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Journal articles on the topic 'Simulated physiological solution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kocijan, A., I. Milošev, D. K. Merl, and B. Pihlar. "Electrochemical Study of Co-Based Alloys in Simulated Physiological Solution." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 34, no. 5 (May 2004): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jach.0000021868.10122.96.

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2

Frangini, S., Corrado Piconi, A. di Bartolomeo, and Giuseppe Magnani. "Transformation Kinetics of Y-TZP Zirconia Ceramics in Simulated Physiological Solution." Key Engineering Materials 192-195 (September 2000): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.192-195.557.

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3

Pound, Bruce G. "Electrochemical behavior of cobalt-chromium alloys in a simulated physiological solution." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 94A, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32684.

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4

Bahraminasab, Marjan, Mansoor Bozorg, Somaye Ghaffari, and Fatemeh Kavakebian. "Corrosion of Al2O3-Ti composites under inflammatory condition in simulated physiological solution." Materials Science and Engineering: C 102 (September 2019): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.047.

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5

Cantuária Figueiredo, Josiane, Elson Junior Souza da Silva, Jorge Luiz Rodrigues Barbosa, Jéssica Mengue Rolim, Amanda Martins Silva, and Lilian Vanussa Madruga de Tunes. "Physiological performance of common bean seeds of the black commercial group under saline stress." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n2.a430.

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Saline stress is a condition that causes changes in physiological performance in several species and even in cultivars of the same species. Thus, this studyaimed to evaluate the physiological performance of black bean cultivars to salt stress. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a factorial scheme with two cultivars (Mataço and BRS Paisano) and five osmotic potentials simulated with sodium chloride solutions (control = 0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6 and -0.8 MPa), in four replications of 50 seeds per treatment. The variables related to germination, first germination count, germination speed index, and shoot length were evaluated. There were significant interactions (p <0.05) for all variables analyzed. In general, it is concluded that the physiological performance of the seeds of black bean cultivars is affected under simulated saline stress by NaCl solution with an osmotic potential below -0.2 MPa.
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Yazdani, Meghdad, Abdollah Afshar, Namdar Mohammadi, and Behrooz Paranj. "Electrochemical evaluation of AZ 31 magnesium alloy in two simulated biological solutions." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-02-2016-1649.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of AZ31 alloy as a prospective biomedical implant in two different simulated biological solutions and various immersion times. Design/methodology/approach Results of electrochemical experiments indicated that corrosion resistance of specimens immersed for 24 h was superior, suggesting that the surface layer is capable of protecting alloy. Findings Scanning electron micrographs revealed that this layer abounds with cracks, exhibiting optimum quality in 24 h immersion time, after which it begins to develop corrosion pits. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis suggested that the layer is mainly composed of magnesium hydroxide with precipitates of P and Ca containing species present on its surface, which is an indication of biocompatibility. Originality/value Finally, corrosion performance of Mg alloy was found to be slightly better in Lac-simulated biological solution (SBF) solution, which is more representative of actual physiological environment as compared to conventional SBF solutions.
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7

Silva, R. A., M. A. Barbosa, R. Vilar, O. Conde, M. Da Cunha Belo, and I. Sutherland. "Electrochemical studies of laser-treated Co-Cr-Mo alloy in a simulated physiological solution." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 5, no. 6-7 (June 1994): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00058962.

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8

Cvijović-Alagić, I., S. Laketić, J. Bajat, A. Hohenwarter, and M. Rakin. "Grain refinement effect on the Ti-45Nb alloy electrochemical behavior in simulated physiological solution." Surface and Coatings Technology 423 (October 2021): 127609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127609.

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9

Pohrelyuk, I. M., O. V. Tkachuk, and R. V. Proskurnyak. "Corrosion Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Nitride Coatings in Simulated Body Fluids at 36∘C and 40∘C." ISRN Corrosion 2013 (February 11, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/241830.

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Nitride coatings were formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by thermodiffusion treatment. The corrosion-electrochemical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with nitride coatings I and II was investigated in physiological solutions (0.9% NaCl and Tyrode's) at temperatures of 36∘C and 40∘C. It is determined that nitride coating I provides Ti-6Al-4V alloy the higher corrosion resistance in Tyrode's solution at both temperatures of solution while nitride coating II in isotonic 0.9% NaCl.
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10

Izquierdo, Javier, Daniel Mareci, Georgiana Bolat, Juan J. Santana, Raquel Rodríguez-Raposo, Luis C. Fernández-Mérida, Liviu Burtan, Lucia C. Trincă, and Ricardo M. Souto. "Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Biomedical Zr-Ti Alloys Using a Thermal Oxidation Treatment." Metals 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020166.

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Binary Zr-Ti alloys spontaneously develop a tenacious and compact oxide layer when their fresh surface is exposed either to air or to aqueous environments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of Zr-45Ti, Zr-25Ti, and Zr-5Ti exposed to simulated physiological solutions at 37 °C evidences the formation of a non-sealing bilayer oxide film that accounts for the corrosion resistance of the materials. Unfortunately, these oxide layers may undergo breakdown and stable pitting corrosion regimes at anodic potentials within the range of those experienced in the human body under stress and surgical conditions. Improved corrosion resistance has been achieved by prior treatment of these alloys using thermal oxidation in air. EIS was employed to measure the corrosion resistance of the Zr-Ti alloys in simulated physiological solutions of a wide pH range (namely 3 ≤ pH ≤ 8) at 37 °C, and the best results were obtained for the alloys pre-treated at 500 °C. The formation of the passivating oxide layers in simulated physiological solution was monitored in situ using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), finding a transition from an electrochemically active surface, characteristic of the bare metal, to the heterogeneous formation of oxide layers behaving as insulating surfaces towards electron transfer reactions.
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11

Gavril, L., E. Ghalla, M. Fiseta, and E. J. Knystautas. "Electrochemical Behaviour of Titanium Surface-Alloyed with Palladium and Nitrogen in a Simulated Physiological Solution." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 38, no. 2 (April 1999): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1999.38.2.113.

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12

Milošev, I., and H. H. Strehblow. "The composition of the surface passive film formed on CoCrMo alloy in simulated physiological solution." Electrochimica Acta 48, no. 19 (August 2003): 2767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00396-7.

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13

Milošev, Ingrid, Julija Hmeljak, and Andrej Cör. "Hyaluronic acid stimulates the formation of calcium phosphate on CoCrMo alloy in simulated physiological solution." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 24, no. 3 (December 19, 2012): 555–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4827-8.

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14

Kasuga, Toshihiro, Kenji Nakagawa, Masahiro Yoshida, and Eimei Miyade. "Compositional dependence of formation of an apatite layer on glass-ceramics in simulated physiological solution." Journal of Materials Science 22, no. 10 (October 1987): 3721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01161484.

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15

Haftlang, Farahnaz, Abbas Zarei-Hanzaki, Hamid Reza Abedi, and Mohammad Amin Kalaei. "Tribological Performance and Electrochemical Behavior of Ti‐29Nb‐14Ta‐4.5Zr Alloy in Simulated Physiological Solution." Advanced Engineering Materials 22, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 1900758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201900758.

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16

Gant, Nicholas, Ajmol Ali, and Andrew Foskett. "The Influence of Caffeine and Carbohydrate Coingestion on Simulated Soccer Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.3.191.

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Carbohydrate and caffeine are known to independently improve certain aspects of athletic performance. However, less is understood about physiological and performance outcomes when these compounds are coingested in a rehydration and carbohydrate-replacement strategy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of adding a moderate dose of caffeine to a carbohydrate solution during prolonged soccer activity. Fifteen male soccer players performed two 90-min intermittent shuttle-running trials. They ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CON) providing a total of 1.8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate or a similar solution with added caffeine (CAF; 3.7 mg/kg BM). Solutions were ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during the protocol. Soccer passing skill and countermovement-jump height (CMJ) were quantified before exercise and regularly during exercise. Sprinting performance, heart rate, blood lactate concentration (La) and the subjective experiences of participants were measured routinely. Mean 15-m sprint time was faster during CAF (p = .04); over the final 15 min of exercise mean sprint times were CAF 2.48 ± 0.15 s vs. CON 2.59 ± 0.2 s. Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 ± 5.7 cm, p = .03). Heart rate was elevated throughout CAF, and ratings of pleasure were significantly enhanced. There were no significant differences in passing skill, rating of perceived exertion, La, or body-mass losses between trials. The addition of caffeine to the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved sprinting performance, countermovement jumping, and the subjective experiences of players. Caffeine appeared to offset the fatigue-induced decline in self-selected components of performance.
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17

Hu, Tao, Chenglin Chu, Yunchang Xin, Shuilin Wu, Kelvin W. K. Yeung, and Paul K. Chu. "Corrosion products and mechanism on NiTi shape memory alloy in physiological environment." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 2 (February 2010): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0051.

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Despite many investigations on the corrosion behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) in various simulated physiological solutions by electrochemical measurements, few have reported detailed information on the corrosion products. In the present study, the structure and composition of the corrosion products on NiTi SMAs immersed in a 0.9% NaCl physiological solution are systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that attack by Cl−results in nickel being released into the solution and decrease in the local nickel concentration at the pitting sites. The remaining Ti reacts with dissolved oxygen from the solution to form titanium oxides. After long-term immersion, the corrosion product layer expands over the entire surface and XPS reveals that the layer is composed of TiO2, Ti2O3, and TiO with relatively depleted Ni. The growth rate of the corrosion product layer decreases with immersion time, and the corrosion product layer is believed to impede further corrosion and improve the biocompatibility of NiTi alloy in a physiological environment. It is found that the release rate of nickel is related to the surface structure of the corrosion product layer and immersion time. A corrosion mechanism is proposed to explain the observed results.
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18

Sunil, B., A. Bharat, B. Kumar, R. J. Sarath, P. Akhil, and G. Pradeep Reddy. "Influence of Al Content on the Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys in Simulated Physiological Solution." Journal of Advances in Biomedical Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2015): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/2409-3394.2015.02.02.3.

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19

Milošev, Ingrid, Diana Blejan, Simona Varvara, and Liana Maria Muresan. "Effect of anodic oxidation on the corrosion behavior of Ti-based materials in simulated physiological solution." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 43, no. 7 (May 16, 2013): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-013-0552-3.

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20

TOPTAN, Fatih. "Corrosion and wear behaviour of highly porous Ti-TiB-TiNxin situ composites in simulated physiological solution." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 44, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-2001-40.

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21

Wang, Zhongwei, Yu Yan, and Lijie Qiao. "Effect of deformed subsurface on the corrosion resistance of biomedical CoCrMo alloy in simulated physiological solution." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 27 (June 14, 2020): 13351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04920-z.

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22

Vlad, Luminița, Stan Mitu, and Crina Buhai. "Optimizing the Thermal Physiological Comfort by Introducing Peltier Cells in Simulated Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.792.

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The paper aims to approach in an original manner both the research method and the solution to the problem related to thermal physiological comfort by introducing the Peltier cells in the structure of the clothing product. The special clothing piece studied for tests during wearing is a protective clothing for firefighters; between its layers were introduced temperature and humidity transducers. The electric scheme and the transducers connection scheme, as well as the Peltier cells connection and power scheme were made. The data registration and the graphics were made using the PC-Lab 2000SE software. The experiment included three distinct phases: a rest period of 10 min, physical effort for 20 min which simulates the effort made during an activity specific for firefighters and 10 minutes of rest after this exercise. The temperature and humidity charts were recorded and analyzed for each stage, if the garment is unequipped and then equipped with Peltier cells. If, in the case of physical effort, significant temperature variations in the underclothing environment were noticed, by introducing the Peltier cells, an optimization of the thermal physiological comfort was performed, with implications on the wearers health.
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23

Hornery, Daniel J., Damian Farrow, Iñigo Mujika, and Warren B. Young. "Caffeine, Carbohydrate, and Cooling Use During Prolonged Simulated Tennis." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 4 (December 2007): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.4.423.

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Purpose:To determine the effects of prolonged simulated tennis on performance and the ergogenic potential of caffeine, carbohydrates, and cooling.Methods:Twelve highly trained male tennis players (age 18.3 ± 3.0 y, height 178.8 ± 8.5 cm, body mass 73.95 ± 12.30 kg, mean ± SD) performed 4 simulated matches (2 h 40 min) against a ball machine on an indoor hard court. The counterbalanced experimental trials involved caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg), carbohydrate supplementation (6% solution), precooling and intermittent cooling, and placebo control. Physiological markers (core temperature, heart rate, blood lactate, and blood glucose), subjective responses (ratings of perceived exertion and thermal sensation), stroke velocity and accuracy, serve kinematics, and tennis-specific perceptual skill quantified the efficacy of interventions.Results:Significant effects of time (P < .01) reflected increased physiological demand, reduced serve velocity and ground-stroke velocity and accuracy, and a slowing of the serve racket-arm acceleration phase. Caffeine increased serve velocity (165 ± 15 km/h) in the final set of the match (P = .014) compared with placebo (159 ± 15 km/h, P = .008) and carbohydrate (158 ± 13 km/h, P = .001) conditions. Carbohydrate and cooling conditions afforded physiological advantage (increased blood glucose, P < .01, and reduced preexercise thermal sensation, P < .01) but did not affect performance relative to the placebo condition.Conclusions:Prolonged simulated tennis induced significant decrements in tennis skills. Caffeine supplementation partly attenuated the effects of fatigue and increased serve velocity. In contrast, carbohydrate and cooling strategies had little ergogenic effect on tennis performance.
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García-Galvan, Federico R., Santiago Fajardo, Violeta Barranco, and Sebastián Feliu. "Experimental Apparent Stern–Geary Coefficients for AZ31B Mg Alloy in Physiological Body Fluids for Accurate Corrosion Rate Determination." Metals 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030391.

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The corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy exposed to Ringer’s, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Hank’s, and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions for 4 days was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss, and surface characterization. Changes in corrosion rates with immersion time determined by weight loss measurements were compared with EIS data to determine the possibility of obtaining quantitative electrochemical information. In addition, changes in the protective properties of the corrosion product layer calculated from the EIS parameters were evaluated as a function of their surface chemical composition as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and visual observations of the corroded specimen’s surface. Apparent Stern–Geary coefficients for the AZ31B Mg alloy in each test solution were calculated using the relationship between icorr from weight loss measurements and the EIS data (both Rp and Rt). This provided experimental reference B′ values that may be used as a useful tool in independent investigations to improve the accuracy of corrosion rates of AZ31B Mg alloy in simulated body solutions.
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25

Zheng, Yu Feng, and Bao Lai Wang. "Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of a Beta Titanium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.695.

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Recently, people devote to the development of beta titanium alloys which have better biocompatibility because of the addition of Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr, Sn, et al. In this paper, the effects of heat treatment and cold roll deformation on the mechanical properties of the Ti-11.3Mo-6.6Zr-4.3Sn alloy (TMZS) are investigated by tensile test. The results show that the excellent combination of strength and ductility can be obtained by heat treatment or cold deformation. The TMZS alloy can obtain intermediate modulus, stronger than nickel titanium, weaker than stainless steel. The corrosion resistance of this alloy in the Hank's solution, 0.9% NaCl physiological solution and artificial saliva with different pH values at 37 are investigated by means of open-circuit potential (OCP), Tafel and potentiodynamic anodic polarization techniques. All the test results suggest that the TMZS alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in the three simulated solutions especially in the artificial saliva and has a large potential for biomedical application. In addition, the pH value and simulated solutions have some influence on the corrosion resistance of the TMZS alloy.
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26

Al Disi, Mohammed, Abdullah Alsalemi, Yahya Alhomsi, Fayçal Bensaali, Abbes Amira, and Guillaume Alinier. "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulation-based training: methods, drawbacks and a novel solution." Perfusion 34, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659118802749.

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Introduction: Patients under the error-prone and complication-burdened extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are looked after by a highly trained, multidisciplinary team. Simulation-based training (SBT) affords ECMO centers the opportunity to equip practitioners with the technical dexterity required to manage emergencies. The aim of this article is to review ECMO SBT activities and technology followed by a novel solution to current challenges. ECMO simulation: The commonly-used simulation approach is easy-to-build as it requires a functioning ECMO machine and an altered circuit. Complications are simulated through manual circuit manipulations. However, scenario diversity is limited and often lacks physiological and/or mechanical authenticity. It is also expensive to continuously operate due to the consumption of highly specialized equipment. Technological aid: Commercial extensions can be added to enable remote control and to automate circuit manipulation, but do not improve on the realism or cost-effectiveness. A modular ECMO simulator: To address those drawbacks, we are developing a standalone modular ECMO simulator that employs affordable technology for high-fidelity simulation.
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27

Ramirez, J. L., H. Quintana, G. Galicia, and T. Hernandez. "Electrochemical Evaluation of the Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer as a Detached Film with a Body Simulated Physiological Solution." Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 38, no. 1 (2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4152/pea.202001059.

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28

Ara�jo, M. Alberta, Eug�nio C. Ferreira, Ant�nio M. Cunha, and Manuel Mota. "Determination of diffusion coefficients of glycerol and glucose from starch based thermoplastic compounds on simulated physiological solution." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 16, no. 3 (March 2005): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-005-6685-0.

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29

Cvijović-Alagić, I., Z. Cvijović, S. Mitrović, V. Panić, and M. Rakin. "Wear and corrosion behaviour of Ti–13Nb–13Zr and Ti–6Al–4V alloys in simulated physiological solution." Corrosion Science 53, no. 2 (February 2011): 796–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.11.014.

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30

Arafat, Mosab, Cathrin Kirchhoefer, Momir Mikov, Muhammad Sarfraz, and Raimar Löbenberg. "Nanosized Liposomes Containing Bile Salt: A Vesicular Nanocarrier for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of BCS Class III Drug." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 (August 28, 2017): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3ck88.

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PURPOSE: Liposomes have been studied as a colloidal carrier in drug delivery systems, especially for oral administration. However, their low structural integrity in the gut is still a major shortcoming. Membrane disruptive effects of physiological bile salts in the small intestine result in premature drug release prior to intestinal absorption. Thus, we analyzed the stabilizing effect of sodium deoxycholate when incorporated into nano-sized liposomes. METHOD: Cefotaxime-loaded liposomes were prepared with different sodium deoxycholate concentrations (3.75- 30 mM) by rotary film evaporation followed by nano-size reduction. The physical integrity of liposomes was evaluated by monitoring cefotaxime leakage, particle sizes in different simulated physiological media. The oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime was assessed in rats (n = 6 per group) after single dose of drug-encapsulated in liposomes containing bile salt, drug in conventional liposomes, and cefotaxime solution (oral and intravenous). RESULTS: Simulated gastric fluid with low pH showed less effect on the stability of liposomes in comparison to media containing physiological bile salts. Liposomes containing 15 mM sodium deoxycholate were most stable in size and retained the majority of encapsulated cefotaxime even in fed state of simulated intestinal fluid being the most destructive media. Pharmacokinetics data showed an increase in Cmax and AUC0-inf in the following order: cefotaxime solution < conventional liposomes < liposomes made with bile salts. The total oral bioavailability of cefotaxime in liposomes containing bile salt was found to be 5-times higher compared to cefotaxime solution and twice as much as in conventional liposomes. CONCLUSION: Incorporation of bile salts, initially used as membrane permeation enhancer, also acted as a stabilizer against physiological bile salts. The nano-sized liposomes containing sodium deoxycholate were able to reduce the leakage of encapsulated cefotaxime in the gut due to the improved vesicle stability and to enhance the oral bioavailability of acid-labile drugs up to 5-fold. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Tamam, Evsen, and Ilser Turkyilmaz. "Effects of pH and Elevated Glucose Levels on the Electrochemical Behavior of Dental Implants." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00083.

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Implant failure is more likely to occur in persons with medically compromising systemic conditions, such as diabetes related to high blood glucose levels and inflammatory diseases related to pH levels lower than those in healthy people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lower pH level and simulated- hyperglycemia on implant corrosion as these effects are critical to biocompatibility and osseointegration. The electrochemical corrosion properties of titanium implants were studied in four different solutions: Ringer's physiological solution at pH = 7.0 and pH = 5.5 and Ringer's physiological solution containing 15 mM dextrose at pH = 7 and pH = 5.5. Corrosion behaviors of dental implants were determined by cyclic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Surface alterations were studied using a scanning electron microscope. All test electrolytes led to apparent differences in corrosion behavior of the implants. The implants under conditions of test exhibited statistically significant increases in Icorr from 0.2372 to 1.007 μAcm−2, corrosion rates from 1.904 to 8.085 mpy, and a decrease in polarization resistances from 304 to 74 Ω. Implants in dextrose-containing solutions were more prone to corrosion than those in Ringer's solutions alone. Increasing the acidity also yielded greater corrosion rates for the dextrose-containing solutions and the solutions without dextrose.
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Barry, P. H. "Membrane potential simulation program for IBM-PC-compatible equipment for physiology and biology students." Advances in Physiology Education 259, no. 6 (December 1990): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.1990.259.6.s15.

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MEMPOT is an interactive graphic simulation program, written in Turbo C for IBM-PC-compatible equipment and designed to teach students in the physiological and biological sciences about the measurement and ion dependence of cell membrane potentials. Different external salt solution values can be chosen and an intracellular electrode can be moved on the screen to impale one of a group of cells and measure resting or action potential responses. A simulated voltage-to-frequency audio signal emulates normal experimental audio monitoring of the electrode potential, and a window displays a simulated oscilloscope trace (together with "electrical noise") of the resting or action potential response. The average value of each set of successful impalements is determined for each solution. Once measurements have been made over a suitable range of different solutions, the data can be reentered and plotted graphically on the screen and an interactive approach can be used to determine relative sodium-to-potassium permeabilities at rest or at the action-potential peak. A randomization routine varies permeability ratios within a small range between runs.
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Norudin, Norsyazwani Solehah, Hajaratul Najwa Mohamed, and Nor Aisyah Mat Yahya. "Alginate-Inulin Hydrogel: Synthesis and Development for Targeted Delivery of Protein." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 4954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8547.

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Recently, a lot of strategies have been developed to enhance oral protein delivery. The combination of biodegradable polymer which is alginate-inulin as the material for hydrogel matrices was studied as a carrier of BSA which was used as a model protein. The effects of different formulations on the BSA release profile in physiological saline was investigated. Meanwhile, the compatibility of protein and polymer was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. High BSA encapsulation efficiency was found with the increase of inulin amount in the hydrogel matrices. The BSA release pattern showed that the minor released of BSA in simulated gastric fluid, SGF pH (1.2) throughout 2 hours’ incubation and after changing the solution into simulated intestinal fluid, SIF pH (7.4) the protein release started to increase gradually up to 100% within 90 minutes. Incorporation of inulin in the alginate beads also resulted in improved BSA release in physiological saline solution. In addition, swelling behavior revealed that highest swelling rate of hydrogel was in alkali solution indicating that alginate-inulin hydrogels were influenced by the pH of test medium. The FT-IR results show that encapsulating matrices are compatible with protein and can be used as drug carrier. Therefore, the alginate-inulin hydrogel showing a good efficiency in oral administration of protein drug.
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34

Chelariu, R., L. C. Trinca, C. Munteanu, G. Bolat, D. Sutiman, D. Mareci, and R. M. Souto. "Corrosion behavior of new quaternary ZrNbTiAl alloys in simulated physiological solution using electrochemical techniques and surface analysis methods." Electrochimica Acta 248 (September 2017): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.157.

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35

Guo, S. F., Y. Wang, X. L. Li, B. D. Xie, and X. X. Yu. "Effect of Cd2+ on the Electrochemical Activity and Spectroscopic Property of Horseradish Peroxidase in the Simulated Physiological Solution." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 7 (2013): 3839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13809.

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36

Krajewski, A., A. Ravaglioli, B. Fabbri, and C. B. Azzoni. "Doping influence on the interaction between a bioactive glass and a simulated physiological solution: Chemical and EPR tests." Journal of Materials Science 22, no. 4 (April 1987): 1228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01233113.

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37

Peláez-Abellán, E., L. Rocha-Sousa, W. D. Müller, and A. C. Guastaldi. "Electrochemical stability of anodic titanium oxide films grown at potentials higher than 3V in a simulated physiological solution." Corrosion Science 49, no. 3 (March 2007): 1645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.08.010.

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38

Kocijan, Aleksandra, Marjetka Conradi, and Peter M. Schön. "Austenitic and duplex stainless steels in simulated physiological solution characterized by electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 100B, no. 3 (February 14, 2012): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.32513.

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39

Song, Guang Ling. "Control of Degradation of Biocompatible Magnesium in a Pseudo-Physiological Environment by a Ceramic Like Anodized Coating." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.95.

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Magnesium alloys are potential biodegradable implant materials. However, magnesium alloys normally corrode rapidly in the in-vivo fluid, resulting in subcutaneous gas bubbles and alkalisation of the in-vivo solution. The paper presents a new approach to control the degradation rate of magnesium in a simulated body fluid (SBF) through employing a recently developed anodising technique. It was found that the ceramic like anodised coating formed on the surface of magnesium can effectively slow down the biodegradation process and hence result in slow hydrogen evolution and solution alkalisation processes. The results imply that an anodised magnesium alloy may be successfully used as a biodegradable implant material.
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40

Patyka, V., H. Huliaieva, I. Tokovenko, V. Maksin, and V. Kaplunenko. "Physiological effect of citrate chelate nanoparticles on plants of wheat." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2017): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.02.028.

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Aim. Complex study on the physiological effect of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper on spring wheat plants under presowing soaking of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, bio- physical, microbiological, statistical. Results. The data on the physiological effect of the presowing soaking of seeds in the solutions of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper on growth processes and photochemical activity of leaves in laboratory conditions have been studied, analyzed, and summarized along with the effect of foliar treatment of spring wheat plants using the solutions of nanoparticles, and simulated phytoplasma (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum st. 118) on the elements of the performance of spring wheat plants in fi eld conditions. It was demonstrated that there was a considerable stimulating effect of presowing soaking of wheat seeds in 0.5 % and 1 % solutions of nanocomposites on the growth of leaves and mass accumulation of 6–7-day old sprouts. A considerable increase in the photochemical activity of the leaves of 7-day-old sprouts was found after presowing soaking in 0.5 % and 1 % solu- tions of nanocomposites which is in good agreement with the activation of growth processes. The negative effect of phytopathogens on the elements of grain productivity, fullness of grain in particular, was reduced in fi led conditions when wheat plants were infected and then treated with nanocomposites, though there was a weak phytotoxic effect of foliar treatment of intact plants with 1 % solution. Conclusions. A considerable stimulating physiological effect on the growth of leaves and mass accumulation of 6–7-day-old sprouts was established after the presowing soaking of spring wheat plants in 1 % and 0.5 % solutions of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper. The increase in photochemical activity was noted in the leaves of 7-day-old wheat plants in these conditions, namely, the increase in photochemistry effi ciency PSII, considerable decrease in stationary fl uorescence and considerable – almost trip- le – increase in the value of induction coeffi cient Ki (correlating with the activity of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPco)) which testifi es to the increase in the intensity of photosynthetic processes in the leaf apparatus of juvenile wheat plants. The fi eld experiment established that infecting wheat plants with phytoplasma (A. laidlawii) resulted in the reduction of the grain productivity indices: the weight of 1,000 grains and grain productivity in g/plant – by 14.6 and 35.5 % respectively, whereas treating with 1 % solution of silver and copper nanocomposites inhibited this process to some extent, promoting the increase in these parameters almost to the control level. The treatment of infected plants with nanoparticles led to a notable increase in the percentage of full grains. There was a weak phytotoxic effect after foliar treatment of intact wheat plants using nanocomposite solution.
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41

Mareci, D., L. C. Trincă, D. Căilean, and R. M. Souto. "Corrosion resistance of ZrTi alloys with hydroxyapatite-zirconia-silver layer in simulated physiological solution containing proteins for biomaterial applications." Applied Surface Science 389 (December 2016): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.046.

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42

Geary, Greg G., Diana N. Krause, Ralph E. Purdy, and Sue P. Duckles. "Simulated microgravity increases myogenic tone in rat cerebral arteries." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 1615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.5.1615.

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Adaptation of the cerebral circulation to microgravity was investigated in rat middle cerebral arteries after 20 days of hindlimb unweighting (HU). Myogenic responses were measured in isolated, pressurized arteries from HU and control animals. Maximal passive lumen diameters, obtained in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ plus EDTA, were not significantly different between groups (249 vs. 258 μm). In physiological salt solution, arteries from both HU and control animals maintained a constant lumen diameter when subjected to incremental increases in transmural pressure (20–80 mmHg). However, the diameter of arteries from HU animals was significantly smaller than that of arteries from control animals at all pressures; this difference could be eliminated by exposure to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. After HU treatment, transient distensibility of the artery wall in response to pressure was also significantly decreased, whereas the frequency and amplitude of vasomotion were increased. The latter changes were not affected by N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Thus simulated microgravity increases cerebral artery myogenic tone through both nitric oxide synthase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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43

Głąb, Magdalena, Anna Drabczyk, Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk, Martin Duarte Guigou, Agnieszka Makara, Paweł Gajda, Josef Jampilek, and Bożena Tyliszczak. "Starch Solutions Prepared under Different Conditions as Modifiers of Chitosan/Poly(aspartic acid)-Based Hydrogels." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 4443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164443.

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Recently, there has been great interest in the application of polysaccharides in the preparation of diverse biomaterials which result from their biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity. In this work, the investigations on chitosan/poly(aspartic acid)-based hydrogels modified with starch were described. Firstly, a series of hydrogel matrices was prepared and investigated to characterize their swelling properties, structure via FT-IR spectroscopy, elasticity and tensile strength using the Brookfield texture analyzer as well as their impact on simulated physiological liquids. Hydrogels consisting of chitosan and poly(aspartic acid) in a 2:1 volume ratio were elastic (9% elongation), did not degrade after 30-day incubation in simulated physiological liquids, exhibited a relative biocompatibility towards these liquids and similar swelling in each absorbed medium. This hydrogel matrix was modified with starch wherein two of its form were applied—a solution obtained at an elevated temperature and a suspension obtained at room temperature. Hydrogels modified with hot starch solution showed higher sorption that unmodified materials. This was probably due to the higher starch inclusion (i.e., a larger number of hydrophilic groups able to interact with the adsorbed liquid) when this polysaccharide was given in the form of a hot solution. Hydrogels modified with a cold starch suspension had visible heterogeneous inequalities on their surfaces and this modification led to the obtainment materials with unrepeatable structures which made the analysis of their properties difficult and may have led to misleading conclusions.
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44

Feher, J. J., C. S. Fullmer, and R. H. Wasserman. "Role of facilitated diffusion of calcium by calbindin in intestinal calcium absorption." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 262, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): C517—C526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.2.c517.

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Computer simulations of transcellular Ca2+ transport in enterocytes were carried out using the simulation program SPICE. The program incorporated a negative-feedback entry of Ca2+ at the brush-border membrane that was characterized by an inhibitor constant of 0.5 microM cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]). The basolateral Ca(2+)-ATPase was simulated by a four-step mechanism that resulted in Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Michaelis constant of 0.24 microM [Ca2+]. The cytosolic diffusion of Ca2+ was simulated by dividing the cytosol into 10 slabs of equal width. Ca2+ binding to calbindin-D9K was simulated in each slab, and diffusion of free Ca2+, free calbindin, and Ca(2+)-laden calbindin was simulated between each slab. The cytosolic [Ca2+] of the simulated cells was regulated within the physiological range. Calbindin-D9K reduced the cytosolic [Ca2+] gradient, increased Ca2+ entry into the cell by removing the negative-feedback inhibition of Ca2+ entry, increased cytosolic Ca2+ flow, and increased the efflux of Ca2+ across the basolateral membrane by increasing the free [Ca2+] immediately adjacent to the pump. The enhancement of transcellular Ca2+ transport was nearly linearly dependent on calbindin-D9K concentration. The values of the dissociation constant (Kd) for calbindin-D9K were previously obtained experimentally in the presence and absence of KCl. Calbindin with the Kd obtained in the presence of KCl enhanced the simulated Ca2+ transport more than with the Kd obtained in the absence of KCl. This result suggests that the physiological Kd of calbindin is optimal for the enhancement of transcellular Ca2+ transport. The simulated Ca2+ flow was less than that predicted from the "near-equilibrium" analytic solution of the reaction-diffusion problem.
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45

Venkateswarlu, K., N. Rameshbabu, Arumugam Chandra Bose, V. Muthupandi, and S. Subramanian. "Studies on Development, Bioactivity and Corrosion Behaviour of Nanostructured Titania/Hydroxyapatite Composite Layer on Cp Ti." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.325.

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Nanostructured titania/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite layer was developed on commercially pure titanium (Cp Ti) implant material by plasma electrolytic processing (PEP) technique in order to improve its bioactivity and corrosion resistance under physiological conditions. The phases present in the developed composite layer were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The surface morphology and thickness of the composite layers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion characteristics of the developed layer were studied by potentiodynamic polarization scan under simulated body fluid (7.4 pH Hanks solution) and simulated osteoclast (4.5 pH) conditions. The in-vitro bioactivity of the composite layers was studied by using Kokubu’s simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The X-ray diffractograms reveal the presence of anatase TiO2 and HA phases in the developed layer. The SEM results confirm the pore-free morphology of the implant material surface and the thickness of the developed composite layer was observed to be 110 ± 5 µm for 12 min of PEP. The potentiodynamic polarization study shows an improved corrosion resistance and the in-vitro bioactivity test results indicate enhanced apatite forming ability of PEP treated Cp Ti surfaces compared to that of the untreated Cp Ti, under simulated body fluid conditions.
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46

Ballal, Nidambur Vasudev, Anja Ivica, Pamela Meneses, Raj Kumar Narkedamalli, Thomas Attin, and Matthias Zehnder. "Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102531.

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The addition of Dual Rinse HEDP, an etidronate powder, to a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution can create a combined single endodontic irrigant with a soft tissue-dissolving and a decalcifying effect, which can replace traditional alternating irrigation with chemically non-compatible solutions. While the short-term compatibility between NaOCl and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) has been shown, it remains unclear whether ultrasonic activation of a combined NaOCl & HEDP solution immediately reduces the available chlorine and/or renders the NaOCl ineffective in dissolving organic tissue remnants. This was tested in three experiments: (1) direct activation in test tubes in an ultrasonic bath and then the activation by an ultrasonically oscillating tip (IrriSafe) in (2) an epoxy resin model containing a simulated isthmus filled with gelatin, and (3) extracted teeth with simulated resorption cavities filled with soft tissue. The control solutions were physiological saline and 2.5% NaOCl without HEDP. In (1), available chlorine after 30 s of ultrasonic activation (37 kHz) of test and control solution was assessed, as well as shrimp tissue weight loss in direct exposure. In (2) and (3), the ultrasonic tip was driven at 1/3 of full power using the respective unit, and areas of removed gelatin from the isthmus and tissue weight loss were used as the outcomes, respectively. Experiment (1) revealed no negative impact by HEDP on available chlorine (1), while all three experiments showed a highly significant (p > 0.001) synergistic effect, which was not hampered by HEDP, between NaOCl and ultrasonic activation regarding tissue weight loss (1, 3) and dissolution of gelatin (2).
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47

GHISTA, DHANJOO N. "NONDIMENSIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES FOR MEDICAL ASSESSMENT." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 09, no. 04 (December 2009): 643–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519409003188.

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In medicine, for making a diagnosis, many tests are needed. It may so happen that some test results may be in the normal range, while some test results may be abnormal. So how is the doctor going to precisely decide how "sick" is the patient: is s/he at risk, or marginal, or very sick? Hence, we have developed the new concept of a Nondimensional Physiological Index (NDPI). This NDPI is made up of a number of parameters characterizing organ function and dysfunction or a physiological system function and disorder or an anatomical structure's property and pathology, in the format of a medical assessment test; the NDPI combines these parameters into one nondimensional number. Thus, the NDPI enables the doctor to integrate all the parameters' values from the medical test into one nondimensional index value or number. Then, by examining a large number of patients, we can determine the statistical distribution of that particular NDPI into normal and abnormal categories. This makes it convenient for the doctor to make the medical assessment or diagnosis. Now for an organ or physiological system assessment test (such as a Treadmill test or Glucose tolerance test) or for an anatomical structure's property and pathology determination (such as for determining mitral valve calcification and pathology), the method of formulating and evaluating the NDPI (from the medical test) entails developing its bioengineering model equation incorporating the parameters characterizing the organ state or physiological system function or the anatomical structural constitutive property. These parameters are adroitly combined into a NDPI, so that the NDPI unambiguously conveys the normal and abnormal state of the organ or physiological system or anatomical structure. This bioengineering model's governing equation or solution (involving the model parameters) is then applied to fit or simulate the monitored test data of the physiological system or the anatomical structure. The model parameters are then evaluated (from the simulated solution to the test data), and their ranges are determined for normal and abnormal states of the organ or physiological system or anatomical structure. Then, the NDPI (composed of the parameters of the organ function or physiological system function or the anatomical structural constitutive property) is also evaluated for normal and abnormal states of the patient's organ or physiological system or anatomical structure. In this way, we can apply these NDPIs to reliably diagnose the patient's state of health, from preferably noninvasive medical assessment tests. In this paper, we have developed a number of noninvasive medical tests involving NDPIs, based on biomedical engineering formulations of organ function, physiological system functional performance and anatomical structural constitutive property, to provide the means for reliable medical assessment and diagnosis. These tests include (i) some conventional tests, such as Treadmill and Glucose tolerance tests, (ii) determination of cardiac contractility (and myocardial infarcted segments) and lung ventilation performance characteristics (and lung diseases) as well as (iii) some of our newly formulated tests, to detect arteriosclerosis, aortic pathology, mitral valve calcification, and osteoporosis.
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48

Nowosielski, Ryszard, Katarzyna Cesarz-Andraczke, Rafał Babilas, Artur Maciej, and Ginter Nawrat. "Corrosion Study of Amorphous Mg67Zn29Ca4 Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.439.

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The aim of this paper was investigating the corrosion resistance of Mg67Zn29Ca4metallic glass and evaluating the ability of use studied amorphous alloy for medical applications as biodegradable implants. For comparative purposes the corrosion studies of the amorphous Mg67Zn29Ca4samples were performed in a few simulated body fluids at 37°C. The immersion tests were performed in Ringer’s solution, PWE (multielectrolyte physiological fluid) and 3%NaCl water solution. The amount of evolved hydrogen[ml/cm2] and a corrosion rate Vcorr[g/(day·m2)] of studied Mg67Zn29Ca4alloy were compared. Surface morphology of metallic glass after corrosion study was performed using the scanning electron microscopy.In aim determination dissolution rate and amount of evolved hydrogen was simulated the environment of human body fluids during immersion tests. The work presents structure characterization and corrosion properties analysis of Mg67Zn29Ca4bulk metallic glasses in the form of plates. Samples structure was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction. Fractographic study a cross section of the sample in plates form was performed using scanning electron microscopy
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49

Zhang, Lei, Gang Zhao, Jun Tan, Zhengyuan He, and Yehua Jiang. "Electrochemical Behavior in Simulated Physiological Solution of Ti-Nb-Zr-Calcium Pyrophosphate Composite with Enhanced Bioactivity by Spark Plasma Sintering." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165, no. 5 (2018): E221—E230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0911805jes.

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50

Yim, Jaewoo, Sung Won Cho, Beomhee Kim, Sungwoo Park, Yong Hee Han, and Sang Woo Seo. "Transcriptional Profiling of the Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Strain under Simulated Microgravity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 11, 2020): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082666.

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Long-term space missions affect the gut microbiome of astronauts, especially the viability of some pathogens. Probiotics may be an effective solution for the management of gut microbiomes, but there is a lack of studies regarding the physiology of probiotics in microgravity. Here, we investigated the effects of microgravity on the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) by comparing transcriptomic data during exponential and stationary growth phases under simulated microgravity and normal gravity. Microgravity conditions affected several physiological features of EcN, including its growth profile, biofilm formation, stress responses, metal ion transport/utilization, and response to carbon starvation. We found that some changes, such as decreased adhesion ability and acid resistance, may be disadvantageous to EcN relative to gut pathogens under microgravity, indicating the need to develop probiotics optimized for space flight.
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