont été utilisés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la nature ionique influencent la nature et le nombre d’interaction entre pectine-ion et eau-ion et donc offrent une description explicite des phénomènes de transferts et distribution des ions dans le système solide/liquide
Petit, Olivia. "Le plaisir et la santé dans la consommation alimentaire : activité cérébrale, motivation et simulation sensorielle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1036/document.
Full textSelf-regulation is an essential resource for not succumbing to (junk) food. It requires willpower and control of emotions and sensations. However, individuals operate in an environment enhancing food pleasure where health informations are few and poorly considered, causing difficulties in self-regulation. These difficulties are found especially in overweight people and/or dieter. We hypothesized that value the taste of healthy foods could help people to self-regulate and we conducted two experiments to test it. In the first study, messages highlighting the pleasure of eating fruits and vegetables are more persuasive to subjects taking risks to health. Similarly, in the second study in decision making, focusing on the tatste of these foods increases more healthy food choices for these subjects. By using neuroimaging, we have shown brain activity distinctions between these subjects when choosing healthy food in this condition. Choosing healthy food is more impulsive for the most sensitive to reward subjects, approaching the choice of junk foods. Instead, it appears more reflective for subjects with a high BMI and choosing more junk foods, facilitating self-regulation. At the theoretical level this research highlights the positive role of emotions and sensations related to pleasure in self-regulation. At the managerial level, it suggests the importance of adapting strategies to the target audience in order to efficiently healthy food consumption
Alcesilas, Romain. "Capteurs télé-alimentés et interrogeables à distance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT007.
Full textIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in sensors that can operate in harsh environments (high temperature/pressure, difficult to access, etc.), fueled by military or industrial applications such as cleanroom instruments or aeronautics. Such devices need to operate wirelessly and without a CMOS circuit or battery, severely limiting the technological choices for their implementation. This work presents the study and implementation of novel passive wireless sensors based on the strong interaction between a micro-electromechanical sensor (MEMS) and a miniature antenna. They combine a long reading distance (up to dozens of meters), a large sensitivity thanks to the MEMS technology and the compactness of miniature antennas, all while being specially adapted to high temperatures.The thesis is centered on the design, manufacturing and characterization of wireless pressure sensors comprising a capacitive MEMS and a planar miniature antenna. A specific co-design method has been developed in order to optimize the performance of the devices. The sensors have been manufactured in the cleanroom of CEA-Leti using a CMUT-like technology, and they have been tested in an anechoic chamber. Several interrogation methods have been developed and compared experimentally (frequency/back-propagated power), showing a sensitivity of 3 MHz/bar or 9%/bar of back-propagated power, with a maximal achievable resolution of 3.12 mbar at 3 meters. Furthermore, a new interrogation method based on the mechanical resonance of MEMS is presented. It avoids physical limitations of current passive wireless sensors, targeting real-life environments where electromagnetic clutter can be important. An analytical model considering the dynamics of the MEMS, antenna and propagation has been developed and numerically validated. Finally, a first demonstrator of this technology has been performed with wired RF excitation of the MEMS.In conclusion, this work sets a strong theoretical basis for the design of MEMS-based electromagnetic sensors. A first demonstrator has been developed showing state-of-the-art performances in laboratory conditions, and several paths of improvement have been identified, both in terms of design and interrogation methods
Lambert, Charlène. "Simulation et optimisation énergétique de procédés agroalimentaires dans un logiciel de génie chimique. Modélisation du séchage convectif d'aliments solides et application à une sucrerie de betteraves." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA004.
Full textTo face recent European regulations, the food industry has a critical need for IT tools to simulate their entire factory to reconcile industrial data and optimize energy consumption. Such software exist in the field of chemical engineering. They are limited to mixtures of gases and liquids whose thermo-physical properties can be correctly predicted by thermodynamic models. To date, no commercial software is able to simulate most food unit operations and calculate the required thermophysical properties of foods, especially solid foods. A first part of this Ph.D. is dedicated to the development of a model of hot air drying of solid food. This model is being added to the ProSimPlus® unit operation module database. It has been validated in the laboratory scale for the drying of 4 products of different compositions and geometries. Its simulation time is significantly higher than the one of the other modules of ProSimPlus®. To overcome this issue, an innovative method of drying model reduction has been developed. To facilitate the characterization work of a new product, a new and rapid method for identifying the apparent diffusivity of water by a reverse approach was also developed. A second part of this PhD focuses on the simulation and energy optimization of a sugar beet factory, in collaboration with V.E.R.I. All the unit operations of the factory were modeled with ProSimPlus® using only modules of -food non-specific- unit operations. Data reconciliation has been performed and deviation between simulated and industrial data were below 1 %. Energy optimization of the sugar factory was performed by combining thermal and exergy analyses. In this study, technical solutions were proposed to significantly reduce the total irreversibility, the cold utility requirement and the mass flow-rate of high pressure steam supplying the factory
Viné, Thibaut. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des transferts de matière et d’énergie lors des opérations culinaires de cuisson par contact." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB015.
Full textCooking is one of the most common food processing operations at both domestic and industrial scale. Among the many cooking methods, contact cooking has received very little attention in the literature, particularly with regard to the transfers of mass and energy within the food and between the food and its environment. This is mostly due to the metrological and theoretical difficulties involved in the study of contact heat transfer in food processes. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding and prediction of mass and energy transfers during contact cooking and to provide new tools (especially numerical ones) to better dimension and monitor this operation. To achieve this objective, an approach combining experimental study and modelling of transfer phenomena has been achieved. An instrumented cooking device was designed in order to carry out a large experimental campaign aimed at studying the impact of several heating conditions on the cooking of three products: potato, pancake and omelet. The results enabled the development and validation of several models capable of accurately predicting the temperature rises and water losses of these products during cooking. These models are generic enough to be easily adaptable from one product to another and transposable to different contact cooking processes
Fayet, Pierre. "Modélisation des réseaux électriques ferroviaires alimentés en courant alternatif." Phd thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479836/en/.
Full textBarbier, Gérald. "Alternateur à double excitation alimentée par des convertisseurs statiques : simulation et expérimentation." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2073.
Full textThe quality of an electrical supply network imposes the maintenance of stability during disturbed operations. The consumption of the reactive power created by the lines, during hollow of load is a factor of instability, all the more important that the lines are longer. A generator provided with a second inductor winding shifted in space, makes it possible to absorb an important reactive power all while maintaining stability. Studies showed that this solution was viable, for networks of which the lengths of lines are consequent, like the network in Russia. Since the beginning of the Eighties, the Soviet ex-Union was interested in operation of this generator called double excitation. Prototypes were built in the power station of Burchtinskaya. A collaboration between Russia and France, made it possible to improve the mode of control. Work of this memory is associated with this collaboration. The author gives the description of the test bench at a reduced scale, of a group of production of electrical energy using a generator with double excitation connected through a line to a powerful network. IGBT converters of chopper type, reversible in current and voltage feed the field circuits. The test bench is instrumented and controls are managed in real time by means of Dspace associated with Matlab/Simulink. The theoretical and real diagrams of control are presented. Inputs and outputs must be filtered and the author makes also a practical comparison between two modes of piloting the converters. Parallel to this experimentation, a theoretical study by simulation on the Saber software is made, in order to study the behaviour of the system described previously and thus to simulate the total test bench including bridges with IGBT. This requires a setting in equation of the application and a transcription compatible with the Saber software. Simulation allows a validation of the running of the double excitation generator in consumption or supply of reactive power. It must be noticed the difficulty of identification of the parameters of the machine. The study has been carried out in per unit values to allow a generalisation. An experimental study traduces in the active and reactive powers plan, the evolution of the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) following a three-phased short circuit, in order to determine the performances of the generator and its control. The first conclusions show a very clear improvement of stability compared to a classical synchronous machine
Hadj-Mahersi, Mohamed. "Simulation de commande de vitesse d'une machine synchrone autopilotée alimentée en courant." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5616/1/000577608.pdf.
Full textSiles, Alexandre. "Analyse et simulation des surtensions aux bornes du moteur asynchrone alimenté par des longs câbles." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/371/1/SILES_Alexandre.pdf.
Full textAtzingen, Gustavo Voltani von. "Desenvolvimento de um equipamento para captação do efeito corona em alimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-19042013-083215/.
Full textThis study aimed to develop a device capable of generating and acquiring the corona effect on food automatically and instantaneously. In order to make it possible, a high voltage and high frequency generator was developed, with a system with electrodes and digital camera controlled by a software that receives and handles incoming data from a digital camera. To test de system, experiments where made with fruits (apples, lemons, plums, grapes and pears) and the results where compared to a standard system and with computational simulation made with Genetic Algorithm and Finite Elements and it was conclude that the system is able to acquire images that contain information on the physical-chemical proprieties of the material.
ROSA, FAENA M. L. "Simulação numérica da migração de elementos metálicos e do monômero e-caprolactama de embalagens poliméricas irradiadas para simulantes de alimentos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11653.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Siles, Alexandre. "Analyse et simulation des surtensions aux bornes du moteur asynchrone alimenté par des longs câbles /." Thèse, Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/etsmtl/fullcit?pMR11538.
Full text"Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence partielle à l'obtention de la maîtrise en génie électrique." Bibliogr.: f. [104]. Également disponible en version électronique.
Nascimento, Nayra Reis do. "Análise termodinâmica e otimização de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção para conservação de alimentos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266783.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T13:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_NayraReisdo_M.pdf: 1429168 bytes, checksum: 30227a0f4015b5e13ac57c8d1cbb2396 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Sistemas de refrigeração têm diversas aplicações, como por exemplo: proporcionar conforto térmico através da climatização de ambientes; gerar utilidades frias para aplicações em processos industriais; conservação de alimentos, bebidas e produtos farmacêuticos, entre outros. Sistemas de refrigeração por absorção podem ser aplicados para obter níveis de refrigeração menor, utilizando fontes alternativas de energia, como por exemplo, a energia solar. Essa tecnologia pode ser implantada em regiões onde não há energia elétrica, como é o caso de boa parte do Estado do Amazonas. No entanto, nessa região, há um alto potencial de energia solar, pois é cortada pela Linha do Equador. Nesse trabalho, um ciclo de refrigeração por absorção capaz de ser acionado por energia solar, utilizando como fluidos refrigerante-absorvente NH3/H2O, R134a/DMF, (R134a+R32+R23)/DMF e (R134a+R32)/DMF, foi estudado visando sua aplicação para a conservação de alimentos de pequenas comunidades do Estado do Amazonas. Os ciclos foram simulados utilizando o simulador de processos Aspen Hysys®, versão 7.2. Uma vez validadas as simulações, foi realizada uma análise termodinâmica das principais variáveis operacionais (temperatura do gerador e do evaporador e pressão da região de baixa pressão) e em seguida, utilizando a ferramenta Optimizer do simulador, foi realizada a otimização dos ciclos visando a maximização do coeficiente de desempenho (COP) dos mesmos, obtendo-se uma melhoria em torno de 8 % para o sistema NH3/H2O. Para o sistema R134a/DMF, O COP aumentou 25 %. Os sistemas simulados mostraram-se adequados para usar como fonte de calor no gerador, a energia solar, aproveitando assim a alta incidência que ocorre no local proposto para sua aplicação
Abstract: Refrigeration systems have a lot of applications, like: thermal comfort for environmental acclimatization; generation of cold utilities used in industrial processes; food, beverage and pharmaceutical products preservation, and many others. Absorption refrigeration systems may be used to obtain refrigeration at low levels, using energy alternative sources, as solar energy for example. This technology may be implemented in places where there is no electric energy available, like is the case of a great part of Amazonas State. In this region, there is a high availability of solar energy, since it is situated at Equator Line. In this work, absorption refrigeration cycles, which can use solar energy as primary energy source, using the following pairs refrigerant-absorbent NH3/H2O, R134a/DMF, (R134a+R32+R23)/DMF e (R134a+R32)/DMF were studied, aiming its application for food preservation in small communities at Amazonas State. The cycles were simulated using a commercial process simulator, Aspen Hysys®, version 7.2. Once the simulations performed were validated using literature data, a thermodynamic analysis of the main operational variables of the cycle was done. These variables are: generator and evaporator outlet temperature and pressure at low pressure side of the cycle and then, using the Optimizer tool of the simulator, the optimization of the cycle was performed using as objective function the maximization of the coefficient of performance (COP). An improvement of 8% for the system NH3/H2O was achieved. For the system R134a/DMF, an increase of 25% for the COP was observed. Simulated systems are adequate to use solar energy as heat source in the generator, using the great potential of the region proposed for their application
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
TERRIEN, FRANCK. "Commande d'une machine synchrone double etoile, alimentee par des onduleurs mli modelisation, simulation et prototype experimental." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2106.
Full textAnvari, Hossein-Ali. "Caractérisation des machines synchrones saturées et alimentées par convertisseurs statiques : modélisation et simulation : effet croisé de saturation." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT051H.
Full textBenze, Rafael Viana. "Modelagem matemática do processo térmico contínuo de alimentos líquidos em trocadores de calor a placas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-27122013-113320/.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model in a plate pasteurizer in order to determine the temperature and lethality distribution along the channels of the heat exchanger in all its sections, in tubular connections and holding tube evaluating the logarithmic decay in concentration of a target microorganism or enzyme activity in a continuous pasteurization process. Mathematical modeling was composed of the differential energy balance and lethality in the channels of the exchanger, the holding tube and its connections, taking into account the heat loss to the environment in the tubes. The constructed model presented a set of ordinary differential equations of first order and its resolution was made by the finite difference method using the gPROMS software. A case study was analyzed and the modeling described the thermal and the lethality process very well and in the future it can be used to optimize the process of pasteurization in plate heat exchangers, aiming the achievement of safe and with high quality products. A verification of the pasteurization process that the model developed contemplates has been performed based on experimental validation using time-temperature integrator and testing with enzymatic indicator (alkaline phosphatase in phosphate buffer), which showed that the model developed satisfactorily approximates the actual results.
Chaussonnet, Geoffroy. "Modélisation des phénomènes de film liquide et d'atomisation pour la Simulation aux Grandes Échelles de brûleurs aéronautiques alimentés par atomiseurs "airblast"." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01006179.
Full textHébert, Bernard J. "Étude par simulation d'un système de positionnement par une machine synchrone à aimants permanents alimentée par courants imposés." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5618/1/000577610.pdf.
Full textRostirolla, Gustavo. "Ordonnancement dans un centre de calculs alimenté par des sources d'énergie renouvelables sans connexion au réseau avec une charge de travail mixte basée sur des phases." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30160.
Full textDue to the increase of cloud, web-services and high performance computing demands all over the world, datacenters are now known to be one of the biggest actors when talking about energy consumption. In 2006 alone, datacenters were responsible for consuming 61.4 billion kWh in the United States. When looking at the global scenario, datacenters are currently consuming more energy than the entire United Kingdom, representing about 1.3\% of world's electricity consumption, and being even called the factories of the digital age. Supplying datacenters with clean-to-use renewable energy is therefore essential to help mitigate climate change. The vast majority of cloud provider companies that claim to use green energy supply on their datacenters consider the classical grid, and deploy the solar panels/wind turbines somewhere else and sell the energy to electricity companies, which incurs in energy losses when the electricity travels throughout the grid. Even though several efforts have been conducted at the computing level in datacenters partially powered by renewable energy sources, the scheduling considering on site renewable energy sources and its variations, without connection to the grid can still be widely explored. Since energy efficiency in datacenters is directly related to the resource consumption of the computing nodes, performance optimization and an efficient load scheduling are essential for energy saving. Today, we observe the use of cloud computing as the basis of datacenters, either in a public or private fashion. The main particularity of our approach is that we consider a power envelope composed only by renewable energy as a constraint, hence with a variable amount of power available at each moment. The scheduling under this kind of constraint becomes more complex: without further checks, we are not ensured that a running task will run until completion. We start by addressing the IT load scheduling of batch tasks, which are characterized by their release time, due date and resource demand, in a cloud datacenter while respecting the aforementioned power envelope. The data utilized for the batch tasks comes from datacenter traces, containing CPU, memory and network values. The power envelopes considered, represent an estimation which would be provided by a power decision module and is the expected power production based on weather forecasts. The aim is to maximize the Quality of Service with a variable constraint on electrical power. Furthermore, we explore a workload composed by batch and services, where the resources consumption varies over time. The traces utilized for the service tasks originate from business critical datacenter. In this case we rely on the concept of phases, where each significant resource change in the resources consumption constitutes a new phase of the given task. In this task model phases could also receive less resources than requested. The reduction of resources can impact the QoS and consequently the datacenter profit. In this approach we also include the concept of cross-correlation to evaluate where to place a task under a power curve, and what is the best node to place tasks together (i.e. sharing resources). Finally, considering the previous workload of batch tasks and services, we present an approach towards handling unexpected events in the datacenter. More specifically we focus on IT related events such as tasks arriving at any given time, demanding more or less resources than expected, or having a different finish time than what was initially expected. We adapt the proposed algorithms to take actions depending on which event occurs, e.g. task degradation to reduce the impact on the datacenter profit
Adj, Mamadou. "Étude, réalisation et simulation de fonctionnement d'un prototype de réfrigérateur solaire à réserve de froid alimenté par photopiles et destiné à la conservation des vaccins." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120003.
Full textMoraes, Filho Francisco Canind? de. "Avalia??o da aplica??o de modelos para a secagem de pastas e suspens?es em leito de jorro com alimenta??o cont?nua." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15843.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This work studies the development, implementation and improvement of a macroscopic model to describe the behavior of the spouted bed dryer with continuous feeding for pastes and suspensions drying. This model is based on the CST model (Freire et al., 2009) and the model of Fernandes (2005), whose theoretical foundation is based on macroscopic mass and heat balances for the three phases involved in the process: gas, liquid and solid. Because this technique is quite relevant, the studies of modeling and simulation of spouted bed drying are essential in the analysis of the process as a whole, because through them it is possible to predict and understand the behavior of the process, which contributes significantly to more efficient project and operation. The development and understanding of the phenomena involved in the drying process can be obtained by comparing the experimental data with those from computer simulations. Such knowledge is critical for choosing properly the process conditions in order to obtain a good drying efficiency. Over the past few years, researches and development of works in the field of pastes and suspensions drying in spouted bed has been gaining ground in Brazil. The Particulate Systems Laboratory at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, has been developing several researches and generating a huge collection of experimental data concerning the drying of fruit pulps, vegetables pastes, goat milk and suspensions of agro-industrial residues. From this collection, some data of goat milk and residue from acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) drying were collected. For the first time, these data were used for the development and validation of a model that can describe the behavior of spouted bed dryer. Thus, it was possible to model the dryer and to evaluate the influence of process variables (paste feeding, temperature and flow rate of the drying air) in the drying dynamics. We also performed water evaporation experiments in order to understand and to study the behavior of the dryer wall temperature and the evaporation rate. All these analysis will contribute to future works involving the implementation of control strategies in the pastes and suspensions drying. The results obtained in transient analysis were compared with experimental data indicating that this model well represents the process
No presente trabalho estuda-se o desenvolvimento, a aplica??o e o aprimoramento de um modelo macrosc?pico para descrever o comportamento do secador leito de jorro com alimenta??o cont?nua para a secagem de pastas e suspens?es. Tal modelo est? baseado nos modelos CST (Freire et al., 2009) e de Fernandes (2005), cuja base te?rica ? fundamentada em balan?os macrosc?picos de calor e massa para as tr?s fases envolvidas no processo: gasosa, l?quida e s?lida. Pelo fato dessa t?cnica ser bastante relevante, os estudos da modelagem e simula??o da secagem em leito de jorro s?o fundamentais na an?lise do processo como um todo, pois atrav?s deles ? poss?vel prever e compreender o comportamento do processo, o que contribui significativamente para um projeto e opera??o mais eficazes. O desenvolvimento e entendimento dos fen?menos envolvidos no processo de secagem podem ser adquiridos atrav?s da compara??o dos dados obtidos experimentalmente com os provenientes de simula??es computacionais. Tal conhecimento ? de suma import?ncia para que haja a escolha adequada das condi??es de processo, a fim de se obter uma boa efici?ncia da secagem. Ao longo dos ?ltimos anos, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de trabalhos voltados ? secagem de pastas e suspens?es em leito de jorro vem ganhando espa?o no Brasil. O Laborat?rio de Sistemas Particulados, localizado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, vem desenvolvendo diversas pesquisas e gerando um enorme acervo de dados experimentais relativos ? secagem de polpas de frutas, pastas de legumes, leite de cabra e de suspens?es de res?duos da agroind?stria. Desse acervo foram coletados dados para secagem de leite de cabra e res?duo da acerola (Malpighia glabra L.). Pela primeira vez esses dados foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento e valida??o de um modelo que consiga descrever o comportamento do secador leito de jorro. Com isso, foi poss?vel modelar o secador e avaliar a influ?ncia das vari?veis de processo (vaz?o da pasta, temperatura e vaz?o do ar de secagem) na din?mica da secagem. Foram realizados ainda, experimentos de evapora??o de ?gua a fim de entender e equacionar o comportamento da temperatura na parede do secador e da taxa de evapora??o. Todas essas an?lises contribuir?o para trabalhos futuros que envolvam a implementa??o de estrat?gias de controle na secagem de pastas e suspens?es. Os resultados obtidos nas an?lises em regime transiente foram comparados com dados experimentais indicando que o modelo representa bem o processo
Cester, Christophe. "Étude des pertes magnétiques supplémentaires dans les machines asynchrones alimentées par onduleur à modulation de largeur d'impulsion." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0068.
Full textFourcault, Alice. "Modélisation d’un étage haute température alimenté par une torche à plasma pour la dégradation des goudrons présents dans les gaz de synthèse." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3015.
Full textBiomass and/or waste gasification produces a fuel biogas mainly composed by CO, H2, CH4, but it also includes by-products like tars. Europlasma company advises a process for tar removal assisted by plasma : the TurboPlasma®. The fuel biogas originally from a gasification unit is overheating by a plasma torch in a high temperature stage reactor. The plasma torch produces a plasma gas with a temperature higher than 4. 000 K. So the fuel gas is locally heated up to 1. 400 K, which allows an efficient degradation of almost tars, even of the heaviest. This process is modelized thanks to two numerical studies. The first one relies on a completely stirred tank reactor model, the second one uses the Fluent code. This last study allows to understand the internal aerodynamics of the reactor and to specify its design to reach the tar removal objectives. The gas that is obtained is suitable for a use in gas engine
Portell, Canal Xavier. "Individual-based observations and individual-based simulations to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284741.
Full textEl Saccharomyces cerevisiae és un dels llevats que gaudeix de més significació econòmica, social i per a la salut humana. Depenent de les condicions experimentades, el llevat S. cerevisiae pot créixer mitjançant un metabolisme fermentatiu, respiratori o respirofermentatiu. La formació de cicatrius, una divisió desigual, una vida replicativa limitada i un increment de la mida de la cèl.lula amb l’edat replicativa són característiques individuals d’aquest llevat que afecten el comportament dels bioprocessos. Aquestes característiques incrementen la complexitat dels models predictius i dificulten, per tant, la seva inclusió en un model continu de manera realista. No obstant això, un model basat en l’individu sí que és capaç d’acomodar tota aquesta complexitat en un únic model computacional. Una vegada implementat, un model basat en l’individu ha de ser parametritzat, calibrat i la seva adequació ha de ser avaluada. Tots aquests processos requereixen idealment un gran nombre d’observacions experimentals, tant individuals com a nivell del sistema estudiat. L’objectiu general de la tesi present és avançar en el desenvolupament d’una metodologia basada en l’individu per estudiar sistemes microbians conduïts pel llevat S. cerevisiae. Primerament s’avalua l’adequació de INDISIM-YEAST, un model basat en l’individu, ja existent, focalitzat en un llevat genèric. Es verifica i s’avalua la diversitat del S. cerevisiae en observacions experimentals orientades a l’individu en diferents condicions de creixement i en diversos estadis de la corba de creixement de la població. Això permet obtenir observacions basades en l’individu molt valuoses a l’hora de donar suport a la metodologia desitjada. Es desenvolupa i s’implementa en Fortran 90 INDISIM-Saccha, un model quantitatiu basat en l’individu i focalitzat en el creixement fermentatiu (anaerobi) del S. cerevisiae. El model desenvolupat és parametritzat, calibrat, la seva adequació és avaluada i és utilitzat per estudiar in silico la producció d’etanol mitjançant experiments virtuals. El procés de calibratge, l’obtenció i l’anàlisi de les dades dels experiments virtuals s’han realitzat utilitzant el programari estadístic R. L’adequació del model s’avalua testejant diferents prediccions del model a nivell de sistema (corbes de disminució de la glucosa i de creixement de la població) i a nivell de la cèllula individual (evolucions temporals de la fracció de cèl.lules gemades, de la distribució d’edats genealògiques i de la distribució dels diàmetres cel.lulars). Les observacions del diàmetre de les cèl.lules individuals obtingudes a la tesi present juguen un paper significatiu en aquesta avaluació. Els resultats dels experiments virtuals suggereixen que les diferències en la distribució de mides cel.lulars poden afectar dràsticament l’evolució i la productivitat de les fermentacions i suggereixen una caracterització rutinària de l’inòcul a la indústria biotecnològica. L’INDISIM-Saccha també és adaptat per tenir en compte el creixement aeròbic del S. cerevisiae i és contrastat mitjançant dos assajos experimentals amb dos nivells d’oxigen al medi. Els resultats preliminars de la simulació denoten que aquesta aproximació també té el potencial de reproduir cultius discontinus aerobis del S. cerevisiae. Això representa un pas endavant cap a l’obtenció d’un model basat en l’individu que tingui en compte tot el conjunt d’alternatives metabòliques experimentades pel S. cerevisiae. Finalment, aquesta tesi també dissenya i implementa INDISIM-YEAST-NL en l’ambient de programació lliure anomenat NetLogo per tal de comunicar de manera eficient, d’incrementar l’accessibilitat i d’afavorir l’ús de la metodologia INDISIM-Saccha. La implementació d’aquest model simplificat amb NetLogo posa les bases per a una comprensió més alta de la metodologia desenvolupada, i dels models microbians basats en l’individu en general, i facilitarà futures interaccions amb usuaris potencials de l’INDISIM-Saccha.
Huang, Jin. "Modélisation et simulation des machines synchrones munies de circuits amortisseurs alimentées par convertisseurs statiques : étude des stratégies de régulation et de commande : étude et optimisation des circuits amortisseurs." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT044H.
Full textWanko, Ngnien Adrien. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert et évaluation des capacités d'oxygénation et de traitement des dispositifs de traitement par cultures fixées sur supports granulaires fins alimentés en discontinu-développement d'un modèle de biodégradation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13187.
Full textAim of this work is to enhance understanding of the main phenomena occurring during infiltration of wastewater within vertical flow sand filter. We also introduce some operating possibilities which may improve efficiency and keep seepage beds in good working order. In the first part we document state of art in this research topic. Following some general remarks about different wastewater treatment techniques, more precise description of seepage beds is made with particular interest on its constraints and needs of further research. A central issue is the choice of porous media. It should be adapted to allow good oxygen feeding for bacteria growing on it and avoid biological clogging. Second part, mainly experimental, is focused on physical and hydraulic characterization of un-colonized crushed and stream sand. We carried out a residence time distribution (RTD) comparison of these two sands under steady and unsteady flow. Apart from characteristics of porous media and with a constant daily loading rate, decreased frequencies involve longer residence times. On the other hand, output recovery of the mass of injected tracer always occurs faster with stream sand. Continuation of hydrodynamic study is made with colonised porous media. Efficiency of biological removing of carbonaceous pollution is higher within stream sand. Opposite trend is observed with nitrogenous pollution. Removing of both nitrogenous and carbonaceous pollutions is linked to oxygenation. In other words it is linked to renewal of gaseous phase in porous medium. We highlight convection and diffusion of oxygen in porous media by using a fluorescence technology, which allows us to detect both gaseous and dissolved oxygen. We compare participation of convection and diffusion phenomena to renewal of oxygen. Achievement of this work consists on the development of a numerical code which simulates flow and pollution degradation through a colonized porous medium. Two different numerical methods have been used. In the first model, also called global approach, chemical and transport parts of each equation are solved by a single numerical scheme. A second model introduces a splitting operator method which solves separately and successively convective, dispersive and kinetic parts of each equation
Dantas, Thayse Naianne Pires. "Avaliacao de dados de secagem de suspensoes de polpas de frutas em leito de jorro com alimentacao intermitente." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15840.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The objective of this work was the development and improvement of the mathematical models based on mass and heat balances, representing the drying transient process fruit pulp in spouted bed dryer with intermittent feeding. Mass and energy balance for drying, represented by a system of differential equations, were developed in Fortran language and adapted to the condition of intermittent feeding and mass accumulation. Were used the DASSL routine (Differential Algebraic System Solver) for solving the differential equation system and used a heuristic optimization algorithm in parameter estimation, the Particle Swarm algorithm. From the experimental data food drying, the differential models were used to determine the quantity of water and the drying air temperature at the exit of a spouted bed and accumulated mass of powder in the dryer. The models were validated using the experimental data of drying whose operating conditions, air temperature, flow rate and time intermittency, varied within the limits studied. In reviewing the results predicted, it was found that these models represent the experimental data of the kinetics of production and accumulation of powder and humidity and air temperature at the outlet of the dryer
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o estudo e aperfei?oamento de modelos matem?ticos, baseados em balan?os de massa e de energia, que representem o processo de secagem transiente de polpas de frutas em secador de leito de jorro com alimenta??o intermitente. Os balan?os de massa e de energia para a secagem, representados por um sistema de equa??es diferenciais, foram desenvolvidos em linguagem Fortran e adaptados para a condi??o de alimenta??o intermitente e de ac?mulo de massa no interior do equipamento. Este programa realiza a integra??o deste sistema de equa??es diferenciais utilizando a rotina DASSL (Differential Algebraic System Solver) e o procedimento de estima??o do par?metro do modelo foi fundamentado na minimiza??o da fun??o objetivo da t?cnica de m?nimos quadrados utilizando um m?todo heur?stico de otimiza??o PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). Utilizando dados experimentais gerados nas pesquisas de secagem de alimentos realizadas nos laborat?rio de Tecnologia de Alimentos e de Sistemas Particulados da UFRN, determinaram-se equa??es emp?ricas estat?sticas e aplicaram-se os modelos referentes aos balan?os para verifica??o da quantidade de ?gua e da temperatura do ar de secagem na sa?da do leito de jorro e da massa de material acumulada no secador. Os modelos foram validados a partir dos dados experimentais de secagens cujas condi??es operacionais, de temperatura do ar, vaz?o da pasta e tempo de intermit?ncia, variavam dentro dos limites estudados. Na an?lise dos resultados preditos, foi constatado que estes modelos representam bem os dados experimentais da cin?tica de produ??o e de ac?mulo de p? e da umidade e da temperatura do ar na sa?da do secado
Idrissi, Imane. "Contribution au Diagnotic des Défauts de la Machine Asynchrone Doublement Alimentée de l'Eolienne à Vitesse Variable." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR033/document.
Full textActually, the Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are omnipresent in the wind power market, owing to their construction simplicity, their low purchase cost and their mechanical robustness. However, as any other electrical machine, these generators are subject to defects of different order (electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic ...) or of different type (sensor, actuator or system). That’s why, it is important to design an effective diagnostic approach, able to early detect, locate and identify any defect or abnormal behavior, which could undermine the healthy operation of this machine On the one hand, motivated by the observer-based fault diagnosis methods strengths, we proposed, in this thesis, a diagnostic approach for the faults detection, localization and identification of the DFIG used in variable speed wind turbine. This approach is based on the use of the efficient and widely used Kalman observers. The state estimation errors of the linear Kalman filter and the non-linear Kalman filters, named: The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) are used as faults sensitive residuals. In order to avoid false alarms and to decouple faults from disturbances and noises, the faults detection is carried out by the analysis of the residuals generated, by the mean of statistical tests such as: Hinkley Page Test (PH) and DCS Test (Dynamic) Cumulative Sum). For the localization step in case of multiple and simultaneous faults, the Dedicated Observer scheme (DOS) and the Generalized Observer scheme (GOS) are applied. In addition, the fault level is determined in the fault identification step. Sensor faults, actuator and system faults of DFIG, are treated in this research work. On the other hand, a comparative study between the three Kalman observers proposed is performed. The comparison was done in terms of (1) the computation time, (2) the estimation accuracy, and (3) the convergence speed
SILVA, Giselle de Lima Paixão e. "SIMULAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA DE ÁGUA MINERAL PELO MÉTODO SYSTEM DYNAMICS." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1458.
Full textThe processing of mineral water is characterized by a system composed of step sequences, input variables, parameters and output variables. Thus, this work was conducted with the objective of implementing a computer model to simulate the steps that comprise the operational flowchart of a mineral water industry, using the software Stella 8.0. The model defined as dynamic, stochastic and discrete consisted of eleven interconnected blocks. It was built following the steps of characterizing the real system, creating the conceptual model, structuring and verification of computational model, data collection, and model validation. From data collected in the real system we obtained fits of the distributions used in assembling and verifying the model with the help of the @ risk 5.5 program. Validation of the program was conducted by comparing the data (number of bottles to be processed and total processing time) of the real system with simulated data, using regression analysis and the program Statistic 6.0 (Statsoft). The values collected in the real system were within the upper and lower limits on the graph obtained by regression analysis, with a confidence level of 95%, ensuring that the computer model adequately represents the real system. Fails in the process were identified by analyzing of collected values needed more processing time than the simulated values, for the same amount of bottles. However, the computational model developed is appliable to simulate the dynamics of processing lines of Mineral Water, being a tool of production control, which allows the visualization of the behavior of the real system, facilitates the identification of errors, improve production flow, and reduces manufacturing costs by controlling the total processing time.
O processamento de água mineral é caracterizado por um sistema composto por etapas seqüenciais, variáveis de entrada, parâmetros e variáveis de saída. Deste modo, este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de implementar um modelo computacional para simular as etapas que integram o fluxograma operacional de uma indústria de água mineral, através do software Stella 8.0. O modelo definido como dinâmico, estocástico e discreto constituiu-se de onze blocos interligados. O mesmo foi construído seguindo as etapas de caracterização do sistema real; criação do modelo conceitual; estruturação e verificação do modelo computacional; obtenção de dados; e validação do modelo. Partindo dos dados coletados no sistema real obteve-se os ajustes das distribuições utilizadas na montagem e verificação do modelo, com o auxílio do programa @risk 5.5. A validação do programa foi efetuada através da comparação dos dados (quantidade de galões a serem processados e tempo total de processamento) do sistema real com os dados simulados, por meio da análise de regressão e do programa Statistica 6.0 (statsoft). Os valores coletados no sistema real apresentaram-se dentro dos limites superior e inferior no gráfico obtido pela análise de regressão, com nível de confiança de 95%, garantindo que o modelo computacional representa de forma adequada o sistema real. Falhas no processo foram identificadas analisando que alguns valores coletados para a mesma quantidade de galões, necessitaram de maior tempo de processamento do que os valores simulados. Contudo, o modelo computacional desenvolvido é aplicável para simular a dinâmica operacional de linhas processadoras de Água Mineral, por ser uma ferramenta de controle da produção, que permite a visualização do comportamento do sistema real, facilita a identificação de erros, melhora o fluxo produtivo e reduz custos industriais por controlar o tempo total de processamento.
Harkouss, Rami. "Effet du salage et du séchage sur la dynamique d’évolution de la protéolyse, de la structure et de la texture lors de la fabrication d’un jambon sec. Développement d’un modèle de « jambon numérique » couplant transferts d’eau, de sel et protéolyse." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22446/document.
Full textBecause of public health problems, the food industry must lower sodium content in all food products, therefore in cured meat products. During the dry-cured ham elaboration process, decreasing salt content may induce microbial safety problems and texture defects due to an excessive proteolysis that could affect later the industrial stage of slicing. On account of that, this work of thesis aims at (1) studying the relationship between proteolysis, structure and texture during the various stages of dry-cured ham manufacture, and (2) building a “numerical ham” model to predict spatially the time course of water and salt content, and thus water activity (a w ), and to couple these variations with proteolysis. This work combines experimental studies and numerical modelling and simulation. Firstly, a new and powerful technique for quantifying proteolysis that uses “Fluorescamine” was developed and validated on pork meat samples and samples extracted from industrial dry-cured hams; a new proteolysis index (PI) was defined. Based on an experimental design, the time course of proteolysis was quantified in laboratory-salted and dried pork meat samples prepared from five different types of pork muscle. Applying multiple linear regression enabled us to build phenomenological models relating, for each pork muscle, PI velocity to temperature, and to water and salt content. Using Comsol ® Multiphysics software, these phenomenological models were then combined with heat and mass transfer models and associated with calculation of a w , thus constituting the “numerical ham” model. In addition, the time course of PI, five textural parameters (hardness, fragility, cohesiveness, springiness and adhesiveness), and four structural parameters (fiber number, extracellular spaces, cross section area, and connective tissue area) was quantified on samples extracted from two different muscles of industrial dry-cured hams removed from the process at five different processing times. Multiple polynomial regression was applied to build phenomenological models relating PI, salt and water content to some textural and structural parameters investigated. These last models could be rapidly incorporated in the “numerical ham” model to constitute a real process simulator. In the future, the “numerical ham” model should be improved in order to take into account (1) the strong decrease in ham volume due to drying and also (2) the decrease in proteolysis velocity with time as a result of the reduction in the amount of protein that can be hydrolysed in the ham. Once completed and improved, the process simulator will be available to professionals to test scenarios allowing sodium content to be reduced in dry-cured hams without altering their final quality