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Journal articles on the topic 'Simpson trial'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Driscoll, Paul D., and Michael B. Salwen. "Self-Perceived Knowledge of the O.J. Simpson Trial: Third-Person Perception and Perceptions of Guilt." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 3 (September 1997): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400308.

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This study tested the “third-person effect” during the O.J. Simpson double-murder trial. The perceptual component of the third-person effect predicts that people judge themselves to be less susceptible to media influence than other people. Findings from a nationwide telephone survey indicated that respondents' self-perceived knowledge about the legal issues involved in the Simpson trial was correlated with third-person perception of a perceived “neutral” media message. Self-perceived knowledge was not correlated with third-person perceptual bias of a perceived “biased” message. It was suggested that the biased message primed respondents' perceptions of Simpson's guilt or innocence. The relative contributions of various predictors of third-person perception were assessed using regression analysis.

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2

Colwell, B. "The O.J. Simpson Trial [Book Review]." Computer 35, no. 8 (August 2002): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2002.1023776.

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3

Kimberly A. Neuendorf, David Atkin,. "Explorations of the Simpson Trial "Racial Divide"." Howard Journal of Communications 11, no. 4 (October 2000): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646170050204545.

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4

&NA;. "The BackLetter Covers the O.J. Simpson Trial." Back Letter 10, no. 4 (April 1995): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-199504000-00011.

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5

White, Aaronette. "O. J. Simpson Trial: We Are All Guilty." Agenda, no. 28 (1996): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065766.

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6

Shorter-Gooden, Kumea. "The Simpson Trial: Lessons for Mental Health Practitioners." Cultural Diversity and Mental Health 2, no. 1 (1996): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.2.1.65.

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7

Chrisman, Robert. "The Million Man March and the O.J. Simpson Trial." Black Scholar 25, no. 4 (September 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00064246.1995.11430748.

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8

Beckman, Karen. "Animation on Trial." Animation 6, no. 3 (November 2011): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746847711416568.

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This article first considers Kota Ezawa’s video installation, The Simpson Verdict within the broader context of the rising interest in animation on the contemporary art landscape. After exploring three trends within this proliferation of artists’ animation – works that animate moments from film history, works that animate ‘reality’, and works that use popular media such as cartoons, television and video games as source material, this article examines the difference between Ezawa’s work, which re-draws already overexposed live footage, and those documentaries that use animation as a supplementary visual tool when live footage does not and/or could not exist.

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9

Demakis, George J. "Hindsight Bias and the Simpson Trial: Use in Introductory Psychology." Teaching of Psychology 24, no. 3 (July 1997): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2403_9.

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The Simpson criminal trial provided an excellent opportunity to illustrate the hindsight bias, the tendency to exaggerate one's ability to have foreseen the outcome of an event after learning the outcome. As hypothesized, introductory psychology students who estimated their prediction of the outcome of the trial post verdict were more accurate than students who predicted the outcome pre verdict. In this article, I illustrate how the hindsight bias can be demonstrated in the classroom and how it can highlight the need for the scientific method in psychology.

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10

Schuetz, Janice. "Legal and research evidence and the O. J. Simpson Trial." Western Journal of Communication 59, no. 4 (December 1995): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570319509374526.

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11

Gordon, Walter L. "Reflections of a Criminal Defense Lawyer on the Simpson Trial." Journal of Social Issues 53, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02119.x.

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12

Fairchild, Halford H., and Gloria Cowan. "The O. J. Simpson Trial: Challenges to Science and Society." Journal of Social Issues 53, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02130.x.

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13

Farmer, Lindsay. "Book Review: The Trial. A History from Socrates to O.J. Simpson." Law, Culture and the Humanities 2, no. 3 (October 2006): 470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872106070061.

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14

Skolnick, Paul, and Jerry I. Shaw. "The O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial Verdict: Racism or Status Shield?" Journal of Social Issues 53, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02125.x.

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15

Chen, Meishan. "Is courtroom discourse an ‘oral’ or ‘literate’ register? The importance of sub-register." Discourse Studies 23, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445620982097.

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By applying Multi-Dimensional Analysis, this study has provided a thorough description of the lexico-grammatical characteristics of courtroom discourse to see to what extent it employs both linguistic features of oral registers and literate registers. In particular, this study focuses on language used in the four public sub-registers (opening statements, direct examinations, cross-examinations, closing arguments) of courtroom discourse and analyzes how oral/literate each sub-register is, instead of characterizing courtroom discourse as oral/literate overall. Detailed interpretation of results focuses on Dimension 1 (involved and interactive vs. informational production) and 2 (narrative vs. non-narrative discourse) as these two dimensions are identified as universal parameters of register variation (Biber, 2014). A corpus of high-profile courtroom trials was compiled for this study that includes the O. J. Simpson criminal trial, the Boston Marathon bombing trial, and the Oklahoma bombing trial.

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16

Wilson, Sharen, and Cynthia Stevens Kent. "Handling Capital Cases Dealing with the Media." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 16, no. 2 (January 2010): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v16.i2.1.

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Perhaps all that needs to be said on the issue of media and trials is People v. O.J. Simpson. The lessons of that trial are obvious. The trial judge is directly and personally responsible for maintaining the dignity and decorum of the courtroom proceedings. The media's interests do not involve issues of fair trial and due process. Rather, the media's interests involve issues of public information, ratings, and financial benefits from coverage of a particular trial. Further, when dealing with media coverage, the attorney should determine how media coverage might affect the resolution of the client's case and how he or she can appropriately deal with a capital case so as to protect the client and the integrity of our system of justice. Also, the trial judge must be aggressively involved in media management to ensure the defendant's Constitutional right to a fair trial and the societal right to justice in a properly conducted trial. A review of some of the issues that often arise when dealing with a capital case will help prepare the judiciary for a capital case with intense media focus: 1. What are the legal guidelines in the area of free press and fair trial interests? 2. What are some of the pitfalls of the capital trial and what planning should the justice system take to appropriately address those concerns?

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17

Bryant, Fred B., and Jennifer Howard Brockway. "Hindsight Bias in Reaction to the Verdict in the O.J. Simpson Criminal Trial." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 19, no. 2 (June 1997): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp1902_5.

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18

Cotterill, Janet. "?If it doesn't fit, you must acquit?: metaphor and the O.J. Simpson criminal trial." Forensic Linguistics 5, no. 2 (December 1998): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/sll.1998.5.2.141.

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19

Cotterill, Janet. "'If it doesn't fit, you must acquit': metaphor and the O.J. Simpson criminal trial." International Journal of Speech Language and the Law 5, no. 2 (January 25, 2007): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.v5i2.141.

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20

Grabe, Maria Elizabeth. "Narratives of Guilt: Television News Magazine Coverage of the O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial." Howard Journal of Communications 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106461700246706.

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21

Bryant, Fred B., and Jennifer Howard Brockway. "Hindsight Bias in Reaction to the Verdict in the O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 19, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/15324839751037075.

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22

Moore, Michael C., and Lynda J. Moore. "Fall from grace: Implications of the O. J. Simpson trial for postmodern criminal justice." Sociological Spectrum 17, no. 3 (July 1997): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732173.1997.9982168.

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23

Wiener, Martin J. "Murder & the Modern British Historian." Albion 36, no. 1 (2004): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4054433.

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Over a century ago, the pioneer English historian of law F. W. Maitland observed that “If some fairy gave me the power of seeing a scene of one and the same kind in every age of history of every race, the kind of scene that I would choose would be a trial for murder, because I think that it would give me so many hints as to a multitude of matters of the first importance.” For many decades Maitland's remark was ignored, as historical scholarship passed over murder trials as far too “atypical” and “sensationalistic” to merit serious study, leaving them to amateur devotees of courtroom drama and detection mysteries. One notable exception was Brian Simpson, the distinguished legal historian, whose Cannibalism and the Common Law, published in 1984, for the first time placed in its social context the leading case of R. v. Dudley & Stephens, which in 1884 produced the still-authoritative rule governing the “necessity” justification for homicide. In Simpson's hands the case, a “sensational” one indeed, involving the eating of a cabin boy by shipwrecked sailors, opened up the little-known world of late Victorian maritime life. However, Simpson's lead was not followed up, and his book remained a fascinating “one-off,” regarded as an “amusement piece” by an otherwise “serious” scholar of arcane legal reasoning.Only more recently, with developments such as the rise of the genre of “micro-history” and the legitimation of interest in the “sensational,” have historians come to accept homicide and its legal treatment as a worthy subject.

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24

Jina Kim. "Mass Media and Art in the 1990s: From Rodney King Incident to O.J. Simpson Trial." Journal of History of Modern Art ll, no. 25 (June 2009): 179–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17057/kahoma.2009..25.007.

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25

Mendoza-Denton, Rodolfo, Ozlem N. Ayduk, Yuichi Shoda, and Walter Mischel. "Cognitive-Affective Processing System Analysis of Reactions to the O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial Verdict." Journal of Social Issues 53, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 563–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02129.x.

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26

Washington, Ernest D. "Knowing, Believing, and Understanding: The Social Construction of Knowledge in the O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial." Journal of Black Psychology 26, no. 3 (August 2000): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798400026003003.

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27

Salwen, Michael B., and Paul D. Driscoll. "Consequences of Third-Person Perception in Support of Press Restrictions in the O. J. Simpson Trial." Journal of Communication 47, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1997.tb02706.x.

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28

COTTERILL, JANET. "Domestic Discord, Rocky Relationships: Semantic Prosodies in Representations of Marital Violence in the O.J. Simpson Trial." Discourse & Society 12, no. 3 (May 2001): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926501012003002.

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29

Granelli, Steve. "O. J., Dad, and Me." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2017.6.2.78.

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The family friend who was once referenced consistently as a point of pride was distinctly re-categorized in June 1994. Our family was split on how we should feel about the most famous and infamous man of that year, O. J. Simpson. The way we negotiated our relationship through the trial of the century represented a significant marker in how I perceived my father. The man whose opinion I treasured more than anyone else's now believed something that was so unfathomably incorrect; it dealt a crushing blow to how I viewed my father's credibility and left me forever changed.

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30

Bradley, Kieran. "Appointment and Dis-Appointment at the CJEU: Part I – The FV/Simpson Litigation." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 20, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341442.

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Abstract This first part of a two-part article examines the rulings of the General Court and the Court of Justice concerning the irregular appointment in 2016 of a judge to the Union’s Civil Service Tribunal (now abolished). The CJEU was acting more or less in tandem with the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Ástráðsson v. Iceland; between them, these courts have confirmed for their respective legal orders that the right to a fair trial before a “tribunal established by law” includes a requirement that the judge(s) be appointed in accordance with the predetermined procedure. This requirement is not, however, absolute, but seeks ultimately to safeguard the independence and impartiality of the judiciary; it must therefore be balanced with other fundamental values, such as legal certainty and the irremovability of judges. The Simpson ruling may also have a certain resonance at the national level, as well as showcasing the CJEU’s remarkable “review” procedure, now in abeyance.

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31

Brown, William J., James J. Duane, and Benson P. Fraser. "Media coverage and public opinion of the O. J. Simpson trial: Implications for the criminal justice system." Communication Law and Policy 2, no. 2 (March 1997): 261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10811689709368625.

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32

Sayapin, S. "Yuki Tanaka, Tim McCormack and Gerry Simpson (eds), Beyond Victor's Justice? The Tokyo War Crimes Trial Revisited." Journal of International Criminal Justice 11, no. 3 (June 27, 2013): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqt018.

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33

Schmolck, H., E. A. Buffalo, and L. R. Squire. "Memory Distortions Develop Over Time: Recollections of the O.J. Simpson Trial Verdict After 15 and 32 Months." Psychological Science 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00212.

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34

Klaver, Elizabeth. "Autopsy and the Savage Eye: Some Dramatic Practices." New Theatre Quarterly 16, no. 4 (November 2000): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0001407x.

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Is performing an autopsy on a dead body simply an objective, mutilating act – and a particularly powerful example of subject/object mastery? Demonstrating the intersection between scientific, medico-legal practice, and literary-artistic tropologies, Elizabeth Klaver explores in this essay the epistemological gaze of autopsy and its ironic effect on subjectivity through a variety of dramatic practices: Vesalius's Fabrica, the O. J. Simpson trial, and plays by Samuel Beckett. Elizabeth Klaver is Associate Professor of English at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. Her book, Performing Television: Contemporary Drama and the Media Culture is forthcoming from the Popular Press, and the present article will form part of her book in progress, Authorized Personnel Only: Sites of Autopsy in Postmodern Literature.

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35

Chapdelaine, Andrea, and Sean F. Griffin. "Beliefs of Guilt and Recommended Sentence as a Function of Juror Bias in the O. J. Simpson Trial." Journal of Social Issues 53, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02123.x.

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36

Soeldner, Al. "How Did You Do that?" Microscopy Today 3, no. 10 (December 1995): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065639.

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Methods and results reported to our scientific, technical or law enforcement clients and/or presented in a court of law demand the assurance that all work can be duplicated precisely in every detail. The preparation of technical reports that meet high standards for accuracy and completeness are an ethical responsibility and professional obligation for managers of analytical laboratories.As the extent or complexity of work increases, more methods and techniques may be employed, producing an array of results. The preparation of reports which accurately describe what was done, how it was done, and what was produced can become a significant challenge. The collection, handling, and analysis of physical evidence can seriously impact the search for the truth, as the O.J. Simpson trial has clearly illustrated.

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37

Shafti, Saeed S. "Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Doubleblind Clinical Trial by Escitalopram in Male Patients." Current Psychopharmacology 9, no. 3 (November 4, 2020): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556009999200513074605.

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Background: The negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain a major clinical trouble against psychiatric rehabilitation and available therapeutic treatments. Objective: Escitalopram is known as the most selective SSRI with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal uptake. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of escitalopram on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods: This study was an eight-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram set against placebo, as an add-on medication, in the treatment of 50 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. While the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms was used as the primary outcome measure, the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Simpson-Angus Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale, as well, were used as a secondary measure for evaluation of positive, extrapyramidal and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: The primary outcome of the present assessment was a significant reduction in the mean total score of the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in the target group, compared to placebo, at the end of eight weeks. In this regard, most of the subscales of SANS, as well, demonstrated significant improvements by escitalopram. Conclusion: According to the findings, escitalopram can be helpful, as add-on medication, in amelioration of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

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38

Mohty, Mohamad, Florent Malard, Anne Vekhoff, Simona Lapusan, Francoise Isnard, Evelyne D'Incan, Jerome Rey, et al. "The Odyssee Study: Prevention of Dysbiosis Complications with Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transfer (FMT) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients Undergoing Intensive Treatment: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Trial." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112825.

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Abstract Introduction. AML standard intensive induction chemotherapy ("3+7" or equivalent) combined with wide spectrum antibiotics can dramatically alter the composition of the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis which is characterized by loss of microbial diversity. Such dysbiosis status can promote a pathological condition involving uncontrolled local immune responses, systemic inflammation and increased incidence of adverse events. The development of FMT-based drugs to restore microbial communities could offer novel therapeutic possibilities to reduce such adverse events and potentially improve outcomes in AML. We therefore conducted this single arm prospective phase I/II multicenter trial (NCT02928523) to evaluate the use of a FMT-based drug in association with AML induction treatment to restore the gut microbiota diversity. Patients and methods. A total of 62 consecutive patients aged between 24 and 69 years old with a diagnosis of de novo AML were screened in 7 French sites. At time of admission and AML diagnosis (Step 1=S1), patients' faeces were collected, rigorously screened, prepared following a standardized process, and stored at -80°C until later administration. The drug was administered as an enema after hematopoietic recovery (S2) and before consolidation chemotherapy (Conso). The primary endpoint was the recovery of at least 70% of microbiota diversity (based on the Simpson index) after drug administration and the reduction of multidrug resistant bacteria carriage. Blood and feces samples were collected at S1, S2, and around 10 days post-FMT before Conso (S3). Microbiome diversity restoration was assessed by metagenomics analysis through Illumina HiSeq shotgun sequencing. Antibiotic resistance gene carriage (ARGC, also known as resistome) was evaluated through mapping of readouts on the MEGARES database. Secondary objectives included safety and analysis of host response with assessment of blood and fecal markers by ELISA and Luminex. Results. Overall, 25 patients were actually treated with FMT, and 20 were included in the per-protocol population. Induction Chemotherapy (IC) induced a dramatic shift in microbial communities, with a significant 42.3% decrease of mean α-diversity Simpson index between S1 and S2 at species level (0.85 to 0.50; p<0.001). Ten days after FMT administration (S3), the Simpson index returned to its initial baseline level (0.50 to 0.86; p<0.001). In addition to variations of the diversity, we demonstrated using the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index (BC) a profound shift in the microbial communities following IC (mean BC S1-S2: 0.76) and the restoration of the initial microbial profile after FMT (mean BC S1-S3: 0.40). Moreover, IC and associated antibiotic treatments induced a significant increase in the mean number of readouts mapped against antibioresistance genes at S2 (167546 to 371466 reads, p<0.01) that reflect ARGC. Then, a significant reduction of 43% of the mean number of reads mapped was observed at S3 after FMT (211128 reads, p<0.001). No serious adverse events (SAE) were observed within 30 days after FMT and all post FMT SAEs were not related to the FMT procedure. Moreover, FMT did not induce any local or systemic inflammatory reaction as measured by fecal and blood markers (fecal neopterin and IgA; plasmatic CRP, IL-6 and sCD14). Interestingly, restoration of the microbiome diversity was associated with a significant reduction of CRP and fecal neopterin levels, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory impact of FMT. Overall, FMT was well tolerated and had an excellent safety profile. The one-year overall survival estimate in the whole cohort was 84% (4 deaths among 25, none of which were related to FMT: 2 multiple organ failures, 1 heart attack and 1 grade IV resistant GVHD). The median time to death from the second FMT was 182.5 days (113-225 days). Conclusions. This is the first prospective trial testing the safety and efficacy of FMT in AML patients receiving intensive induction chemotherapy. The trial achieved its primary endpoint and established the capacity of FMT to restore a diverse microbiome with high levels of similarity to baseline, as well as reducing ARGC and intestinal inflammation. A controlled randomized trial with repeated FMT administrations is currently planned to further evaluate the impact of FMT on clinical outcomes and long-term survival. (This trial was funded by MaaT Pharma whose product was tested in this protocol). Disclosures Mohty: MaaT Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria. Doré:MaaT Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria.

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39

Tielbeek, Alexander V., Dammis Vroegindeweij, Jacob Buth, and Guido H. M. Landman. "Comparison of Balloon Angioplasty and Simpson Atherectomy for Lesions in the Femoropopliteal Artery: Angiographic and Clinical Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 7, no. 6 (November 1996): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(96)70857-6.

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40

Zhou, Hang, Yu Liu, Jiongting Fan, Huajing Huang, Junming Deng, and Beiping Tan. "Feeding Rainbow Trout with Different Types of Non-Starch Polysaccharides: Impacts on Serum Metabolome and Gut Microbiota." Metabolites 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121167.

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A 70-day feeding trial investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of different types of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) on gut microbiota and serum metabolome of rainbow trout. Four practical feeds (42% crude protein, 17% crude lipid) were prepared with 8% insoluble NSP (INSP, cellulose), 16.8% soluble NSP (SNSP, composed of 1.12% β-glucan, 1.28% mannan, 4.8% arabinoxylan, and 9.6% pectin), 24.8% NSPs (8% INSP + 16.8% SNSP), or no NSPs inclusion, respectively. Dietary NSPs inclusion had no significant influence on the Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices of gut microbiota but induced a significant increase in the abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Photobacterium kishitanii, and a decrease in Firmicutes and Alistipes finegoldii. Besides, dietary SNSP upregulated the carnitine synthesis metabolic pathway. Our data suggest that dietary NSPs are detrimental to gut microbiota homeostasis and the health of rainbow trout, and dietary SNSP exhibit a stronger ability to interfere with physiological metabolism of rainbow trout than INSP. Therefore, the physiological effects of dietary NSPs, especially SNSP, should be carefully considered when designing the commercial feed formulations of rainbow trout.

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41

Eades, Diana. "Review of Language and Power in Court: A Linguistic Analysis of the O.J. Simpson Trial by Janet Cotterill -- NOTE: PDF Unavailable." International Journal of Speech Language and the Law 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2007): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.v11i2.293.

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42

Trisno, Roth, Parvathy Nair, Daniel Martin, Maryam S. Baghini, Hoam Chung, Gita Pendharkar, and Jayashri Kulkarni. "Using accelerometer as a diagnostic tool to detect drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) secondary to first-generation anti-psychotic medications." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220901467.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an accelerometer-based compact system in detecting and quantifying drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A pilot study controlled clinical trial comprising 6 people with schizophrenia and 11 control subjects was conducted at Alfred Health, Melbourne. Participants had their movements assessed using Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) followed by an assessment of gait using three triaxial accelerometers. Results: Median BARS, SAS, MDS-UPDRS III and accelerometer scores were significantly higher for patients with schizophrenia than controls. Accelerometers detected three times more rest tremor than clinical rating scales. Patients with schizophrenia had 70% of their dynamic acceleration at frequencies between 4 and 10 Hz, which is almost twice that observed in the control population (38%). Accelerometer scores were significantly correlated with BARS scores. Conclusion: Accelerometers were able to accurately detect patients with DIP better than some clinical rating scale including the SAS. Further larger-scale studies must be conducted to further demonstrate the accuracy of accelerometers in detecting DIP.

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43

Climent, Eric, Juan Francisco Martinez-Blanch, Laura Llobregat, Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas, Miguel Ángel Carrión-Gutiérrez, Ana Ramírez-Boscá, David Prieto-Merino, et al. "Changes in Gut Microbiota Correlates with Response to Treatment with Probiotics in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. A Post Hoc Analysis of a Clinical Trial." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040854.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with a high impact on the comfort of those who are affected and long-term treated with corticosteroids with limited efficacy and a high prevalence of relapses. Because of the limited effectiveness of these treatments, new strategies for recovery from AD lesions are continually being explored. In this article, we describe the gut microbiome changes achieved in a recently published clinical trial with the probiotic formulation Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347, and Lacticaseibacillus casei CECT 9104 (formerly Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104), showing a significant improvement in SCORAD (scoring atopic dermatitis) index in children (4–17 years) with AD (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02585986). The present gut microbiome post hoc study showed no significant changes in diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes) after probiotic consumption. In the probiotic group, genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium significantly increased their levels while Faecalibacterium decreased, compared to the placebo group. Faecalibacterium showed the highest presence and significant positive correlation with AD severity (SCORAD index), whereas Abyssivirga, Bifidobacterium, and Lactococcus were inversely correlated. The results suggest that the consumption of the probiotic formulation here assayed modulates the gut microbiome with significant changes in genera Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium. In turn, the improvement in SCORAD correlates with a decrease in Faecalibacterium and an increase in Bifidobacterium, among others.

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Shoja Shafti, Saeed, and Mahsa Gilanipoor. "A Comparative Study between Olanzapine and Risperidone in the Management of Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/307202.

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Introduction. Since a variety of comparisons between risperidone and olanzapine have resulted in diverse outcomes, so safety and efficacy of them were compared again in a new trial.Method. Sixty female schizophrenic patients entered into one of the assigned groups for random allocation to olanzapine or risperidone (n=30in each group) in a double-blind, 12-week clinical trial. Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were used as the primary outcome measures. Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale (CGI-S), Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI), and finally Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) as well were employed as secondary scales.Results. While both of olanzapine and risperidone were significantly effective for improvement of positive symptoms (P<0.0001), as regards negative symptoms, it was so only by means of olanzapine (P<0.0003). CGI-S and SAI, as well, were significantly improved in both of the groups. SAS increment was significant only in the risperidone group (P<0.02).Conclusion. While both of olanzapine and risperidone were equally effective for improvement of positive symptoms and insight, olanzapine showed superior efficacy with respect to negative symptoms, along with lesser extrapyramidal side effects, in comparison with risperidone.

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Howard, Robert, Elizabeth Cort, Rosie Bradley, Emma Harper, Linda Kelly, Peter Bentham, Craig Ritchie, et al. "Amisulpride for very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: the ATLAS three-arm RCT." Health Technology Assessment 22, no. 67 (November 2018): 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22670.

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Background Very late-onset (aged ≥ 60 years) schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) occurs frequently but no placebo-controlled, randomised trials have assessed the efficacy or risks of antipsychotic treatment. Most patients are not prescribed treatment. Objectives The study investigated whether or not low-dose amisulpride is superior to placebo in reducing psychosis symptoms over 12 weeks and if any benefit is maintained by continuing treatment thereafter. Treatment safety and cost-effectiveness were also investigated. Design Three-arm, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Participants who received at least one dose of study treatment were included in the intention-to-treat analyses. Setting Secondary care specialist old age psychiatry services in 25 NHS mental health trusts in England and Scotland. Participants Patients meeting diagnostic criteria for VLOSLP and scoring > 30 points on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to three arms in a two-stage trial: (1) 100 mg of amisulpride in both stages, (2) amisulpride then placebo and (3) placebo then amisulpride. Treatment duration was 12 weeks in stage 1 and 24 weeks (later reduced to 12) in stage 2. Participants, investigators and outcome assessors were blind to treatment allocation. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were psychosis symptoms assessed by the BPRS and trial treatment discontinuation for non-efficacy. Secondary outcomes were extrapyramidal symptoms measured with the Simpson–Angus Scale, quality of life measured with the World Health Organization’s quality-of-life scale, and cost-effectiveness measured with NHS, social care and carer work loss costs and EuroQol-5 Dimensions. Results A total of 101 participants were randomised. Ninety-two (91%) participants took the trial medication, 59 (64%) completed stage 1 and 33 (56%) completed stage 2 treatment. Despite suboptimal compliance, improvements in BPRS scores at 12 weeks were 7.7 points (95% CI 3.8 to 11.5 points) greater with amisulpride than with placebo (11.9 vs. 4.2 points; p = 0.0002). In stage 2, BPRS scores improved by 1.1 point in those who continued with amisulpride but deteriorated by 5.2 points in those who switched from amisulpride to placebo, a difference of 6.3 points (95% CI 0.9 to 11.7 points; p = 0.024). Fewer participants allocated to the amisulpride group stopped treatment because of non-efficacy in stages 1 (p = 0.01) and 2 (p = 0.031). The number of patients stopping because of extrapyramidal symptoms and other side effects did not differ significantly between groups. Amisulpride treatment in the base-case analyses was associated with non-significant reductions in combined NHS, social care and unpaid carer costs and non-significant reductions in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in both stages. Including patients who were intensive users of inpatient services in sensitivity analyses did not change the QALY result but resulted in placebo dominance in stage 1 and significant reductions in NHS/social care (95% CI –£8923 to –£122) and societal costs (95% CI –£8985 to –£153) for those continuing with amisulpride. Limitations The original recruitment target of 300 participants was not achieved and compliance with trial medication was highly variable. Conclusions Low-dose amisulpride is effective and well tolerated as a treatment for VLOSLP, with benefits maintained by prolonging treatment. Potential adverse events include clinically significant extrapyramidal symptoms and falls. Future work Trials should examine the longer-term effectiveness and safety of antipsychotic treatment in this patient group, and assess interventions to improve their appreciation of potential benefits of antipsychotic treatment and compliance with prescribed medication. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45593573 and EudraCT2010-022184-35. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 67. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Benham, Jamie, Hena Ramay, Raylene Reimer, Jane Booth, Christine Friedenreich, Doreen Rabi, and Ronald Sigal. "ODP409 Exercise Increases Microbiota Diversity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1365.

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Abstract Background Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have reduced diversity and altered composition of gut microbiota (all microorganisms in the intestine) compared with healthy women. Shifts in gut microbiota with exercise may mediate some of the beneficial (e. g. anti-inflammatory) effects of exercise. Objective To evaluate the effect of exercise training on gut microbiota diversity (number of different species) and composition in women with PCOS. Methods 18–40-year-old women with PCOS were randomly assigned to six months of thrice-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT), continuous aerobic exercise training (CAET) or no-exercise control. Stool samples were collected pre- and post-intervention. Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool samples and microbial sequencing performed on the MiSeq Illumina platform with amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The IDTAXA classifier was used to classify reads with the Silva rRNA database. Alpha diversity (within sample diversity) was measured using Shannon and Simpson indices. Changes in bacterial community structure (beta diversity) were based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and visualized using principal coordinates analysis. Results Data were available for 19 women pre- and post-intervention: control (n=8), CAET (n=6) and HIIT (n=5). In all samples, Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phylum followed by Bacteroidetes. The abundance of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria decreased with exercise training in both exercise groups. Alpha diversity increased for all HIIT participants, but the effect was inconsistent in CAET participants with an increase in 3 (50%) participants. There were no statistically significant changes in beta diversity. Conclusion Exercise training may change the relative abundance of bacteria taxa of gut microbiota, and increase alpha diversity but not beta diversity in women living with PCOS. Further larger studies are needed to determine the effect of exercise training on gut microbiota in this population. Presentation: No date and time listed

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Neely, Mark E. "A. W. Brian Simpson, In the Highest Degree Odious: Detention Without Trial in Wartime Britain, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Pp. 472. $62.00 (ISBN 0-19-825775-9)." Law and History Review 13, no. 1 (1995): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743973.

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Tucker, Lauren R. "Black, white, and read all over: Racial reasoning and the construction of public reaction to the O. J. Simpson criminal trial verdict by theChicago Tribuneand theChicago defender." Howard Journal of Communications 8, no. 4 (October 1997): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646179709361763.

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Sarafopoulos, A., D. Antoniadis, and V. Karpouza. "Paliperidone induced sinus tachycardia in a patient with first episode of psychosis (FEP)." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2056.

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IntroductionThis is a presentation of the FEP of a 23 y.o. patient. The patient had a Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) of 6 months and Duration of Untreated Illness (DUI) of six years. The therapeutic response and the adverse effects of Paliperidone are being described.ObjectivesTo investigate the tolerance of Paliperidone in a patient with FEP.MethodsThe patient was assessed regularly by the psychiatric team consisting of a CT doctor and one General Adult Consultant. Appropriate psychological assessments and investigations took place.ResultsUpon admission the patient appeared guarded. She also presented with weight loss and dehydration. Initial PANSS score was 173, positive subscale 41. The patient was initially treated with monotherapy 6mg of Paliperidone. However, the heart rate was around 100 bpm culminating as high as 156 bpm. The ECG indicated sinus tachycardia. The patient presented with serious EPSs and diarrhea. Simpson-Angus Scale score 10. Metoprolol 25mg was prescribed twice a day. The clinical team proceeded in cross titration replacing Paliperidone with Olanzapine. A brain CT scan was also performed, unremarkable. After 10 days of therapy the PANSS score reduced to 102, positive subscale 21.ConclusionsInitial sinus tachycardia is a common adverse effect of Paliperidone. However in this case the tachycardia was refractory in time even after the 7th day, making an alternative SGA trial necessary.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Stone, Richard. "In the Highest Degree Odious: Detention Without Trial in Wartime Britain by A.W. Brian Simpson Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992, x + 435 + (bibliography and index) 18 pp (hardback £35.00)." Legal Studies 13, no. 2 (July 1993): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261387500007297.

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