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Rapa, Alessandro. "Simple objects in the heart of a t-structure." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369193.
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Historically, the study of modules over finite dimensional algebras has started with the study of the ones with finite dimension. This is sufficient when dealing with a finite dimensional algebra of finite representation type, where there are only finitely many indecomposable modules of finite length. Indecomposable modules of infinite length occur when dealing with algebras of infinite representation type and the study of pure-injective modules over a finite dimensional algebra is crucial for the problem of describing infinite dimensional modules. In this talk, we consider a specific class of finite dimensional algebras of infinite representation type, called "tubular algebras". Pure-injective modules over tubular algebra have been partially classified by Angeleri Hügel and Kussin, in 2016, and we want to give a contribution to the classification of the ones of "irrational slope". In this talk, first, via a derived equivalence, we move to a more geometrical framework, ie. we work in the category of quasi-coherent sheaves over a tubular curve, and we approach our classification problem from the point of view of tilting/cotilting theory. More precisely, we consider specific torsion pairs cogenerated by infinite dimensional cotilting sheaves and we study the Happel-Reiten-Smalø heart of the corresponding t-structure in the derived category. These hearts are locally coherent Grothendieck categories and, in these categories, the pure-injective sheaves over the tubular curve become injective objects. In order to study injective objects in a Grothendieck category is fundamental the classification of the simple objects. In the seminar, we use some techniques coming from continued fractions and universal extensions to provide a method to construct an infinite dimensional sheaf of a prescribed irrational slope that becomes simple in the Grothendieck category given as the heart of a precise t-structure.
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Rapa, Alessandro. "Simple objects in the heart of a t-structure." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3769/1/PhD_Thesis_Rapa.pdf.
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Historically, the study of modules over finite dimensional algebras has started with the study of the ones with finite dimension. This is sufficient when dealing with a finite dimensional algebra of finite representation type, where there are only finitely many indecomposable modules of finite length. Indecomposable modules of infinite length occur when dealing with algebras of infinite representation type and the study of pure-injective modules over a finite dimensional algebra is crucial for the problem of describing infinite dimensional modules. In this talk, we consider a specific class of finite dimensional algebras of infinite representation type, called "tubular algebras". Pure-injective modules over tubular algebra have been partially classified by Angeleri Hügel and Kussin, in 2016, and we want to give a contribution to the classification of the ones of "irrational slope". In this talk, first, via a derived equivalence, we move to a more geometrical framework, ie. we work in the category of quasi-coherent sheaves over a tubular curve, and we approach our classification problem from the point of view of tilting/cotilting theory. More precisely, we consider specific torsion pairs cogenerated by infinite dimensional cotilting sheaves and we study the Happel-Reiten-Smalø heart of the corresponding t-structure in the derived category. These hearts are locally coherent Grothendieck categories and, in these categories, the pure-injective sheaves over the tubular curve become injective objects. In order to study injective objects in a Grothendieck category is fundamental the classification of the simple objects. In the seminar, we use some techniques coming from continued fractions and universal extensions to provide a method to construct an infinite dimensional sheaf of a prescribed irrational slope that becomes simple in the Grothendieck category given as the heart of a precise t-structure.
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Leydold, Josef. "A Simple Universal Generator for Continuous and Discrete Univariate T-concave Distributions." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1756/1/document.pdf.
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We use inequalities to design short universal algorithms that can be used to generate random variates from large classes of univariate continuous or discrete distributions (including all log-concave distributions). The expected time is uniformly bounded over all these distributions. The algorithms can be implemented in a few lines of high level language code. In opposition to other black-box algorithms hardly any setup step is required and thus it is superior in the changing parameter case. (author's abstract)Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing
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Knauss, Lisa Monika [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Heinzner, and Alan T. [Gutachter] Huckleberry. "Spherical algebraic subalgebras of real simple Lie algebras of rank 1 / Lisa Monika Knauss ; Gutachter: Peter Heinzner, Alan T. Huckleberry." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123283273/34.
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Rosset, Pierre. "Gastronomie, éducation et citoyenneté : l'enfant de la cantine d'aujourd'hui sera-t-il demain un citoyen éduqué ou un simple consommateur ?" Lille 3, 2003. https://ressources-electroniques.univ-lille.fr/login?url=https://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343118949.
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L'histoire de l'éducation qui sous-tend notre recherche est celle qui passe par la reconnaissance de l'enfant en tant qu'être libre, futur citoyen d'une société démocratique, qui aura d'autant plus de chance de se maintenir qu'elle sera, non seulement fondée en raison mais sur le plaisir partagé, dont l'un des moments clés est le repas dans la convivialité de la conversation issu du plaisir de manger des choses bonnes. C'est pourquoi nous prenons le moment du repas comme pivot de notre analyse d'une éducation conduisant au savoir et à la vie sociale, au respect de l'autre et à la citoyenneté, par la gastronomie, elle-même fondée sur une "science de gueule" (Montaigne) et sur une gastrosophie (Fourier). L'œuvre clé à laquelle nous nous référons est celle de Rabelais. Ainsi, dans cette thèse - nous appuyant sur une bibliographie de la science de la gueule - nous essayons de répondre à ce qui nous apparaît être un paradoxe actuel en France : pourquoi la gastronomie, la gourmandise - si présentes sur les rayons de nos librairies - , franchissent-elles si peu la porte des cantines ? Et défendons l'idée que si l'école, dès son origine, ne s'est pas sentie concernée par la cantine, elle pourrait être un réel lieu d'acquisition d'autonomie et de citoyenneté : un enfant qui mange avec plaisir est un enfant qui vit et apprend bien. Pourra-t-il un jour le faire reconnaître ? Lui en donnerons-nous l'occasion ?
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Kaya, Zehra Gozde. "Developing A Gis Based Methodology For Decision Making For Multiobjective Recreational Areas, Case Study : Eastern Black Sea Region." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607288/index.pdf.
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In this study, a method is proposed for decision making for multiobjective recreational areas, by using multi attribute decision making rules within GIS. The method provides integration of ecological, sociocultural and economic considerations of an ecologically valuable area in a systematic way. The first stage of the methodology includes determination of suitable areas for three usages of forest areaoutdoor recreation, timber production and protection needed areas. The second stage comprises decision making analyses. In this stage, two of multi attribute decision rule methods
simple additive weighting method and ideal point method, are used. As a result of these analyses alternative proposal maps for study area and ideal areas for recreation and timber production are acquired. Finally, in the third stage these alternative proposal maps and ideal area are compared with each other and with defined protection zone in the study area. Ideal areas for recreation and timber production are defined by also considering the protection needed areas. The methodology is applied on Eastern Black Sea Region. As a result of the study, ideal areas both for recreational usage and timber production are defined. According to these ideal areas, best fitting alternative map is selected. Finally recreation and timber production proposals are compared with protection needed areas. Results of this study provide a general decision for multipurposed areas in regional scale. The suggested protection zones and suitable areas for recreation and timber production should provide a primary information for forest management studies which must be done in more detailed scales.
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Errami, Jalal. "Modélisation d'un simple brin d'ADN : Configuration en "épingle à cheveux"." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00156784.
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Les « DNA beacons » sont des molécules composées de simple brins d'ADN dont les deux bouts contiennent des bases complémentaires et auxquels on attache un fluorophore et un quencher. Ainsi, ces deux extrémités peuvent s'assembler pour former un bout de double hélice d'ADN que nous appelons « stem », la partie centrale du brin forme alors une sorte de boucle. On appelle cette structure la configuration en « épingle à cheveux ». Un aspect important de cette structure est qu'elle représente des systèmes simples permettant une étude détaillée de l'assemblage/désassemblage de la double hélice d'ADN. Nous avons développé deux modèles différents pour étudier la thermodynamique et la cinétique de ces systèmes. Le premier est un modèle sur réseau inspiré des modèles utilisés pour l'étude des repliements des protéines. Le deuxième est un modèle qui inclut les ingrédients physiques du premier modèle mais sans la contrainte apportée par le réseau. Il combine la théorie des polymères et le modèle de Peyrard-Bishop et Dauxois (PBD) pour la double hélice. Avec cette nouvelle approche, nous sommes capable de comparer quantitativement nos résultats théoriques avec les résultats expérimentaux.
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Li, Qing. "SIMPL-T: SDL intended for management and planning of tests." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26694.
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The correctness and completeness of the requirement specifications are critical in the software lifecycle. Validation of the specifications against the user requirements is essential for ensuring software quality and reducing development cost. SDL (Specification and Description Language) specifications may be validated using TTCN (Testing and Test Control Notation); however TTCN has a much wider scope and broader purpose. For testing SDL specifications, only a small part of TTCN is needed. Therefore, for many projects and organizations, it is not economical or efficient to use TTCN to validate SDL specifications. This thesis introduces a new language SIMPL-T (SDL Intended for Management and Planning of Tests), which is a simple test language for SDL specifications. It is defined as a minimal extension of existing SDL features so as to provide essential test specification functionality. It is understandable to persons familiar with SDL, and therefore immediately useful for SDL users.
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Garrione, Maurizio. "Existence and multiplicity of solutions to boundary value problems associated with nonlinear first order planar systems." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4930.
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The monograph is devoted to the study of nonlinear first order systems in the plane where the principal term is the gradient of a positive and positively 2-homogeneous Hamiltonian (or the convex combination of two of such gradients). After some preliminaries about positively 2-homogeneous autonomous systems, some results of existence and multiplicity of T-periodic solutions are presented in case of bounded or sublinear nonlinear perturbations. Our attention is mainly focused on the occurrence of resonance phenomena, and the corresponding results rely essentially on conditions of Landesman-Lazer or Ahmad-Lazer-Paul type. The techniques used are predominantly topological, exploiting the theory of coincidence degree and the use of the Poincaré-Birkhoff fixed point theorem. At the end, other boundary conditions, including the Sturm-Liouville ones, are taken into account, giving the corresponding existence and multiplicity results in a nonresonant situation via the shooting method and topological arguments.
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Baird, William H. "Development of a Novel Model for Exploring the Role of Regulatory T-cells in Oncolytic HSV Cancer Therapy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307443026.
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Garland, Russell John. "The ex-vivo expansion of human CD8'+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to herpes simplex virus." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324367.
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Yu, Uet. "Effects of Herpes Simplex Virus on cutaneous γδ T Cells in Mice and Men." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16370.
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γδT cells are a rare population of T cells predominantly identified in mucoepithelial tissues including the skin that modulate both innate and adaptive responses. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a medically important pathogen that often initially enters through the skin. In this thesis, I first observed that HSV productively infects epidermal γδT cells by detecting de novo viral gene transcription in vitro, providing the first evidence that epidermal γδT cells are important for the transmission of HSV. Using a flank infection model of HSV, I demonstrate that the presence of γδT cells in the murine skin is associated with increased severity of herpetic lesions, increased inflammation and increased spread of infectious HSV-1 to the ganglia and the site of recurrent infection, probably due to a weaker IFN-γ response at the primary site of infection. Epidermal and dermal γδT cells also have distinct roles during flank HSV infection of mice. Epidermal γδT cells regulate T cell effector function at the primary site and dermal γδT cells contribute to the subsequent viral inflammation and pathogenesis of recurrent herpetic lesions at the secondary site. Using human surgical skin explants, I observe that γδT cells are attracted towards the epidermis during early HSV infection then are gradually attracted towards the deep dermis during late infection, probably driven by chemoattractants mediated by neutrophils and/or chemokines such as CCL2/MCP1. γδT cells in the HSV infected human skin appeared to have close interactions with LCs, neutrophils, and IL-17 producing cells, suggesting these cells may interact to contribute to the downstream immunological effects. Taken together, I highlight the importance of γδT cells in the immune response to HSV infection in both mice and humans, leading to a potential augment to the therapeutic or vaccination strategies against diseases related to HSV and other viruses.
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Edelmann, Kurt H. "Murine T cell immunity to primary herpes simplex virus infection : roles for costimulation and MHC class I antigen presentation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5037.
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Elftman, Michael D. Bonneau Robert Harold. "Stress-induced glucocorticoids impair dendritic cell function, compromising CD8+ T cell responses to herpes simplex virus." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4375/index.html.
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Tscharke, David C. "Transcriptional analysis of the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in acute neural herpes simplex virus infection /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht877.pdf.
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Svensson, Alexandra. "Immune regulation of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection : special emphasis on the transcription Factor T-bet /." Göteborg : Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/852.
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Guo, Jing. "Diagnosing Changes in Cells Using FTIR Microspectroscopy." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/47.
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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy has shown promise as an analytical tool for detecting changes in cells and tissues, such as those due to viral infection, apoptosis induction or malignancy. In many cases, diagnosis via FTIR microscopy can be undertaken on a timescale shorter than that required for other physical or histological techniques.
In this work we have used FTIR microscopy to study Vero cells that have been infected with herpes simplex virus (type I) and adenovirus. We have studied cellular samples at various time intervals following exposure to the virus. Several spectral regions were identified that allow discrimination between infected and uninfected Vero cell samples at 24 hours post exposure to both HSV1 and adenovirus. Spectral features were also identified that could be used to discriminate infected cells within 2-6 hours after exposure to both viruses. FTIR microscopy is therefore a useful tool for following the kinetics of viral infection in the 2-24 hours time range, at least at the levels of infection used in this study.
In a second type of study, FTIR microscopy was used to study apoptosis induction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia T-cells. Apoptosis was induced in T-cells in three different ways. We show that FTIR microscopy can be used to distinguish T-cells in the early stages of apoptosis from normal cells. We also provide data that may suggest that FTIR microscopy can distinguish cells that have undergone apoptosis via different pathways.
For most of the FTIR microscopic studies on cellular samples we have focused on the collection of spectral data in the 1500-800 cm-1 region. Spectra were collected for control cells and variously treated cells. The two sets of cells were then analyzed statistically using: 1) pair-wise comparison, 2) logistic regression, 3) partial least square regression, 4) principle component fed linear discriminant analysis and 5) hierarchical cluster analysis. The statistical analyses rigorously quantify to what extent treated and untreated cells can be distinguished. Since different statistical methods give differing results for the same data, it is important the right statistical method should be applied. The basis for these differences is discussed.
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Guativa, Lina Milena Huertas. "Medida da seção de choque difrativa simples dσ/d|t| a √s = 8 TeV no experimento CMS." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6247.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA análise descrita nesta dissertação tem como objetivo a medida da seção de choque difrativa dσ/d|t| à energia no sistema do centro de massa de √s = 8 TeV. Os eventos usados para obter a seção de choque difrativa foram selecionados para processos de difração simples com um próton espalhado na região frontal e na região cinemática de 0,03 <|t| < 1,0 GeV e 0,03 < ξ < 0.1, usando os dados em comum obtidos em 2012 dos detectores CMS e TOTEM, o qual permite ter uma perspectiva mais detalhada do processo difrativo, devido à aceitação completa que oferece a combinação dos detectores. Os dados foram corrigidos devido à aceitação e eficiência do detector. A partir de uma parametrização exponencial da forma Ae ^Bt, o valor da inclinação do processo em que o próton espalhado é detectado em ambas as direções positiva da CMS é de B= -6,403 1,241 GeV- .
The goal of the analysis presented in this dissertation is the measurement of the diffractive cross section dσ/d|t| at center of mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. The events were selected for single diffractive processes with one scattering proton in the forward region and the kinematic region of 0,03 <|t| < 1,0 GeV e 0,03 < ξ < 0.1, using the data collected during 2012 by both the CMS and TOTEM detectors, whose joint acceptance allows a more detailed perspective of the diffractive processes. The data were corrected for the effects of detector acceptance and efficiency. Since the exponential parametrization Ae ^Bt was fit to data, the value obtained for the slope for a precess when the scattering proton is detected in both positive or negative regions of CMS is of B= -6,403 1,241 GeV- .
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Oliveira, Guilherme de. "A auto-organiza??o do progresso t?cnico e das mudan?as clim?ticas num modelo simples de evolu??o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3926.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-26This study examines the relationship between technical change and climate change in the micro level that has global consequences. For this purpose, we use the Bak-Sneppen model of Evolution, a model developed by Bak and Sneppen (1993) and used in biological systems. The model specifies a number N of agents on an ecosystem, each with a variable that determines the fitness adaptability on this environment. Furthermore, there behavioral rules that are repeated t times in time: 1) the agent with the lowest fitness is selected for mutation, and 2) mutations also occur in the neighboring agents with lower fitness. In this investigation has adapted to the Bak-Sneppen model for the economy, assuminga number N of firms that have two fitness variables, one that represents the technical change and another his care for the environment. To support technical change appealed to the Theory of Induced Technical Change, and climate change to the Theory of Sustainable Development in its complex aspect. From computer simulations of the highlights are three scenarios that describe the complex relationships between technical progress and climate change: the scenario has been called the most probable, and to incorporate the debate is one in which firms aim to maximize their technical and some of them can adopt clean technologies and not others, which makes both systems self-organize at a critical level approximately equal to 0.4 fitness. The adverse scenario is one in which the correlation between technical change and the environment is negative, and technical improvements are polluting and every company that wants to decrease their environmental externalities have to reduce technology. In this scenario, both systems and no changes its threshold is close to 0. Finally, the stage was called the ideal one in which the relationship between technical change and climate change is positive, it is assumed only firms adopt clean technologies. In this, both systems are evolving rapidly, reaching steady state at the threshold of 0.6.
O presente estudo analisa a rela??o entre o progresso tecnol?gico e as mudan?as clim?ticas no plano microecon?mico que apresenta consequ?ncias globais. Para tanto, utiliza-se o modelo de Bak-Sneppen, um modelo desenvolvido por Bak e Sneppen (1993) e que trata da evolu??o biol?gica. O modelo especifica um n?mero N de agentes dispostos num ecossistema, cada um com uma vari?vel fitness que determina sua capacidade de adapta??o relativa a esse meio. Ademais, existem regras comportamentais que s?o repetidas t vezes no tempo: 1) o agente com menor fitness ? selecionado para muta??o; e 2) muta??es tamb?m ocorrem nos agentes vizinhos ao de menor fitness. Nessa investiga??o adaptou-se o modelo de Bak-Sneppen para a economia, supondo um n?mero N de firmas que apresentam duas vari?veis fitness, um que representa a mudan?a t?cnica e outro o seu cuidado com o meio ambiente. Para sustentar teoricamente a mudan?a t?cnica recorreu-se a Teoria do Progresso T?cnico Induzido, e no as mudan?as clim?ticas a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel em seu aspecto complexo. A partir das simula??es computacionais destacaram-se tr?s cen?rios que descrevem as rela??es complexas entre progresso t?cnico e mudan?as clim?ticas: o cen?rio que se chamou de mais prov?vel, por incorporar bem o debate ? aquele em que as firmas objetivam maximizar sua t?cnica e algumas delas podem adotar tecnologias limpas e outras n?o, o que faz com que ambos os sistemas se auto-organizem num n?vel cr?tico aproximadamente igual a 0,4 de fitness. O cen?rio desfavor?vel ? aquele em que a correla??o entre a mudan?a t?cnica e o meio ambiente ? negativa, assim melhorias t?cnicas s?o poluidoras e toda firma que deseja diminuir suas externalidades ambientais tem que reduzir tecnologia. Nesse cen?rio, em ambos os sistemas n?o houve evolu??o e seu limiar fica pr?ximo a 0. Por fim, o cen?rio chamado de ideal foi aquele em que a rela??o entre mudan?a t?cnica e mudan?a clim?tica ? positiva, nele sup?e-se as firmas adotam apenas tecnologias limpas. Nesse, ambos os sistemas evoluem rapidamente, atingindo o estado estacion?rio no limiar de 0,6.
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Le, Campion Armelle. "Mécanisme et rôle de l'expansion des thymocytes pré-migrants." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066217.
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Dalcin, Rafael Luciano. "Efeitos da energia de soldagem e consumíveis sobre a resistência à flexão de juntas "T" soldadas em perfis tubulares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141104.
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O uso de aços de alta resistência mecânica vem crescendo significativamente, principalmente em situações onde é necessário um material com grande limite elástico para a conformação a frio e boa soldabilidade. Nessas aplicações, a elevada resistência reduz o peso e/ou aumenta a carga que pode ser suportada pelas estruturas produzidas. A introdução dos aços fabricados por processamento termomecânico controlado (TMCP) demandou maiores propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas das juntas soldadas sobre eles produzidas. Em função desses fatores, a energia de soldagem é estritamente limitada, e para evitar uma eventual redução da resistência mecânica da zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC), é necessário testar os procedimentos de soldagem próximos daqueles que serão usados na estrutura real. O objetivo deste estudo é obter dados detalhados referentes à eficiência mecânica de juntas soldadas por MAG e com diferentes energias, sobre perfis tubulares quadrados em aço TMCP, formando um conjunto soldado coluna/viga. Seis energias de soldagem e dois metais de adição foram utilizados (AWS ER80S-G e AWS ER120S-G), o primeiro somente com as soldas posicionadas em todo o contorno do perfil, e o segundo com soldas em todo o contorno, transversais e longitudinais em relação à direção de aplicação da carga. Vinte e quatro estruturas foram soldadas, instrumentadas e submetidas à flexão. Comparando as juntas soldadas com mesma energia, observou-se maior resistência à flexão nas soldas longitudinais e em todo contorno, e valores inferiores para soldas transversais. Além disso, pôde ser constatado que 1,2 kJ/mm de energia de soldagem deu os melhores resultados para as juntas soldadas com ambos os consumíveis, uma vez que até esse valor a área da seção resistente das juntas soldadas aumentou significativamente. O uso de energias mais elevadas não foi eficaz para aumentar a resistência à flexão das juntas soldadas ora investigadas, pois o efeito da energia de soldagem sobre a redução da dureza e, consequentemente, resistência mecânica da ZAC, aparentemente se sobrepõe ao aumento da área da seção resistente da junta soldada.The use of high strength steels is growing significantly, especially in situations where it is necessary a material with high strength for cold forming and good weldability. In these applications, the high strength decreases the weight and/or increases the load that can be supported by the structures produced. The introduction of steels made by thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) demanded higher mechanical and metallurgical properties of the welded joints produced on them. Given these factors, the heat input is strictly limited, and to avoid any reduction in the mechanical strength of the heat affected zone (HAZ), it is required to test welding procedures close to those that will be used in the actual structure. The aim of this study is to obtain detailed data on the mechanical efficiency of welded joints with GMAW and different heat inputs, on square tubular profiles in TMCP steel, disposed as a column/beam weldment. Six different heat inputs and two filler metals were used (AWS ER80S-G and AWS ER120S-G), the first one with the welds located around the profile contour, and the second one with welds all around the profile, transverse and longitudinal to the axis of the weld bead. Twenty-four welded structures were instrumented and subjected to bending. Comparing the welded joints with the same heat input, it can be noticed that higher bending strength is obtained from all-around contour and longitudinal welds, and lower values for the transverse welds. Moreover, it could be seen of 1.2 kJ/mm heat input gave optimum results to the welded joints with both consumables, since up to this value the area of the resistant section of welded joints increased significantly. The use of higher heat inputs was not effective to increase the bending strength of the welded joints herein investigated, since the effect of heat input on the reduction of the hardness and, consequently, mechanical strength of the HAZ, apparently overrides the increase in the area of the resistant section of the welded joint.
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Rodrigues, Junior Luiz Carlos. "Otimização da resposta de células T CD8+ de memória ao herpes simplex virus-1 utilizando terapia genética com interleucina-15 e interleucina-21." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1422.
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Previous issue date: 2008Herpes Simplex Vírus-1 (HSV-1) is a member of Herpesrviridae family and alphaherpesvirinea subfamily widely spread among human beings. This virus begins the infection through epithelial cells from skin and mucosal surface reaching the peripheral nervous system. HSV-1 infects the oral mucosa and establishes latency in trigeminal ganglia. Sometimes by action of endogenous or exogenous factors these viruses returns to active form leading to viral reactivation. During this process the virus can relocalizes on oral mucosal (hepetial genvivostomatites), optical nerve (ocular keratites) and central nervous system (encephalitis). In case of pregnancy, the reactivation could be asymptomatic; it could be dangerous because the virus can infect the baby during the childbirth, leading to neurological conditions and sometimes death. The process of latency is governed by latency associated transcripts (LAT genes) an immunological response as T cells. The cells that block the viruses from reactivation from the nerve are the memory CD8+ T cells. These lymphocytes stay adsorbed to neuron membrane interacting with the epitope SSIEFARL from a gB glycoprotein of HSV-1 envelop. SSIEFARL CD8+ T lymphocytes produces cytokines as IFN-у that penetrates into neuron and blocks the expression of genes involved in virion assembly and formation. When the number of CD8+ T cells reduces the viruses returns to active form. The proliferation and function of CD8+ T cells is controlled by cytokines, mainly IL-15 and IL-21. Several studies have shown that this cytokines have crucial a role in homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ T cells. In this study plasmid coding to IL-15 and IL-21 were elaborated to investigate the role of these cytokine on HSV-1 memory CD8+ T cell proliferation. In vitro, pIL-21 increased the frequency of CD8+ T cells in presence or absence of TCR stimulation. When administered during effector phase of HSV-1 infection pIL-15 and pIL-21 increased the numbers of antigen specific CD8+ T cells that produce IFN-у. For memory studies an adoptive transfer system was applied. SSIEFARL transgenic cells from CD90. 2+ donor mice were transferred to CD90. 1+ holster mice. The CD90. 1+ holster was infected with HSV-1 intraperitoneally and tread with each cytokine plasmid or combination, gB coding plasmid was used as antigen source. The resulted showed the pIL-15 or pIL-21 alone can induce proliferation of HSV-1 memory CD8+ T cells and that antigen did not have significant influence when provide together with the cytokines plasmids. However, the combination of pIL-15, pIL-21 and pgB together was more efficient to cell numbers and IFN-у production.
Herpes Simplex Vírus-1 (HSV-1) é um membro da família Herpesviridae e subfamília alfaherpesvirinea bastante disseminado entre os seres humanos. Esse vírus inicia seu processo de infecção a partir das células epiteliais da superfície da pele e mucosas, atingindo o sistema nervoso periférico. O HSV-1 inicia a infecção através da mucosa oral e fica localizado na forma latente no nervo trigêmio da face, algumas vezes, pela ação de fatores endógenos ou exógenos, esse vírus volta a sua forma ativa, ocasionando a reincidiva. Nesse processo de reativação do vírus ele pode se localizar, na mucosa oral (gengivoestomatite herpética), no nervo óptico (queratite herpética) e no sistema nervoso central (encefalite). No caso da gestante, a reativação herpética pode ser assintomática, o que pode infectar o filho no momento do parto, levando a danos neurológicos irreversíveis ou a morte. O processo de latência é coordenado por dois mecanismos principais, a expressão dos genes LAT e a resposta imunológica. As células da resposta imune que bloqueiam a reativação viral a partir do nervo são os linfócitos T CD8+ de memória. Esses linfócitos ficam justapostos à membrana do corpo celular do neurônio, interagindo com o epítopo SSIEFARL de uma glicopoteína gB do envelope viral. Os linfócitos T CD8+ SSIEFARL específicos produzem citocinas, como IFN-у, que penetram no neurônio e impedem a expressão de genes que estão envolvidos na construção do capsídeo, determinantes para formação de novos vírions. Quando o número dessas células diminui, o vírus volta a sua forma ativa. A proliferação e função das células T CD8+ é controlada por citocinas, principalmente a IL-15 e a IL-21. Muitos estudos indicam que elas têm um papel na proliferação homeostática de células T CD8+.Nesse trabalho, foram elaboradas construções gênicas com o DNA da IL-15 e da IL-21 para avaliar o potencial dessas citocinas na otimização da resposta T CD8+ de memória ao HSV-1. In vitro, a IL-21 aumentou a freqüência de células T CD8+, com ou sem estimulação de TCR. Na fase efetora, a IL-15 e IL-21 aumentaram os números de células T CD8+ antígenoespecíficas produtoras de IFN-у. Para os estudos de memória foi utilizado um sistema de transferência de células SSIEFARL transgênicas de camundongos CD90. 2 doadores para camundongos CD90. 1 receptores. Os camundongos receptores foram infectados com HSV-1 pela rota intraperitoneal e tratados com o plasmídeo contendo de cada citocina ou a combinação deles, um plasmídeo que codificava a glicoproteína gB do HSV-1 foi utilizado com fonte de antígeno Os resultados mostraram que cada pIL-15 ou pIL-21 isoladamente induz a proliferação de células T CD8+ de memória ao herpes e que a administração do antígeno não teve grande influência. Por outro lado, a combinação de pIL-15, pIL-21 e pgB foi mais eficiente, tanto no aumento dos números de células T CD8+, quanto na expressão de IFN-у.
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Nogueira, Eduardo Terra. "Digestibilidade ileal de proteína e de aminoácidos de alimentos protéicos determinada pelas técnicas da cânula T simples e da anastomose íleo-retal com suínos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2000. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10920.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Foram realizados dois ensaios de digestibilidade no Setor de Suinocultura, do Departamento de Zootecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, com o objetivo de determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente (CDapPB) e verdadeira (CDvPB) de proteína e os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente (CDapAA) e verdadeira (CDvAA) de aminoácidos do farelo de soja (FS), glúten de milho (GM), da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) e farinha de sangue (FSA), utilizando as técnicas da cânula T simples e da anastomose íleo-retal (exceto para FSA), com suínos. Os CDapPB e CDvPB determinados para o FS, GM, FCO e FSA, utilizando-se a técnica da cânula T simples, foram de 72,00 e 88,40%; 73,52 e 89,50%; 53,71 e 70,50%; e 46,58 e 63,20%, respectivamente. Os CDvAA médios determinados para FS, GM, FCO e FSA, utilizando-se a técnica da cânula T simples, foram de 91,12; 90,41; 71,93; e 64,70%, respectivamente. Os CDvAA variaram de 84,70% (alanina) a 96,21% (arginina), para o FS; de 81,45% (triptofano) a 93,98% (histidina), para o GM; 56,64% (ácido aspártico) a 84,00% (arginina), para a FCO; e 63,21% (valina) a 76,80% (isoleucina), para a FSA. Os CDapPB e CDvPB determinados para FS, GM e FCO utilizando-se a técnica da anastomose íleo-retal, foram de 80,93 e 91,32%; 78,4 1 e 88,52%; e 50,65 e 61,26%, respectivamente. Os CDvAA médios determinados para FS, GM e FCO, utilizando-se a técnica da anastomose íleo-retal, foram de 91,70; 88,91 e 61,83%, respectivamente. Os CDvAA variaram de 82,27% (glicina) a 97,97% (tirosina), para o FS; 65,22% (glicina) a 97,27% (arginina), para o GM; e 24,89% (cisteína) a 73,59% (fenilalanina), para a FCO. Os CDapPB, CDvPB, CDapAA, CDvAA dos alimentos de origem vegetal (FS e GM) foram maiores que os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos alimentos de origem animal (FCO e FSA), indicando que o FS e o GM foram alimentos de maior qualidade nutricional. A composição química e os coeficientes de digestibilidade determinados neste trabalho podem ser utilizados como referência da composição protéica e aminoacídica e valores de digestibilidade do FS, GM, FCO e FSA para a formulação de dietas para suínos com base em aminoácidos digestíveis.
Two experiments of digestibility were carried out in the swine production sector, of the Department of Zootecnia, in the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, with the objective of determining the coefficients of apparent (CDapPB) and true ileal protein digestibility (CDvPB) and the coefficients of apparent (CDapAA) and true ileal amino acids digestibility (CDvAA) of the soybean meal (FS), corn gluten meal (GM), meat and bone meal (FCO) and blood meal (FSA), using the techniques of the simple T-canula and of the ileo- rectal anastomosis (except for FSA), with pigs. CDapPB and CDvPB determined for FS, GM, FCO and FSA being used the technique of the simple T-canula were of 72,00 and 88,40%; 73,52 and 89,50%; 53,71 and 70,50% and, 46,58 and 63,20%, respectively. The means of CDvAA determined for FS, GM, FCO and FSA being used the technique of the simple T-canula were 91,12; 90,41; 71,93 and 64,70%, respectively. CDvAA ranging of 84,70% (alanine) to 96,21% (arginine), for FS; of 81,45% (tryptophan) to 93,98% (histidine), for GM; of 56,64% (acid aspartic) to 84,00% (arginine), for FCO and 63,21% (valine) to 76,80% (isoleucine), for FSA. CDapPB and CDvPB determined for FS, GM and FCO being used the technique of the ileo-rectal anastomosis were of 80,93 and 91,32%; 78,41 and 88,52% and, 50,65 and 61,26%, respectively. The means of CDvAA determined for FS, GM and FCO being used the technique of the ileo- rectal anastomosis were 91,70; 88,91 and 61,83%, respectively. CDvAA ranging of 82,27% (glycine) to 97,97% (tyrosine), for FS; 65,22% (glycine) to 97,27% (arginine), for GM and 24,89% (cystine) to 73,59% (phenylalanine), for FCO. CDapPB, CDvPB, CDapAA, CDvAA of the feedstufs of plant origin (FS and GM) were larger than the coefficients of digestibility of the feedstufs of animal origin (FCO and FSA), indicating that FS and GM were feedstufs of larger nutritional quality. The chemical composition and the coefficients of digestibility determined in this work can be used like reference of the protein and amino acids composition and values of digestibility of FS, GM, FCO and FSA for the formulation of diets for pigs based in digestibles amino acids.
Dissertação importada do Alexandria
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Woolard, Stacie N. "The Multifaceted Contribution of Natural Killer Cells During Herpes Simplex Type-1 Viral Infection." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1672.
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Natural killer (NK) cells are non-specific killer cells of the innate immune system that eliminate target cells based on discrimination between self and non-self. Activation is carefully regulated through integration of signals received through both activating and inhibitory receptors. During the course of a herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection, NK cells can influence host susceptibility to infection with severe infections occurring in individuals with genetic defects in the NK cell response. In response to HSV infection, NK cells are recruited to the inflammatory tissue where ensuing reciprocal interactions with accessory cells and proinflammatory cytokines induce NK cell activation, cytolytic activity, and cytokine production, contributing to innate immune response and ultimately influencing the adaptive immune response. The objective of this study was to elucidate the multiple roles of NK cells during the numerous steps in anti-HSV immune induction. Accordingly, we have demonstrated that NK cells are novel helpers that assist and influence an anti-HSV immune response via the secretion of cytokines that enhance HSV-specific CD8+ T cell effector function and cytokine production. Taken together, data from this study presented the critical importance of NK cells in mounting an essential and efficient anti-HSV immunity. The key findings of our study were: 1. In the absence of NK cells, dendritic cells have decreased capacity to prime HSV-specific T cells. 2. HSV infected NK cells can be directly activated via toll-like receptor (TLR) in a MyD88-dependent mechanism; however, interaction with HSV infected dendritic cells yields optimal NK cell activation and function (CD69 and IFNγ). 3. TRAIL-expressing NK cells eliminate antigen-bearing immature dermal DCs (CD11c+CD8α-DR5+), that migrate to draining lymphoid organs, to facilitate antigen transfer to lymphoid resident CD8α+ DC for T cell cross priming. 4. 'Helpless' CD8+ T cell function, generated in the absence of CD4+ T cells, can be partially restored to wild-type levels by NK cell supplementation. 5. Treatment of NK cells with anti-CD69 antibody results in a heightened NK activated state and augments the adaptive immune response, without increasing NK cell numbers. These findings may contribute to the potential revelation of avenues to manipulate NK cells for anti-viral therapies.
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Rodrigues, Junior Luiz Carlos. "Otimiza??o da resposta de c?lulas T CD8+ de mem?ria ao herpes simplex virus-1 utilizando terapia gen?tica com interleucina-15 e interleucina-21." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5328.
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-29Herpes Simplex V?rus-1 (HSV-1) ? um membro da fam?lia Herpesviridae e subfam?lia alfaherpesvirinea bastante disseminado entre os seres humanos. Esse v?rus inicia seu processo de infec??o a partir das c?lulas epiteliais da superf?cie da pele e mucosas, atingindo o sistema nervoso perif?rico. O HSV-1 inicia a infec??o atrav?s da mucosa oral e fica localizado na forma latente no nervo trig?mio da face, algumas vezes, pela a??o de fatores end?genos ou ex?genos, esse v?rus volta a sua forma ativa, ocasionando a reincidiva . Nesse processo de reativa??o do v?rus ele pode se localizar, na mucosa oral (gengivoestomatite herp?tica), no nervo ?ptico (queratite herp?tica) e no sistema nervoso central (encefalite). No caso da gestante, a reativa??o herp?tica pode ser assintom?tica, o que pode infectar o filho no momento do parto, levando a danos neurol?gicos irrevers?veis ou a morte. O processo de lat?ncia ? coordenado por dois mecanismos principais, a express?o dos genes LAT e a resposta imunol?gica. As c?lulas da resposta imune que bloqueiam a reativa??o viral a partir do nervo s?o os linf?citos T CD8+ de mem?ria. Esses linf?citos ficam justapostos ? membrana do corpo celular do neur?nio, interagindo com o ep?topo SSIEFARL de uma glicopote?na gB do envelope viral. Os linf?citos T CD8+ SSIEFARL espec?ficos produzem citocinas, como IFN-g, que penetram no neur?nio e impedem a express?o de genes que est?o envolvidos na constru??o do caps?deo, determinantes para forma??o de novos v?rions. Quando o n?mero dessas c?lulas diminui, o v?rus volta a sua forma ativa. A prolifera??o e fun??o das c?lulas T CD8+ ? controlada por citocinas, principalmente a IL-15 e a IL-21. Muitos estudos indicam que elas t?m um papel na prolifera??o homeost?tica de c?lulas T CD8+. Nesse trabalho, foram elaboradas constru??es g?nicas com o DNA da IL-15 e da IL-21 para avaliar o potencial dessas citocinas na otimiza??o da resposta T CD8+ de mem?ria ao HSV-1. In vitro, a IL-21 aumentou a freq??ncia de c?lulas T CD8+, com ou sem estimula??o de TCR. Na fase efetora, a IL-15 e IL-21 aumentaram os n?meros de c?lulas T CD8+ ant?genoespec?ficas produtoras de IFN-g. Para os estudos de mem?ria foi utilizado um sistema de transfer?ncia de c?lulas SSIEFARL transg?nicas de camundongos CD90.2 doadores para camundongos CD90.1 receptores. Os camundongos receptores foram infectados com HSV-1 pela rota intraperitoneal e tratados com o plasm?deo contendo de cada citocina ou a combina??o deles, um plasm?deo que codificava a glicoprote?na gB do HSV-1 foi utilizado com fonte de ant?geno Os resultados mostraram que cada pIL-15 ou pIL-21 isoladamente induz a prolifera??o de c?lulas T CD8+ de mem?ria ao herpes e que a administra??o do ant?geno n?o teve grande influ?ncia. Por outro lado, a combina??o de pIL-15, pIL-21 e pgB foi mais eficiente, tanto no aumento dos n?meros de c?lulas T CD8+, quanto na express?o de IFN-g.
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Westman, Gabriel. "Herpesvirus Infection and Immunity in Neurocognitive Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247187.
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Herpesviruses have co-speciated with several vertebrate and invertebrate animals throughout the history of evolution. In the immunocompetent human host, primary infection is usually benign, whereafter the virus is brought into life-long latency. Viral reactivation can however cause severe disease in immunocompromised, and rarely also in immunocompetent, patients. The overall aim of this thesis was to study the immunologic effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infection in neurocognitive disorders. CMV is known to promote T-cell differentiation towards a more effector-oriented phenotype, similar to what is seen in the elderly. We have addressed the frequency of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we have investigated whether AD patients present with a different CMV-specific immune profile, overall CD8 phenotype or inflammatory cytokine response to anti-CD3/CD28 beads, CMV pp65 and amyloid beta. Subjects with AD presented with a lower proportion of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells compared to non-demented (ND) controls, but no differences in overall CD8 differentiation were seen. Overall, AD subjects presented with a more pro-inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) phenotype. When PBMCs were challenged with CD3/CD28-stimulation, CMV seropositive AD subjects presented with more IFN-γ release than both CMV seronegative AD subjects and CMV seropositive ND controls. For effective screening of humoral herpesvirus immunity, both in research and in clinical practice, efficient immunoassays are needed. We have addressed the methodology of multiplex herpesvirus immunoassays and related bioinformatics and investigated antibody levels in AD patients and ND controls. Subjects with AD presented with lower levels of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) IgG. However, there was no difference in HHV-6 DNA levels in PBMCs between the groups. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a devastating disease, where antiviral treatment has greatly decreased mortality but not eliminated the associated long-term neurocognitive morbidity. We have investigated the correlation between N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) autoimmunity and recovery of neurocognitive functions after HSE. Approximately one quarter of all HSE cases developed NMDAR autoantibodies within 3 months after onset of disease. Antibody development was associated with an impaired neurocognitive recovery during the two year follow-up and could become an important therapy guiding factor in the future.
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Nascimento, Franklin Hebert Silva do. "Conversor fonte de imped?ncia monof?sico operando em modo isolado." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA EL?TRICA E DE COMPUTA??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24222.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Os avan?os tecnol?gicos ocorridos nas ?ltimas d?cadas representam uma procura da humanidade por melhores condi??es relacionadas ? qualidade de vida. Todo o desenvolvimento obtido nas diversas ?reas do conhecimento humano, quase sempre, est? diretamente relacionado ? utiliza??o da energia el?trica, sendo, portanto, de fundamental import?ncia, a pesquisa voltada para gera??o e formas de utiliza??o da energia el?trica gerada. O trabalho desenvolvido ? voltado a apresentar a utiliza??o de um conversor do tipo fonte de imped?ncia utilizado para alimentar cargas monof?sicas a partir de um sistema de alimenta??o prim?rio, operando em modo isolado. O conversor ? formado por uma malha de imped?ncia na entrada composta por um diodo ultra r?pido, indutores e capacitores, al?m disso s?o usadas quatro chaves de pot?ncia para converter pot?ncia CC em pot?ncia CA. A tens?o de entrada da malha Z ? sintetizada a partir de um conjunto composto por uma fonte de tens?o senoidal trif?sica ajust?vel; uma ponte retificadora trif?sica a diodos, e um grande capacitor eletrol?tico de filtro. Ser? apresentada uma metodologia de projeto para dimensionamento do conversor, bem como apresentada a t?cnica de modula??o Boost simples e suas varia??es, utilizadas no acionamento do conversor. Al?m disso ser? apresentada uma nova t?cnica de modula??o proposta nesse trabalho. As t?cnicas de modula??o para o acionamento do conversor ser?o avaliadas por meio de simula??es e resultados experimentais.
Technological advances occurred in the past decades show the quest of mankind for better quality life conditions. All the development achieved in different areas of human knowledge, in many cases, are directly related to the use of electricity. Research related to the generation of electricity and about the ways electricity can be used is a very important and actual area. This work has the purpose to introduce the use of an impedance source converter to feed single-phase loads from a primary feed system, operating in standalone mode. The converter has an impedance network at the input terminals composed by an ultra fast diode, inductors and capacitors. There are used four power switches to convert DC power to AC power. The input voltage in Z-network is synthesized using a set composed by an adjustable AC voltage source, a three-phase rectifier bridge and a larger electrolytic capacitor of filter. A guide line for the design of power converters and output filters, as well as simple boost modulation technique and its variations will be presented. Besides that, a new modulation technique will be proposed. Also simulation and experimental results about the modulation techniques used to drive the impedance source converter will be presented.
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Bennour, Emad. "Impact du protocole de transfert par voie rétrovirale du gène de l'enzyme thymidine kinase du virus Herpès Simplex sur le métabolisme protéique et la sensibilité au Ganciclovir de lymphocytes T génétiquement modifiés." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0008.
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L'administration de Ganciclovir permet de contrôler l'alloréactivité de cellules T génétiquement modifiées (CGM) par le transfert ex vivo du gène de la thymidine kinase du virus Herpès Simplex (HSV-TK). Une limitation à cette approche est liée à la présence d'une forme inactive de ce gène résultant d'un épissage alternatif. Afin de surmonter cette limitation, notre équipe a développé une forme corrigée (cHSV-TK) fusionnée avec la forme tronquée du CD34 (tCD34) permettant un tri immunomagnétique des CGM. Nous montrons dans la première partie de cette thèse que malgré cette correction, des CGM CD34+ mais résistantes au Ganciclovir peuvent être générées après transduction avec un vecteur codant la protéine de fusion tCD34/cHSV-TK par deux mécanismes impliquant des délétions au sein du gène HSV-TK et une protéolyse partielle de la protéine de fusion dont seule la partie CD34 reste exprimée. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons comparé l'ancien protocole de transfert du gène utilisé lors de notre étude clinique de phase I/II, utilisant une activation CD3 et une sélection par G418 à un " nouveau " protocole que nous proposons d'utiliser prochainement, utilisant une costimulation CD3-CD28 et un tri immunomagnétique basé sur le gène de sélection ΔNGFR. Nous montrons que le nouveau protocole présente des avantages en terme de prolifération, de sensibilité à l'apoptose et de métabolisme protéique, dus à la costimulation CD3-CD28 et à l'absence de sélection par G418, mais une expression de molécules HLA de classe II augmentée pourrait possiblement être associée à une immunogénécité accrue des CGM, un élément à considérer lors de l'utilisation de ce nouveau protocoleThe infusion of Ganciclovir can allow controlling the alloreactivity of gene-modified T cells (GMC) expressing the Herpes Simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). A limitation to this approach was related to the presence of an inactive form of th HSV-TK gene, resulting from an alternative splicing. In order to circumvent this problem, a corrected HSV-TK (cHSV-TK) gene was fused to a truncated splice variant of the human CD34 molecule (tCD34) allowing for the immunomagnetic sorting of GMC. We demonstrated in the first part of this thesis that, despite this correction, CD34-positive, but Ganciclovir-resistant, GMC can still be generated after transduction with a vector encoding a tCD34/cHSV-TK fusion protein, through two mechanisms involving deletions in the HSV-TK part of the transgene and a partial proteolysis of the fusion protein, of which only the CD34 part is still expressed. In the second part, we compared the " old " protocol previously used to produce GMC during our first clinical trial, using a CD3 activation and G418 selection to a " new " protocol that we propose to use in future studies, using a CD36CD28 activation and ΔNGFR expression-based immunomagnetic selection. We show that the new protocol has advantages in terms of proliferation, sensitivity to apoptosis and protein metabolism, because of the CD3-CD28 costimulation and the absence of G418 selection, but also an increased expression of HLA class II molecules, which could be related to a potentially increased immunogenicity of GMC. This later point should be considered if using the new protocol for future clinical trials
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Aubry, Alexandre. "Approche matricielle de l'opérateur de propagation des ondes ultrasonores en milieu diffusant aléatoire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004213.
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Cette thèse étudie les propriétés de l'opérateur de propagation des ondes ultrasonores en milieu aléatoire. Le dispositif expérimental consiste en un réseau multi-éléments placé en vis-à-vis d'un milieu désordonné. L'opérateur de propagation est donné par la matrice des réponses inter-éléments mesurées entre chaque couple de transducteurs. En s'appuyant sur la théorie des matrices aléatoires, le comportement statistique de cet opérateur a été étudié en régime de diffusion simple et multiple. Une cohérence déterministe des signaux est ainsi mise en évidence en régime de diffusion simple, cohérence qui disparaît dès que la diffusion multiple prédomine. Cette différence de comportement a permis la mise au point d'un radar intelligent séparant les échos simplement et multiplement diffusés. On peut ainsi extraire l'écho direct d'une cible échogène enfouie dans un milieu hautement diffusant, bien que ce dernier soit source de diffusion multiple et d'aberration. Une deuxième approche consiste, au contraire, à extraire une contribution de diffusion multiple noyée dans une contribution de diffusion simple largement prédominante. L'étude de l'intensité multiplement diffusée permet de mesurer des paramètres de transport (p.ex. la constante de diffusion D) caractérisant la propagation de l'onde multiplement diffusée. Un passage en champ lointain (ondes planes) permet d'obtenir une mesure fiable de D en étudiant le cône de rétrodiffusion cohérente. Un passage en champ proche, via l'utilisation de faisceaux gaussiens, permet d'effectuer des mesures locales de D en étudiant la croissance du halo diffusif. Cette approche a été appliquée au cas de l'os trabéculaire humain autour de 3 MHz.
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TOKAS, SULEKH. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE-T AND 3DHELICAL PASSIVE MICROMIXERS WITH NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID." Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18072.
Full textAbstract:
Mixing at micro-scales is purely governed by the diffusion mass transport phenomenon,
which is a time-consuming process requiring a prolonged length of the microchannel to
obtain desired results. The present study proposes a novel three-dimensional helical
micromixer (TDHM) with a rectangular cross-section to achieve splendid mixing
performance within a short distance contrary to the simple T-micromixer (STM). A
thorough numerical investigation of mixing performance and fluid flow patterns have
been conducted using the continuity, species transport, and the Navier-stokes equations
with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid at a wide range of Reynolds number (0.2~320)
and mass flow rate (0.00005 kg/hr~0.091 Kg/hr), respectively and a comparison between
the results of STM and TDHM are presented.
Blood is selected as the Non-Newtonian fluid and its rheological characteristics are
numerically captured by implementing the Carreau-Yasuda model, whereas water is used
to study mixing with the Newtonian fluid. For the same mixing length of STM and TDHM
i.e. 3000 microns it is found that at Re = 2, the mixing index of TDHM is 40. 5% more
than that of the STM with water as the working fluid while for blood it is 34.3% and it is
seen that TDHM performs better than the STM at all the mass loadings.
Once the results for the same mixing lengths are computed, another study is conducted
fixing the axial lengths of STM and TDHM. Complete mixing (97.5%) is achieved for
Newtonian fluid at Re=320 whereas the minimum efficiency observed is 74.3 % at Re =
66. Although for Non-Newtonian fluid (Blood) the conventional STM gives poor mixing
with increased mass flow rate. However, TDHM furnish splendid mixing with 97%
efficiency at the lowest mass flow rate of blood (ṁ ) considered in the study, i.e. 0.00005
Kg/hr and 73.6 % at ṁ =0.091 Kg/hr. Therefore, it was concluded that the TDHM gives
much better performance at much less axial distance than that of the STM at all values of
the flow rates considered in the study making it an effective choice to be utilized for
various biomedical, chemical, and biochemical applications.
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Li, Chu-Chien, and 李竹健. "Asymptotical Inference for a Simple Dynamic Panel Data Model when Both N and T Are Large." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48657423842257760654.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
經濟學系
93
My thesis investigates the asymptotics of dynamic panel data when cross section and time series dimensions tend to infinity. In traditional dynamic panel data analysis, we only consider asymptotics under N closed to infinity and T fixed. GMM methods always use to handle dynamic panel data model. However the panel data collection has a lot of programs recently. Economists will face some panel data sets with N closed to infinity and T closed to infinity in empirical analysis. In thesis, we inspect the traditional estimation methods for dynamic panel data under N closed to infinity and T closed to infinity within traditional ways to handle dynamic panel data. We set T/N ratio for well defined convergence path. The ratio of T/N we set in our thesis are 0, 1/2, 1, and infinity. There are totally five estimation methods considered in this paper: within-group estimation, instrumental variable estimation, generalized method of moments estimation, two stage least square estimation and maximum likelihood estimation. The results of simulation show the estimator using the lag two period observation as the instrumental variable is the best. When the parameter is 0.9, the two stage least square estimator is better than generalized method of moments estimation. If 0
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Murray, Peter. "Capturing details of short-term synaptic plasticity in simple schemes." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=95030&T=F.
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Protzner, Andrea B. "Sensory modality dependence of neural networks supporting simple working memory." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=742406&T=F.
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Kilgore, Ryan Matthew. "Visualizing voice locations: Amplifying the effects of spatial audio with simple displays." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=449921&T=F.
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Russell, Tiffany Ann. "Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 lytic viral gene expression during the establishment and maintenance of latency." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/95063.
Full textAbstract:
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type I causes cold sores but is also associated with severe outcomes such as encephalitis and blindness. The primary lytic HSV-1 infection in the skin and peripheral nervous system (PNS) is limited to around a week, but latent virus persists in neurons, from which it can reactivate periodically. A black and white view of lytic versus latent infection persists in the HSV literature. Somewhat paradoxically, there remains concern that ‘true’ latent infection cannot be assumed to occur in animal models within a month of primary infection. In this thesis, the ROSA26R/Cre mouse model was used that allows historic assessment of virus activity. In this model, β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression is switched on permanently in any cells that had experienced HSV-1-driven Cre recombinase expression. Further, placing the Cre gene under the control of various HSV-1 promoters allowed the number of cells that have experienced different types of viral activity to be determined, from entry of a virus genome to expression of lytic genes.
This historical analysis found substantial lytic gene expression and spread of virus occurs in the PNS for at least five days beyond the peak of infectious virus load. This suggests that the period immediately after the bulk of the lytic infection is quelled remains highly dynamic. Further, there was continued accumulation in β-gal marked cells in mice infected with viruses that express Cre from the gB and infected cell protein (ICP) 6 promoters. Therefore, transient, likely low level, promoter activity does occur during latency, which can lead to protein production. This was not observed for the ICP0 promoter, indicating that expression from various lytic gene promoters differs during this time.
More striking, when expression of Cre was directed by the promoter for ICP47, a viral gene that functions to inhibit adaptive immune responses, the number of β-gal-expressing neurons continued to rise sharply until day 20 after infection. Further, β-gal marked cells continued to accumulate throughout latency, suggesting that ICP47 may function during latency to facilitate evasion of the immune response, and potentially reactivation. However, attempts to overcome the effect of ICP47 expression by increasing antigen presentation on infected neurons did not have a substantial impact on the establishment or maintenance of latency.
In summary, this thesis has provided insights into the dynamic interaction between viral lytic gene expression and the immune response during latency, challenging the traditional paradigm of an almost-quiescent form of HSV-1 latency. The results presented in this thesis further our understanding HSV-1 and α-herpesvirus latency, and with further research will hopefully lead to better therapeutic outcomes.
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Srigley, Katrina Penelope. "Working lives and simple pleasures : sngle, employed women in a depression-era city, 1929--1939." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370815&T=F.
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Kingsnorth, Shauna L. "Visual pop-out in older infants? : an investigation of shape from shading and simple features." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=371045&T=F.
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Avand, Ghazal. "Metabolic syndrome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comparison between simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=450610&T=F.
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Devi, K. T. "Development of cost-effective and simple ELISA-based Tcchnologies for the Estimation of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Foods and Feeds." Thesis, 2001. http://oar.icrisat.org/5464/1/T-62776.pdf.
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Grubor-Bauk, Branka. "Role of natural killer T cells (NKT) cells in immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59216.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, table of contents and summary only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) produces acute muco-cutaneous infections, followed by spread to sensory nerve ganglia, and establishment of latency. In the peripheral nervous system, primary sensory neurons, which are found in dorsal root ganglia of the of the spinal nerves, are the target for HSV and they may undergo either productive or latent intection. Productive infection of sensory neurons generates the potential for lethal spread of virus through the nervous system but in immunocom petent hosts, viral replication is terminated by limely development of an adaptive immune response. The infection of dorsal root ganglia that follows cutaneous inoculation of the flanks of mice with HSV provides a well-characterized model of peripheral nervous system infection. The mechanisms responsible for clearance of HSV are complex. At mucosal and cutaneous sites, local innate immune mechanisms act to interrupt the initial spread of virus to the nervous system, while adaptive immunity is important in limiting replication in the ganglia and extension of the virus to adjacent dennatomes. Thus actions of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are vital in defence against replicating HSV-1, while it is thought that latent infection in the ganglia is contained by the surveillance of the adaptive immune system. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a conserved subpopulation of lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the invariant MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. Upon activation through their semi-invariant T cell receptor, these cells rapidly release large amounts of immuno-modulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines. NKT cells have, therefore, been implicated in immune responses controlling various diseases, including infection, cancer, and autoimmunity, as well as having an involvement in allo-graft survival. Consideration of the important contributions of innate and adaptive immunity to clearance of HSV prompted this investigation of the role of CD1d and of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in the pathogenesis of HSV infection. The first part of this thesis (Chapter 3 and 4) describes investigations into the role of NKT cells in immunity to HSV-1, using a zosteriform model of infection and two gene knockout strains of C57BL/6 mice. CD1d GKO and Ja18 GKO mice, which are deficient in NKT cells, are compromised in controlling HSV-1 as evidenced by mortality, virus loads in skin and dorsal root ganglia, presence and size of skin lesions, persistence of HSV antigen, neuronal damage and extent of latency. Comparisons between wild type (NKT cell replete), Ja18 GKO (deficient in invariant Va14⁺ NKT cells) and CD1d GKO (deficient in all CD1d-dependant NKT cells) mice allowed assessment of CD1d-dependant NKT cell subsets in defence against the virus at various stages of infection. It was concluded that both subsets play important roles in controlling the virus and in preventing lethal neuro-invasive disease, that both are vital adjuncts to the adaptive immune response and that without them, low doses of neuropathogenic HSV-1 can establish quickly and cause fatal infections. The NKT-cell population appears to be quite dynamic in its response to a range of pathogens and other disease processes. The study described in Chapter 5 presents evidence suggesting that the response of NKT cells during HSV infection is no less dynamic. In the axillary lymph nodes, observations on numbers of cells expressing NK1.1 antigen and the invariant TCR suggest that NKT cells are activated in the regional lymph nodes draining the infection site. Observations on lymphocytes prepared from liver and spleen also suggested activation of NKT cells, indicating that NKT cells at these sites are also activated during the course of acute HSV infection. The role of NKT cells in the control of HSV infection was further examined by adoptive transfer studies, to investigate whether the defect in handling of HSV-1 by Ja18 GKO mice could be complemented by the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from wt mice (Chapter 6). Finally, the relevance of activated NKT cells in the anti-HSV response was examined by observing the effects of a-GalactosylCeramide therapy on the severity of HSV-1 infection (Chapter 6). Activation of NKT cells by this compound delayed the onset of HSV disease, decreased prevalence and severity of zosteriform lesions and reduced viral titres in skin and ganglia. The beneficial effects of a-GalactosylCeramide on the outcome and severity of HSV infection in the skin were dose-dependent. Collectively, the studies described in this thesis provide insights into how NKT cells, normally a rare population of cells, has the ability to regulate the protective immune response to HSV-1. As more understanding is gained about how NKT cells become activated during HSV-1 infection, and how they mediate their antiviral effects, other ways may be developed to modulate and activate this interesting subset to the benefit of infected individuals.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1277283
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2007
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Grubor-Bauk, Branka. "Role of natural killer T cells (NKT) cells in immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59216.
Full textAbstract:
Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) produces acute muco-cutaneous infections, followed by spread to sensory nerve ganglia, and establishment of latency. In the peripheral nervous system, primary sensory neurons, which are found in dorsal root ganglia of the of the spinal nerves, are the target for HSV and they may undergo either productive or latent intection. Productive infection of sensory neurons generates the potential for lethal spread of virus through the nervous system but in immunocom petent hosts, viral replication is terminated by limely development of an adaptive immune response. The infection of dorsal root ganglia that follows cutaneous inoculation of the flanks of mice with HSV provides a well-characterized model of peripheral nervous system infection. The mechanisms responsible for clearance of HSV are complex. At mucosal and cutaneous sites, local innate immune mechanisms act to interrupt the initial spread of virus to the nervous system, while adaptive immunity is important in limiting replication in the ganglia and extension of the virus to adjacent dennatomes. Thus actions of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are vital in defence against replicating HSV-1, while it is thought that latent infection in the ganglia is contained by the surveillance of the adaptive immune system.
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a conserved subpopulation of lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the invariant MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. Upon activation through their semi-invariant T cell receptor, these cells rapidly release large amounts of immuno-modulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines. NKT cells have, therefore, been implicated in immune responses controlling various diseases, including infection, cancer, and autoimmunity, as well as having an involvement in allo-graft survival. Consideration of the important contributions of innate and adaptive immunity to clearance of HSV prompted this investigation of the role of CD1d and of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in the pathogenesis of HSV infection.
The first part of this thesis (Chapter 3 and 4) describes investigations into the role of NKT cells in immunity to HSV-1, using a zosteriform model of infection and two gene knockout strains of C57BL/6 mice. CD1d GKO and Ja18 GKO mice, which are deficient in NKT cells, are compromised in controlling HSV-1 as evidenced by mortality, virus loads in skin and dorsal root ganglia, presence and size of skin lesions, persistence of HSV antigen, neuronal damage and extent of latency. Comparisons between wild type (NKT cell replete), Ja18 GKO (deficient in invariant Va14⁺ NKT cells) and CD1d GKO (deficient in all CD1d-dependant NKT cells) mice allowed assessment of CD1d-dependant NKT cell subsets in defence against the virus at various stages of infection. It was concluded that both subsets play important roles in controlling the virus and in preventing lethal neuro-invasive disease, that both are vital adjuncts to the adaptive immune response and that without them, low doses of neuropathogenic HSV-1 can establish quickly and cause fatal infections.
The NKT-cell population appears to be quite dynamic in its response to a range of pathogens and other disease processes. The study described in Chapter 5 presents evidence suggesting that the response of NKT cells during HSV infection is no less dynamic. In the axillary lymph nodes, observations on numbers of cells expressing NK1.1 antigen and the invariant TCR suggest that NKT cells are activated in the regional lymph nodes draining the infection site. Observations on lymphocytes prepared from liver and spleen also suggested activation of NKT cells, indicating that NKT cells at these sites are also activated during the course of acute HSV infection.
The role of NKT cells in the control of HSV infection was further examined by adoptive transfer studies, to investigate whether the defect in handling of HSV-1 by Ja18 GKO mice could be complemented by the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from wt mice (Chapter 6). Finally, the relevance of activated NKT cells in the anti-HSV response was examined by observing the effects of a-GalactosylCeramide therapy on the severity of HSV-1 infection (Chapter 6). Activation of NKT cells by this compound delayed the onset of HSV disease, decreased prevalence and severity of zosteriform lesions and reduced viral titres in skin and ganglia. The beneficial effects of a-GalactosylCeramide on the outcome and severity of HSV infection in the skin were dose-dependent.
Collectively, the studies described in this thesis provide insights into how NKT cells, normally a rare population of cells, has the ability to regulate the protective immune response to HSV-1. As more understanding is gained about how NKT cells become activated during HSV-1 infection, and how they mediate their antiviral effects, other ways may be developed to modulate and activate this interesting subset to the benefit of infected individuals.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2007
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Tscharke, David C. "Transcriptional analysis of the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in acute neural herpes simplex virus infection / David C. Tscharke." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18998.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 141-182.xi, 182, [36] leaves, [12] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the molecular events associated with CD8+ T lymphocyte activity in HSV infected sensory ganglia. The role of CD8+ T cells in cytokine responses to ganglionic HSV infection is investigated, with particular reference to the Th1/Th2 paradigm and a known anti-viral mediator, IFN-[gamma]. A non-directed method of mRNA analysis is applied to HSV infected ganglia with the specific aim of identifying transcripts that may be associated with CD8+ T cell activity in the nervous system.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, 1997
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Ivanescu, Cristian. "On the classification of simple C*-algebras which are inductive limits of continuous-trace C*-algebras whose spectrum is the closed interval [0,1]." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=94715&T=F.
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Wen-YenHuang and 黃文彥. "Investigating on the Reactivation and the Interferon Treatment for Thymidine Kinase-Negative Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in T-Lymphocyte-Deficient Mice." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73798443191849341947.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
基礎醫學研究所
100
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) resistant to antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), due to mutations in viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene, which frequently reactivates in immunocompromised patients. However, laboratory strain-derived TK-negative mutants fail to reactivate in immunocompetent mice. Whether TK activity is required for HSV-1 to reactivate in immunocompromised hosts remains unclear. Moreover, ACV-resistant HSV-1 causes severe diseases, including encephalitis, in immunocompromised patients, so identification of new therapies is needed. In this study, we used a laboratory strain-derived TK-negative mutant and immunodeficient mice to investigate whether ACV-resistant, TK-negative HSV-1 could reactivate. Ex vivo and in vivo results showed that such TK-negative mutant reactivated from latently infected trigeminal ganglia of mice deficient in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not from wild-type mice. Thus, host immune response, not absence of viral TK activity, blocks HSV-1 reactivation. While the roles of CD4 and CD8 T cells in latently mouse trigeminal ganglia are characterized and investigated, less is known about the regulation of T cells on the latent infection of HSV-1, especially TK-negative mutants, in the mouse brains. In the second part of this study, we therefore infected the wild-type mice, nude mice, Cd4 gene knock-out mice, and Cd8 gene knock-out mice with ACV-resistant, TK-negative HSV-1. Our results show that deficiency of CD4 or CD8 T cells increased the viral genomes and permitted viral reactivation from the latently infected mouse brain. Deficiency of both CD4 and CD8 T cells posed an additive effect in viral reactivation. Hence, CD4 and CD8 T cells collaboratively regulate HSV-1 latency in the mouse brain. Interferons (IFNs) are used to treat several other viral infections in the clinic, and IFN- and IFN- are known to cooperatively reduce wild-type HSV-1 replication in the cornea of immunocompetent mice. Because IFN- has been shown to exert the antiviral effect mostly through T cells, whether combined IFN treatment can still inhibit ACV-resistant HSV-1 replication, especially in immunocompromised hosts, is unknown. In the third part of this study, we evaluated the efficacy of combined IFN treatment on ACV-resistant HSV-1 mutants. In vitro results showed that IFN- acted synergistically with IFN- to inhibit the replication of ACV-resistant HSV-1. In vivo results showed that topical treatment with combined IFN- and IFN- on mouse corneas efficiently reduced the viral loads in the eyes, trigeminal ganglia, and brain stems of wild-type and also immunocompromised nude mice, in a manner independent of T cells. Subsequently, viral reactivation from trigeminal ganglia, brain stems, and spinal cords of mice was significantly inhibited. Thus, a combination of IFN- and IFN- could be a potential treatment for ACV-resistant HSV-1 in immunocompromised patients. Taken together, our study gains a better understanding of the immune regulation in nervous systems during HSV-1 latency and provides an alternative therapy against ACV-resistant mutants.
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Nair, Aji Bonneau Robert Harold. "Modulation of microglia and CD8⁺ T lymphocyte activation by psychological stress during the development of stress-induced herpes simplex virus type-1 encephalitis." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1374/index.html.
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Ashcraft, Kathleen A. Bonneau Robert Harold. "Immunosuppressive effects of psychological stress and associated increases in glucocorticoids on the T cell mediated immune response to herpes simplex virus type I." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4186/index.html.
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Chang, Ping-Fang, and 張萍芳. "Infection of ENU mutant mice with Human Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) to investigate the effects of IL-15 splice variant on CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04566456844540081781.
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