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1
Wu, K. Chauncey. Free vibration of hexagonal panels simply supported at discrete points. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.
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2
Sarkar, Subhendra Nath. Pressure and temperature dependence of NMR chemical shifts of simple ions in solution. 1989.
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3
Shulman, Ryan, Adrian Wilson, and Delia Peppercorn. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.008003.
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♦ ACL tear: abnormal fibres, tibial translation, PCL/patella tendon buckling, bone bruising♦ Meniscal tear: signal change to free edge♦ Bone bruising:• Reticular—not continuous subarticular bone• Geographic—extends to subarticular bone♦ Posterolateral corner:• Oblique slices through fibular head• Consists of lateral collateral ligament, popliteus, popliteofibular ligament, and arcuate complex.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the investigation and treatment of the painful knee. It is non-invasive and avoids patient exposure to ionizing radiation. MRI has the advantage of establishing diagnoses in a painful knee without the morbidity of surgical intervention. It is now widely available and has moved from a simple diagnostic adjunct into a key planning tool. It offers improved management of theatre resources and it allows for more accurate planning of postoperative rehabilitation.The role of MRI in management of the injured knee is determined by its cost-effectiveness and its ability to augment the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination. Accuracy of clinical examination by specialist orthopaedic surgeons is comparable to MRI when interpreted by specialist radiologists (Table 8.3.1). Increasingly, MRI has been shown to be cost neutral. Whilst costs are high, diagnostic information reduces the need for unnecessary surgery.
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Thorne, Sara, and Paul Clift, eds. Non-invasive imaging. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199228188.003.0002.
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Chest X-ray (CXR)12Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) 18Transoesophageal echo (TOE) 20Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 24Computed tomography (CT) 30This simple investigation remains an important diagnostic tool in congenital heart disease.• Advantages:• Cheap, widely available.• Enables serial comparison.•...
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Bichet, Daniel G. Approach to the patient with polyuria. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0032.
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In a polyuric patient, first exclude osmotic diuresis, then differentiate between primary polydipsia, central, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, with clinical characteristics, simple blood and urine tests, and hypothalamic magnetic resonance imaging. Mammals are osmoregulators and osmolality is perceived by central and peripheral osmotic receptors and influencing thirst perception and vasopressin secretion. In congenital polyuric states it is useful to distinguish ‘pure’ polyuric states, that is, loss of water only but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium, from complex (water + sodium + calcium) polyuric states. For the latter, the triad polyuria/polyhydramnios/prematurity is a tell-tale sign of Bartter syndrome. We recommend sequencing of the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and Bartter genes in all the affected congenital and hereditary polyuric patients. Acquired central and nephrogenic polyuric states are simpler to evaluate.
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Park, John G. Diagnosis and Common Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0616.
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Common symptoms of pulmonary disease include cough, sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, and clubbing. A thorough history and physical examination, including palpation, auscultation, and percussion, are key to accurate diagnosis. The radiologic tests performed in the diagnosis of chest diseases include plain CXR, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, pulmonary angiography, and bronchial angiography. Simple microscopy with a "wet" slide preparation of sputum is helpful in assessing the degree of sputum eosinophilia and detecting the presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals. The major indication for pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is dyspnea. PFT results do not diagnose lung disease, but they are used to assess the mechanical function of the respiratory system and to quantify the loss of lung function. Obstructive, restrictive, and occupational lung diseases are reviewed.
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Vuillaume, D. Molecular electronics based on self-assembled monolayers. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.9.
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This article considers molecular electronics based on self-assembled monolayers. It begins with a brief overview of the nanofabrication of molecular devices, followed by a discussion of the electronic properties of several basic devices, from simple molecules such as molecular tunnel junctions and molecular semiconducting wires, to more complex ones such as molecular rectifying diodes. It also describes molecular switches and memories, focusing on three approaches called ‘conformational memory’, ‘charge-based memory’ and ‘RTD-based memory’ (RTD is resonant tunnelling diode). It shows that memory can be implemented from resonant tunnelling diodes following cell architecture already used for semiconductor devices. The article concludes with a review of molecular transistors.
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Salas Coronado, Raúl, Norma Francenia Santos Sánchez, and Beatriz Hernández Carlos, eds. Una aproximación a la espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear. Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48043/utm_uarmn01.
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Una aproximación a la espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) fue concebida como un primer libro realizado por la Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca en colaboración con la Sociedad Mexicana de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear AC. Cabe destacar la valiosa colaboración de los revisores que de manera objetiva y rigurosa enriquecieron cada uno de los capítulos. La Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) es el método espectroscópico con mayor innovación tanto en aspectos experimentales como en sus aplicaciones. Motivados en estos aspectos se planteó realizar un libro en el que se encontraran desde los aspectos básicos de la RMN hasta algunas de sus aplicaciones más importantes y recientes como son el estudio metabólico. La emergencia sanitaria provocada por la pandemia del virus SARS-Cov-2, motivó la realización de eventos a distancia. Por primera vez organizamos gracias al apoyo de CONACYT, de los patrocinadores y la excelente organización del comité organizador de la Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, la 6ª Reunión de RMN Experimental en la modalidad virtual. En este libro se encuentran recopiladas las contribuciones presentadas en carteles como flash. Cada uno de los capítulos fue realizado gracias a la experiencia de profesores y estudiantes de posgrado de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad del Papaloapan, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León e Imperial College London. En el presente libro se describe de manera simple y con rigor académico los fundamentos de la RMN, los experimentos más útiles para la asignación de compuestos en una y dos dimensiones, se explica la manera de asignar y elucidar compuestos basados en la evidencia experimental de esta espectroscopia, de manera general se muestran los métodos que permiten demostrar y cuantificar la dinámica de los compuestos químicos, se llama la atención sobre la oportunidad de utilizar espectrómetros de RMN con imanes que no requieren criogénicos, se describen algunas aplicaciones en la determinación del reconocimiento molecular. La última parte del libro está dedicada a la contribución del uso de la RMN en la metabolómica desde la descripción de las herramientas necesarias para realizarla hasta algunos estudios prácticos aplicados al estudio del perfil metabolómico humano.
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Andres, Michael, and Mauro Pesenti. Finger-based representation of mental arithmetic. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.028.
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Human beings are permanently required to process the world numerically and, consequently, to perform computations to adapt their behaviour and they have developed various calculation strategies, some of them based on specific manipulations of the fingers. In this chapter, we argue that the way we express physically numerical concepts by raising fingers while counting leads to embodied representations of numbers and calculation procedures in the adult brain. To illustrate this, we focus on number and finger interactions in the context of simple arithmetic operations. We show that the fixed order of fingers on the hand provides human beings with unique facilities to increment numerical changes or represent a cardinal value while solving arithmetic problems. In order to specify the influence of finger representation on mental arithmetic both at the cognitive and neural level, we review past and recent findings from behavioural, electrophysiological, and brain imaging studies. We start with anthropological and developmental data showing the role of fingers in the acquisition of arithmetic knowledge, then address the issue of whether number and finger interactions are also observed in adults solving arithmetic problems mentally. We suggest that arithmetic performance depends on the integrity of finger representations in children and adults. Finally, we overview the results of recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showing a common brain substrate for finger and number representations during and after the acquisition of arithmetic skills.
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Solymar, L., D. Walsh, and R. R. A. Syms. Bonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0005.
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Mechanical properties of bonds are discussed, with the aid of a simple phenomenological model in which the variation of energy as a function of distance between the elements is described in terms of polynomials. The properties of various kinds of bonds (ionic bond, metallic bond, covalent bond, van der Waals bond) are explained with the aid of simple models. Carbon is discussed with two examples: bonds between 60 atoms that lead to the formation of a three-dimensional molecule known as Buckminsterfullerene, and the alternative sheet-shaped configuration known as graphene, that has recently become the centre of interest. A general theory for finding the energy levels is introduced, relying on Feynman’s coupled wave equations. There is a brief reference to nuclear forces, followed by a discussion of the hydrogen molecule. The relationship between coupling and the splitting of the energy levels is discussed with an analogy to coupled resonant circuits.
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Free vibration of hexagonal panels simply supported at discrete points. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.
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12
Chappell, Michael, Bradley MacIntosh, and Thomas Okell. Introduction to Perfusion Quantification using Arterial Spin Labelling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793816.001.0001.
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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unique in being a completely non-invasive method for imaging perfusion in the brain. Relying upon a blood-borne tracer that is created by the MRI scanner itself, ASL is becoming a popular tool to study cerebral perfusion, as well as how this perfusion changes in response to neuronal activity or in disease. This primer provides an introduction to perfusion quantification using ASL MRI, focusing both on the methods needed to extract perfusion-weighted images and on how to quantify perfusion and other hemodynamic parameters. Starting with the simplest implementation of ASL, the primer details all the common acquisition methods, as well as the subsequent analysis steps required to quantify perfusion in an individual, detect changes in perfusion in response to neural activity or pharmacological intervention, and examine perfusion variations across groups of individuals. This is supported with examples from real data illustrating all the major steps in the analysis process, linked to online material where the reader can undertake the same analysis for themselves.
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Waithe, Marcus. Ruskin’s Style of Thought. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737827.003.0012.
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John Ruskin complained of being ‘called a “word painter” instead of a thinker.’ This chapter challenges the basis of that opposition, in claiming that Ruskin’s way of putting things is itself a valuable kind of thought. A resonant case is his reference in Proserpina (1875-86) to ‘the melancholy humour of a root in loving darkness’, where the vitalist idea of ‘vegetable love’ intrudes on botanical convention in a way that isn’t simply ‘purple’. These later tendencies draw on the purportedly systemic methods of the early works, where definition plays a key role in reopening apparently closed views. When Ruskin wants to tell us what a wall is, he indicates that it has ‘purposes in its existence, like an organized creature’, and that its foundation is ‘what the paw is to an animal’ (The Stones of Venice). From first principles of definition, he conjures something not just unexpected, but manifestly rethought.
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Manion, Lee. Thinking through the English Crusading Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795148.003.0005.
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Manion’s chapter explores how the short Middle English romance Sir Gowther (c.1400) reflects broadly upon issues in medieval crusade discourse. By redefining the poem as a crusading romance and by situating it in the context of English crusading in the Baltic region, particularly in pagan Lithuania, Manion demonstrates how the romance participates in cultural debates about the purpose, scope, and conduct of religious conflict while articulating alternative ideas or critical commentary. The protagonist’s conversion, use of a falchion, and marriage to the emperor’s daughter—all of which resonate with the historical conversion of Lithuania—address ongoing concerns about the defence of Christendom through the acquisition of new allies and more effective leadership. At the same time, Sir Gowther does not simply mirror history. Instead, it argues abstractly for the conversion, not extermination, of pagan unbelievers, and thus illustrates the romance genre’s general capacity to think through contested ideas.
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Marovich, Beatrice. Simone Weil. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0031.
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Few of Giorgio Agamben’s works are as mysterious as his unpublished dissertation, reportedly on the political thought of the French philosopher Simone Weil. If Weil was an early subject of Agamben’s intellectual curiosity, it would appear – judging from his published works – that her influence upon him has been neither central nor lasting.1 Leland de la Durantaye argues that Weil’s work has left a mark on Agamben’s philosophy of potentiality, largely in his discussion of the concept of decreation; but de la Durantaye does not make much of Weil’s influence here, determining that her theory of decreation is ‘essentially dialectical’ and still too bound up with creation theology. 2 Alessia Ricciardi, however, argues that de la Durantaye’s dismissal of Weil’s influence is hasty.3 Ricciardi analyses deeper resonances between Weil’s and Agamben’s philosophies, ultimately claiming that Agamben ‘seems to extend many of the implications and claims of Weil’s idea of force’,4 arguably spreading Weil’s influence into Agamben’s reflections on sovereign power and bare life.
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Beyes, Timon, Robin Holt, and Claus Pias, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Media, Technology, and Organization Studies. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198809913.001.0001.
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Humans are woven with technology; since their inception in myth, tools – things ready to hand for use – have been what defines us. Understood prosthetically, they are extensions of our physiological and sensory apparatus. Our most basic relationship with the world is thus a technological one. Rather than simply an array of instrumental equipment that enables the creation of end products, technology sets our skills, our understanding, and our action in relation to each other through the sense of productivity, and it is here that technology and organization are intertwined. This handbook will explore the largely unchartered territory of media, technology, and organization studies, and interrogate their foundational relations, their forms, and their consequences. The arrival of digital media technologies - the organizational powers that move people, data, and things – and their subsequent influence on the styles and forms of organizing highlights the need to survey the very technological materials and objects that enable and shape organization, and those that are enabled and shaped by organizational processes in return. To do so, each chapter focuses on a specific mediating, technological object, such as the Clock, High Heels, the Pen or the Smartphone, asking the question: How does this object or process organize? Rather than being a chapter ‘on’ an object in isolation, the chapters consider how we might think about their resonance in the way we have, and continue to, create organizational form.
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Warman, Caroline. Pre-Romantic French Thought. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.1.
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This chapter explores what is at stake for supposedly ‘pre-romantic’ thinkers in France, and try to understand what ‘pre-romanticism’ is. It argues that many of the most resonant themes associated with Romanticism, already compellingly and unflinchingly explored by Diderot, It requires us to abandon the familiar models of straightforward transmission and influence which we can fruitfully use in the case of Rousseau, because with Diderot we simply don’t have all the evidence about who said what to whom, or who read what when. Instead, we have sudden manifestations of interest, such as Goethe’s 1805 translation of theNeveu de Rameau, its first publication in any language. We also have to abandon the idea of a literary history in which Classicism dominated then faded to make way for the Enlightenment, which dominated and then faded to make way for Romanticism. This model is too simplistic, although its very convenience explains its existence.
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Gaddam, Samson Sujit Kumar, and Claudia S. Robertson. Cerebral blood flow and perfusion monitoring in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0222.
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Prevention of secondary cerebral ischaemic insults is an important management strategy in acute neurological conditions. Monitoring of cerebral perfusion may aid in early identification of ischaemic insults and help with management. A number of tools are available for this purpose. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the simplest assessment of cerebral perfusion, but in some cases ischaemia can be present even with a normal CPP. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging, either with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging techniques, can provide quantitative regional CBF measurement, but only at a single instance in time. Such studies are valuable in the diagnosis of ischaemia, but are difficult for the management of critically-ill patients. CBF can also be measured within the intensive care unit (ICU), either directly or indirectly through the measurement of cerebral oxygenation. These monitors provide a more continuous measure of CBF, and are more useful in assessing response to treatment. Some of the ICU tools monitor global perfusion and some assess perfusion only in a local area of brain surrounding the monitor. With local monitors, the location of the probe is important for interpretation of the findings.
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McGregory, Jerrilyn. One Grand Noise. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496834775.001.0001.
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This study interrogates the Boxing Day holiday which is globally celebrated on December 26. Although it is a long standing bank holiday for members of the British Commonwealth of Nations, no monograph exists attesting to its origin, especially as longstanding cultural holiday in the Protestant circum-Caribbean Basin. After historicizing its connection to ancient festivals and Catholicism, Jerrilyn McGregory explores how the Anglicized Caribbean World constitutes a gombe-complex marked by the privileging African-based rhythms and drums. McGregory considers Bermuda’s Gombey dancers, Bahamian Junkanoo, Garifuna Jankunú, Trinidadian style Carnivals in St. Croix and St. Kitts, and even a North Florida Shooting Match with semblances to these Caribbean festival arts. Ultimately, McGregory argues for an interpretive approach to deconstruct the vernacular tropes: “one grand noise”, “Foreday morning”, and “from back-o-town.” Therefore, rather than an island-by-island interrogation, this study will illuminate cultural resonances antithetical to hegemonic rule noise, darkness, and temporal-spatiality. While the cultural producers adhere to variant historical contexts, all function as forms of persistence and resistance. In the final analysis, McGregory documents the move from the simply carnivalesque to the ritualesque with the insinuation of their offspring to ensure continuity without fixity to ward off the threat of cultural tourism.
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Shelby, Karen L. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036941.003.0014.
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In this article, published in 1971, we find themes of responsibility and solidarity that resonate throughout Simone de Beauvoir’s lifetime of writing and thought. Beginning with the polemic of the title of the essay, which also stands as its final emphatic statement, she is intent on exposing an injustice that results from what she calls “bourgeois justice” and on issuing a call to knowledge and action on the part of her readers. She takes the kind of situation that all of us would regard with proper sentiments of horror when we hear of it—a factory fire in which fifty-seven people suffered severe injury or death—and asks more of her readers, as humans living in an intersubjective world in which actions and inaction can have a profound effect on the lives and freedom of others....
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Clarke, Katherine. Shaping the Geography of Empire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.001.0001.
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This is a book about the multiple worlds that Herodotus creates in his narrative. The constructed landscape in Herodotus’ work incorporates his literary representation of the natural world from the broadest scope of continents right down to the location of specific episodes. His ‘charging’ of those settings through mythological associations and spatial parallels adds further depth and resonance. The physical world of the Histories is in turn altered by characters in the narrative whose interactions with the natural world form part of Herodotus’ inquiry, and add another dimension to the meaning given to space, combining notions of landscape as physical reality and as constructed reality. Geographical space is not a neutral backdrop, nor simply to be seen as Herodotus’ ‘creation’, but it is brought to life as a player in the narrative, the interaction with which reinforces the positive or negative characterizations of the protagonists. Analysis of focalization is embedded in this study of Herodotean geography in two ways—firstly, in the configurations of space contributed by different viewpoints on the world; and secondly, in the opinions about human interaction with geographical space which emerge from different narrative voices. The multivocal nature of the narrative complicates whether we can identify a single ‘Herodotean’ world, still less one containing consistent moral judgements. Furthermore, the mutability of fortune renders impossible a static Herodotean world, as successive imperial powers emerge. The exercise of political power, manifested metaphorically and literally through control over the natural world, generates a constantly evolving map of imperial geography.
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Rogers, Susan Fox, ed. When Birds Are Near. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750915.001.0001.
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In this literary collection, writers explore and celebrate their lives with and love for birds — detailing experiences from Alaska to Bermuda, South Dakota to Panama. The book offers tales of adventure, perseverance, and fun, whether taking us on a journey down Highway 1 to see a rare California Condor, fighting the destruction of our grasslands, or simply watching the feeder from a kitchen window. But these essays are more than just field notes. The authors reflect on love, loss, and family, engaging a broad array of emotions, from wonder to amusement. As one author writes, “Sometimes the best bird experiences are defined less by a rare sighting than by a quality of presence, some sense of overall occasion that sets in motion memories of a particular landscape, a particular light, a particular choral effect, a particular hiking partner.” Or, as the poet Elizabeth Bradfield remarks, “We resonate with certain animals, I believe, because they are a physical embodiment of an answer we are seeking. A sense of ourselves in the world that is nearly inexpressible.” This book gives us the chance to walk alongside these avid appreciators of birds and reflect on our own interactions with our winged companions.