Relevant bibliographies by topics / Simulate extended air showers

Academic literature on the topic 'Simulate extended air showers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Simulate extended air showers"

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Sciutto, S. J. "Air showers, hadronic models, and muon production." EPJ Web of Conferences 210 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921002007.

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We report on a study about some characteristics of muon production during the development of extended air showers initiated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Using simulations with the recent new version of the AIRES air shower simulation system, we analyze and discuss on the observed discrepancies between experimental measurements and simulated data.
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Stowell, P., S. Fargher, L. F. Thompson, A. M. Brown, and P. M. Chadwick. "Gadolinium loaded Cherenkov detectors for neutron monitoring in high energy air showers." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): T02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/t02005.

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Abstract Monitoring of high energy cosmic ray neutrons is of particular interest for cosmic ray water Cherenkov detectors as intense bundles of delayed neutrons have been found to arrive after the initial passage of a high energy air shower. In this paper we explore the possibility of building large-area high-energy neutron monitors using gadolinium-loaded Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs). GEANT4 simulations of photon production in WCDs are used to estimate the maximum detection efficiency for a hypothetical system. Requiring a series of neutron induced gamma ray flashes distributed over an extended period of time (up to 20 μs) was shown to be an effective way to discriminate high energy neutron interactions from other backgrounds. Results suggest that neutron detection efficiencies of 4–15% may be possible using a gadolinium-loaded detection system above 200 MeV. The magnitude of gadolinium loading was also shown to significantly modify the timing response of the simulated detector.
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Kendi Kohara, A., Erasmo Ferreira, and Takeshi Kodama. "pp interactions in extended air showers." EPJ Web of Conferences 99 (2015): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159910002.

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JAIN, AMBAR, PANKAJ JAIN, DOUGLAS W. MCKAY, and JOHN P. RALSTON. "GRAVITON ENHANCED UHE NEUTRINO CROSS-SECTIONS AND GIANT AIR SHOWERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 04 (February 10, 2002): 533–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02005979.

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The origin of the highest energy cosmic ray showers is a long standing puzzle. In models where the neutrino–proton cross-section rises to typical hadronic values at energies above 1020 eV, the neutrino becomes a candidate for the primary that initiates these showers. Large extra dimension, low scale gravity models suggest just such a strong neutrino interaction possibility. This raises a further question: are the characteristics of observed showers consistent with a neutrino origin? We simulate neutrino induced showers and compare them to proton-induced showers and to data. The comparison includes the study of starting depth, profile with depth, lateral particle distribution at ground and muon lateral distribution at ground level. Our comparison applies to any model of a strongly interacting, neutral particle with an energy transfer per collision of order 10% similar to the neutrino model studied here. We find that for cross-sections above 20 mb there are regions of parameter space where the two types of showers are nearly indistinguishable. We conclude that the neutrino candidate hypothesis cannot presently be ruled out on the basis of shower characteristics.
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Conti, E., and G. Sartori. "Considerations on the radio emission from extended air showers." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2016, no. 05 (May 19, 2016): 043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/05/043.

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Liu, Wei, and Xuelei Chen. "Numerical simulation of radio signal from extended air showers." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 15, no. 5 (April 29, 2015): 623–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/15/5/002.

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Bott-Bodenhausen, M., I. Holl, A. Kabelschacht, A. Karle, E. Lorenz, R. Maier, M. Merck, et al. "A new air Cherenkov counter concept for the observation of extended air showers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 315, no. 1-3 (May 1992): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(92)90709-d.

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Arsene, Nicusor, Markus Roth, and Octavian Sima. "Restoration of azimuthal symmetry of muon densities in extended air showers." Astroparticle Physics 121 (September 2020): 102452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102452.

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Montanus, J. M. C. "An extended Heitler–Matthews model for the full hadronic cascade in cosmic air showers." Astroparticle Physics 59 (July 2014): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.03.010.

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Garg, Diksha, Sameer Patel, Mary Hall Reno, Alexander Reustle, Yosui Akaike, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Douglas R. Bergman, et al. "Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with nuPyProp." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/041.

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Abstract Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code nuPyProp that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the τ-leptons and muons that emerge. The nuPyProp outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the nuSpaceSim code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for τ-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The nuPyProp code is open source, available on github.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Simulate extended air showers"

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Corani, Claire Leslie. "Small cosmic ray air showers observed by the extended Buckland Park array /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smc788.pdf.

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Jahn, Anton [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Stegmann, and Christian [Gutachter] Stegmann. "Development and Quantification of an advanced Gamma-Ray Reconstruction Technique for the Cherenkov Telescope Array based on a semi-analytical Model for Extended Air Showers / Anton Jahn ; Gutachter: Christian Stegmann ; Betreuer: Christian Stegmann." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201551587/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Simulate extended air showers"

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Elboukhari, Said, Khalid Yamni, Hmad Ouabi, Taoufiq Bouassa, and Lahcen Ait Mlouk. "Comparative Dosimetric Study between 60Co and 192Ir BEBIG High Dose Rate Sources, Used in Brachytherapy, Using Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended." In Gamma Radiation Techniques - Environmental and Industrial Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102435.

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The purpose from this work is the investigation for dosimetric parameters of the two new BEBIG sources, 60Co and 192Ir used in high-dose-rate brachytherapy. According to the full report of AAPM and ESTRO; air-kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and 2D along & away dose rates tables were calculated. Moreover, a comparison was made between the calculated dosimetric parameters for the HDR sources simulated in this study. We used the MCN-PX to investigate the dosimetric parameters of both sources. The geometry of each source was defined in the input program of MCNPX, and each simulation was performed with an appropriate number of particle histories to get an acceptable Type A statistical uncertainty. The results obtained were tabulated and presented in graphical format; these results show a good agreement with other previous studies. The comparison made between the two simulated sources in this work shows a minor difference observed in the generated 2D along & away tables for complementing the commissioning of these sources within a TPS. This difference is considered negligible by the clinical specialists.
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Caviedes, César N. "Impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Natural and Human Systems." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0028.

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Off the coasts of northern Perú and southern Ecuador, warm equatorial waters meet the cold Humboldt Current. Variations in sea temperatures and associated fauna have been known to fishing folk since colonial times. They noticed that toward the end of every year tepid waters appeared between the Gulf of Guayaquil (Ecuador) and Point Pariñas (Perú) and persisted until late February, causing tropical species to be added to the fish they commonly caught. Coupled with the arrival of warm waters was a surge in air humidity and an increase in summer showers. Since this environmental phenomenon occurred around Christmas, the local fishermen called it El Niño, or Child Jesus. Early scientific observations on the nature and extent of these phenomena revealed that they were not regionally restricted to coastal Perú and Ecuador, but extended over the whole tropical Pacific, involving pressure fields and wind flows across the basin. Thus, when referring to this coupled ocean-atmospheric system, both variations of sea temperature across the tropical Pacific and changes of the atmosphere in contact with the ocean must be considered (Neelin et al., 1998). Normally, the tropical Pacific Ocean, from the coast of Ecuador and Perú to longitude 120°W, is dominated by westward- flowing cold waters, which are the prolongation of the Humboldt Current. Near longitude 120°W, sea surface temperatures approach normal equatorial values of ~28°C. When the flow reaches the western Pacific, it creates a sealevel rise of nearly 40 cm, which is maintained by the wind shear of the equatorial easterlies. The thermocline, which marks the lower boundary of the sun-heated water layer, runs at a depth of 40 m between Perú and the Galápagos Islands, but on the Asian side of the Pacific it dips to 120 m, revealing a marked asymmetry in the thickness of the sunheated layer across the Pacific. During El Niño years, the westward flow of cooler waters is weak because there is less wind shear from the easterly winds, and the thermocline plunges to 80 m in the eastern equatorial Pacific.
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Conference papers on the topic "Simulate extended air showers"

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Shelil, Nasser, Anthony Griffiths, Audrius Bagdanavicius, and Nick Syred. "Flashback Limits of Premixed H2/CH4 Flames in a Swirl-Stabilized Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23623.

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CFD modeling is used to simulate the combustion and flashback behavior of H2/CH4 fuel blends with air in a premixed swirl burner using a three dimensional–finite volume model. Preliminary work was performed to calculate the laminar flame speed for H2/CH4 blends from pure methane up to pure hydrogen at various pressures, temperatures and equivalence ratios by using CHEMKIN, for pure fuels, and a new approximation based on the gravimetric mixture ratio, for the fuel blends. Then, the numerical values for laminar flame speed were fed to a FLUENT CFD model to create a PDF table for turbulent premixed combustion calculations and flashback studies. Flashback limits were defined and determined for H2/CH4 blends ranging from 0% (pure methane) up to 100% (pure hydrogen) based on the volumetric composition at atmospheric pressure and 300K for various equivalence ratios. The simulations were compared with experimental measurements at atmospheric pressure for two fuel blends with γ of 0.15 and 0.3 and showed best fit for equivalence ratios less than 0.75 to 0.8. The work was then extended to include simulation studies to investigate the effect of operating pressure and raw gases temperature on flame stability and showed a high dependence on both operating pressure and raw gases temperature.
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Wahl, D., J. Chau, F. Galindo, A. Huamán, C. J. Solano, Carlos Javier Solano Salinas, Jose Bellido, David Wahl, and Oscar Saavedra. "The search for extended air showers at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory." In COSMIC RAYS AND ASTROPHYSICS: Proceedings of the 3rd School on Cosmic Rays and Astrophysics. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141356.

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Huang, Shuai, Tie Li, Chongmin Wu, Bin Wang, and Ming Zheng. "Effects of Various Discharge Strategies on Ignition of Lean Methane/Air Mixture." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9648.

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Ultra-lean burn with high turbulence has high potential for improving thermal efficiency and reducing NOx emissions in spark-ignition engines. Formation of initial flame kernel in high-turbulence flow by advanced ignition technologies is crucial for successful implementation of the ultra-lean burn concept. In this study, a four-coil ignition system is designed to enable temporally flexible discharge, including the single strike, multi-strike and continuous discharge with the discharge energy range from 100 to 300 mJ. The performance of the different discharge strategies on igniting the lean methane-air mixture is evaluated in an optically accessible constant volume vessel. The initial mixture pressure of 3.0 MPa and temperature of 388 K are set to simulate typical conditions near TDC (top dead center) of turbocharged large-bore natural gas engines. Both the flow and quiescent conditions around the spark plug are taken into account with and without gas flows in the vessel. The flame kernel formation and developing processes are captured by using the Schlieren imaging technique with a high-speed CMOS video camera, while evolution of both the voltage and current in the circuit are well monitored by the high-voltage probe and current clamp. With the continuous discharge ignition, the lean limit is remarkably extended in the case of the flow condition, while it is changed only slightly under the quiescent condition, compared with the other strategies. Analysis of the current and voltage waveforms shows that the continuous discharge strategy can enable a steadier and longer discharging period than the other strategies, regardless of conditions with and without gas flow. Besides, the continuous discharge strategy can accelerate the initial flame propagation compared with the other strategies. Once the flame kernel is successfully established, an increase in the discharge energy of single strike has no obvious effects on the flame development, but it is necessary for maintaining the lean limit. Although, in principle, the multi-strike discharge strategy can increase the ignition energy released to the mixture, the current waveform is prone to be interrupted with the discharge channel strongly distorted by the gas flow under the high-pressure condition. The flame propagation speed of the ultra-lean mixture is rather slow under the high ambient pressure quiescent condition compared with the high ambient pressure flow condition. Enhancement of turbulent flow in the mixture is very crucial for realizing the highly efficient and stable combustion of the lean mixture.
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Kim, Wookyung, and Jeffrey Cohen. "Plasma-Assisted Combustor Dynamics Control at Ambient and Realistic Gas Turbine Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63477.

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The central objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a plasma discharge to improve combustor dynamics and flame stability. Specifically, a nano-second pulsed plasma discharge (NSPD) was applied to a premixed gaseous fuel/air dump combustor for mitigation of dynamic combustion instabilities with a minimal NOX penalty. This paper addresses the scaling of this technology from ambient pressure and temperature conditions to more realistic gas turbine combustor conditions. A model combustor operating at representative conditions of O (102) m/s flow velocity, ∼ 580 K combustor inlet temperature, and ∼ 5 atm in-combustor pressure was selected to simulate a typical low-power environment of future aero engine gas turbine combustors. Fully premixed methane or propane was utilized as a fuel. Similar to a previous ambient-pressure study, a significant reduction of pressure fluctuation level was observed, by a factor of 2X to 4X over a wide range of velocity at the baseline temperature and pressure. The plasma power required for the reduction increased linearly with increasing velocity. The change of fuel from methane to propane showed that propane requires significantly (2X) higher plasma power to achieve a similar level of noise reduction. It was also observed that the lean blowout (LBO) limit was significantly extended in the presence of the plasma, however, substantial incomplete combustion occurs in the extended regime. NOX measurements showed that the incremental NOX production due to the presence of the plasma was low (∼ < 1EINOX) in general, however, it increased with decreasing velocity and pressure, and increasing temperature.
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Bakirova, Gulmira, and Todor Arsov. "Comparison of extended air showers simulation results using CORSIKA code for different high-energy interaction models." In 10th Jubilee International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5091203.

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Kedukodi, Sandeep, Suhyeon Park, Siddhartha Gadiraju, Srinath Ekkad, Yong Kim, and Ram Srinivasan. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations for Flow Fields Under Non-Reacting and Reacting Conditions Through a Lean Premixed Fuel Nozzle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64911.

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Numerical methods coupled with experimental benchmarking approaches, are typically used as effective tools for solving engineering problems due to their significant time saving benefits. In this paper, the swirling flow through an industrial lean-premixed fuel nozzle as used in actual gas turbine combustors is numerically analyzed and compared with experimental observations. The analysis is performed under both non-reacting and reacting conditions for a specific Reynolds number. The reacting experiments were performed using compressed methane as the fuel and air as the oxidizer. A specific inlet Reynolds number flow was studied to understand the combustor flow field with an overall equivalence ratio of 0.65 and 6% pilot fuel. Steady state simulations were performed using Fluent solver using Realizable k-ε turbulence model. The reacting flow was simulated using Flamelet Generation Manifold (FGM) model to simulate partially premixed combustion. The non-reacting simulations predicted the combustor flow profiles with certain deviation from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data within the central recirculation region. This deviation may be attributed to the inherent limitations of turbulence model in predicting the central vortex accurately. However, the simulated flow fields were in very good agreement with PIV data under reacting conditions. Additionally, the study was also extended to investigate the sensitivity of inlet swirl on the jet impingement location along the combustor wall. It was found that reaction significantly modifies the jet impingement location for lower inlet swirl angles and showed negligible impact under non-reacting conditions. The presented studies in this paper provide a comprehensive summary of modified flow features under non-reacting and reacting conditions and also demonstrates the sensitivity of inlet swirl changes on the location of liner wall impingement. This study is believed to offer a strong base for future studies involving heat transfer characterization along the combustor walls under reacting conditions; and also provide valuable information to the gas turbine combustor design community towards improved liner wall designs using simplistic numerical modeling approaches.
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Shirai, A., and T. Hayase. "Effect of Retention Time of Neutrophils in Alveolar Capillaries on Increase in Their Concentration in the Capillary Network." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37653.

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It is said that neutrophils, a kind of leukocytes, can be retained in pulmonary alveolar capillary bed, even in normal lungs, resulting in higher concentration than in systemic circulation due to their relatively low deformability, and the concentrated neutrophils help the lung to effectively eliminate the enemies invading from outer air. The authors have developed a model to simulate the flow of neutrophils through an alveolar capillary network, considering the cells’ low deformability as the dominant factor for the retention. Flow of a suspension of neutrophils in plasma through a simplified lattice alveolar capillary network model was numerically simulated to investigate the effect of the retention on the increase in the concentration ratio of the cells between in the network and in the suspension. The numerical result showed that the ratio was lower than the experimentally obtained value. Other possible factors to influence the cell’s retention time are friction and adhesion of the cell on the endothelium. In the last study, effect of the retention time of the cells in individual capillary segments on the increase in the concentration ratio was investigated to suggest the ratio may have an upper limit no matter how long the retention time is extended. In this paper, the authors investigated the contribution of various parameters which affect transit time of a neutrophil through a single capillary segment to the relationships between the retention time and the concentration ratio. Finally, it was shown that the number of cells in the network increased to approach a finite value as the increase in the coefficient, independent of the cell property, concentration of the cells in the suspension or the capillary shape. Transition of the relationship was changed with the parameters.
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Huang, Dezhi. "Studies of the time structure of extended air showers for direction reconstruction with the HAWC Outrigger array." In 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.358.0700.

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Bott-Bodenhausen, M., I. Holl, A. Kabelschact, A. Karle, E. Lorenz, R. Maier, M. Merck, M. Rozanska, and P. Weisbach. "Airobicc–a new array of angle integrating Cerenkov counters for improved γ/Hadron separation in extended air showers." In High Energy Gamma−Ray Astronomy. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40314.

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Zhao, Wandong, Ben Xu, and Ying Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Oscillating Multiphase Heat Transfer in Parallel Plates Using Pseudopotential Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7544.

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Multiphase flows frequently occur in many important engineering and scientific applications, but modeling of such flows is a rather challenging task due to complex interfacial dynamics between different phases, let alone if the flow is oscillating in the porous media. Using humid air as the working fluid in the thermoacoustic refrigerator is one of the research focus to improve the thermoacoustic performance, but the corresponding effect is the condensation of humid air in the thermal stack. Due to the small sized spacing of thermal stack and the need to explore the detailed condensation process in oscillating flow, a mesoscale numerical approach need to be developed. Over the decades, several types of Lattice Boltzmann (LB) models for multiphase flows have been developed under different physical pictures, for example the color-gradient model, the Shan-Chen model, the nonideal pressure tensor model and the HSD model. In the current study, a pseudopotential Multiple-Relaxation-Time (MRT) LBM simulation was utilized to simulate the incompressible oscillating flow and condensation in parallel plates. In the initial stage of condensation, the oscillating flow benefits to accumulate the saturated vapor at the exit regions, and the velocity vector of saturated vapor clearly showed the flow over the droplets. It was also concluded that if the condensate can be removed out from the parallel plates, the oscillating flow and condensation will continuously feed the cold surface to form more water droplets. The effect of wettability to the condensation was discussed, and it turned out that by increasing the wettability, the saturated water vapor was easier to condense on the cold walls, and the distance between each pair of droplets was also strongly affected by the wettability. It’s expected that this study can be used to optimize and redesign the structure of thermal stack in order to produce more condensed water, also this multiphase approach can be extended to more complicated 3D structures.
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