Academic literature on the topic 'Simple and collective self-Confrontations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Simple and collective self-Confrontations":
1
Almeida, Michael J. "Collective Rationality and Simple Utilitarian Theories." Dialogue 33, no. 3 (1994): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300039019.
Abstract:
Much of recent moral philosophy has been concerned with the relation between individual rationality and individual obligation. Familiar gametheoretic analyses, in particular the Prisoner's Dilemma, at least suggest that unconstrained pursuit of rational self-interest leads to collective ill. The difficulty is nicely illustrated by comparing the preference-orderings of distinct individuals over the possible outcomes of their actions to their collective preference-ordering. Consider the following typical version of the Prisoner's Dilemma, where R2 and C2 represent respectively “R has confessed to the crime” and “C has confessed to the crime,” and Rl and Cl correspond to “It is not the case that R has confessed” and “It is not the case that C has confessed.”
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Noto, Daisuke, and Hugo N. Ulloa. "Simple tracking of occluded self-propelled organisms." Measurement Science and Technology 35, no. 3 (December 28, 2023): 035705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad1813.
Abstract:
Abstract Deepening our understanding of animals’ collective motions represents a multidisciplinary goal. Yet, quantifying the motions of hundreds of animals in the laboratory and nature posits a fundamental challenge for digital image processing: How do we track each object out of the crowd while allowing them to move freely in a three-dimensional (3D) domain? Here, we present a simple tracking strategy to reconstruct 3D trajectories with the aid of a mirror, even if moving objects experience occlusion. We explain the method using synthetically generated datasets and apply it to measure collective motions of phototactic zooplankton, Daphnia magna, swimming in a lab-scale aquarium at intermediate Reynolds numbers, 1 < R e < 13 . The method enables measuring statistics of characteristic features of D. magna swarm, including sinking velocities and flapping frequencies. Beyond the lab-scale animal tracking, we foresee further implementations of the method to study wild animals freely behaving in 3D environments irrespective of their species.
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Sumpter, D. J. T. "The principles of collective animal behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1465 (November 28, 2005): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1733.
Abstract:
In recent years, the concept of self-organization has been used to understand collective behaviour of animals. The central tenet of self-organization is that simple repeated interactions between individuals can produce complex adaptive patterns at the level of the group. Inspiration comes from patterns seen in physical systems, such as spiralling chemical waves, which arise without complexity at the level of the individual units of which the system is composed. The suggestion is that biological structures such as termite mounds, ant trail networks and even human crowds can be explained in terms of repeated interactions between the animals and their environment, without invoking individual complexity. Here, I review cases in which the self-organization approach has been successful in explaining collective behaviour of animal groups and societies. Ant pheromone trail networks, aggregation of cockroaches, the applause of opera audiences and the migration of fish schools have all been accurately described in terms of individuals following simple sets of rules. Unlike the simple units composing physical systems, however, animals are themselves complex entities, and other examples of collective behaviour, such as honey bee foraging with its myriad of dance signals and behavioural cues, cannot be fully understood in terms of simple individuals alone. I argue that the key to understanding collective behaviour lies in identifying the principles of the behavioural algorithms followed by individual animals and of how information flows between the animals. These principles, such as positive feedback, response thresholds and individual integrity, are repeatedly observed in very different animal societies. The future of collective behaviour research lies in classifying these principles, establishing the properties they produce at a group level and asking why they have evolved in so many different and distinct natural systems. Ultimately, this research could inform not only our understanding of animal societies, but also the principles by which we organize our own society.
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Engelking, Anna. "Simple Hardworking Christian Folks, or the Self-Image of Contemporary Belarusian Kolkhozniks." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 27, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): 260–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325412469663.
Abstract:
This article concerns the anthropological inquiry about collective identity of contemporary Belarusian kolkhozniks. The author had conducted her field research (1993-2011) in both west and east Belarus. Source materials consist of about seven hundred conversations with individuals overwhelmingly more than sixty years of age. By analyzing and interpreting their narrative, the author traced the implicit values, norms, rules, basic semiotic dichotomies, and distinctive attributes in search of an unbiased insight into the content, structure, and building process of collective identity of the subjects under study. She concludes that the dichotomies, constitutive for collective identity of kolkhozniks—“peasant” versus “lord,” “peasant” versus “Jew,” and “Christian” versus “Jew”—result in the self-definition of muzhik-kolkhoznik as a simple, hard-working man “from here” belonging to a “Christian nation.” Neither the nation nor motherland, state nor language, belongs to the principal values of this group, which are “working the land” and “faith in God.” As a result of the petrifaction of the old model of the serfdom manor by the Soviet kolkhoz system, in a Belarusian village we presently encounter one of the last European residuals of premodern mentality and social identity. The image of Belarusian kolkhozniks’ collective identity has little to do with the popular category of Homo sovieticus and with the common stereotype of the kolkhoz. The human subject of the author’s anthropological reflection shows up as a person dealing amazingly well with extremely difficult living conditions and the modern, vivid personification of the archaic Homo religiosus.
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Flechsig, Holger, and Alexander S. Mikhailov. "Simple mechanics of protein machines." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 155 (June 2019): 20190244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0244.
Abstract:
While belonging to the nanoscale, protein machines are so complex that tracing even a small fraction of their cycle requires weeks of calculations on supercomputers. Surprisingly, many aspects of their operation can be however already reproduced by using very simple mechanical models of elastic networks. The analysis suggests that, similar to other self-organized complex systems, functional collective dynamics in such proteins is effectively reduced to a low-dimensional attractive manifold.
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Rodríguez, Alejandro, and James A. Reggia. "Extending Self-Organizing Particle Systems to Problem Solving." Artificial Life 10, no. 4 (September 2004): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1064546041766424.
Abstract:
Self-organizing particle systems consist of numerous autonomous, purely reflexive agents (“particles”) whose collective movements through space are determined primarily by local influences they exert upon one another. Inspired by biological phenomena (bird flocking, fish schooling, etc.), particle systems have been used not only for biological modeling, but also increasingly for applications requiring the simulation of collective movements such as computer-generated animation. In this research, we take some first steps in extending particle systems so that they not only move collectively, but also solve simple problems. This is done by giving the individual particles (agents) a rudimentary intelligence in the form of a very limited memory and a top-down, goal-directed control mechanism that, triggered by appropriate conditions, switches them between different behavioral states and thus different movement dynamics. Such enhanced particle systems are shown to be able to function effectively in performing simulated search-and-collect tasks. Further, computational experiments show that collectively moving agent teams are more effective than similar but independently moving ones in carrying out such tasks, and that agent teams of either type that split off members of the collective to protect previously acquired resources are most effective. This work shows that the reflexive agents of contemporary particle systems can readily be extended to support goal-directed problem solving while retaining their collective movement behaviors. These results may prove useful not only for future modeling of animal behavior, but also in computer animation, coordinated movement control in robotic teams, particle swarm optimization, and computer games.
7
ALEKSIEJUK, AGATA, JANUSZ A. HOŁYST, and GUEORGI KOSSINETS. "SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY IN A MODEL OF COLLECTIVE BANK BANKRUPTCIES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 03 (March 2002): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102003164.
Abstract:
The question we address here is of whether phenomena of collective bankruptcies are related to self-organized criticality. In order to answer it we propose a simple model of banking networks based on the random directed percolation. We study effects of one bank failure on the nucleation of contagion phase in a financial market. We recognize the power law distribution of contagion sizes in 3d- and 4d-networks as an indicator of SOC behavior. The SOC dynamics was not detected in 2d-lattices. The difference between 2d- and 3d- or 4d-systems is explained due to the percolation theory.
8
Otsuka, T., Y. Tsunoda, T. Togashi, N. Shimizu, and T. Abe. "Single-particle states vs. collective modes: friends or enemies ?" EPJ Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817802003.
Abstract:
The quantum self-organization is introduced as one of the major underlying mechanisms of the quantum many-body systems. In the case of atomic nuclei as an example, two types of the motion of nucleons, single-particle states and collective modes, dominate the structure of the nucleus. The collective mode arises as the balance between the effect of the mode-driving force (e.g., quadrupole force for the ellipsoidal deformation) and the resistance power against it. The single-particle energies are one of the sources to produce such resistance power: a coherent collective motion is more hindered by larger spacings between relevant single particle states. Thus, the single-particle state and the collective mode are “enemies” against each other. However, the nuclear forces are rich enough so as to enhance relevant collective mode by reducing the resistance power by changing single-particle energies for each eigenstate through monopole interactions. This will be verified with the concrete example taken from Zr isotopes. Thus, the quantum self-organization occurs: single-particle energies can be self-organized by (i) two quantum liquids, e.g., protons and neutrons, (ii) monopole interaction (to control resistance). In other words, atomic nuclei are not necessarily like simple rigid vases containing almost free nucleons, in contrast to the naïve Fermi liquid picture. Type II shell evolution is considered to be a simple visible case involving excitations across a (sub)magic gap. The quantum self-organization becomes more important in heavier nuclei where the number of active orbits and the number of active nucleons are larger.
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MEHANDIA, VISHWAJEET, and PRABHU R. NOTT. "The collective dynamics of self-propelled particles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 595 (January 8, 2008): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009184.
Abstract:
We propose a method for the dynamic simulation of a collection of self-propelled particles in a viscous Newtonian fluid. We restrict attention to particles whose size and velocity are small enough that the fluid motion is in the creeping flow regime. We propose a simple model for a self-propelled particle, and extended the Stokesian Dynamics method to conduct dynamic simulations of a collection of such particles. In our description, each particle is treated as a sphere with an orientation vector p, whose locomotion is driven by the action of a force dipole Sp of constant magnitude S0 at a point slightly displaced from its centre. To simplify the calculation, we place the dipole at the centre of the particle, and introduce a virtual propulsion force Fp to effect propulsion. The magnitude F0 of this force is proportional to S0. The directions of Sp and Fp are determined by p. In isolation, a self-propelled particle moves at a constant velocity u0p, with the speed u0 determined by S0. When it coexists with many such particles, its hydrodynamic interaction with the other particles alters its velocity and, more importantly, its orientation. As a result, the motion of the particle is chaotic. Our simulations are not restricted to low particle concentration, as we implement the full hydrodynamic interactions between the particles, but we restrict the motion of particles to two dimensions to reduce computation. We have studied the statistical properties of a suspension of self-propelled particles for a range of the particle concentration, quantified by the area fraction φa. We find several interesting features in the microstructure and statistics. We find that particles tend to swim in clusters wherein they are in close proximity. Consequently, incorporating the finite size of the particles and the near-field hydrodynamic interactions is of the essence. There is a continuous process of breakage and formation of the clusters. We find that the distributions of particle velocity at low and high φa are qualitatively different; it is close to the normal distribution at high φa, in agreement with experimental measurements. The motion of the particles is diffusive at long time, and the self-diffusivity decreases with increasing φa. The pair correlation function shows a large anisotropic build-up near contact, which decays rapidly with separation. There is also an anisotropic orientation correlation near contact, which decays more slowly with separation. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.
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Papadopoulou, Marina, Hanno Hildenbrandt, Daniel W. E. Sankey, Steven J. Portugal, and Charlotte K. Hemelrijk. "Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): e1009772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009772.
Abstract:
Bird flocks under predation demonstrate complex patterns of collective escape. These patterns may emerge by self-organization from local interactions among group-members. Computational models have been shown to be valuable for identifying what behavioral rules may govern such interactions among individuals during collective motion. However, our knowledge of such rules for collective escape is limited by the lack of quantitative data on bird flocks under predation in the field. In the present study, we analyze the first GPS trajectories of pigeons in airborne flocks attacked by a robotic falcon in order to build a species-specific model of collective escape. We use our model to examine a recently identified distance-dependent pattern of collective behavior: the closer the prey is to the predator, the higher the frequency with which flock members turn away from it. We first extract from the empirical data of pigeon flocks the characteristics of their shape and internal structure (bearing angle and distance to nearest neighbors). Combining these with information on their coordination from the literature, we build an agent-based model adjusted to pigeons’ collective escape. We show that the pattern of turning away from the predator with increased frequency when the predator is closer arises without prey prioritizing escape when the predator is near. Instead, it emerges through self-organization from a behavioral rule to avoid the predator independently of their distance to it. During this self-organization process, we show how flock members increase their consensus over which direction to escape and turn collectively as the predator gets closer. Our results suggest that coordination among flock members, combined with simple escape rules, reduces the cognitive costs of tracking the predator while flocking. Such escape rules that are independent of the distance to the predator can now be investigated in other species. Our study showcases the important role of computational models in the interpretation of empirical findings of collective behavior.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Simple and collective self-Confrontations":
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Bailly, Myriam. "Les compétences collaboratives interprofessionnelles au service de l'apprentissage des étudiants infirmiers : optimisation des scénarisations pour penser autrement la formation initiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ6000.
Abstract:
Cette thèse s'intéresse à la collaboration interprofessionnelle des futurs professionnels de la santé. Elle poursuit trois objectifs. Le premier est d'explorer le développement des compétences collaboratives interprofessionnelles d'étudiants infirmiers en fin de formation initiale. Pour la formation en soins infirmiers, l'interprofessionnalité est une déclinaison transversale à d'autres compétences mais son enseignement n'est pas adossé à un référentiel explicite de compétences collaboratives interprofessionnelles. Ainsi, les formats pédagogiques d'éducation interprofessionnelle y sont rarement déployés. Plébiscitée par la littérature, l'éducation interprofessionnelle permet pourtant d'optimiser le travail collaboratif. Le second objectif de ce travail trouve ancrage dans nos résultats préliminaires. Il vise à soutenir le développement des compétences collaboratives interprofessionnelles par une démarche d'apprentissage interprofessionnelle qui combine dimension réflexive et développementale. Le cadre organisateur de la recherche est la clinique de l'activité. Développée par Clot, la clinique de l'activité accorde une place centrale aux collectifs de travail, susceptibles d'assurer une fonction médiatisante entre le sujet et son activité. La clinique de l'activité aspire à développer les ressources existantes, à faire surgir des instruments psychologiques nouveaux et à donner aux étudiants la capacité d'agir dans l'exercice de leur activité. Le dispositif de recherche s'inscrit dans la simulation en santé qui met en jeu la collaboration interprofessionnelle par le truchement d'une activité de soins collective simulée entre des étudiants infirmiers et des étudiants masseurs-kinésithérapeutes. Les traces filmiques de la simulation, médiées par le chercheur, sont des supports individuels puis collectifs à la réflexion des étudiants. Enfin, le dernier objectif de cette thèse poursuit une visée épistémique. La recherche envisage d'utiliser les discours d'étudiants infirmiers et masseurs-kinésithérapeutes rassemblés en collectif de travail, pour soutenir la conception de modèles d'éducation interprofessionnelle en sciences de la santé et pour réinterroger les curricula de formationThis thesis focuses on the interprofessional collaboration of future health professionals. It has three objectives. The first is to explore the development of interprofessional collaborative skills of student nurses at the end of their initial training. For nursing education, interprofessionality is a transversal declination of other competences but its teaching is not supported by an explicit reference framework of interprofessional collaborative competences. As a result, interprofessional education formats are rarely used. Interprofessional education, which has been widely advocated in the literature, can be used to optimise collaborative work. The second objective of this work is rooted in our preliminary results. It aims to support the development of interprofessional collaborative skills through an interprofessional learning approach that combines reflexive and developmental dimensions. The organising framework of the research is the the clinical approach of activity. Developed by Clot, the clinical approach of activity gives a central place to work collectives, likely to ensure a mediating function between the subject and his activity. Clinical approach of activity aims to develop existing resources, to bring out new psychological instruments and to give students the capacity to act in the exercise of their activity. The research device is part of the health simulation which brings into play the interprofessional collaboration through a simulated collective care activity between nursing students and massage physiotherapists students. The filmic traces of the simulation, mediated by the researcher, are individual and then collective supports for the students' reflection. Finally, the last objective of this thesis pursues an epistemic aim. The research plans to use the discourses of student nurses and kinésithérapists gathered in a work group to support the design of interprofessional education models in the health sciences and to re-interrogate the training curricula
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Curatolo, Agnese. "Collective behaviours in living systems : from bacteria to molecular motors." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC244/document.
Abstract:
La première partie de ma thèse est consacrée à l’étude de l’auto-organisation de souches génétiquement modifiées de bactéries Escherichia coli. Ce projet, réalisé en collaboration avec des biologistes synthétiques de l’Université de Hong Kong, a pour objectif l’exploration et le décryptage d’un nouveau mécanisme d’auto-organisation dans des colonies bactériennes multi-espèces. Cela a été inspiré par la question fascinante de comment les écosystèmes bactériens comprenant plusieurs espèces de bactéries peuvent s’auto-organiser dans l’espace. En considérant des systèmes dans lesquels deux souches de bactéries régulent mutuellement leurs motilités, j’ai pu montrer que le contrôle de densité réciproque est une voie générique de formation de motifs: si deux souches tendent à faire augmenter mutuellement leur motilité (la souche A se déplace plus vite quand la souche B est présent, et vice versa), ils subissent un processus de formation de motifs conduisant à la démixtion entre les deux souches. Inversement, l’inhibition mutuelle de la motilité conduit à la formation de motifs avec colocalisation. Ces résultats ont étévalidés expérimentalement par nos collaborateurs biologistes. Par la suite, j’ai étendu mon étude à des systèmes composés de plus de deux espèces en interaction, trouvant des règles simples permettant de prédire l’auto-organisation spatiale d’un nombre arbitraire d’espèces dont la motilité est sous contrôle mutuel. Cette partie de ma thèse ouvre une nouvelle voie pour comprendre l’auto-organisation des colonies bactériennes avec des souches concurrentes, ce qui est une question importante pour comprendre la dynamique des biofilms ou des écosystèmes bactériens dans les sols. Le deuxième problème traité dans ma thèse est inspiré par le comportement collectif des moteurs moléculaires se déplaçant le long des microtubules dans le cytoplasme des cellules eucaryotes. Un modèle pertinent pour le mouvement des moteurs moléculaires est donné par un système paradigmatique de non-équilibre appelé Processus Asymmetrique d’Exclusion Simple, en anglais Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP). Dans ce modèle sur réseau unidimensionnel, les particules se déplacent dans les sites voisins vides à des taux constants, avec un biais gauche-droite qui déséquilibre le système.Lorsqu’il est connecté à ses extrémités à des réservoirs de particules, l’ASEP est un exemple prototypique de transitions de phase unidimensionnelles guidées par les conditions aux limites. Les exemples réalistes, cependant, impliquent rarement une seule voie:les microtubules sont constitués de plusieurs pistes de tubuline auxquelles les moteurs peuvent s’attacher. Dans ma thèse, j’explique comment on peut théoriquement prédire le comportement de phase de systèmes à plusieurs voies complexes, dans lesquels les particules peuvent également sauter entre des voies parallèles. En particulier, je montre que la transition de phase unidimensionnelle vue dans l’ASEP survit cette complexité supplémentaire mais implique de nouvelles caractéristiques telles que des courants transversaux stables non-nulles et une localisation de cisaillementThe first part of my thesis is devoted to studying the self-organization of engineered strains of run-and-tumble bacteria Escherichia coli. This project, carried out in collaboration with synthetic biologists at Hong Kong University, has as its objective the exploration and decipherment of a novel self-organization mechanism in multi-species bacterial colonies. This was inspired by the fascinating question of how bacterial ecosystems comprising several species of bacteria can self-organize in space. By considering systems in which two strains of bacteria mutually regulate their motilities, I was able to show that reciprocal density control is a generic pattern-formation pathway: if two strains tend tomutually enhance their motility (strain A moves faster when strain B is present, and conversely),they undergo a pattern formation process leading to demixing between the two strains. Conversely, mutual inhibition of motility leads to pattern formation with colocalization. These results were validated experimentally by our biologist collaborators. Subsequently, I extended my study to systems composed of more than two interacting species, finding simple rules that can predict the spatial self-organization of an arbitrary number of species whose motility is under mutual control. This part of my thesis opens up a new route to understand the self-organization of bacterial colonies with competing strains, which is an important question to understand the dynamics of biofilms or bacterial ecosystems in soils.The second problem treated in my thesis is inspired by the collective behaviour ofmolecular motorsmoving along microtubules in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. A relevant model for the molecularmotors’ motion is given by a paradigmatic non-equilibrium system called Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP). In this one-dimensional lattice- based model, particles hop on empty neighboring sites at constant rates, with a leftright bias that drives the systemout of equilibrium. When connected at its ends to particle reservoirs, the ASEP is a prototypical example of one-dimensional boundary driven phase transitions. Realistic examples, however, seldom involve only one lane: microtubules are made of several tubulin tracks to which the motors can attach. In my thesis, I explained how one can theoretically predict the phase behaviour of complex multilane systems, in which particles can also hop between parallel lanes. In particular, I showed that the onedimensional phase transition seen in the ASEP survives this additional complexity but involves new features such as non-zero steady transverse currents and shear localization
Books on the topic "Simple and collective self-Confrontations":
1
Abunaw, Ako. Inspiration: A collection of powerful yet simple rules of life you can use to attain self actualization. Buea, Cameroon: Akobat Global Endeavour, 2003.
2
Ferrara, Guido, Giulio Gino Rizzo, and Mariella Zoppi, eds. Paesaggio: didattica, ricerche e progetti (1997-2007). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-123-6.
Abstract:
A collection of essays such as this is intended primarily as evidence of a disciplinary process, a path that is moreover similar to that pursued in other Italian universities, while also being unique in its evolution and as specific as every experience must be. Ten years of scientific and educational work on the landscape were deserving of comment, and we have made this in the only way we know: in writing. Hence there is no celebratory intention. It is simply one of many ways of making a sort of self-analysis, of gaining a deeper insight into ourselves and expounding our experience to others, explaining what we have produced, how we did it and what the results were, with the aim of putting our experience at the disposal of those who deal with the same disciplinary areas or with analogous issues.
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Olson, Kate. Simple Soul Thoughts Journal: Collecting Moments of Joy. Pierucci Publishing, 2022.
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Olson, Kate. Simple Soul Thoughts Journal: Collecting Moments of Joy. Pierucci Publishing, 2022.
5
Wyatt, Tristram D. 7. The wisdom of crowds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198712152.003.0007.
Abstract:
Recent work on collective animal behaviour shows that relatively simple behaviours by each animal acting individually can together produce complex, emergent behaviours larger than the parts. This self-organization occurs despite the limited cognitive abilities of individual animals and despite each animal’s limited access to global information, or the ‘big picture’. ‘The wisdom of crowds’ explains this phenomenon termed swarm intelligence by considering the murmurations of starlings, schools of fish, ant trails, and termite nest-building. The behaviour of individual animals and the rules of interaction, from which the collective behaviours emerge, have evolved under natural selection just like other behaviours. The application of such self-organization models is also discussed.
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Swaner, Alfonzo. Big Book of Self-Esteem : a Collection of Simple Ways to Boost Your Self-Esteem Quickly: Motivation Self Help Books. Independently Published, 2021.
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Selby, Christine L. B. Who Am I? ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216035374.
Abstract:
This book explores what identity is, what factors contribute to it, how it develops, and the impacts that a strong or weak sense of self can have on a person's health, happiness, and future. Many teens grapple with the seemingly simple question, "Who am I?" and struggle to integrate their experiences at school, at home, and with friends into their burgeoning sense of identity. How teens see themselves can influence the friends they choose, the decisions they make, and their mental and physical well-being. Having a strong sense of self can help them resist peer pressure, avoid risky behaviors, and make choices and plans that align with their values and interests. Yet research shows that such factors as heavy social media use can have a strongly negative effect on healthy identity formation for today's teens. Who Am I? Understanding Identity and the Many Ways We Define Ourselves examines the subjects of identity and identity formation across the lifespan, with special emphasis on the teenage years. Beyond simply discussing relevant psychological theories, the book focuses on how identity formation happens in the real world and how it affects the daily lives of teens. It also includes a collection of fictional case studies that provide concrete, relatable illustrations of concepts discussed in the book.
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Toulouse, William. Amazingly Simple Lessons We Learned After 50: A Collection of Letters and Bytes of Wisdom for All Ages. M. Evans and Company, Inc., 2001.
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Oklopcic, Zoran. Beyond the People. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799092.001.0001.
Abstract:
Who is ‘the people’? How does it exercise its power? When is the people entitled to exercise its rights? From where does that people derive its authority? What is the meaning of its self-government in a democratic constitutional order? For the most part, scholars approach these questions from their disciplinary perspectives, with the help of canonical texts, and in the context of ongoing theoretical debates. Beyond the People is a systematic and comprehensive, yet less disciplinarily disciplined study that confronts the same questions, texts, and debates in a new way. Its point of departure is simple and intuitive. A sovereign people is the work of a theoretical imagination, always shaped by the assumptions, aspirations, and anticipations of a particular theorist-imaginer. To look beyond the people is to confront them directly, by exploring the ways in which theorists script, stage, choreograph, record, and otherwise evoke the scenes, actors, actions, and events that permit us to speak intelligibly—and often enthusiastically—about the ideals of popular sovereignty, self-determination, constituent power, ultimate authority, sovereign equality, and collective self-government. What awaits beyond these ideals is a new set of images, and a different way to understand the perennial Who? What? Where? When? and How? questions—not as the suggestions about how best to understand these concepts, but rather as the oblique and increasingly costly ways of not asking the one we probably should: What, more specifically, do we need them for?
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Kelly, Catriona. The New Soviet Man and Woman. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.024.
Abstract:
The heady post-revolutionary years saw the formation of canons of ‘Soviet behaviour’ that remained recognizable in later generations, even when some thought them controversial or absurd. The new ideals were not simply imposed ‘from above’; they were created with the enthusiastic participation of individual Soviet citizens and of key ‘collectives’, including schools, workplaces and the Komsomol. Since coherence was meant to be achieved as much throughexclusionas throughinclusion, the strong sense of what was ‘Soviet’ (asceticism—the exercise of an ‘iron will’—self-sacrifice) was meant to be offset by an equally strong sense of what was not (self-indulgence—weakness—self-serving behaviour). Having explored both the reception and transformation of these ideals, the chapter ends by considering attitudes towards them in post-Soviet Russia, when old solidarities had gone and many either sought to escape the past or viewed it with selective nostalgia.
Book chapters on the topic "Simple and collective self-Confrontations":
1
Malomuzh, Nikolay P., Konstantin S. Shakun, and Vitaliy Yu Bardik. "Collective Self-Diffusion in Simple Liquids Under Pressure." In Metastable Systems under Pressure, 339–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3408-3_24.
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Stroeken, Koen. "Chapter Twelve: Street Cred." In Simplex Society, 253–61. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41115-1_14.
Abstract:
AbstractHip hop performances present another case when opponents dissing each other attract a crowd for harnessing the energy between attendants. The slur appropriated by the artist representing a discriminated group illustrates the principle: use the energy of the simplex instead of evading it. Immunity through contagion. Far from representing an ideology, the artist lets inspiration in and sings the message which can be felt to have collective reason. The tensor of street cred de-simplicates politics. Artists claiming a ‘moral self’ in opposition to ‘immoral others’ are simplicating the situation with a unidimensional message, whereas frame-shifters, like Professa Jay, Mbembe or 50 Cent, turn the tables on themselves to temporarily impersonate the immoral. Their ironizing renders their comparison of frames viable instead of hegemonic.
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Stroeken, Koen. "Chapter Seven: The Oracle and the Real." In Simplex Society, 185–93. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41115-1_9.
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter synthesizes the author’s ethnographic work on healing systems in Africa. Divination has political relevance because is the art of shifting frames. The shift occurs by letting in ‘the real’, a moment neither imaginary nor symbolical. Why should oracles need mediumship or the geomantic throw? Ethnography in eastern and central Africa indicates that an oracle’s purpose is to defuse the simplex preoccupying the consulters.The reader learns about the organs that matter in haruspication. The five chapters of the first part diagnosed society as in a state of entropy and dehumanizing. Sukuma diviners in Tanzania have the tools for such diagnosis but viscerally enact them, which our analysis is in dire need of. To dehumanize is to imagine humans that can lay a claim on you. Bewitchment is the universal experience of someone embodying the Law and living inside you, impinging on your freedom, while you mistakenly situate the help offered by people and so-called ancestral energies ‘outside’ yourself. To live together with one’s witch, an inversion is called for, whereby you accept all those energies of ‘the real’ as part of yourself and locate the Law of the witch where it belongs, quite simply outside of your self. This act is not just a micro-story. Such frameshifts, anthropologists have shown, have built and regenerated society anywhere on this planet. Not surprisingly then, it is here that we discover the tensor of collective reason.
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Schudel, Kai, and Katharina Maag Merki. "Taking Composition and Similarity Effects into Account: Theoretical and Methodological Suggestions for Analyses of Nested School Data in School Improvement Research." In Accountability and Educational Improvement, 83–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69345-9_6.
Abstract:
AbstractSchool improvement research is faced with a school teaching staff, which is not a simple homogeneous entity. The compositional attributes of the teaching staff – such as diversity – can have a crucial influence on school processes. Whether the teaching staff is highly fractured, consists of sharply dissociated subgroups, or has shared beliefs, affects the adoption of school improvement programs differently. However, school improvement research has not yet taken into account what different compositions of the teaching staff mean from a methodological viewpoint. It is true that the use of multilevel analysis is standard in school improvement research and that it considers nested school data. However, this method alone only takes averaged measures of teaching staffs into consideration but not their different compositions. In this contribution, we argue that school improvement research has to consider, theoretically and methodologically, how compositional attributes of the teaching staff can be conceptualized. We first discuss some advancements in the conceptualization of group composition from research on small groups and organizations. We then incorporate suggestions for different diversity typologies from small group research to describe the compositional attributes of the teaching staff. Additionally, we address how the composition of the teaching staff influences each teacher differently, depending on the specific position a teacher has within the teaching staff. We further suggest incorporating the Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM; Kenny, DA, Garcia RL, Small Group Res 43:468–496, 2012) as a methodological approach for assessing these compositional influences. In addition to classic multilevel analysis, the GAPIM also considers the effects of the other teachers on staff and the similarity and dissimilarity of a teacher to the other members of the teaching staff. Finally, we illustrate the possibilities of the theoretical and methodological endorsements discussed by applying the GAPIM to a data set of 37 German upper secondary schools by way of example. We show that a teacher’s job satisfaction is not only influenced by their individual and collective teacher self-efficacy but also by positional effects: The similarity of a teacher to the other teachers on staff and the similarity among the other members of the teaching staff have additional influences on job satisfaction.
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Kloetzer, Laure. "The Interplay of Argumentative Dialogues and Work Observations in Collective Reflection for Work Transformation. Cross Self-confrontations in a Public Health Institution." In Interpersonal Argumentation in Educational and Professional Contexts, 159–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59084-4_8.
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Falk Erhag, Hanna. "Good Self-Rated Health as an Indicator of Personal Capability in Old Age." In International Perspectives on Aging, 51–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_5.
Abstract:
AbstractSelf-rated health, or self-assessed health, is based on asking individuals to evaluate their general health status on a four- or five-point scale, with response options ranging from ‘very good’ to ‘very poor’. This simple question has been one of the most frequently used health indicators for decades. In nursing research, the voices, interpretations and understanding of humans, as well as their ability to shape their experiences, are studied through the collection and analysis of primarily qualitative materials that are subjective and narrative in nature. However, knowledge about subjective experiences of health and illness, situated and filtered through the life-world of the individual, can also be sought using other approaches. The aim of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, it aims to outline perspectives on how epidemiology and population-based studies of self-rated health as an indicator of subjective experiences can generate new evidence to solve nursing problems and expand nursing knowledge. Secondly, based on the hypothesis that there is an association between good self-rated health and a person’s capability to master the gains and losses of late life, the chapter also aims to describe how personal capability can be operationalised as self-rated health, given that this seemingly simple question delegates to the individual the task of synthesising, in a single evaluation, the many dimensions that make up the complex concept of health and wellbeing in old age. Although a person’s capabilities are dependent on a large variety of factors, at the individual level, symptom experience, chronic illnesses and functional disability are paramount. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus will be on self-rated health as an indicator of personal capability in the fourth age – the period of late life characterised by illness, frailty, impairment and dependence on others. To study self-rated health during this period of life is especially interesting in that the discrepancy between subjective and objective health seems to increase with age, and older olds tend to rate their health as better than younger olds given the same level of disease and functioning.
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Yang, Ming, and John Reif. "Social DNA Nanorobots." In Natural Computing Series, 371–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9891-1_20.
Abstract:
AbstractWe describe social DNA nanorobots, which are autonomous mobile DNA devices that execute a series of pair-wise interactions between simple individual DNA nanorobots, causing a desired overall outcome behavior for the group of nanorobots which can be relatively complex. We present various designs for social DNA nanorobots that walk over a 2D nanotrack and collectively exhibit various programmed behaviors. These employ only hybridization and strand-displacement reactions, without use of enzymes. The novel behaviors of social DNA nanorobots designed here include: (i) Self-avoiding random walking, where a group of DNA nanorobots randomly walk on a 2D nanotrack and avoid the locations visited by themselves or any other DNA nanorobots. (ii) Flocking, where a group of DNA nanorobots follow the movements of a designated leader DNA nanorobot, and (iii) Voting by assassination, a process where there are originally two unequal size groups of DNA nanorobots; when pairs of DNA nanorobots from distinct groups collide, one or the other will be assassinated (by getting detached from the 2D nanotrack and diffusing into the solution away from the 2D nanotrack); eventually all members of the smaller groups of DNA nanorobots are assassinated with high likelihood. To simulate our social DNA nanorobots, we used a surface-based CRN simulator.
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Bers, Abraham. "Collective dynamics in plasmas—II. Some basic fluid modes." In Plasma Physics and Fusion Plasma Electrodynamics, 181–265. Oxford University PressOxford, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295784.003.0003.
Abstract:
Abstract This chapter continues the discussion of collective dynamics in plasmas by exploring linear collective modes, as well as some of their nonlinear couplings. The modes are derived from simplified one-dimensional (one-d), reduced hydrodynamic models of plasma dynamics. In particular, the single-fluid MHD model and the two- (or multi-) fluid cold-plasma or plasma with isotropic thermal pressures models are examined here. The simplest collective modes are derived from wave equations that arise from the self-consistent field (SCF) equations of the particular plasma dynamics model in conjunction with the appropriate set of Maxwell field equations. Generally, the dynamics of plasmas is nonlinear, and the study of physically-confined plasmas must include effects of spatial inhomogeneity and boundedness of their equilibria. Some simple aspects of nonlinearity and inhomogeneity can usefully be described in terms of coupling of linear natural modes. The chapter aims at introducing descriptions of the simplest linear natural modes exhibited by hydrodynamic models of plasma dynamics.
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Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz. "Shared Mental Models of the Late Soviet Period." In The Red Mirror, 53–77. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502938.003.0003.
Abstract:
This chapter advances a conceptualization of collective identity as a set of shared cognitive structures (or mental models) about the collective self. Below I argue that the Soviet Union was successful in instilling a Soviet collective identity and that the two main mental models that constituted this identity were a sense of Soviet exceptionalism and a sense of the Soviet state being surrounded by the enemy. These shared mental models represented important pillars supporting individual-level dignity and self-esteem for many Soviet citizens as well as a source of their perceptions of in-group and out-group members. Empirical findings from Yuri Levada’s “simple Soviet person” project and a variety of secondary data are used to support the central claims of this chapter.
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Priya, A. Manju, T. Biju Daniel, V. Padmapriya, and S. Esther Praveena. "SWARM AND SWARM INTELLIGENCE – INTRODUCTORY STUDY INTO COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS." In Futuristic Trends in Network & Communication Technologies Volume 3 Book 2, 350–68. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgnc2p9ch2.
Abstract:
Swarm intelligence, inspired by the collective behavior observed in social organisms, has emerged as a powerful paradigm in both natural and artificial systems. The concept of a swarm refers to a large group of simple agents that interact locally with one another and their environment, giving rise to complex and intelligent behavior at the group level. Swarm intelligence, on the other hand, represents the ability of a swarm to self-organize, adapt, and solve complex problems without central control. In nature, swarms of social insects such as bees, ants, termites, and birds exhibit remarkable abilities in foraging, navigation, resource allocation, and defense. These organisms demonstrate how the interactions of simple individuals can lead to efficient and robust solutions to various challenges faced in their environments. In artificial systems, researchers have successfully translated the principles of swarm intelligence into algorithms and techniques for optimization, decision-making, and problem-solving. Popular swarm intelligence algorithms, such as Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Artificial Bee Colony, have shown great promise in tackling complex optimization and search tasks. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental concepts of swarm intelligence and explores the similarities and differences between natural and artificial swarms. It delves into the principles of self-organization, decentralized decision-making, and adaptation that underpin swarm intelligence, allowing these systems to cope with dynamic and uncertain environments. Furthermore, the paper examines the application domains of swarm intelligence, ranging from robotics and autonomous systems to data clustering, image processing, and network routing. The potential of swarm robotics in solving real-world challenges, such as environmental monitoring, disaster response, and precision agriculture, is also explored. Swarm intelligence presents a compelling avenue for understanding and harnessing emergent collective behavior in both biological and computational contexts. The interplay of simplicity, local interactions, and adaptation enables swarms to tackle complex problems efficiently, making them a valuable source of inspiration for the design of intelligent systems in various fields. The study of swarm intelligence continues to advance, offering exciting possibilities for creating adaptive, robust, and scalable solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of artificial intelligence and beyond.
Conference papers on the topic "Simple and collective self-Confrontations":
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Shirazi, Masoud Jahromi, and Nicole Abaid. "Exploring the Optimality of a Limited View Angle in the Two-Dimensional Vicsek Model." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9232.
Abstract:
Collective behavior emerges from local interactions in a group, has been observed in many natural systems, and is of significant interests for engineering applications. The Vicsek model is a mathematical tool to study collective alignment in a group of self-propelled particles based on local interaction, which has been well-studied in the literature for its simple algorithm and complex global behaviors. Several studies show that particles reach alignment faster when the directionality of particle interaction is restricted by an optimal view angle. This result seems counterintuitive, since each particle is expected to get more information through omnidirectional interaction. This work seeks to explore the possible causes of this optimal view angle by studying interaction dynamics in Vicsek model with restricted view angle through numerical simulation.
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Kelly, Stephen, and Malcolm Heywood. "Emergent Tangled Program Graphs in Multi-Task Learning." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/740.
Abstract:
We propose a Genetic Programming (GP) framework to address high-dimensional Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning (MTRL) through emergent modularity. A bottom-up process is assumed in which multiple programs self-organize into collective decision-making entities, or teams, which then further develop into multi-team policy graphs, or Tangled Program Graphs (TPG). The framework learns to play three Atari video games simultaneously, producing a single control policy that matches or exceeds leading results from (game-specific) deep reinforcement learning in each game. More importantly, unlike the representation assumed for deep learning, TPG policies start simple and adaptively complexify through interaction with the task environment, resulting in agents that are exceedingly simple, operating in real-time without specialized hardware support such as GPUs.
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Kruszewski, Michal, and Leon Krzemieniecki. "Burning books in human history as evidence of extremely aggressive activation of the 'toxic power syndrome'." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005291.
Abstract:
In this scientific essay, we highlight some common aspects of the issue of transferred aggression and symbolic aggression from the perspective of ‘innovative agonology’ – acronym INNOAGON. The cognitive goal of the essay is just the most general rationale regarding an open question: whether this new applied science will increase the chance of at least offsetting in the public space the pernicious, multidimensional effects of pervasive, commercially motivated violence and aggression. It would be ludicrous to equate the criterion for balancing the pathology of violence and aggression with the time and number of messages available to the two parties in the daily cycle. One is represented by entities for whom it is an attractive commodity or the dominant mode of action. The other - in addition to agonologists, individuals and collective actors who are aware (although not all of them refer to scientific evidence) that the continuation of such a practice on a macro level is a simple path to the self-destruction of global civilization. Potential perpetrators could be public affairs coordinators with the highest intensity of 'toxic power syndrome' and at the same time with access to nuclear and biological weapons. The claim that enhancing 'creative power syndrome' at every stage of ontogenesis is the most profitable investment of an individual is both a simple demonstration of the power of evidence-based argumentation. However, social circumstances unambiguously limit applications to the micro scale).
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Kioskli, Kitty, Spyridon Papastergiou, Theofanis Fotis, Stefano Silvestri, and Haralambos Mouratidis. "A Self-Organized Swarm Intelligence Solution for Healthcare ICT Security." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004780.
Abstract:
The healthcare sector has undergone significant transformation in recent years, driven by the adoption of advanced medical technologies like IoT, Cloud Computing, and Big Data. This evolution began with the integration of electronic health records and has expanded to encompass a wide range of digital tools, from medical apps to wearables. These technological advancements have played a crucial role in enhancing patient experiences and outcomes. As healthcare technology has become increasingly interconnected, both physically and in the cyber realm, it has evolved into vast Health Care Information Infrastructures (HCIIs). These HCIIs are of paramount importance due to their critical role in people's well-being and safety. Any disruption, whether through direct actions like medical errors, or indirect actions such as altering patient records can have severe consequences for patient health. Currently, HCIIs are vulnerable because they often rely on isolated cybersecurity products. There is a pressing need to establish a comprehensive security strategy that can coordinate various security components to detect system vulnerabilities and sophisticated attacks. To address this complex challenge, it is essential to break down cybersecurity concerns in the healthcare sector based on the criticality of their assets. Prioritizing emerging solutions in this manner will help mitigate the complexity of the problem. Cyberattacks on the healthcare sector have become increasingly sophisticated and involve not only technical vulnerabilities but also social engineering tactics that exploit individuals with limited technical knowledge. European health and cybersecurity experts must collaborate to develop policies and standards that elevate security maturity throughout the EU. Ultimately, cybersecurity solutions in healthcare should not only enhance security but also have a positive business impact, enabling new services, collaborations, and market opportunities. The proposed solution in this study, represents a state-of-the-art approach to enhancing cybersecurity within HCIIs. It improves the detection and analysis of cyber threats and increases awareness of privacy and security risks in the digital healthcare ecosystem. By providing a Dynamic Situational Awareness Framework, the solution empowers stakeholders in the healthcare sector to recognize, model, and respond to cyber risks, including advanced persistent threats and daily cybersecurity incidents. Additionally, it facilitates the secure exchange of incident-related information aiming to strengthen the security and resilience of modern digital healthcare systems and the associated medical supply chain services. The proposed solution extends the frontiers of various research fields, including security engineering, privacy engineering, and artificial intelligence. Drawing inspiration from biological swarm formations, it brings together these disciplines to empower stakeholders in digital healthcare ecosystems. This leads to the creation of a highly interconnected and advanced intelligence system, comprised of simple nodes or groups of nodes, enabling local interactions and management of healthcare environments. By employing bio-inspired techniques and large-group decision-making models, the framework enhances communication and coordination in complex, distributed networks typical of interconnected healthcare infrastructures. It prioritizes scalability and fault-tolerance, allowing coordinated actions without a central coordinator. This approach streamlines investigation activities within healthcare ecosystems, fostering dynamic intelligence and collective decision-making, even when individual nodes lack a complete view of the situation.
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"Assessing the Graphic Questionnaire Used in Digital Literacy Training." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4302.
Abstract:
[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: To capture digital training experiences, the paper introduces a novel data collection method – a graphic questionnaire. It aims to demonstrate the opportunities and limitations of this tool for collecting feedback from socially disadvantaged participants of digital literacy training about their progress. Background: In training of digital skills for disadvantaged audiences through informal educational interventions, it is important to get sufficient knowledge on factors that lead to their progress in the course of training. There are many tools to measure the achievements of formal education participants, but assessing the effectiveness of informal digital skills training is researched less. The paper introduces a small-scale case study of the training programme aimed at the developing of reading and digital skills among the participants from three socially disadvantaged groups – people with hearing impairments, children from low income families, and elderly persons. The impact of the training on participants was evaluated using different tools, including a short graphic questionnaire to capture the perceptions of the participants after each training. Methodology: We performed a thematic analysis of graphic questionnaires collected after each training session to determine how the students perceived their progress in developing literacy and digital skills. Contribution The findings of the paper can assist in designing assessment of digital literacy programmes that focus not only on final results, but also on the process of gaining digital skills and important factors that facilitate progress. Findings: The graphic questionnaire allowed the researchers to get insights into the perception of acquired skills and progressive achievements of the participants through rich self-reports of attitudes, knowledge gained, and activities during training sessions. However, the graphic questionnaire format did not allow the collection of data about social interaction and cooperation that could be important in learning. Recommendations for Practitioners: Graphic questionnaires are useful and easy-to-use tools for getting rich contextual information about the attitudes, behaviour, and acquisition of knowledge in digital literacy training. They can be used in applied assessments of digital literacy training in various settings. Their simplicity can appeal to respondents; however, in the long-run interest of respondents in continuing self-reports should be sustained by additional measures. Recommendations for Researchers: Researcher may explore the variety of simple and attractive research instruments, such as “honeycomb” questionnaires and similar, to facilitate data collection and saturate feedback with significant perception of personal experiences in gaining digital literacy skills. Impact on Society: Designing effective digital literacy programmes, including engaging self-assessment methods and tools, aimed at socially disadvantaged people will contribute to their digital inclusion and to solving the issues of digital divide. Future Research: Exploration of diverse research methods and expanding the research toolset in assessing digital literacy training could advance our understanding of important processes and factors in gaining digital skills.
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Venkataramanujam, Venkatesh, and Pierre Larochelle. "Panther Peer: A Web-Based Tool for Peer and Self Evaluation." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63807.
Abstract:
Panther Peer is a novel web based tool for peer evaluation. It has been developed at the Florida Institute of Technology to enable students (specifically those involved in capstone design projects) to give one another anonymous feedback on their team performance. Panther Peer is simple to implement and completely automated. Panther Peer automates the process of peer evaluation and minimizes the workload for both instructors and students. With the benefits of automation students can gain feedback more quickly. Moreover, the reduction in workload for course instructors enables them to encourage peer evaluations. The primary advantage of this system is the feedback students receive from their peers which helps them identify their weaknesses and focus on their strengths. The automated process means that the collection and dissemination of information is highly efficient. From the peer evaluations by students, instructors can have a fair idea about the teams progress and intervene where deemed necessary.
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Mollaei Barzi, Yaser, and Mohsen Assadi. "Heat Transfer and Thermal Balance Analysis of an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell Side Lines: A Heat Recovery Capability and Feasibility Study." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64358.
Abstract:
In this study, a preliminary investigation is carried out concerning the possibility and feasibility of recovering part of the side walls heat loss to use it in an energy utilization system. For this purpose, a simple smart heat transfer model is developed for the aluminum smelter side lines accounting for the dynamic ledge profile variations and phase change. Using the model, the total side wall heat loss is estimated and evaluated in different operating conditions of the cell. The system flexibility and self-adjustment ability are taken in to account to find the appropriate solution for the heat extraction system. Using the above-mentioned analysis, the heat recovery strategy and also the possible and applicable alternatives for the side walls heat collection and utilization system are investigated.
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Isaacs, Jason, Sean MacKinnon, Kayla Joyce, and Sherry Stewart. "Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannabis is unlikely to provide standalone benefits when daily self-monitoring is used in clinical practice. It is relevant to note that our study involved a non-help-seeking sample, and future research could benefit from determining whether cannabis reactivity may be moderated by help-seeking behaviours or motivations to change.
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Yun, Huitaek, Jinho Park, and Martin Byung-Guk Jun. "Development of Autonomous Robotic Bin Picking System Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Initially Trained by Human Skills." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-84712.
Abstract:
Abstract Smart Manufacturing (SM) emphasizes autonomous self-adoption and decision making, which is possible by the aid of information technology such as big data, sensors, and machine learning techniques. Picking objects autonomously by industrial robots from cluttered bins (Bin picking) is one of topics that the technologies could be applied to manufacturing processes, especially in flexible input and output logistics. One of the methods is to analyze 3D point clouds from depth sensors, and are matched to the geometry model to calculate possible robot posture, which required heavy calculation and complex algorithm to handle the point clouds. Another method is to train neural networks from reinforced learning, however it requires huge amount of trials and trainings to establish the model, starting with failures. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was initially trained from human skills, and it was trained by itself to improve the job accuracy. In the initial stage, an operator selected a block with a depth image from a Lidar sensor by their intuition that a block can be picked up by a robot. The robot tried to pick up the block, and the image of block with the result of the trial by the robot was recorded. CNN was trained after collecting 500 datasets by the operator. Next, in the self-learning stage, the system automatically tried to pick up candidate blocks from the CNN’s prediction. Collected data during the trial was utilized to gradually train the CNN model. The result shows that the job accuracy was 39% with initial CNN, and improved by 71% after 2,000 trials by self-learning step. The collaboration between human and autonomy would enable to apply the system in shop floors by reduced time, simple development, and improved pick-up accuracy.
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Kirii, Yumi, Humiko Harada, and Hiromitsu Shimakawa. "Analysis of Clothing Features Improving Self-Esteem through Measuring Stress According to Activity Contexts." In 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004085.
Abstract:
In general, it is known that people's mental moods can be affected by changing their clothes.Though low self-esteem and mental disorders related to it have become a social problem in recent years, a simple way to change clothes may contribute to improving depressive symptoms. This study targets to improve self-esteem by changing clothing.There have already been a lot of studies to improve self-esteem. They include the use of social networking sites focusing on praise and the development of interactive technologies to improve young people's self-esteem. However, no method has been proposed to objectively judge whether people spend a daily life with themselves satisfied.Stress values are constantly changing. Their means and variances vary with activities. It implies there is a suitable stress value for each of them. We want to engage in some activities initiatively and are obliged to do others. The former has intrinsic stress while the latter an extrinsic. Even in the same activity, some people want to do it under high tension, while others want to do it in a relaxed manner. The paper introduces activity contexts classified with 2 dimensions related to stress. One dimension shows whether they are intrinsic or extrinsic, while the other presents whether the stress value is appropriate. The paper proposes an experimental method to discover the features of clothing that can improve self-esteem through the analysis of data collected from an activity tracker. Appropriate stress levels are considered to differ from person to person. The proposed method records stress values per subject and activity context, to calculate the appropriate stress value from the mean and variance of the stress values. The method regards items of clothing that bring long-lasting suitable stress values as ones that increase the self-esteem of the users and improve their performance. If the characteristics of clothing that improve self-esteem can be objectively identified from sensor data, a change of clothing into identified one can help reduce feelings of hopelessness and depression caused by low self-esteem. This method uses a multidimensional emotional scale of clothing to represent the characteristics of clothing. The experiment is carried out by collecting data using four questionnaires on the multiple affective states generated by dressing, the activity context, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and the apathy scale. The stress values, heart rate, and activity intensity are also collected from an activity tracker. The analysis is mainly based on the sensor data from the activity tracker. It reduces the effort on the subjects during the experiment.Sensor data on stress values from activity trackers are used as an indicator related to self-esteem. The stress state appropriate to activity status and clothes is predicted by a random forest model constructed from real data. As a result, it is found that people wearing clothing that makes them feel 'fulfilled' according to their assessment of self-esteem are more likely to be in an appropriate state of stress.The result is expected to play an effective means in alleviating symptoms of low self-esteem and depression.