Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulateurs de conduite dynamiques'
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Denoual, Thomas. "Contribution a l'objectivation des prestations dynamiques sur simulateur de conduite." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0047.
Full textEvolutions of the design process tend to the increasing integration of digital tools, including driving simulators, in the validation loops. It is therefore necessary to build methods of uses fitted to meet these new constraints and explore new possibilities that these tools can offer. The evaluation of the driving dynamics performances is discussed here in the case of trajectory control in turn subjected to disturbances. The objective ofthis work is to propose a methodology for subjective evaluation, on simulator, of performances related to vehicle dynamics and apply it to the characterization of a trajectory correction system. Experimental studies on simulator, in the presence and in the absence of inertial restitution, were conducted to validate a methodology for assessment and identify sensory cues put in. A model based on classical psychophysicalrelations has been proposed to link the subjective judgments and the objective data of the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. Finally, the use of this model has been used to characterize the onset of a stability control system (ESC). This work has been carried out in the framework of a CIFRE PhD (ANRT contract No 1181/2008) at RENAULT, Technical Center for Simulation and at Research Institute of Communication and Cybernetics of Nantes (IRCCyN), UMR 6597, under the co-direction of MM. Jean-François Petiot (IRCCyN - Ecole Centrale de Nantes) and Andras Kemeny (RENAULT) and supervision of Mr. Frank Mars (IRCCyN - CNRS)
Vailleau, Benjamin. "Etude de la perception du mouvement propre 2D/3D dans les simulateurs de conduite dynamiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066741.
Full textDenoual, Thomas. "Contribution à l'objectivation des prestations dynamiques sur simulateur de conduite." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756682.
Full textKhemoudj, Omar. "Développement d'une méthode de pesage embarqué pour poids lourd." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7428ff38-a32b-4ac8-a909-cbd8a5df4bb8.
Full textWith more than 75% of freight in most EU countries, road traffic is the most dominant mode for the transport of goods. The proportion of heavy duty vehicles (HDV) increases in traffic and often reaches 15 to 20%. To achieve the new objectives of sustainable development, ensuring the sustainability of infrastructure and improving road safety, a special attention should be paid to this mode of transportation to assess and reduce the dynamic loads of the wheels and axles on pavements. The safety and efficiency of HDV can be improved by the use of on-board systems for the monitoring and the estimation of dynamic loads in real time. The progress in development of new tools in control theory provides interesting techniques for the weigh-in-motion board. The objective of this thesis is to develop a method to estimate the impact forces of heavy vehicles on the roadways and to provide an active control to reduce the maximum dynamic effects. After a detailed state of art about available on-board weighing technology, a yaw-roll model dynamics of the HDV is developed. Estimation methods based on explicit and implicit model inversion and sliding mode observers are developed and tested using the Prosper/Callas simulator and a first validation is obtained by experimental tests. Finally, control architecture for active steering, based on the estimated impact forces in order to alert and assist the driver in the presence of rollover risk and dangerous situations is proposed
Ouahi, Mohamed. "Observation de systèmes à entrées inconnues, applications à la dynamique automobile." Limoges, 2010. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/574cb10f-445d-4c0d-9123-b0ecb884c52c/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4019.pdf.
Full textAdvanced driver assistance systems for active safety need the dynamic state of the vehicle to build effective automatic control strategies. This thesis deals with the use of unknown input observers to estimate variables related to the vehicle state and its environment. After presenting different models of vehicle, different unknown input state observers of linear and nonlinear systems are defined to estimate variables of the vehicle dynamics
Aykent, Baris. "Etude des lois de commande de la plateforme de simulation de conduite et influence sur le mal de simulateur." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0053/document.
Full textSimulation has been intensively involved nowadays in research and development for automotive industry. Driving simulators are one of those simulation techniques which are used to evaluate the prototypes for the vehicle dynamics and driving assistance systems. However with the driving simulator, there is a lock associated with its use. Because representing a permanent scenario as scale 1 is quite difficult. Because of that difficulty, motion/simulator sickness is an inevitably important topic to study.This thesis proposes to explore methods and tools to implement in static or dynamic simulators. In this implementation, studies of simulator sickness are conducted with objective measures (via a motion tracking sensor, platform for body stability, electromyography) and subjective (through questionnaires). These algorithmic or hardware solutions studies should be defined and applied at simulators. The proposed approaches to reduce or avoid simulator sickness in this thesis are:- Building control algorithms of motion hexapod platform: seven different algorithms are implemented.- Measuring the effects of inertia on subjects at vestibular, neuromuscular and postural levels.- Assessing the involvement of subjects (drivers and passengers)
Rengifo, cadavid Carolina. "Contrôle plateforme pour la validation du véhicule autonome sur simulateur dynamique à hautes performances." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE023.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript takes part in the context of driving simulation and more specifically in the one of dynamic driving simulators used for the validation of advanced systems and the autonomous vehicle. In order to address the issues of performance and motion perception, we have presented different approaches to improve the Motion Cueing Algorithms (MCA). All our studies show that the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is the best choice to MCA on high-performance driving simulators. Indeed, compared to other strategies, it allows to better take advantage of the workspace without endangering the simulator and/or the driver. However, in this MCA, the real-time optimization and the perception model must be guaranteed in order to improve the driver's immersion in the virtual environment. Therefore, we compared different techniques to solve constrained optimization problems. We proposed a based optimization technique, which provides an intuitive and fast solution to the MPC constrained optimization problem. Finally, we established recommendations for MCA parameterization according to the self-declared driving behavior allowing a better perception of motion in a driving simulator, in interactive driving and in autonomous mode
Stratulat, Anca. "Etude des interactions multi-sensorielle pour la perception des mouvements du véhicule en simulateur dynamique : contribution de l'illusion somatogravique à l'immersion en environnement virtuel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22139.
Full textDriving simulators allow the exploration of certain areas of research that are difficult to reach in normal conditions, like the integration of different sensory inputs (visual, vestibular and somesthesic) for perception of self-motion. In spite of their complexity, driving simulators do not produce a realistic sensation of driving, especially for braking and turnings. This is due to their mechanical limitations. As a consequence, driving simulators' motion algorithm is based on tilt-coordination technique, which assumes the tilt of the car so that the driver's force of gravity is oriented in the same way as the gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA) during a linear acceleration. This technique is based on the tilt-translation ambiguity of the vestibular system and is used on dynamic driving simulators in combination with linear translations in so-called washout algorithm, to produce a sensation of linear acceleration. The aim of the present research is to understand how humans use multiple sensory signals (vestibular, visual and somatosensory) during the perception of linear acceleration on a driving simulator. The conducted experiments show that the perception of motion depends on the manner tilt and translation are used together to provide a unified percept of linear acceleration. Further, our results show that there is an important difference on how humans perceive accelerations and decelerations. For braking, the most realistic tilt/translation ratio depends on the level of deceleration. For acceleration, the motion is generally overestimated and depends on the level of acceleration, but not on the variation of tilt/translation ratio. The results suggest that visual, vestibular and proprioceptive cues are integrated in an optimal Bayesian fashion. In conclusion, it is not advisable to use a washout algorithm without taking into account the non-linearity of human perception. We propose an empirically found data-driven fitting model that describes the relationship between tilt, translation and the desired level of acceleration or deceleration. This model is intended to be a supplement to motion cueing algorithms that should improve the realism of driving simulations
Dagonneau, Virginie. "Etude des liens entre immersion et présence pour la mise au point d'un simulateur de conduite de deux-roues motorisé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766116.
Full textDelgerie, Xavier. "Conception d’un simulateur de conduite pour véhicule Spyder." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9572.
Full textLafont, Alex. "Effet des messages de sécurité routière sur la détection des cyclistes par les automobilistes dans un environnement dynamique : implication des processus attentionnels et émotionnels." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH028.
Full textThe aim of the present project is to provide a better understanding of how safety messages can control drivers' vulnerable road user detection abilities. Safety messages provide both vulnerability information and elicit emotion with persons that are exposed to it. This thesis deals with how vulnerability information and emotions respectively affect vulnerable road user detection performances. A special focus was placed on cyclists because of the lack of studies that address cyclist detetcion issues. The project also focused on physiology, especially emotion identification through physiological patterns
Fabre, Florian. "Conduite orientée ordonnancement d'un simulateur dynamique hybride : application aux procédés discontinus." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT023G/document.
Full textThis thesis presents works which aim to incorporate a scheduling module (ProSched) to an environment for modeling and dynamic hybrid simulation PrODHyS in order to automate the generation of scenarios for simulation of batch processes based on a recipe and a list of production orders (OF). The methodology developed is based on a mixed optimization / simulation approach. In this context, three key points have been developed in this work: - First, design and develop reusable components (recipe classes) for the hierarchical and systematic modeling of the sequencing of unit operations. For this, the notions of Task token and macro-place have been introduced in the RdPDO formalism and allow the modeling of recipes by assembling these predefined components. - Secondly, define a generic mathematical model of scheduling based on a well defined graphical formalism (RTN) that models the main characteristics of batch processes and provide all input data necessary to the simulation model. For this, a MILP model based on the Unit Specific Event formulation has been implemented. - Finally, define the interface between the optimization model and the simulation model through the concept of control place and decision-making center at the simulator level. In this context, various strategies of mixing optimization and simulation are proposed. The potential of this approach is illustrated by the simulation of a complete manufacturing process
Van, Box Som Annick. "Des sciences humaines aux sciences de l’ingénieur : comportements humains, activités finalisées et conception de systèmes d’assistance à la conduite de véhicules industriels." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20105/document.
Full textDriving a truck is a complex professional activity that takes place in a dynamic and constant changing environment. It needs a specific learning and it is set in a strict regulated framework including French labour code (Code du travail) as road regulation. Strong spatio-temporal pressure should be added to those characteristics. These constraints entail to drivers the use of operative strategies to achieve the main objective of their activity: respect of delivery time in optimal conditions of safety, security and productivity.This thesis deals with the contribution of cognitive psychology to the design of driving assistance systems for trucks. Works are intended to integrate, from the design of new systems, the demands of human cognitive functioning in real situation and the needs and expectations of drivers so that adapted and usable technological solutions could be proposed to them.Applied part shows two major dimensions of truck driving activity: productivity through the issue of the eco-driving assistance (“Conduite Economique Assistée, ADEME- RENAULT TRUCKS” project) and safety through the issue of the assistance to detection and protection of vulnerable road users (“VIVRE2, ANR-PREDIT05-LUTB” project).From a scientific point of view, the thesis ends with a proposal of a model of human functioning in finalized activities, of which is added an adapted model of the truck driving activity. The analysis performed in real environment enhance knowledge, on the one hand, on the applied driving strategies to the eco-driving of a truck in extra-urban environment and, on the other hand, on the components of the activity of drivers doing deliveries in urban environment. Moreover, works performed in VIVRE2 project allowed to specify representations and risky behaviours of vulnerable users with relation to trucks in town.From an applicative and ergonomic point of view, works on driving dynamic simulator allowed the evaluation of an innovative man-machine interface which could be adapted to eco-driving and the proposal as well as the evaluation of assistance systems to guarantee safety of vulnerable users during low speed manoeuvres in urban environment
Mas, Arnaud. "Utilisation des simulateurs de conduite pour l'évaluation des systèmes d'aide à la conduite en situation d'urgence." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00714217.
Full textBertho, Yann. "Dynamiques d'écoulements gaz/particules en conduite verticale." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171722.
Full textPour des débits de grains élevés et moyens, on observe respectivement un régime de chute libre et un régime d'ondes de densité (succession de zones denses en billes et de régions plus diluées). Un modèle a été développé afin de prédire les relations entre les différents paramètres de l'écoulement (débit, pression, compacité); il démontre notamment le rôle essentiel joué par les interactions entre l'air et les grains. Il est ainsi possible d'estimer les forces de frottement entre les billes et les parois du tube ainsi que les différentes composantes du transport de l'air et des grains.
Pour des débits de grains plus faibles, on observe un régime d'écoulement compact intermittent pour lequel pression de l'air et compacité sont fortement corrélées. Un fort effet d'amplification des fluctuations de pression a également été identifié lorsque l'onde de décompaction se propage vers le haut du tube au démarrage de l'écoulement. La modélisation du régime intermittent fait apparaître le rôle primordial des frottements entre les grains et les parois. Pour mieux les comprendre, une étude spécifique a été entreprise pour étudier l'évolution de l'écrantage du poids d'une colonne de grains en mouvement relatif par rapport aux parois (modèle de Janssen). Cette étude a montré que ce modèle reste valable sur une large gamme de vitesses. Par ailleurs, le mouvement des parois provoque un réajustement des distributions des forces dans la colonne, qui atteint un état d'équilibre dynamique stationnaire très reproductible. Dans toutes ces expériences, l'influence de l'humidité a également été étudiée et une forte variation de l'interaction grains/parois a été mise en évidence.
AYKENT, Baris. "Etude des lois de commande de la plateforme de simulation de conduite et influence sur le mal de simulateur." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00967987.
Full textSERRE, THIERRY. "Mise au point d'une methodologie pour la generation automatique de modeles de comportement dynamique de vehicule pour simulateur de conduite." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF21004.
Full textHétier, Mickaël. "Analyse et quantification des comportements des conducteurs automobiles lors des phases de pré-crash : Contribution au développement d'un modèle de détection des postures de conduite en temps réel." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/06d45dbc-30f5-4321-8a44-db264fe3d947.
Full textStandardisation of crash-tests implies that the occupants are protected and seated with a predetermined position. In addition, standardisation does not take into account individual characteristics, real position and anticipatory reactions during a crash. Thus, it is essential to study the incidences of human beings' morphologies before a crash. It is indeed very important to study the effects of real, standardised and atypical postures in relation with the active protection systems. In fact, during the phase called pre-crash, the driver anticipates and tries to avoid the crash with a swerving movement. During the crash, these kinematics and dynamical modifications increase the injuries severity of the car occupant. Thus, a new concept of automobile safety was developed by the C2S, a LAMIH's research team, and the INRETS-LBMC laboratory. This concept consists of deducing, in real time, the anthropometry, and the driver's reactions and postures, with basic sensors, in order to adapt driver's protection systems at the crash time. For example, this system will modify, in function of driver's characteristics, the volume of airbags, the seat adjustments, or the pretentionners' performances. This doctoral thesis contributed to create this new concept and to develop the methodology. This methodology will allow to detect, in real time, the driver's behaviour and position, from results obtained with driving simulator tests
Wohrer, Adrien. "Model and large-scale simulator of a biological retina, with contrast gain control." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4011.
Full textThe retina is a complex neural structure. The characteristics of retinal processing are reviewed extensively in Part I of this work: It is a very ordered structure, which proceeds to band-pass spatio-temporal enhancements of the incoming light, along different parallel output pathways with distinct spatio-temporal properties. The spike trains emitted by the retina have a complex statistical structure, such that precise spike timings may play a role in the code conveyed by the retina. Several mechanisms of gain control provide a constant adaptation of the retina to luminosity and contrast. The retina model that we have defined and implemented in Part II can account for a good part of this complexity. It can model spatio-temporal band-pass behavior with adjustable filtering scales, with the inclusion of plausible mechanisms of contrast gain control and spike generation. The gain control mechanism proposed in the model provides a good fit to experimental data, and it can induce interesting effects of local renormalization in the output retinal image. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis confirms that the gain control behaves well under simple sinusoidal stimulation. Finally, the simulator /Virtual Retina/ implements the model on a large-scale, so that it can emulate up to around 100,000 cells with a processing speed of about 1/100 real time. It is ready for use in various applications, while including a number of advanced retinal functionalities which are too often overlooked
Coutier, Thierry. "Élaboration d'un simulateur du fonctionnement d'un véhicule électrique : Application à l'augmentation de l'autonomie par la gestion des flux d'énergie." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0814.
Full textThis study has focused on improving electric vehicles autonomy by providing some driving assistance, helping the driver to better control the energy fluxes occuring on board. Two concepts were considered. The first one has taken optimal control theory as tool in order to find the optimal longitudinal trajectories. In the second one, the effects of a soft, gradually increasing with speed, limitation of the vehicle acceleration capabilities were studied. The first concept unfortunately requiring some path planning task, could not be yet implemented on actual vehicles. But the elaborated optimal control algorithm has been useful in showing that large consumption improvements can be achieved when the asymmetry of speed histograms grows, while classical driving cycles cinematic parameters are kept unchanged. This asymmetry is better quantified by the asymmetry coefficient. The behaviour of the histograms reflects the main temporal trend of the optimised trajectories : the creation of speed plateaux around the mean speed. The second concept was studied on a complete electric vehicle simulator, modelling a Volta. Some experiments were carried out to identify the physical parameters of the model, which has been validated by on road measurements. Discretization of the model has been carefully accomplished, so that the resulting backward simulator is both accurate and quick. It features a special algorithm, which modifies input driving cycles according to the working zone of the vehicle. Firstly, an assessment of the vehicle perforamnces among different representative driving cycles was made. Then, improvements, when progressive limitations of acceleration capabilities are applied, were evaluated. Results showed that while mean speed only slightly decreased, autonomy could significantly increase. Explanations were carefully investigated. According to the asymmetry coefficient, it appears that the modified driving cycles get closer to the optimised signals. Unlike the optimal control approach, the second concept does not require some path planning task and could be easily applied on an electric vehicle
Ameyoe, Ablamvi. "Estimation de la distraction fondée sur un modèle dynamique de conducteur : principes et algorithmes." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0271/document.
Full textDistracted driving is one of the important factors that cause road accidents. The detection of the driver’s state of distraction in the industrial context and at low-cost leads to privilege the indicators based on sensors that are already available on the vehicle. However,current systems are generally not reliable enough, especially because the observed magnitudes to achieve detection are quite far from a purely physiological phenomenon distraction. This led us to propose solutions based on a cybernetic driver model that represent the visual and motor process involved in the lateral control of the vehicle. The parameters of this model have been estimated by conducting successively identification exploiting data packets and recursive identification, the latter allowing to track continuously the parametric evolution over time. Then, three approaches were considered to model or estimate the state of distraction, by modeling alternately thedistraction as a disturbance affecting parameters, the output or the input of the cybernetic model of the driver:Approach 1 - The distraction is modeled as an additive disturbance on the model output. The experimental output, the driver steering wheel torque, is then compared with the predicted steering wheel torque to generate the torque prediction error that is sensitive to the state of distraction.Approach 2 - The distraction is modeled as disturbances that affect the model parameters. The analysis of these parameters identified during normal and distracted driving periods showed that the parameters’ variation depends effectively on the driver’s state of distraction.Approach 3 - Distraction is modeled as an additive disturbance on the input of the model. The estimate of this disturbance is also a significant residue, sensitive to the state of distraction. The principles and algorithms proposed for estimating the state of distraction were validated using experimental data collected during a test campaign conducted on a fixed-base driving simulator, involving 35 drivers. The test conditions alternated normal driving phases and prone to distractions of various kinds: cognitive distractions, visual, visual-motor and motor. The three proposed approaches give similar and consistent results between them
Pinto, Maria. "Les interactions multisensorielles dans la perception du mouvement longitudinal : implications pour les simulateurs de conduite." Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39015.
Full textDriving simulators for research and development are common today. But recent results raise the problem of its validity while emphasising two inherent points with the driving simulator. First, it is actually observed that the lack of motion in fixed-based simulators induces behavioural differences in simulated as compared to real situations. Visual information on movement without congruent vestibular or proprioceptive information is thought to contribute to creating the type of conflict underlying simulator sickness, which is the second main point of this thesis. But different braking behaviour in real and simulated situations is also observed in motion-base simulators. Thus the subject of this thesis deals with the analysis of the interactions between the various sensory systems linked to perception of longitudinal movement, with the aim of improving braking performance on driving simulator, while limiting the risk of inducing simulator sickness. We tested the influence of the sound feedback and of the pitch of the visual scene on a fixed-base simulator, and measured the contribution of a movement with or without a small amplitude longitudinal translation on a motion-base simulator. These factors were tested on a braking-to-stop task and on a car-following situation. This behavioural approach was associated to a differential approach based on subject's perceptive style. The results showed an improvement of braking manoeuvres on the fixed-based simulator when visual and auditory deceleration cues were present. A minor influence of the motion-base was also observed. However, the small longitudinal motion had only a slight effect on braking behaviour
Faure, Vérane. "Les simulateurs de conduite : évaluation de la validité psychologique sous l'angle de la charge mentale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS590/document.
Full textThe validity of driving simulators is an essential subject to support and highlight the works aiming to understand driving behaviours more thoroughly. While the subjective and behavioural dimensions of that validity have often been studied, they encounter a few limits. On the other hand, studies about simulators’ validity are fairly rare. This dimension compares the implication of mechanisms inherent in behaviours between real and virtual driving. Furthermore, very few studies have considered the various dimensions of validity at once, whereas it could contribute to the development of a metrology for virtual environments. This thesis is precisely about this, with confrontations between classical measurements of behavioural validity (speed, lateral control) and measurements of psychological validity, examined from the viewpoint of mental workload - using indicators such as eye blinking. The main objective was to ascertain whether the mental workload levels vary between road driving and simulated driving when the observed behaviours aren’t relevant to make a clear difference.To answer this question, this thesis has been organised around three experiences carried out on driving simulators and a comparison between actual road driving and low-cost simulated driving. Two of those experiences were conducted to finely analyse the effect of some factors inherent to open road driving (traffic, environment) on driving behaviours and mental workload. The third experience was made to compare the mental workload induced by real driving and low-cost simulator driving, by putting this psychological validity measurement against classical behavioural measurements. Lastly, the fourth experience focused on the effects of the driving wheel’s force-feedback on this same mental workload.The main results revealed a higher workload level on simulated driving than on real driving, while some behavioural measurements (speed) were not different. This increased workload with the simulator does not seem to stem from the wheel’s force-feedback, since the tested feedback methods did not have a repercussion on the workload levels. In the end, this work confirms that taking psychological validity - examined here from a mental workload viewpoint - does have an interest within an evaluation process to analyse in a finer fashion the mental state of users when faced with a virtual reality system. It creates prospects to improve the validity of driving simulators
Pêcher, Christelle. "Inattention et conduite automobile : impact de la tristesse et des ruminations sur l'attention au volant." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20093.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the effects of inattention, due to sadness and ruminations, on driver's attention behaviour. Sadness is often associated with ruminations, involving a long-lasting attention self-focus on negative thoughts. But this process negatively interferes on controls while performing a task, reflecting a specific attention failure called inattention. In this work, the driving activity will be defined (chapter 1) before highlighting the importance of attention focus on task performance and precisely delineating inattention (chapter 2). This definition will bring us to question the role of emotions in general and sadness in particular on attention behaviour (chapter 3) and to review the literature on the impact of emotions while driving (chapter 4). Two experiments will subsequently be presented, detailing a new and original methodology to study the impact of inattention while driving (chapter 5). The effects of inattention on attention functions will be tested thanks to the combined use of this new method and the Attention Network Test (Fan, et al. , 2002) in laboratory, and in an adapted version to a simulated driving environment (chapters 6 and 7). Results will be discussed in a theoretical level, in regard to the literature on emotions and attention, and in an applied level, in terms of driving safety
Dagdelen, Mehmet. "Restitution des stimuli inertiels en simulation de conduite." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1298.
Full textElloumi, Hatem. "Commande des plates-formes avancées de simulation de conduite." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1425.
Full textDriving simulators are advanced devices composed of four components: a virtual scene projected on a wide screen to imitate the road and the traffic, an audio system to play the driving sounds (horn, squeal of brakes, etc. ), a car cockpit (including a real dashboard, the pedals and the seat of the driver) to copy the body position and the interaction of the driver with a real vehicle and finally a robot carrying the car cockpit to provide its motion. While the first three components could be considered as offering a sufficiently high degree of realism, the robot presents a very low capacity of displacement, thus preventing if from performing the real car motions. In fact, the aim of a driving simulator is not tracking real trajectories produced by outdoors driving but reproducing the corresponding motion sensations. How could we then, generate realistic motion sensations in simulation despite the constrained robot motion? It is the aim of Motion Cueing Algorithms (MCA) to give heuristically an answer to this problem. We thought however that, if we know the maximum capacity of restituting motion sensations} then we will be able to answer a better question: how could we generate, using the simulator, the ``best'' motion sensations despite the constrained robot motion? And then using this knowledge, we would be able to calibrate existing MCAs in order to maximize their performances or we could even design in an optimal way the geometry and the dynamics of the simulation robot. In this thesis, we offer an answer to this question thanks to our: Maximum Performance Algorithm (MPA). The MPA covers all aspects linked to the simulation. It integrates the notion of motion sensation through perception models taken from the literature. It includes, as well, our proper detailed robot model to account for its nonlinear dynamics. And it ensures the respect of all physical limits in the optimization process by using a nonlinear programming approach. The complexity of this problem is not only due to the difficulty of defining a measure of performance (what is the exact definition of sensation?) but also to the constrained robot motion (multiple level of constraints: position, speed and acceleration) and to its nonlinear dynamics. Once all the required notions were set, our approach was tested on a simulator with and without the motion of the base. The results were rich in information: the high and low frequency characterization of the hexapod translation and the tilt coordination respectively, the non causality of the algorithm, the very limited robot capacity and the necessity of using a scaling factor. Two variations of the MPA were then introduced to deal with the last points. Two performance indexes were introduced to measure the quality of simulation in terms of magnitude and profile tracking. In summary, this thesis presents a set of tools that are very useful to study the simulator behavior on typical scenarios and to calibrate the robot or the control algorithm. Two other points where addressed in this dissertation: the redundancy problem and the robust robot control. As for the first point, the MPA shows that, in redundant robots, the rails and the hexapod present overlapping bandwidths in the high frequency domain. So how could we benefit from this redundancy? The exploitation of this capability is currently done by frequency separation methods without taking into account this frequency overlapping. Within this bandwidth, these two degrees of freedom could be considered as equivalent. Our aim is to use this equivalence to improve the motion restitution. We offer two algorithms based on the hybrid systems framework which deal with the longitudinal mode. Their goal is to improve the restitution of motion sensations by reducing false cues (generated by actuators braking) and decreasing null cues (due to actuators blocking). As for the second point, it deals with the tracking control of robot systems in presence of perturbations such as modeling errors and disturbance forces. More specifically, this paper aims at reviewing the well-established Robust Computed Torque (RCT) controller. Designing a RCT scheme consists in both, selecting subclasses of robot models and, establishing conditions on the control parameters leading to the robustness of the system. Generally, it amounts to the elaboration of a gain threshold beyond which robustness is achieved. One challenging problem is to develop the minimum threshold for the less conservative conditions on the control and the model. We had two contributions: The Encompassing Formalization (EF) and a refinement of a former result. The EF is an extension of the RCT formalization based on the Lyapunov direct method developed by Qu and Dawson. Then for the specific RCT scheme (developed by Samson), EF combined with passivity property will be used to elaborate lower gain thresholds. This result is presented as a theorem for which an original proof is proposed. Algorithm, the very limited robot capacity and the necessity of using a scaling factor. Two variations of the MPA were then introduced to deal with the last points. Two performance indexes were introduced to measure the quality of simulation in terms of magnitude and profile tracking. In summary, this thesis presents a set of tools that are very useful to study the simulator behavior on typical scenarios and to calibrate the robot or the control algorithm. Two other points where addressed in this dissertation: the redundancy problem and the robust robot control. As for the first point, the MPA shows that, in redundant robots, the rails and the hexapod present overlapping bandwidths in the high frequency domain. So how could we benefit from this redundancy? The exploitation of this capability is currently done by frequency separation methods without taking into account this frequency overlapping. Within this bandwidth, these two degrees of freedom could be considered as equivalent. Our aim is to use this equivalence to improve the motion restitution. We offer two algorithms based on the hybrid systems framework which deal with the longitudinal mode. Their goal is to improve the restitution of motion sensations by reducing false cues (generated by actuators braking) and decreasing null cues (due to actuators blocking). As for the second point, it deals with the tracking control of robot systems in presence of perturbations such as modeling errors and disturbance forces. More specifically, this paper aims at reviewing the well-established Robust Computed Torque (RCT) controller. Designing a RCT scheme consists in both, selecting subclasses of robot models and, establishing conditions on the control parameters leading to the robustness of the system. Generally, it amounts to the elaboration of a gain threshold beyond which robustness is achieved. One challenging problem is to develop the minimum threshold for the less conservative conditions on the control and the model. We had two contributions: The Encompassing Formalization (EF) and a refinement of a former result. The EF is an extension of the RCT formalization based on the Lyapunov direct method developed by Qu and Dawson. Then for the specific RCT scheme (developed by Samson), EF combined with passivity property will be used to elaborate lower gain thresholds. This result is presented as a theorem for which an original proof is proposed
Tay, Meng Keat. "Analyses des scènes dynamiques: Application à l´assistance à la conduite." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0168.
Full textThe development of autonomous vehicles garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The interest for automotive industries is to produce safer and more user friendly cars. A common reason behind most traffic accidents is the failure on the part of the driver to adequately monitor the vehicle's surroundings. In this thesis we address the problem of estimating the collision risk for a vehicle for the next few seconds in urban traffic conditions. Current commercially available crash warning systems are usually equipped with radar based sensors on the front, rear or sides to measure the velocity and distance to obstacles. The algorithms for determining the risk of collision are based on variants of time-to-collision (TTC). However, it might be misleading in situations where the roads are curved and the assumption that motion is linear does not hold. In these situations, the risk tends to be underestimated. Furthermore, instances of roads which are not straight can be commonly found in urban environments, like the roundabout or cross junctions. An argument of this thesis is that simply knowing that there is an object at a certain location at a specific instance in time does not provide sufficient information to asses its safety. A framework for understanding behaviours of vehicle motion is indispensable. In addition, environmental constraints should be taken into account especially for urban traffic environments. A bottom up approach towards the final goal of constructing a model to estimate the risk of collision for a vehicle is presented. The simpler case of “free” motion is first presented. The thesis then proposes to take collision risk estimation further by being more “environmentally aware” where environmental structures and constraints are explicitly taken into account for urban traffic scenarios. This thesis proposes a complete probabilistic model motion at the trajectory level based the Gaussian Process (GP). Its advantage over current methods is that it is able to express future motion independently of state space discretization. Driving behaviours are modelled with a variant of the Hidden Markov Model. The combination of these two models provides a complete probabilistic model for vehicle evolution in time. Additionally a general method of probabilistically evaluating collision risk is presented, where different forms of risk values with different semantics can be obtained, depending on its applications
Techer, Franck. "Impact de la colère sur l'attention, le traitement de l'information et les performances en conduite simulée." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2014/document.
Full textAnger is an emotional state that may lead to an aggressive behavior, a reduction of risk perception and an increase of driving offences. Some of these effects may be imputable to an impaired perception or a distraction related to anger. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of anger on attention and its impacts on driving performances. The first study revealed that anger may improve the alerting network efficiency as measured with a computer task. A second experimentation aimed at observing the presence of such effect during a simulated driving task, using behavioral and electroencephalographic data. Results indicate that anger disrupted lateral control while reducing the attentional resources invested in sensorial processing of information. Finally, the third study, also on simulator, showed that anger may alter the reactivity during a car-following situation, while positively impacting pedestrian detection. These thesis results may confirm the importance to consider driver’s internal state when designing future vehicles or assistance systems
Lecocq, Pascal. "Simulation d'éclairage temps réel par des sources lumineuses mobiles et statiques : outils pour la simulation de conduite." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0122.
Full textLammens, Jean-Michel. "Simulation des systèmes complexes : contribution théorique et méthodologique." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0008.
Full textCoeugnet, Stéphanie. "La pression temporelle dans les environnements dynamiques : le cas de la conduite automobile." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651328.
Full textDuviella, Eric. "Conduite réactive des systèmes dynamiques étendus à retards variables : cas des réseaux hydrographiques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010309.
Full textDuviella, Eric Charbonnaud Philippe. "Conduite réactive des systèmes dynamiques étendus à retards variables cas des réseaux hydrographiques /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000164.
Full textYousfi, Elsa. "Conscience de la situation et performance de conduite lors de la reprise en main en conduite automobile déléguée." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080098.
Full textThis thesis takes place in a context of conditional driving automation development which allows drivers to delegate vehicle control and to focus attention on on-board activities, thus lowering his/her situation awareness. Driver dynamically adapt his/her decision making to context constrains based on situation awareness. In cases which involves a take-over request, drivers will have to retake vehicle control and reconstruct their situation awareness in order to guarantee safety. Moreover, previous studies highlight driving performance deterioration if the takeover context involves a critical event. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the active reconstruction of situation awareness and driving performance during manual take-over. The situations studied changes according to the critical event proposed and the budget time granted to the driver to resume control. Data from questionnaires, driving performance and eye-tracking were analyzed. A driving performance deterioration and lower situation awareness are observed following manual take-over. Moreover, results revealed interactions, modulated by budget time, between the active reconstruction of situation awareness and manual take-over strategies. Results are discussed to contribute to manual take-over models and in light of their implications for automated functions conception
Etienne, Virginie. "Fonctions exécutives et conduite automobile : étude dans le vieillissement normal et dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/etienne_v.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the particular role played by the executive functioning in the driving activity. The objectives of this research were indeed to study how the executive functions would evolve in normal cognitive aging and in the early stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and then to study how these evolutions can be evaluated in driving situations. This study took place in the theoretical frame suggested by Miyake et al. (2000). Indeed, our methodology consisted in a neuropsychological evaluation of three executive components, mental flexibility, updating and inhibition. This neuropsychological evaluation was combined with an experiment in a driving simulator. We developed four driving scenarios Each one evaluated one of the three executive components and the fourth one was a natural driving situation, with left turning intersections. However, in reality, this situation of left turning is a situation which is particularly dangerous for older drivers. The results indicated that the three executive components did not change in a similar way in normal aging, which would preserve for a certain time the mental flexibility. In AD, the three executive components were impaired. In addition, the driving experiments indicated similar and correlated results to those obtained with the neuropsychological evaluations. The driving situations developed in the simulator are thus relevant for the evaluation of the three executive components in an ecological manner. Lastly, the results of the fourth driving experiment showed that the executive components are essential to drive safely. Finally, this study offers future research possibilities concerning the improvement of our knowledge on driving cognitive functioning. Interesting prospects are also offered concerning the possibilities, not only for evaluation, but also for driving readaptation
Rajaonah, Bako. "Rôle de la confiance de l'opérateur dans son interaction avec une machine autonome sur la coopération humain-machine." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082588.
Full textLacroix, Benoit. "Normer pour mieux varier ? La différenciation comportementale par les normes, et son application au trafic dans les simulateurs de conduite." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00527846.
Full textLacroix, Benoît. "Normer pour mieux varier ? : la différenciation comportementale par les normes, et son application au trafic dans les simulateurs de conduite." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835831.
Full textCorneloup, Valentin. "Apprentissage et évaluation des compétences de conduite de haut niveau en réalité virtuelle : utilisation des simulateurs de conduite pour mesurer et développer les compétences perceptives et cognitives des conducteurs novices." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB042.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to gather knowledge about how higher order driving skills are acquired during first times of autonomous driving, as well as of how virtual reality and simulation tools can be used for assessment and learning of those skills fornovice drivers. Access to driving is an important step toward emancipation for young adults. However, young drivers are 3 to 4 times more likely to die in a car accident compared to older drivers (McCartt, Shabanova, & Leaf, 2003). This higher risk decreases rapidly during the first 6 to 8 months, or thousand of miles of autonomous driving (Gregersen et al., 2000; McCartt et al., 2003). During those first times, novice drivers would acquire safety and efficiency crucial higher order driving skills (Hatakka et al., 2002). Higher Order Driving skills include perceptive and cognitive skills that are necessary for assessment of (perception, comprehension, projection) and decision making in, normal and/or risky driving situations (Deery, 1999). Those skills are by far the most involved in novice drivers' higher risk (Braitman et al., 2008). Plus, they are quite overlooked during driver training (Assailly, 2013, 2016). Three studies have been conducted for our objective. A first paradigme uses semi-directed interviews with novice drivers (study 1) to show that perceptive and cognitive skills are acquired through a "learning by doing" process during the first moments of autonomous driving. Characteristics of involved situations include dynamic, complex and somewhat unexpected events. A second paradigm including a full-scale simulator and oculometry (study 2), uses this kind of situations to assess drivers perceptive and cognitive skills. Results show the importance of context in skills measurements. Indeed, different types of situations involve different types of perceptive and cognitive skills. Results also identify novel indicators of skills acquisition that permits precise measurements of decision-making driving skills. A last paradigm uses a medium-fidelity simulator to compare two learning protocols of perceptive and cognitive skills. Results show that simple, immediate retroactions, using textual explanations of learning situations, are effective for skills improvement. Based on these results, recommendations will be produced to improve driving simulator's efficiency for training. On a theoretical standpoint, this work first increases knowledge about learning mechanisms of higher order driving skills. Second, this work also suggests several updates of perceptive and cognitive skills models
Yacef, Kalina. "Vers un assistant tutoriel intelligent pour la formation d'opérateurs de systèmes complexes et dynamiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05S017.
Full textSuard, Frédéric. "Méthodes à noyaux pour la détection de piétons." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375617.
Full textGonzalez, Mendoza Miguel. "Surveillance temps-réel des systèmes Homme-Machine : application à l'assistance à la conduite automobile." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0026.
Full textOur work is within the framework of human-machine systems monitoring, in which the human operator is an element of decision in the loop. This type of systems requires a global automated real-time monitoring, including the detection of technical hitches and human faults. Assuming the technological part works "correctly" and/or that it is supervised by a diagnosis system, we are centered on the human operator part, the most critical to supervise. We present a diagnosis system applied to driver's monitoring based on information provided by onboard sensors. This work has been developed in the framework of the European project AWAKE and the national project "factors of vigilance degradation and safety in transports" of PREDIT. We propose a general strategy of real-time system for monitoring the level of vigilance of the driver (slow dynamics) and the monitoring of the level of risk related to the current situation (instantaneous dynamics), through: Temporal and frequential analysis of mechanical signals (performance measures) by wavelets and filters, to extract dynamic, statistical and frequential characteristics of driving degradation, SVM learning, for which we developed adapted implementation strategies for an on-line learning and large-scale problems, FIS fusion, in order to exploit the human expertise and to produce a diagnosis of the level of risk related to lane departure. Validation of such an approach through EEG and EOG (physiological measurements) and self evaluations (subjective measurements). We apply this methodology to various experiments under the framework of AWAKE and PREDIT carried out in simulators or demonstrators
Palat, Blazej. "Études déclaratives et comportementales (simulateur) de la prise de décision aux feux tricolores : interactions entre facteurs socio-psychologiques et et contextuels." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/181611775#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textYellow and red light running is an important cause of intersection crashes. These behaviors are more or less deliberate and influenced by different contexts. The aim of this PhD was to study factors involved in the decision making dealing with traffic lights. We examined how car drivers negotiate between safety, respect of the rules, and reducing waiting time. This thesis comprised an introduction followed by two main parts. The first part exposed theories of motivation, decision making, and time and space perception which gave the basis for the empirical research. It ended with a presentation of the problem section. The second part comprised four studies. The first one, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985), examined the predictors of the intention to run the yellow light. Next studies, carried out on driving simulator, investigated the influence of (study 2) social and personal context on drivers’ behavior at traffic lights, and (study 3) of stopping at lights on the travel time perception as well as the consequences of this perception for drivers’ behavior at traffic lights and for the route choice. The fourth study focused on the use of the numerosity heuristic in the choice between two itineraries depending on the number of traffic lights and the probability of stopping at the lights. For finishing this work, the results obtained were discussed and limits of the studies carried out were commented before drawing a final conclusion
MOHAMAD, YUSOFF Norhasliza. "Détection visuelle et cognitive de la distraction en situation de conduite par signal EEG." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0051.
Full textDriving distraction shift the attention away from safe driving towards a competing task. Dual task paradigm defines distraction in terms of excessive workload and limited attentional resources. To fill the gap in driver’s safety research, the thesis aims to uncover the mechanics of detecting visual cognitive distraction by using physiological signals. There are 2 sets of experiments conducted with 18 participants. The first experiment with 10 participants aims at evaluating the effects of distraction and synchronising EEG signals. For statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilk test and two-way ANOVA have been used. The results state that the two visual cognitive distraction tasks are performed sequentially and reaction time is affected by the switch. For the second experiment with 8 participants, an integrated system has been created in C++, which involves a 4-wall CAVE system, a driving simulator using SCANeR simulation software, a simple EEG headset with 20 channels (Enobio 20), SMI Eye tracker, BeGaze software. As qualitative methods, SSQ and NASA TLX have been used to evaluate user feedback. As quantitative methods, maths equations, eye movements, EEG signals, and driving performance have been used. For data analysis, Matlab and SPSS and for statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilk test and one-way ANOVA have been used. The results indicate that experiment demands mental capacity, rather than physical capacity. Delta band frequencies in frontal lobe of EEG signals do not have a significant impact on discriminating between driving and distraction, but delta and theta band at central and parietal do. The results also revealed that theta and alpha band frequencies are indeed an important features in both experiments. In a task where subject can control when they are engaging towards the secondary task, beta band showed its statistical importance being the only one able to discriminate up to different level of cognitive tasks. The most striking similarity between both experiments were, some of the statistically significant features are overlapped between brain regions. A comparative analysis of machine learning techniques (SVMs vs Random Forests) in selecting relevant features of EEG signals, referring to the coherence values, has also been conducted. Results indicate that although in general random forests perform better than SVM classifier, F1-score for SVM demonstrates the highest scores (0.90)
Hay, Marion. "Effets d'un entraînement cognitif et d'une immersion en réalité virtuelle sur la cognition et la conduite automobile des seniors." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3006.
Full textThe main objective of this dissertation was to assess the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive training program, combined or not with a driving simulator immersion, on calibration, cognitive and driving performances and subjective well-being of 88 drivers aged 70 and older who were over or under-estimators of their cognitive abilities. Weekly interventions were conducted during three months. An active control group was engaged in a reading magazine activity. Our results show that the cognitive training and the active control activity both improved visual selective attention abilities and driving style (regarding speed adaptation and safety distances). Almost half of the sample (41/88, with 2/3 who were under-estimators), corrected their calibration bias. The driving simulator immersion did not influence the transfer of cognitive training benefits on road. The benefits of the intervention on the self-regulation process to promote the preservation of the driving activity in safe conditions, which is essential for the successful ageing, are discussed. The second objective was to assess the effectiveness of a countermeasure to reduce the simulator sickness, which is a major limitation to the driving simulator use for the older drivers. The effects of the neck galvanic cutaneous stimulation were assessed and did not reduce simulator sickness symptoms of older drivers, contrarily to young drivers. New research avenues are suggested in order to consider the driving simulator as an intervention tool to promote the driving safety
Deniaud, Christophe. "Optimiser la validité des comportements observés sur simulateur de conduite : étude des interactions entre immersion, présence et comportement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0640/document.
Full textDriving simulators make it possible to study human behavior in different experimentally determined conditions. A major benefit of simulation is that it does not expose the subject to an objective risk and that test conditions are "easily" implemented and manipulated. The use of simulation nevertheless raises the question of the generalization and transposition of the behaviors observed in simulation to the actual driving situation. Indeed, it is necessary to ensure that the simulator accurately measures the object of study without modifying or influencing it. Assessing the degree of validity is therefore crucial in any simulator study that seeks to create realistic driver behaviors. The postulate of our work is therefore based on the idea that presence is a key concept for assessing the representativeness of driving behaviors observed in simulation. However, several difficulties will have to be solved. One of the most crucial is the fact that presence is difficult to measure in real time because the very fact of trying to measure it can break the more or less existing presence state. Thus, to obtain behavioral indicators of presence is a real challenge to characterize the nature of a phenomenon which at present is more fantasized by post-experimental measures than concretely demonstrated by the demonstration of specific reproducible behaviors
Coué, Christophe. "Modèle bayésien pour l'analyse multimodale d'environnements dynamiques et encombrés : application à l'assistance à la conduite en milieu urbain." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0110.
Full textArzur, Fabien. "Développement de simulateurs de cibles pour radars automobiles 77 GHz." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0082.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis concerns the development of an automotive radar target simulator for 77 GHz radar sensors. In order to continue offering safer vehicles, manufacturers develop more and more performant ADAS systems. We are witnessing a democratization of automotive radar sensors for adaptive cruise control and collision warning. The generalization of such systems on standard cars will require an increased use of test devices both at the manufacturers and in technical control centers. To test and calibrate radars, it is necessary to use Radar Target Simulators (RTS). These devices enable to simulate situations encountered by the radar. Furthermore, these scenarios are becoming increasingly complex with the arrival of autonomous vehicles. A target is defined by three parameters: distance, velocity and radar cross-section (RCS). In order to meet drastic requirements, ZF TRW Autocruise develops its own RTS for production test benches and R&D. RTS must adapt to all radars within a 76 – 81 GHz frequency band, with different modulations and a frequency bandwidth higher than 800 MHz. The system must present the advantages of being a low-cost system, with small dimensions and flexible to be integrated in different applications. The major blocking point is the design of a reconfigurable delay line, able to simulate distances between 1 m and 250 m with a resolution of 0.2 m on a large frequency band and also allowing control of RCS. A compromise will have to be found in order to meet the different specifications. The study showed the impossibility to cover the entire range of distances with one single technology. A hybrid architecture is necessary. A hybrid, tunable, wideband delay line is at study
Nehaoua, Lamri. "Conception et réalisation d’une plateforme mécatronique dédiée à la simulation de conduite des véhicules deux-roues motorisés." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0045/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design and realization of a dynamic mechanical platform intended to the motorcycle riding simulation. This dissertation is organized into several principal sections. First, a literature review is conducted to identify the driving simulation problematic in a general way by focusing on the simulator design. In this part, it was aware of the various mechanical architectures used previously as well as the related limitations. The choice of the simulator‘s mechanical architecture of is driven by the needs to have an sufficient perception during simulated driving situation. Our goal is to reproduce the most relevant inertial effects (acceleration, torque, ..) perceived in a real world driving. The second chapter discusses an exhaustive comparison between automotive vehicles dynamics against the two-wheeled vehicles against. Existing motorcycles dynamic models are adjusted and of have been adapted to meet our needs in terms of privileged inertial cues. The third chapter presents the design aspects, mechanical realization, characterization and identification of the motorcycle simulator developed within the framework of this thesis. It constitutes the main contribution of this research works. Finally, the last two chapters are dedicated to motion cueing /control algorithms and open-loop experimentation on the simulator’s platform. These tests were performed for the characterization and validation of performance of the entire simulation loop
Tremblay, Maxime. "Speed-Q Description du Trafic Environnant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28649/28649.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this project is to describe the traffic present in the real world of a simulator user so that the virtual environment is more adapted to him. A vehicle equipped with non-overlapping-view cameras is lent to the simulator’s future user so that he can use it in his driving environment. These collected data will be analyzed using detecting and tracking algorithms. The selected detector uses Haarlike features combined with boosted cascaded decision trees. Those detectors have a high training complexity, but produce good results for rigid objects. Tracking is carried out by the matching of SIFT feature points. The research emphasis was put on the development of the detection and tracking framework. The system performs relatively well for the detection and the tracking on medium and large objects, but shows some weakness to detect or track small objects and to track a pose changing object.