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Journal articles on the topic 'Simplification structurale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Haßler, Gerda. "Le tournant sémiotique du début du XXème siècle." Historiographia Linguistica 46, no. 1-2 (September 2, 2019): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.00039.has.

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Résumé Le centenaire de la publication du Cours de linguistique générale (1916) de Ferdinand de Saussure nous a invité à reconsidérer l’importance de cet ouvrage et le rôle de son auteur pour la fondation d’une linguistique intégrée dans une sémiologie. Il n’y a aucun doute que cet auteur fut extrêmement important pour le développement de la linguistique structurale en Europe et qu’avec son concept du signe linguistique il a fait œuvre de pionnier pour le tournant sémiologique. Mais l’accueil favorable d’une théorie dans le milieu scientifique ne s’explique pas seulement par sa qualité intérieure, mais par plusieurs conditions extérieures. Ces conditions seront analysées sur trois plans: (1) l’arrivée de la méthode des néogrammairiens à ses limites qui incitait alors à l’étude de l’unité du signifiant et du signifié; (2) la simplification et l’outrance de la pensée structurale dans le Cours, publié en 1916 par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye et (3) la préparation de la réception de la pensée sémiologique par plusieurs travaux parallèles.

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Assayag, Jackie. "Homo Hierarchicus, Homo Symbolicus Approche structurale ou herméneutique en anthropologie sociale (de l'Inde) (note critique)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 49, no. 1 (February 1994): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1994.279249.

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« Before everything else, without caste there is no Hindu » (Max Weber, The Religion in India, 1909).« Modern India, having created a caste of chauffeurs from the menials who tend motorcars, is almost ripe for a Rolls Royce caste rejecting food or marriage with the Fords » (R. E. Enthoven, cité par J. H. Hutton, Caste in India. Its Nature, Function and Origin, 1946).On peut gager, sans risque d'erreur, que cet ouvrage de C. J. Fuller fera date. Non à cause de ses découvertes ou de la nouveauté de ses propos — ce à quoi d'ailleurs il ne prétend pas—, mais bien parce qu'il propose une lumineuse synthèse anthropologique sur le monde indien. Il intègre, la plume alerte et toujours l'idée claire, la quasi-totalité des travaux ethnologiques et indologiques qui comptent depuis vingt-cinq ans, principalement ceux qui se situent à la confluence de ces deux champs, selon lui seuls heuristiques, dont ce livre peut être considéré comme l'aboutissement. Ne cédant jamais à la simplification ou à la tentation du catalogue de fiches de lecture, C. J. Fuller évite scrupuleusement de sacrifier sur l'autel de l'ambition synthétique l'exposition de cas de figure régionaux à la fois circonscrits et emblématiques.

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LI, TANPING, JUN WANG, KE FAN, and WEI WANG. "HOW SIMPLE CAN THE PROTEINS BE: FROM THE PREDICTION OF THE CLASSES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 05n06 (March 10, 2003): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903005159.

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The validity of complexity simplifications for proteins with different structural features may be different. In this paper, the simplification for proteins is studied using the ratios of successful prediction of structural class under a presumed amino-acid-grouping scheme with a composition-coupled method. It is found that for the α-class proteins, a two-letter alphabet may cover the degree of freedom to characterize the complexity of the class; for the β-class proteins, a 7-letter alphabet might indicate the minimal number of residue types to reconstruct the class feature of the natural proteins; for the α + β-class proteins and the α/β-class proteins, the redundancy of the compositions is weak and the simplification leads to a great loss of the information related to the corresponding structural classes.

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Müller, Adeline, Isabelle Clerc, and Thomas François. "Plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec." Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie 31 (May 6, 2021): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31468/dwr.849.

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This article investigates the plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec, using a survey. We contacted 55 professional writers and asked them to complete an online survey about how they apply plain language in their work, and the type of writing assistance they would find useful. We also asked 40 of those writers to carry out a simplification task to see what kind of simplifications they were actually making. If the feelings about the reality of the writers’ work is in line with the literature, opinions on plain language guidelines are not. Most writers in our survey find them useful and precise enough, and this contrasts with reported criticisms of such guides. In the simplification task, we noticed that writers focus on the overall understanding of the text, and not only on some linguistic characteristics (as shown in plain language guidelines). The more experienced the writer, the more changes they will make to visual/structural aspects or relational efficiency. Putting the focus on the reader’s needs is their main concern.

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Issidorides, Diana C. "Comprehensie van Vreemdtalige Input." Taalverwerving in onderzoek 30 (January 1, 1988): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.30.03iss.

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Within a psycholinguistic approach to second language learning, an attempt is made to investigate the question of how morphology, syntax (word order phenomena), semantics and pragmatics affect the comprehension of Dutch sentences for normative learners of that language. When talking to nonnative language-learners, native spea-kers often tend to dehberately modify their speech -'simplify' it - in an attempt to make the target language more comprehensible. Omitting semantically redundant function words and copulas, or deliberate-ly modifying the word order in a sentence, are but a few characteris-tics of sucn 'simplifications'. In trying to determine whether, and what kinds of, linguistic simplifications promote comprehension, an important theoretical issue arises, namely, the relationship between linguistic (structural) and cognitive (ease of information processing) simplification. That one form of simplification is by no means a guarantee for the other form is an important assumption that forms the backbone to our approach. The results from research on morphological simplifications (omission of redundant function words in utterances) in two parallel experiments - an artificial and a natural language one (Dutch) - are discus-sed. They suggest that the presence of semantically redundant functi-on words is not experienced as bothersome "noise" in the successful inference of the meaning of unfamiliar utterances, as long as supra-segmental cues are present. The suprasegmental structure provides the listener/learner with cues for locating the potentially meaningful elements of such utterances. Research on syntactic simplifications is also discussed. Its aim was to examine the role and effect of syntactic and semantic cues on sen-tence interpretation. Two important questions were: (a) What are the processing strategies and cues responsible for the interpretation of Dutch sentences by native speakers, and how do they compare to those employed by nonnative speakers? (b) Are the processing stra-tegies and cues that are responsible and decisive for first language comprehension also those employed in second language comprehension? The performance of Dutch control subjects on a Dutch sentence interpretation task is presented, and hypotheses are put forward as to the locus and cause of eventual performance differences in a nonnative subject population (English learners of Dutch). Some relevant theoretical implications of our findings are also mentioned.

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Wang, Shengzheng, Guoqiang Dong, and Chunquan Sheng. "Structural Simplification of Natural Products." Chemical Reviews 119, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 4180–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00504.

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7

Atrek, Erdal. "Theorems of structural variation: A simplification." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21, no. 3 (March 1985): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210308.

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8

Zhai, Renjian, Anping Li, Jichong Yin, Jiawei Du, and Yue Qiu. "A Progressive Simplification Method for Buildings Based on Structural Subdivision." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070393.

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Building simplification is an important research area in automatic map generalization. Up to now, many approaches have been proposed by scholars. However, in the continuous transformation of scales for buildings, keeping the main shape characteristics, area, and orthogonality of buildings are always the key and difficult points. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of progressive simplification for buildings based on structural subdivision. In this paper, iterative simplification is adopted, which transforms the problem of building simplification into the simplification of the minimum details of building outlines. Firstly, a top priority structure (TPS) is determined, which represents the smallest detail in the outline of the building. Then, according to the orthogonality and concave–convex characteristics, the TPS are classified as 62 subdivisions, which cover the local structure of the building polygon. Then, the subdivisions are divided into four simplification types. The building is simplified to eliminate the TPS continuously, retaining the right-angle characteristics and area as much as possible, until the results satisfy the constraints and rules of simplification. A topographic dataset (1:1K) collected from Kadaster was used for our experiments. In order to evaluate the algorithm, many tests were undertaken, including tests of multi-scale simplification and simplification of typical buildings, which indicate that this method can realize multi-scale presentation of buildings. Compared with the existing simplification methods, the comparison results show that the proposed method can simplify buildings effectively, which has certain advantages in keeping shape characteristics, area, and rectangularity.

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Du, Shihong. "Analyzing topological changes for structural shape simplification." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 25, no. 4 (August 2014): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2013.12.001.

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Vermeiren, Jonathan, Selwyn L. Y. Villers, Lieve Wittemans, Wendy Vanlommel, Jeroen van Roy, Herman Marien, Jonas R. Coussement, and Kathy Steppe. "Quantifying the importance of a realistic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflet shape for 3-D light modelling." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz205.

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Abstract Background and Aims Leaflet shapes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) have been reduced to simple geometric shapes in previous functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) in order to facilitate measurements and reduce the time required to reconstruct the plant virtually. The level of error that such simplifications introduce remains unaddressed. This study therefore aims to quantify the modelling error associated with simplifying leaflet shapes. Methods Realistic shapes were implemented in a static tomato FSPM based on leaflet scans, and simulation results were compared to simple geometric shapes used in previous tomato FSPMs in terms of light absorption and gross photosynthesis, for both a single plant and a glasshouse scenario. Key Results The effect of simplifying leaflet shapes in FSPMs leads to small but significant differences in light absorption, alterations of canopy light conditions and differences in photosynthesis. The magnitude of these differences depends on both the type of leaflet shape simplification used and the canopy shape and density. Incorporation of realistic shapes requires a small increase in initial measurement and modelling work to establish a shape database and comes at the cost of a slight increase in computation time. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the error associated with leaflet shape simplification is small, but often unpredictable, and is affected by plant structure but also lamp placement, which is often a primary optimization goal of these static models. Assessment of the cost–benefit of realistic shape inclusion shows relatively little drawbacks for a decrease in model uncertainty.

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Kuhlmann, Ulrike. "Simplification of Codes." Structural Engineering International 22, no. 2 (May 2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2012.11985242.

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Al-Rousan, Thamer, and Hasan Abualese. "Simplifying the Structural Complexity of Software Systems." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2019-0026.

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Abstract Simplification of execution traces is peculiarly important in the case of software comprehension. The objective is to make execution traces in ways that are more tractable and less difficult. However, the simplification process is a difficult task, particularly, in object-oriented contexts. Due to coupling, execution traces of object-oriented systems involve the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon, which is a very complicated structure of dependencies. Therefore, the simplification process needs a well-established approach to be helpful for software comprehension. Otherwise, the simplified execution traces will be informative as their structures will involve several gaps that lead to a misunderstanding process. This research uses decoupling to guide the simplification of object-oriented execution traces. Specifically, decoupling truthfully can decrease the complexity of execution traces without eliminating the trace components and making numerous gaps in the trace structure. Then, decoupling can solve the problem of the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon. A controlled experiment was conducted to empirically validate the usefulness and effectivity of the suggested work. There was a significant statistical added value demonstrated in the time required and the accurate solutions of the tasks being solved. More precisely, 25% less time required with a 62% more correct solutions were achieved solving the experiment’s comprehension tasks.

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Conde, André, Eduardo Salete, and Miguel Á. Toledo. "Numerical Modeling of Cracked Arch Dams. Effect of Open Joints during the Construction Phase." Infrastructures 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9030048.

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Running a numerical model for a cracked arch dam that takes into account all the particularities of the materials and dam with a high level of detail has a great computational cost involved. For this reason, it is usual to simplify such a model in search of a simpler solution while preserving the characteristic of being representative, with all the particularities that the model of an arch dam has. A common simplification lies in not considering open transverse joints in the construction phase of a cracked dam. An aim of this study is to propose a methodology that combines open joints and cracking, something on which, to the authors’ knowledge, no studies have been published. An additional goal is a study of the need and adequacy of different approaches on performance (computational time) and its consequences for model accuracy. For this purpose, an accurate methodology for a stationary finite element method numerical simulation of deformations in cracked arch dams is presented. Using a tetrahedron mesh of a real dam, different simplifications commonly used in numerical models are compared. It is concluded that some of the standard simplifications produce a significant effect on the computation time and accuracy of the results.

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14

Zhou, Mingdong, and Michael Yu Wang. "Engineered Model Simplification for Simulation Based Structural Design." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2012.87-94.

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Cromley, Robert G., and Gerard M. Campbell. "Noninferior Bandwidth Line Simplification: Algorithm and Structural Analysis." Geographical Analysis 23, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1991.tb00219.x.

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Wang, Shengzheng, Guoqiang Dong, and Chunquan Sheng. "Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization." Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 9, no. 5 (September 2019): 880–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.004.

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Dhlamini, Zwelithini Bongani. "The structural and operational complementarity: Grade nine learners’ pitfalls and gains of simplifying algebraic expressions." Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): em2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13653.

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This study focused on the investigation of the structural and operational complementarity in the simplification of algebraic expressions. The dual nature of mathematical conceptions is the theoretical framework that underpin this study. Qualitative content analysis was employed as a method and research design to investigate the complementarity between the operational and structural learners’ conceptions of the simplification. The findings revealed that learners’ undeveloped and fragmented structures of algebra caused the inability to simplify expressions. Ironically, for the very few learners who managed to simplify expressions, used skills and knowledge of the previous grade. Irrespective of this, the complementarity of learners’ conceptions of systems and components is undoubtfully key to their success during the simplification of expressions. This study recommends teaching and learning of algebra should address the complementarity of the operational and structural notions.

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I. Tweissi, Adel. "Language Simplification and Language Globalization." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.8.1.10.

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Identifying the English language as having an international status in mind, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics or factors a language (any language) must exhibit in order to become a global language. The focus of the paper, however, will be on those characteristics rendering a language structurally simple. An argument that such characteristics represent the most important among all others to qualify a language as a candidate for a global role will follow..

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Shi, Zhenfeng, Hao Luo, and Xiamu Niu. "Saliency-based structural degradation evaluation of 3D mesh simplification." IEICE Electronics Express 8, no. 3 (2011): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.8.161.

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Dragos, Jonathon, Chengqing Wu, and Deric John Oehlers. "Simplification of fully confined blasts for structural response analysis." Engineering Structures 56 (November 2013): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.018.

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Halili, Ruzhdi, and Simona Kukovič. "Organizational and Structural Approaches on Administrative Simplification: The Case of Kosovo." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010018.

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Administrative simplification is a particular approach that is considered a key aspect to ensure the quality of regulations and legislation. The appropriate organizational and structural approach to managing, coordinating, and monitoring administrative simplification is an important factor. The institutional framework for managing and coordinating administrative simplification initiatives has been the subject of discussions in the Government of Kosovo for several years. The objective of this paper is therefore to analyze the institutional set up in the central administration, as well as gaps and challenges, and their implications for the implementation of such reforms in Kosovo. It also presents the context of the reforms implemented by the Kosovo state administration to simplify administration and reduce administrative burdens. Particular attention is paid to the importance, status of implementation, and administration of the Law on General Administrative Procedures. Several recommendations and options have been made based on the findings of this study, the authors’ first-hand experience, and best comparative international practice.

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Anderson, Edward J., and Khairy H. Al-Jamal. "Hydraulic-Network Simplification." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 121, no. 3 (May 1995): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1995)121:3(235).

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Hariandja, Binsar H., and Ika Bali. "Deviations Due to the Discrete Modeling of the Structures." PRESUNIVE CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (March 17, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/pcej.v1i1.4241.

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Real existing structures are generally complicated in geometry that might make them unsuitable or difficult for<br />the analyses. Several assumptions or simplifications are usually made by the practitioners to make them simpler and<br />may be analyzed in ease. The assumptions and/or simplifications might make the analyses much easier; however,<br />they might create some deviations from the true behavior of the structures, which are in fact, are not known precisely<br />to the analysts. The paper discusses some examples for simplifications in the analysis or the structural systems. The<br />examples include the types of the simplifications, and the deviations that caused by them. The types of<br />simplifications are in the case of material behavior, the geometry of the system, an in the case of connectivity of the<br />structural components. The results signify the importance of wisdom in the setting of the simplifications and the<br />assumptions to make the analyses easier but with dependable results.

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de S. Pippi, Augusto, Pedro L. Bernardes Júnior, Suzana M. Avila, Marcus V. G. de Morais, and Graciela Doz. "Limitations of a dynamic shear-frame model based in a small-scale experimental steel structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 211 (2018): 14005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821114005.

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Many engineering problems require geometric modeling and mechanical simulation of structures. Through the structural models, engineers try to simulate the real behavior of these structures. It is important that a model contain all the necessary parameters that describe the structure and its behavior during its useful life. In the field of dynamics, one of the most used models is the shear-frame, in which the stiffness of the structure is given by the stiffness of the columns and the whole mass is concentrated in the floor levels, which are considered with infinite stiffness. In some cases, this simplification offers more conservative results, which can lead to considerable errors, especially in the case of natural frequencies. Knowing that the quality of a structural model depends on the simplifications considered, an experimental 3D steel frame, constructed to typify the dynamic behavior of a tall building, was tested with a data acquisition system and accelerometers, in order to obtain its natural frequencies. In addition, a numerical model was developed in order to ascertain the results. These values of natural frequencies are compared with an idealized shear-frame model obtained from the experimental model. This comparison allows a critical analysis of the numerical models that can be employed to represent the real dynamic behavior of structures. The aim of the investigation is to show the results of the modal analysis for each model, comparing them with the experimental results and commenting their advantages and the limitations.

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Akinlotan, Mayowa. "The Structural Simplification Hypothesis and the Premodifiers in Nigerian English." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/2 (September 17, 2018): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.04.

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This paper conducts a corpus-based study of the occurrence/non-occurrence, structural pattern, and forms of the premodifier in the Nigerian English noun phrase, comparing the scenarios that emerge with those of the British and Ghanaian varieties of English. These three phenomena, which are crucial to the nature of premodifier in new varieties of English, are investigated in relation to predictors representing syntactic function, register, post-dependent syntactic weight, and animacy, showing, among other things, the extent to which structural complexity/simplicity is present in the structure of the premodifiers studied. Corpus findings indicate that premodifiers are more likely to occur (53%) than not (47%) and that simple premodifiers (i.e. one-word premodifier structural pattern (79%)) are significantly preferred to complex premodifiers (i.e. two-word at 17% and longer patterns at 4%). Relating to form, single premodifiers are most likely to be realized as adjectives. It is also found that the alternation between simple and complex premodifiers is most strongly predicted by the syntactic functions that the NP performs, as well as the syntactic weight present in the post dependent slot. Register, which is reputed as a very strong indicator of structural variation (Schils and De Haan 1993; Biber et al. 2007; Schilk and Schaub 2016) is outweighed by syntactic function and post-dependent weight.

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Shen, Renjie, Xiangdong Qian, and Jianfang Zhou. "Direct integration for non-viscous structural systems and its simplification." Mechanics Research Communications 95 (January 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2018.11.004.

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Madelaine, Guillaume, Cédric Lhoussaine, Joachim Niehren, and Elisa Tonello. "Structural simplification of chemical reaction networks in partial steady states." Biosystems 149 (November 2016): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.08.003.

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Zhou, Lin-Lin, and Cai-Guang Yang. "Structural insights into the evolutionary simplification of human ClpP activators." Structure 31, no. 2 (February 2023): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2023.01.002.

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González, Carlos, Pascual Castelló, Miguel Chover, Mateu Sbert, Miquel Feixas, and Jesús Gumbau. "Simplification method for textured polygonal meshes based on structural appearance." Signal, Image and Video Processing 7, no. 3 (March 16, 2013): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-013-0450-5.

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Shaumi, Dewi Rahmatika, Syamsul Ma’arif, and Asep Taryana. "The Effect of Organizational Change on Enhancing Government Employee Performance." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 11 (November 28, 2023): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231155.

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Bureaucratic simplification is one of the focuses of the 5 Priorities of the Advanced Indonesian Cabinet under the leadership of President Joko Widodo and Ma'ruf Amin for the 2019-2024 period. The bureaucratic simplification stage consists of three stages, namely simplifying the organizational structure to 2 levels, equalizing administrative/structural positions into functional positions, and adjusting the work system. The bureaucratic simplification is expected to create a dynamic, agile, and professional bureaucracy in supporting public service performance and can have a positive impact on employee performance. However, after the implementation of this policy, several reactions needed to be in line with expectations, especially in terms of employee job satisfaction. In this study, bureaucratic simplification is described by an organizational change in the government sector, with a research locus at The Ministry of Industry of The Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of organizational change on employee performance through job satisfaction. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire using Google form. The questionnaire results were processed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of this study indicate that organizational change has a direct effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a direct effect on employee performance. However, organizational change has no direct effect on organizational performance. Organizational change can affect employee performance through the mediation of job satisfaction. Keywords: Bureaucratic simplification, employee performance, job satisfaction, organizational change, SEM-PLS.

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Yao, Xiao Peng, Guo Fu Yin, and Hui Fang. "The Simplication Algorithm and Characteristic Analysis of Variable Cross-Section Beam of Machining Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.356.

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According to the spatial arbitrary cross-section beam simplification redundancy and coupled problem of model constraint mutually relation, for the variable cross-section beam of 5-axis gantry machine tools, a new beam simplification algorithm and the average second inertia concept is created by structural mechanics theory. Under gravity and cutting load of beam, It applied simplification algorithm and finite element analysis software (Nastran) to study the static and dynamic characteristic comparatively, deformation relative errors are less than 5%. The modal analysis of beams get the order natural frequency and vibration mode, contrast analysis with experimental value, the relative errors are less than 9% each other. Through theoretical analysis and experimental data shows that the simplification algorithm is practicability and accuracy, it play a role in the key components of machine tools analytical characteristics and machine tools of performance prediction.

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Nikièma, Emmanuel. "Government-Licensing and Consonant Cluster Simplification in Quebec French." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 44, no. 4 (December 1999): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100017461.

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AbstractThis article is a reanalysis of cluster simplification in Quebec French (QF) in terms of government-licensing, a condition which requires non-nuclear governing heads to be licensed by a following vowel. It is suggested, contra Côté (1997, 1998), that simplification is triggered by a structural constraint rather than a constraint on sonority. It is shown that in QF, simplification does not apply to word internal clusters such asappartementandvendredibecause the following vowel is realized, but applies to forms liketableandcasque, and converts them into [tab] and [kas] respectively at the surface level due to the lack of a final vowel. However, cluster reduction does not apply to final clusters such asbarbe, gorge, andsoldein which the first member is a liquid. To account for why simplification applies in one case and not in the other, it is suggested that the two types of final clusters differ with respect to syllabification: liquids are within branching nuclei, whereas the first member of other clusters is within a branching rhyme. The case of word-final cluster simplification attested in Haitian Creole is also examined.

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Andrason, Alexander. "Grammaticalization in Fanakalo: simplification, complexification, and acceleration." Studies in African Linguistics 52, no. 1and2 (April 29, 2024): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.52.1and2.135719.

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The present article studies the structure of the resultative stream (a part of the verbal system that hosts grams diachronically evolving along and synchronically modelled by means of the resultative path: resultative > perfect > perfective/past and resultative > stative > present) in the Fanakalo pidgin as compared to the lexifier Nguni languages (Zulu/Xhosa). The evidence indicates that the organization of the resultative stream in Fanakalo is different from that found in Nguni, attesting to both simplification and complexification, as well as the acceleration of the movement along the resultative path and the cline of structural grammaticalization. This corroborates the views concerning the increase in complexity of stabilized and expanded pidgins and the observation suggesting the acceleration of grammaticalization processes in a situation of contact.

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Jiang, Zhigan, Na Liu, Dandan Hu, Guoqiang Dong, Zhenyuan Miao, Jianzhong Yao, Haiying He, et al. "The discovery of novel antifungal scaffolds by structural simplification of the natural product sampangine." Chemical Communications 51, no. 78 (2015): 14648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc05699c.

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Chapman, C. D., and M. J. Jakiela. "Genetic Algorithm-Based Structural Topology Design With Compliance and Topology Simplification Considerations." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826862.

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The genetic algorithm (GA), an optimization technique based on the theory of natural selection, is applied to structural topology design problems. After reviewing the genetic algorithm and previous research in structural topology optimization, we detail the chromosome-to-design representation which enables the genetic algorithm to perform structural topology optimization. Extending our prior investigations, this article first compares our genetic-algorithm-based technique with homogenization methods in the minimization of a structure’s compliance subject to a maximum volume constraint. We then use our technique to generate topologies combining high structural performance with a variety of material connectivity characteristics which arise directly from our discretized design representation. After discussing our findings, we describe potential future work.

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Linnemann, A. "A further simplification in the proof of the structural controllability theorem." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 31, no. 7 (July 1986): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.1986.1104350.

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Ersal, Tulga, Hosam K. Fathy, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Structural simplification of modular bond-graph models based on junction inactivity." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2008.02.010.

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Attwood, Michael R., Elizabeth A. Conway, Rachel M. Dunsdon, John R. Greening, Balraj K. Handa, Philip S. Jones, Steven C. Jordan, Elizabeth Keech, and Francis X. Wilson. "Peptide based inhibitors of interleukin-8: structural simplification and enhanced potency." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 7, no. 4 (February 1997): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00036-x.

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Puszkarz, A. K., R. Korycki, and I. Krucinska. "Simulations of Heat Transport Phenomena in a Three-Dimensional Model of Knitted Fabric." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0042.

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Abstract The main goal of the current work is to analyse the three-dimensional approach for modelling knitted fabric structures for future analysis of physical properties and thermal phenomena. The introduced model assumes some simplification of morphology. First, fibres in knitted fabrics are described as monofilaments characterized by isotropic thermal properties. The current form of the considered knitted fabric is determined by morphological properties of the used monofilament and simplification of the stitch shape. This simplification was based on a particular technology for the knitting process that introduces both geometric parameters and physical material properties. Detailed descriptions of heat transfer phenomena can also be considered. A sensitivity analysis of the temperature field with respect to selected structural parameters was also performed.

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Ishii, Hiroaki T., Shin-ichi Tanabe, and Tsutom Hiura. "Exploring the Relationships Among Canopy Structure, Stand Productivity, and Biodiversity of Temperate Forest Ecosystems." Forest Science 50, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/50.3.342.

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Abstract Impacts of human activity on forest ecosystems are most pronounced in the temperate region. Simplification of stand structure has resulted in diminished ecosystem function and biodiversity decline, raising much debate over future management policies. Ecosystem functions and biodiversity may be enhanced by managing forests for increased structural complexity. However, processes that determine relationships among structural complexity, ecosystem functions, and biodiversity of forest ecosystems remain unclear. In this review, we present examples of studies conducted at two canopy research facilities located in different types of temperate forest to illustrate that structural complexity of forest canopies enhances stand productivity and biodiversity: (1) development of structurally complex canopies comprising various tree species enhances stand productivity by promoting complementary resource utilization among species through spatial, physiological, and temporal differentiation; and (2) development of complex canopy structure enhances biodiversity of canopy-dwelling organisms by creating a resource-rich habitat. These ecological observations stress the importance of including three-dimensional structural attributes of forest canopies in management plans and silvicultural prescriptions that aim to maintain ecosystem functions and biodiversity. FOR. SCI. 50(3):342–355.

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Yamaguchi, Mayumi, Akira Matsuda, and Satoshi Ichikawa. "Synthesis of isoxazolidine-containing uridine derivatives as caprazamycin analogues." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 4 (2015): 1187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02142h.

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MIAO, YUAN, ZHI-QIANG LIU, XUE HON TAO, ZHI QI SHEN, and CHUN WEN LI. "SIMPLIFICATION, MERGING AND DIVISION OF FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 02, no. 02 (June 2002): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000555.

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Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) is a powerful and flexible framework for knowledge representation and causal inference. However, in most real applications, it is difficult to design and analyze FCMs due to their structural complexity. Simplification, merging, and division are the important operations on the structure of FCMs. In this paper we present approaches to simplifying FCMs. These approaches show how to clean up a FCM, how to divide a complex FCM into basic FCMs, and how to extract the eigen structure of these basic FCMs. Two improved methods for merging FCMs from different human experts are also proposed in this paper. We discuss difficulties in merging FCMs and present possible solutions.

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Xiang, Hanyu, Xianfeng Huang, Feng Lan, Chong Yang, Yunlong Gao, Wenyu Wu, and Fan Zhang. "A Shape-Preserving Simplification Method for Urban Building Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11110562.

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With the expansion of model scale and the improvement of model accuracy, the real-time rendering and displaying of 3D mesh models remain infeasible. To relieve such pressure, mesh simplification methods have been proposed to reduce the structural complexity while preserving the appearance. This work introduces a shape-preserving simplification method for urban building models. Compared to traditional simplification methods that only consider preserving local geometric features, we also consider the overall shapes of building models to avoid collapse with an increased simplification rate. The proposed method works in four steps. First, we filter mesh models to yield planar structures while preserving sharp features. Second, we detect the shapes of planar regions. Third, we simplify the planar and non-planar regions constrained by the overall shapes and local geometric features. Finally, we remap the texture. Experiments show the effectiveness of this method by evaluating it on various building models and comparing its performance with the original QEM algorithms. Furthermore, we maintain better spatial consistency in building models with different levels of detail (LOD) than traditional methods.

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Watkins, Michael. "Strategic Simplification: Toward a Theory of Modular Design in Negotiation." International Negotiation 8, no. 1 (2003): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234003769590695.

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AbstractUsing Richard Holbrooke's negotiations in Bosnia as an instructive example, this article examines structural complexity as a barrier to agreement and proposes approaches to "strategic simplification" that are inspired by research on modular design of new products. This article represents an initial step toward development of a broader theory of complexity management in negotiation.

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Glaeser, Robert M., and Kenneth H. Downing. "Assessment of resolution in biological electron crystallography." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086751.

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In the present context the discussion of “biological electron crystallography” will be limited to structural studies of thin, two-dimensional (2-D) crystals, although a broader definition, including even single molecules, is certainly justified. The restriction to 2-D crystals provides the useful simplification that all of the information about the specimen-structure is confined to discrete diffraction spots in the computed Fourier transform of the electron micrographs. The absolute limit of resolution in a structural study is then given by the highest resolution term in the computed Fourier series that is used to synthesize a density-map representation of the specimen, which may be either a 2-D projection or a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The apparent simplicity of the above definition of “limiting resolution” disguises the fact that the structurally useful, or practical limit of resolution must invariably be somewhat poorer than the objectively determined resolution of the “highest resolution spot” included in the Fourier synthesis of a density map.

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Gorodetskyi, Viktor, and Mykola Osadchuk. "Simplification of a reconstructed model." International Journal of Dynamics and Control 7, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40435-019-00579-w.

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Yang, Min, Xiongfeng Yan, Xiang Zhang, and Xingong Li. "Constrained trajectory simplification with speed preservation." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 47, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2019.1618200.

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Goulet, James-A., Marie Texier, Clotaire Michel, Ian F. C. Smith, and Luc Chouinard. "Quantifying the Effects of Modeling Simplifications for Structural Identification of Bridges." Journal of Bridge Engineering 19, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000510.

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Hintz, Cassie, and Hussain Bahia. "Simplification of Linear Amplitude Sweep Test and Specification Parameter." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2370, no. 1 (January 2013): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2370-02.

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Kvaraia, Irakli, and Ioseb Giorgobiani. "SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCHED ROOFING CONSTRUCTION." Architecture and Engineering 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2023-8-2-58-62.

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In this paper, we discuss issues arising in the construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete arched roofs and ways to simplify their design. Despite the versatility of existing mold systems in construction, shell-type roofing structures are entirely different from other structural elements widely used in construction practice in terms of their outline and overall dimensions. Therefore, to erect them, it is necessary to build an individual mold system, which would provide the appropriate spatial shape for cast-in-situ reinforced concrete roofing. Due to the scale of shell roofs, the installation of such mold systems is often associated with significant difficulties as it requires a large, bulky structure above the ground surface with the use of load-bearing scaffolding and planking. This results in issues of building individual elements and the entire mold system and accurately placing them in the design position, which can be solved quite easily using the experience gained from similar works. As a demonstration of this, an example of the arched roof construction for the church named after the Mother of God of Iveria, the second largest church in Georgia, was given a few years ago. At the time, the main difficulty was manufacturing and installing wooden arch molds, which was quickly overcome due to considering several practical measures in advance.

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