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Mills, S. "Gilbert Simondon : causality, ontogenesis & technology." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/22786/.
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This PhD thesis focuses on the elucidation, development and application of Gilbert Simondon's realist philosophy of individuation. In particular the thesis has three main goals: First, to provide a developed account of Simondon's ontology. Second, to develop a coherent account of causality in line with Simondon's theorization of individuation. Third, to give a full account of Simondon's philosophy of technology and evaluate its relevance for the contemporary technological state of affairs. To answer the third of these questions it is necessary to address the others. A realist, non-anthropological account of technology necessarily requires the development of a robust ontology and a suitable theorization of causality. In this thesis this is achieved by developing the key concepts involved in Simondon's theory of individuation such as transduction, metastability and pre-individuality. Before developing an account of transductive operation in the three regimes of individuation which Simondon stipulates (physical, vital and psycho-social) we argue for Simondon's account of allagmatics (theory of operations) as consistent with and in some ways superior to some contemporary powers based theories of causality. Having established the broad scope of Simondon's axiomatic use of individuation it is then utilized in order to fully examine his philosophy of technology. This is achieved by bringing together Simondon's theorization of individuation in multiple domains (e.g. the image-cycle, transindividual) in relation to that of technology. In doing this we also develop other important aspects of Simondon's philosophy such as aesthetics, epistemology and ethics. By necessity the thesis has a broad scope in order to reflect the encyclopedic ambition which Simondon had for his genetic philosophy and without which his work is prone to be misunderstood. As such it describes a novel encounter between cybernetics, phenomenology and energetics.
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Jungk, Isabel Victoria Galleguillos. "Por uma ontologia plana: Harman, Simondon, Peirce." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19905.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
By the emergence of the Internet of Things as a physical extension of the network, characterized by the interconnection of intelligent, autonomous and sentient objects, man has lost the position of absolute master in those interrelations to be another actor in the theater of the intricate transformations that take place, evincing the need to rethink the ontological status of both human and technical beings. In the scope of Speculative Realism, the proposal of an Object Oriented Ontology by Graham Harman arose, claiming an ontology which does not depart from pre-established hierarchies between different types of beings. However, despite the undeniable value of the contributions that this movement has made, such as the intense questioning of the subject-object relationship, the importance given to the relation and the disregard of representational issues stricto sensu, such contributions do not seem to suffice for building a philosophy on a truly realistic ground. In this context, it is raised the question about the possibility of the existence of a common denominator between human beings and technical entities, which would be capable of grounding a realistic ontology devoid of pre-established hierarchies. In the present study, it is hypothesized that this gap can be fulfilled by the ontologies elaborated in the works of Gilbert Simondon and Charles Sanders Peirce, authors whose philosophies stand out for metaphysics of an eminently logic and scientific nature, but which do not yet appear in the theoretical framework of contemporary realism in a significant manner, pointing to the relevance of this research. The results of this hypothetical-deductive research are expected to lead to the scientificmetaphysical foundation of a renewed ontological perspective, capable of addressing the consequences of the coexistence between humans and technical beings, as a result of the emerging intelligence technologies, on a realistic and non-hierarchical basis
Pela eclosão de Internet das Coisas como extensão física da rede, caracterizada pela interconexão de objetos inteligentes, sencientes e autônomos, o homem perdeu a posição de senhor absoluto nessas interrelações para ser mais um ator no teatro das intrincadas transformações que se processam, evidenciando-se a necessidade de repensar o estatuto ontológico tanto de seres humanos como de seres técnicos. No âmbito do Realismo Especulativo, surgiu a proposta de Graham Harman de uma Ontologia Orientada a Objetos que não parta de hierarquias preestabelecidas entre os diferentes tipos de seres. Contudo, não obstante o valor inegável das contribuições que esse movimento tem aportado, tais como o questionamento intenso da relação sujeito-objeto, a importância dada à relação e a desconsideração das questões representacionais stricto sensu, tais contribuições não parecem dar conta de construir uma filosofia sobre bases verdadeiramente realistas. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a questão sobre a possibilidade de existência de um denominador comum entre seres humanos e entes técnicos capaz de fundamentar uma ontologia realista desprovida de hierarquias preestabelecidas. Neste estudo, parte-se da hipótese de que essa lacuna pode ser preenchida pelas ontologias elaboradas nas obras de Gilbert Simondon e Charles Sanders Peirce, autores cujas filosofias se destacam por metafísicas de cunho eminentemente lógico-científico, mas que ainda não comparecem no quadro teórico do realismo contemporâneo de maneira significativa, apontando para a relevância desta pesquisa. Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa, de natureza hipotético-dedutiva, levem à fundamentação científico-metafísica de uma perspectiva renovada da ontologia, capaz de abordar as consequências da coexistência entre seres humanos e seres técnicos, em função das tecnologias da inteligência emergentes, sobre bases realistas e não hierarquizadas
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Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues. "Simondon et la philosophie de la nature /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950728h.
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Ribeiro, Fernando Maia Freire. "Individuação e inocência: composições com Simondon e Whitehead." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6562.
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A filosofia viveu um tempo de luminosidade crua em que havia contentamento (pelo menos entre os filósofos dignos de serem estudados) com a postulação das condições de possibilidade que cabiam no horizonte que essa luz podia, então, iluminar. Tudo que escapasse desse horizonte era obscuridade, irracionalidade, mera especulação e, pior de todas as ofensas: metafísica. Mas, alguma filosofia do séc. XX encontrou uma outra distribuição de luminosidade que permitiu um pensamento em claro-escuro, em tonalidades nuançadas em que a nitidez absoluta dos contornos se viu fluidificar, em que as figuras puras e sólidas se mostraram como híbridas, nebulosas derramadas, em que os objetos entraram na história e os homens se misturaram com a natureza, em que os movimentos do mundo e as imagens na consciência saíram da dualidade das qualidades primárias e secundárias e se aventuraram em novas perspectivas (aventuras que ainda atravessam desde a fenomenologia até o cinema).
É neste cenário de novas distribuições que reaparece a questão da individuação apontando para uma outra concepção do indivíduo, não mais substancial e suporte de qualidades, não mais ancorado nos pares matéria e forma, atual e potencial. Tais pares se revelam insuficientes por não darem conta das impurezas que vêm à tona e das surpreendentes possibilidades inventadas (simbioses, alianças, infecções) e não somente atualizadas a partir de um potencial (filiação, reprodução). Nesse novo modo de compor, o atributo não mais se remete a um predicado qualidade, mas ao acontecimento, não mais às possibilidades latentes, mas à potência a ser inventada nas composições, nas relações constituintes dos diferentes modos de existência. Simondon foi o primeiro filósofo a levar em conta, de modo específico, o indivíduo se inventando em composição, daí ter renovado a questão da individuação e transformado o estatuto da relação. O ser é relação, tal é, com Simondon, a proposição que passa a figurar no centro do pensamento da individuação. Mas se, por um lado, havia essa promoção da relação, por outro lado, parecia não haver a liberação dos modos que, enfim, remetiam a uma natureza dos possíveis. Mesmo não funcionando como princípio, essa natureza parecia capturar os modos num potencial, de tal maneira que um novo humanismo, tão sufocante quanto qualquer outro, acompanhava toda a produção de Simondon. Não à toa, sua narrativa dos diferentes modos se fecha no encontro de uma unidade capaz de suportar o multirealismo dos híbridos que surgiam por toda parte. As metas, os sentidos do devir que povoam a obra de Simondon não seriam os ecos de uma velha moral da pureza, da luminosidade branca?Para escapar desse rebatimento da aventura dos modos em tipos privilegiados de relação que levavam a restaurar a unidade perdida, era preciso se lançar na inocência do processo das inumeráveis atividades de um tecido sem base, jogo de linhas impuras em cruzamentos inventados a cada momento. Nesse sentido: era o pensamento especulativo, expresso em sua própria escrita em zig-zag, de Whitehead já um antídoto aos possíveis rebatimentos da nova filosofia da individuação num mundo por demais reconhecido? É esse o espírito da composição nesse trabalho: a individuação simondoneana com a insistência em se entregar à aventura inocente dos processos se fazendo que se encontra em Whitehead (e nos muitos aliados que foram convocados para que outras músicas se façam ouvir).Philosophy has lived a time of raw luminosity, together with a feeling of contentment (at least, among those philosophers who were worth being studied), with the postulates of the conditions of possibility fitting the horizon on which the light could then illuminate. Everything else, out of such range, was obscurity, irrationality, mere speculation and, the worst offense of all, metaphysics. But there it came the Philosophy of the 20th century which has come across some other luminosity distribution so as to allow black-and-white thought, in blurring nuances of once a clear spectrum at the edge of pure and solid figures, to hybrid, misty (cloudy, foggy) shedding ones, in which objects have come into history and men into nature, and in which the world movements and the conscious images have come out of the strict duality of the primary and secondary qualities to adventure into new perspectives ( adventures that are still crossing throughout from phenomenology to cinema).In this scenario of new distributions it revives the individuation problem which points out to a different individual conception: non-substantial and not quality supportive, not grounded in matter and form, in the potential and the actual, for such pairs are not sufficient to handle with both the debris, that come to the surface, and the amazing possibilities created then (symbioses, alliances, infections ), which are not simply actualized from a potentiality (filiation and reproduction). In such a new composition, the attribute does not refer to a quality predicate but to an event, not to latent possibilities but to the potentiality to be created in the constitutive relations of the different existence forms. Simondon was the first philosopher to, specifically, take into account the individual as it is crated in composition and then renewed the question of individuation, transforming the relation status. " The being is relation" is the proposition such as, according to Simondon, it starts to center the individuation thought. However, if, on one hand, there was the promotion of that relation, on the other, it looks as if there was no liberation of the forms, which, eventually, referred to the nature of the possibles. Even thought it does not work as a principle, that nature seemed to capture the forms into potential so as that a new humanism, as suffocating as any other, followed the production of Simondon. It is not by any chance that his account of the different forms converts into a unit which is able to hold the multirealism of the hybrids. Wouldn't the targets, the meanings, of becoming that inhabit Simenon' s work be an echo of an old moral of purity of white luminosity?In order to escape such a rebuttal of the forms adventure into privileged types (tokens) of relations, which has led to restore the lost unity, it was necessary to launch into the innocence process of the countless activities of a tissue without substance and, every time, a match of impure lines in created crossroads. Was it then the speculative thought, in this sense, expressed in its own zigzag writing, in Whitehead, an antidote to possible rebuttal of the new individuation philosophy in a for long acknowledged world? This is the spiritual realm of the current investigation: the simondonean individuation, as it is insisting on giving way to the innocent venture of doing-and-finding (doing-to-find ?) process in Whitehead (and in many other allies that are summoned so as to make some other music be sounded).
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Penas, López Miguel. "Individuación, individuo y relación en el pensamiento de Simondon." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/313452.
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La presente investigación gira en torno al pensamiento del filósofo francés Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989). En líneas generales, tratamos de desentrañar las consecuencias que presenta su filosofía de la individuación para la tradición metafísica occidental. Así, exploramos la posibilidad que abre Simondon para articular un monismo ontogenético con un pluralismo ontológico, esto es, la idea según la cual es posible apreciar una continuidad entre las diferentes dimensiones de lo real -física, biológica, psíquico-colectiva- sin negar por ello su pluralidad intrínseca. El cambio de perspectiva operado por Simondon desde los individuos ya constituidos hacia los procesos de individuación es lo que asegura, a nuestro juicio, dicha posibilidad.
En la primera parte, realizamos un estudio de la relación entre materia inerte y seres vivos por medio del encuentro entre la filosofía simondoniana de la individuación y la termodinámica del no-equilibrio desarrollada por Ilya Prigogine. La concepción de Simondon, en la que la individuación biológica aparece como una ralentización de la individuación física, se muestra como una vía apropiada para superar la división ontológica entre materia y vida. Sin embargo, su focalización en la cristalización como ejemplo paradigmático de individuación física, y su intento de universalización de la noción de metaestabilidad, revelan ciertas limitaciones para llevar a cabo este proyecto, las cuales pueden ser superadas gracias al concepto de una auto-organización de la materia presente en la termodinámica del no-equilibrio.
En la segunda parte, realizamos una interpretación de los principales puntos de la metafísica de Simondon. En primer lugar, seguimos la lectura deleuziana en la cual la filosofía de Simondon aparece como una transformación del concepto kantiano de lo trascendental. A continuación, defendemos una interpretación según la cual el pensamiento de Simondon constituye una forma de realismo procesual-relacional. Finalmente, realizamos una confrontación de la filosofía simondoniana con el giro especulativo de la filosofía actual, especialmente con el materialismo especulativo de Quentin Meillassoux y la filosofía orientada a los objetos de Graham Harman.This research is focused on the thought of the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989). Generally, we try to shed light on the consequences that his philosophy of individuation presents for the Western metaphysical tradition. We explore the possibility opened by Simondon to articulate an ontogenetic monism with an ontological pluralism, that is, the idea that it is possible to appreciate a continuity between the different dimensions of the real -physical, biological, psycho-collective-without denying their intrinsic plurality. We argue that Simondon’s change of perspective from the already constituted individuals towards the process of individuation is what ensures such a possibility. In the first part, we study the relation between inert matter and living beings through the encounter between Simondon’s philosophy of individuation and Ilya Prigogine’s non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Simondon’s conception, in which biological individuation appears as a slowing down of physical individuation, is shown as a suitable way to overcome the ontological division between matter and life. However, his focus on crystallization as the paradigmatic example of physical individuation, and his attempt to universalize the notion of metastability, reveal certain limitations to carry out this project which can be overcome through the concept of self-organization of matter that we find in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. In the second part, we offer an interpretation of the main points of Simondon’s metaphysics. Firstly, we follow Deleuze's reading in which Simondon's philosophy appears as a transformation of Kant's concept of the transcendental. Then, we defend an interpretation according to which Simondon’s thought is a form of process-relational realism. Finally, we confront Simondonian philosophy with the speculative turn of contemporary philosophy, especially with Quentin Meillassoux’s speculative materialism and Graham Harman’s object-oriented philosophy.
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Barros, Gustavo de Almeida. "Da individuação em Simondon ao inventar-se pela educação infantil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2768.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-27That bibliographic theoretical-characterized survey has been as its beginning the following question: How is an individual constituted? By searching the solution for this question, we have mainly based on the thesis of Gilbert Simondon, a French philosopher, The Individuation under the Light of Notions about Shape and Information (1958), which along with the comprehension about his concepts, sought in natural sciences like inequality, meta stability and transduction. That permitted not only to understand the individual from his individuation process, but also to realize an occurring reality that antecedes it a reality that Simondon himself called pre individual. Moreover, since Simondon show us that the being is never to individuate himself, that pre-individual reality both coexists with the individual and will be his genesis. This point in Simondon s philosophy will make possible for us to answer our own questions. Would the individuation processes not be distinguishing processes, too? In case affirmative, would these singularization processes not be a deindividuation, too? In order to answer our own questions, we have performed, face to Simondon s proposal surveys about the philosophy of difference proposed by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the psychoanalyst Felis Guattari, and by Deleuze s comments about Simondon s philosophy. We have permitted ourselves, therefore, to perform an approach to education, which led us, not only to propose a new manner of understanding education, but also rethinking its practices. For that, we have had to delimitate a theoretical field made up by so many other surveys and texts, which could approximate to what we have performed, that is, which worked out with Simondon, the philosophy of difference and education.
Esta pesquisa de caráter teórico bibliográfico teve como ponto de partida o seguinte questionamento: Como o indivíduo se constitui? Na busca de resolver esta questão, encontramo-nos em Gilbert Simondon, filósofo francês, mais especificamente com sua tese A Individuação à Luz das Noções de Forma e se Informação (1958), que juntamente com a compreensão de seus conceitos, os quais ele vai buscar nas ciências naturais como disparação, metaestabilidade, e transdução permitiu não apenas compreender o indivíduo a partir do seu processo de individuação, mas de perceber a existência de uma realidade que antecede não só o indivíduo, mas o próprio processo de individuação, uma realidade que o próprio Simondon chamou de pré-individual. E como o Simondon nos demonstra, que o ser nunca para de se individuar, essa realidade pré-individual além de coexistir com o indivíduo será também sua gênese. É esse ponto na filosofia de Simondon que nos possibilitará também responder as nossas próprias questões. Se os processos de individuações também não são processos de singularizações? E sendo que sim, esses processos de singularizações não seriam também uma desindividuação? Para responder as nossas próprias perguntas, realizamos, frente a proposta de Simondon, aportes da filosofia da diferença proposta pelo filosofo francês Gilles Deleuze e pelo psicanalista Felix Guattari e nos comentários que Deleuze faz a filosofia de Simondon. Permitindo-nos assim, realizar uma aproximação com a educação, o que nos levou a não só propor uma nova maneira de compreender a educação, mas também, de repensar as suas práticas. Para tal, foi preciso delimitar um campo teórico composto por tantas outras pesquisas e tantos outros textos que aproximassem com o que realizamos, isto é, que trabalhassem com o Simondon, com a filosofia da diferença e com a educação.
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Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues. "Sens et connaissance, à partir et en-deçà de Simondon." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070023.
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L'œuvre philosophique de Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989) reste mal connue. On se propose d'en montrer toute l'actualité, tant pour la réhabilitation de la "philosophie de la nature" (Première Partie) que dans le domaine de "l'épistémologie" (Deuxième Partie) ou encore pour la "pensée de la technique" (Troisième Partie). L'interrogation sur la "physique quantique" est au service d'une "ontologie génétique" qui, plus ou moins explicitement, se veut philosophie de "l'information", cette notion fournissant le centre d'une "réforme notionnelle" en philosophie. Or, parce que la visée simondonienne d'une "Relativité philosophique" après la "révolution copernicienne" ne peut ici refuser la distinction kantienne entre information et réel qu'en imposant paradoxalement à l'ontologie génétique d'être elle-même "relativisée et refondée", la démonstration qui nourrit l'orientation "polémique" de l'exégèse appelle une pensée du "Sens" (Introduction et Quatrième Partie) dans laquelle le sujet "philosophant" lui-même se vit comme "constitué par le sens qu'il manipule". Par là c'est l'ambition, prioritaire chez Simondon, d'une "subversion des alternatives classiques" qui peut se radicaliser, pour préparer sa réalisationThe philosophical work of Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989) is still little known today. We aim to show his actuality for the rehabilitation of the "philosophy of Nature" (First Part) as in the field of "epistemology" (Second Part) and as "thought of technology" (Third Part). The topic of the interpretation of "quantum mechanics" pertains to a "genetic ontology" that, more or less explicitly, is meant to be a philosophy of "information", this notion being at the centre of a "notional reform" in philosophy. Moreover, since Simondon's wish for a "philosophical Relativity", coming in the wake of the "Copernician revolution", can refuse the Kantian distinction between information and reality only by paradoxically forcing the genetic ontology to be, itself, "relativized and refounded", the demonstration that informs the "polemical" orientation of our exegesis requires a reflection on "Meaning" (Introduction and Fourth Part) in which the "philosopher" himself experiences oneself as "generated by the meaning that he is operating". This is how the ambition, which is of prime importance for Simondon, to "subvert classical alternatives" can become more radical, in order to prepare its completion
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Chabot, Pascal. "Processus techniques et processus d'individuation dans la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211737.
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Duhem, Ludovic. "L'être préindividuel de l'œuvre d'art : Simondon et le problème de l'esthétique." Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30035.
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Cette étude vise à établir le problème de l'esthétique dans la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989). L'ontologie, l'épistémologie et la technologie ont fait l'objet de nombreuses études et publications, mais l'esthétique demeure un aspect sous-estimé, voire totalement ignoré par les commentateurs. Nous voudrions montrer que l'absence d'une doctrine esthétique autonome ne signifie pas qu'aucune réflexion relative au sensible et à l'art n'existe chez Simondon. L'examen de l'ensemble formé par L'individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d'information et Du mode d'existence des objets techniques montre ainsi d'une part que la critique de l'être comme substance, de l'individu comme composé de matière et de forme, de la connaissance comme rapport du sujet à l'objet, s'applique à tout type de réalité, et donc nécessairement aux êtres esthétiques ; d'autre part, que la réhabilitation de l'objet technique et sa réinscription dans l'évolution du rapport de l'homme au monde permet de sortir la technique de l'utilitarisme et de réévaluer la place de l'esthétique dans la culture. La réforme notionnelle imposée par la philosophie génétique s'avère ainsi d'une grande fécondité pour renouveler la réflexion esthétique, mais elle demeure à construire. Pour y parvenir, il faut résoudre certaines tensions internes à la pensée de Simondon, mais il faut également tenir compte de la dissémination des réflexions esthétiques dans le "corpus secondaire", dont cette étude propose la première exégèse complète. En définitive, cette étude montre que l'esthétique est la tache aveugle de la pensée de Simondon et qu'il est tout à fait légitime d'en opérer une reconstruction critiqueThis study aims to establish the issue of aesthetics in Gilbert Simondon's philosophy. Ontology, epistemology and technology have been the subject of many studies and publications, but esthetics remains an underestimated aspect, or even totally ignored by commentators. Therefore, we would demonstrate that the absence of an autonomous aesthetic doctrine doesn't mean that no reflexion about the physical world and art exist in Simondon. The examinnation of the whole composed by l'individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d'information and Du mode d'existence des objets techniques show it clearly by the universality of its concepts. The notional reform lay down by the fundamental philosophic gesture to think reality toward genesis is truly a great way to make a new form of aesthetics, but it stays to rebuild. To make it possible, it is necessary to solve certain intern tensions in Simondon's thought, but it's necessary also to be aware of the dissemination of aesthetics reflexions in the "secondary corpus", studied here for the first time. Definitely, this study reveals that aesthetics is the blind spot of Simondon thought and that is totally legitime to make a critical reconstruction of it
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Schroeder, Carlos Augusto Pires. "A filosofia da técnica em Gilbert Simondon : analogia, alagmática e cibernética." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, 2017. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000216997.
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Gilbert Simondon propõe um humanismo a partir da Filosofia técnica? Se ele o faz, como ocorre esta construção teórica acerca dos objetos técnicos? A partir destas questões, este trabalho de pesquisa pretende apresentar uma resposta para relação entre humano e objeto técnico. Com a intenção de responder estas questões nosso trabalho foi dividido em duas partes. A primeira visa reconstruir o processo de individuação atentando para o fato de que ele é resultado de uma operção na qual o ser (individuado) encontra-se sempre em estado dinâmico, tanto consigo quanto com o meio em que vive. Para isso, foi necessário abordar alguns conceitos referentes à tese de Simondon chamada A Indiduação na qual a operação técnica já aparece como meio pelo qual seres tornam-se individuados. No segundo capítulo, apresentamos a especificidade e essência da técnica através da tese complementar de dutoramento de Simondon que leva o nome de O modo de existência dos objetos técnicos. Por meio das noções de sinergia e concretização veremos que a máquina não se distancia do homem, mas funda com ele um modo técnico relacional, no qual ambos existem no mesmo nível operatório. E, por fim, iremos mostrar que há uma relação indentitária entre seres humanos e seres técnicos. Esta relação permeia tanto a individuação de modo genérico, que se desenvolve de maneira análoga em domínios diversos, quanto aos seres técnicos, que operam através de relações análogas ao homem. O que permite unir estrutura e operação é a alagmática uma ciência que entende a realidade por meio das trocas e das relações. Portanto, será possível encontrar no pensamento de Simondon ferramentas para que possamos compreender a relação entre técnica e humano de uma maneira mais estreita. Desta forma, as relações humanas serão pautadas em um modelo que entende a máquina como um mecanismo que opera em conjunto com os seres humanos e não contra eles.Does Gilbert Simondon proposes a humanism from technical philosophy? If he does, how does theoretical construction about the technical objects? Starting from these questions, this work of research intends to introduce one answer for the relation between human and technical object. With the intention to answer these questions, the work has been divided in two parts. The first one aims, rebuild the process of individuation attempting to the fact that it is a result of one operation in which the being (individuated) finds itself always in a dynamic state. For that, it was necessary to broach some concepts referring to Simondons theses called The Individuation, in which the technical operation already appears as a mean by which beings become individuated. In the second chapter, the specificity and the essence of the technique are shown through Simondons complementary PhD theses that has the name The mode of existence of technical objects. Through the notions of synergy and concretization, it is noted that the machine does not distance itself from the man, but founds with him one technical relational mode, in which both exist in the same operative level. And, finally, its shown that theres a relation of identity between human beings and technical beings. This relation goes through the individuation in a generic way that it develops in an analogous way in different domains, as to the technical beings, who operate through relations analogous to man. What allows to unite structure and operation its the allagmatic, a science that understands reality through changes and relations. Therefore, it will be possible to find, in the thinking of Simondon, tools so that one can understand the relation between technique and human in tighter a way. This way, the human relations will be based in one model that understands the machine as a mechanism, which operates together with the human beings and not against them.
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Vilalta, Lucas Paolo Sanches. "A criação do devir: ética e ontogênese na filosofia de Gilbert Simondon." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-11042018-160953/.
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O presente trabalho é uma leitura da relação entre a ontogênese e a ética na filosofia de Gilbert Simondon. Pretende-se mostrar como há uma relação de analogia e imbricação entre ética e ontogênese no pensamento do autor, estas correlações nos permitem apresentar a filosofia simondoniana como uma teoria metaestável que se constitui como permanentemente aberta às novas problemáticas do ser e ao devir do devir. Esta teoria, simultaneamente, ética e ontogenética é excedida em seus modos de captação dos processos de individuação por suas relações com a informação e com a dimensão pré-individual do ser. Apresentamos, em um segundo momento, como a ontogênese simondoniana nos permite pensar uma ética existente nas processualidades de todos os seres, do cristal aos seres humanos, das moléculas aos animais, e também dos objetos técnicos. Por fim, mostramos como Simondon constrói uma concepção singular de sujeito como ação autoproblematizante do ser que faz com que o indivíduo seja, ao mesmo tempo, mais-que-unidade e mais-que-identidade em relação a si mesmo. O sujeito simondoniano é capaz de captar a ética como sentido da ontogênese e agir politicamente apostando todos os possíveis em experiências de transformação de si. O sujeito, ao conjugar em si as dimensões pré-individual, individual e transindividual do ser, possui um devir que é, simultaneamente, individual e coletivo. Com estes desenvolvimentos, pretendemos apresentar como a filosofia de Simondon nos oferece contribuições muitos relevantes para pensarmos possíveis transformações espirituais e políticas para os modos de vida em nossa contemporaneidade.This work aims to be an analysis of the relationship between ethics and ontogenesis in the Gilbert Simondons philosophy. It intends to show that there is an analogycal and inseparable relation between ethics and ontogenesis in his thought. These correlations allow us to show the Simondons philosophy as a metastable theory which creates itself as permanently open to new problematics of the being and to the becoming of becoming. This theory, at the same time, ethical and ontogenetical is always overpassed, in its means of apprehension of the individuation processes, by its relations with information and with the pré-individual dimension of the being. Secondly, we sustain that Simondons ontogenesis allow us to think about an ethics which exists in the being processuality, from crystal to human beings, from molecules to animals, and also in the technical objects processuality. Finally, we show that Simondon constructs a single notion of subject as selfproblematic action of the being that implicates an individual more-than-unity and, simultaneously, more-than-indentity regarding itself. The simondonean subject is able to apprehend ethics as the meaning of the ontogenesis and to act politically risking all the possibles to transform itself. The pre-individual, individual and transindividual dimensions of the being produce an becoming to the subject, which is both individual and collective. According to these arguments, we intend to conclude that the Simondons philosophy gives us very important contributions to think some spiritual and political changes in our contemporary way of life.
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Sehlberg, Johan. "Individuation : Ontogenes : Prolegomena till Gilbert Simondons genetiska ontologi." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15702.
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The following text constitutes an attempt to present the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon's genetic ontology through an account of his reconfiguration of the problem of individuation in his doctoral thesis from 1958, L'individuation à la lumière des notions de forme, information, potentiel, métastabilité. The intention is to show how Simondon through this reconfiguration of a classical philosophical problem – in which concepts and schemas from contemporary physics and technology is utilised in a critique of the bi-polar hylomorphic schema as its traditional, substantialistic solution – becomes able to articulate an anti-substantialistic and anti-reductionistic ontogenesis as first philosophy. A systematic philosophical conception that according to Simondon precedes every critical investigation of the subject as well as every scientific ontology – not by establishing a pre-critical position, but by exceeding Kant's critical position: that is, through a displacement toward a conception of the transcendental conditions for the genesis of being and thought as real conditions, rather than conditions of mere possibility. A displacement that in turn appears to respond to the question that frames this basic account of important concepts and schemas in Simondon, namely: in what sense and to what extent is it necessary for philosophical thought to be thought and developed in relation to other forms of thought?
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Beaubois, Vincent. "La zone obscure du design : une pensée des pratiques de conception (d')après Gilbert Simondon." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100008.
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Cette thèse poursuit un double objectif. D’une part, montrer l’apport que constitue la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon à une compréhension renouvelée du design et des problématiques contemporaines qui l’habitent. D’autre part, renverser l’image communément attribuée au design : alors que celui-ci se présente majoritairement comme une force de résolution de problèmes, d’innovation et de progrès, l’anthropotechnologie déployée par Simondon interroge cette prétention démiurgique. La première partie de ce travail s’intéresse aux conditions historiques de ce dialogue entre la philosophie simondonienne et la pensée du design des années 1950. La deuxième partie problématise la pensée contemporaine du design : en centrant son activité sur la figure de l’« usager », celle-ci évacue la question de la matérialité de notre environnement et des relations écologiques que nous tissons avec elle. La pensée de Simondon ouvre, au contraire, la voie d’une « rematérialisation » de la pensée design. La troisième partie nous immerge dans le monde spécifique des pratiques de conception dans le but d’informer la logique propre au geste de design en train de se faire. Il s’agit alors de penser le design à partir de ce qu’il produit littéralement : non pas des biens de consommation, ni des services améliorant la qualité de vie des « usagers », mais une multitude de diagrammes, prototypes et maquettes donnant forme à un problème de conception. En suivant les pratiques de conception de ce point de vue endogène, il s’agit de rendre compte des conséquences politiques d’une telle opération. Le design se définit alors comme un lieu fragile d’exploration, d’expérimentation et d’invention de problématiques présentes ralentissant toute promesse de progrès futursThis thesis has a twofold objective. On the one hand, to examine the contribution of Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy to a renewed understanding of design and to the contemporary issues that inhabit it (relation to the user, to ecology). On the other hand, to invert the image commonly attributed to design: while this one presents itself mainly as a force for solving problems, innovation and progress, the anthropo-technology deployed by Gilbert Simondon questions this demiurgic claim. The first part of this work focuses on the historical conditions of this dialogue between the Simondonian philosophy and the thought of design in the 1950s. The second part problematizes the contemporary thinking of design: by focusing its activity on the figure of the “user”, it evacuates the question of our environment materiality and the ecological relations that we forge with it. Then, the thought of Simondon opens the way to a “rematerialization” of design thinking. The third part immerses us in the specific world of design practices to trace the logic of design in the making. It is then a question of thinking design from what it produces literally: not consumer goods, nor services improving the quality of life of “users”, but a multitude of diagrams, prototypes and models giving shape to a design problem. Thus, design first produces “designing” objects — questioning our ways of dwelling the world — before populating the world with “designed” objects. By following the design practices from this endogenous point of view, we account for the political consequences of such an operation. Design is then defined as a fragile place of exploration, experimentation and invention of current problems slowing down any promise of future progress
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Cabral, Caio César. "A teoria da individuação de Gilbert Simondon: os modos físico e biológico de individuação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-14082017-130615/.
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Nosso objetivo é expor e avaliar as concepções filosóficas contidas na teoria da individuação de Gilbert Simondon, considerada especificamente em seus aspectos físico e biológico. Começaremos apresentando as concepções ontológicas básicas do autor acerca da natureza do processo de individuação; mostraremos, em seguida, alguns aspectos específicos do ambiente filosófico francês aos quais o pensamento de Simondon será articulado, o que nos permitirá captar as influências que incidem sobre o modo como o autor pensa a questão da individuação. Em nosso percurso, o foco central será averiguar e esclarecer os sentidos que possuem os conceitos de forma, informação e transdução na teoria da individuação de Simondon. Estes sentidos aparecerão, já na individuação física, em três momentos: (1) com a reconstrução do diálogo crítico que Simondon realiza com o hilemorfismo aristotélico, (2) com a exposição das razões que levam o autor a eleger a cristalização como paradigma do processo de individuação e (3) com o exame que faz dos estudos da física quântica relacionados à partícula. Os conceitos citados terão, por fim, seus papeis evidenciados na análise a que Simondon submete a individuação biológica.Our purpose is to expose and evaluate the philosophical conceptions contained in the theory of individuation of Gilbert Simondon, considered specifically in its physical and biological aspects. We begin by presenting the author\'s basic ontological conceptions about the nature of the process of individuation; then we will show some specific aspects of the french philosophical environment to which Simondon\'s thought will be articulated, which will allow us to capture the influences that affect the way the author thinks the question of individuation. In our course, the central focus will be to ascertain and clarify the meanings that have the concepts of form, information and transduction in Simondon\'s theory of individuation. These senses will appear, in physical individuation, in three moments: (1) with the reconstruction of the critical dialogue that Simondon performs with the Aristotelian hilemorfism, (2) with the exposition of the reasons that lead the author to elect the crystallization as paradigm of the process of individuation and (3) by examining quantum physics studies related to the particle. The concepts cited will have, finally, their roles evidenced in the analysis to which Simondon submits the biological individuation.
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Morizot, Baptiste. "Hasard et individuation. Penser la rencontre comme invention à la lumière de l'œuvre de Gilbert Simondon." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0682.
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L’objet de cette recherche revient à interroger le rôle du hasard dans le processus d’individuation tel qu’il est théorisé par Gilbert Simondon. Dans cette perspective, le hasard, élaboré à partir du concept darwinien de chance, doit être considéré comme opérateur théorique et concept explicatif d’une théorie des processus de genèse de forme individuelle, et non comme un principe métaphysique ou une mesure de l’ignorance. Il qualifie dans l’individuation la modalité de la rencontre entre la singularité, qui donne forme à l’être individuel, et le milieu métastable individuel, susceptible de transformations. Suivant cette perspective, le hasard devient un des opérateurs de l’invention des structures individuelles singulières, plurielles, et novatrices, formes de vie et manières d’exister, qui sont élaborées comme solution à des problèmes par le processus d’individuation. Cette analyse de la pensée simondonienne va permettre de mettre en place les linéaments d’une théorie de la rencontre individuante, induisant une conception particulière de l’individualité humaine, qui est susceptible d’entrer en dialogue avec les thèses de la sociologie dispositionnelle (P. Bourdieu, B. Lahire). Comme invention, l’opération d’individuation sera alors analysable à partir du concept biologique d’exaptation (S. J. Gould), qui explicite dans l’évolution l’invention de couples structuro-fonctionnels nouveaux, à partir d’un jeu entre hasard et invention vitaleThis research aims to question the role of chance in the individuation process as it was theorized by Gilbert Simondon. In this context, chance, which was drawn up based on the Darwinian concept of chance, must be considered as a theoretical operator and as an explanatory concept of the genesis of individual form, and not as a metaphysical principle or as a measure of ignorance. It characterises within the individuation the modality of the encounter between the singularity which shapes the individual being and the individual metastable environment which is capable of being transformed. From this point of view, chance turns out to be one of the invention operators of singular, individual, plural and innovative structures which are ways of existing, created as solutions to problems by the individuation process itself. This analysis of Simondon’s philosophy allows us to outline a theory of the individuating encounter leading us to think of human individuality through a specific approach which enters into dialogue with the theses of the dispositional sociology (P. Bourdieu, B. Lahire). From an invention point of view, the individuation operation can thus be analysed using the biological concept of exaptation (S. J. Gould) which makes very explicit the invention of new structure-function couples in evolution based on an articulation between chance and vital invention
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Jugnon, Alain. "Le théâtre du vivant : matière et mouvement dans la philosophie de la vie de Nietzsche et Simondon." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31005.
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A partir du couplage des categories issues de la pensee de gilbert simondon concernant la technique et la vie et du concept fondamental du nietzscheisme de volonte de puissance, cette these veut presenter, mettre en tableau et en scene, l'individuation du vivant en tant que mode et principe d'une biophilosophie qui etablit clairement sa dette envers une pensee du theatre et de l'espace. Il s'agit alors, en etudiant successivement theatre des matieres, theatre des geneses et theatre des vivants, de conduire un questionnement de la vie en tant que telle, comme plan d'immanence, et du vivant-homme, comme "personnage conceptuel"; ce questionnement s'articulant selon un double point de vue : ontobiologique (etre et vie) et ontogenetique (etre et devenir). Un theatre du vivant s'instaure ainsi qui, de tableau de la vie en tableau de la vie, definit topologiquement et genealogiquement les conditions d'elaboration d'un materialisme genetique, ente point par point sur les philosophies de la vie de nietzsche et simondon. C'est essentiellement la pensee de gilles deleuze qui, fondant puis etayant le lien, permet, tout au long de cette these, de valider philosophiquement la "ligne de fuite" conceptuelle combinant approche simondonienne du reel et vision nietzscheenne du monde.
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Lefebvre, Anne. "De la pensée de l'image à l'image de la pensée : la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon A la lumière du problème de l'invention." Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30044.
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Cette thèse veut montrer que le problème de l'invention recouvre un enjeu ontologique parfaitement général dans la philosophie de Simondon, quand bien même ce dernier a développé une riche réflexion sur les techniques. Le concept d'invention ne peut être réduit à un concept technologique ; il ne suffit pas de considérer son élargissement au lieu d'une psychologie qui aborderait l'invention dans la pensée sous le seul aspect de l'imagination. ; il serait inapproprié de la faire servir une anthropologie. Quand la notion d'invention est un motif omniprésent dans les deux thèses que Simondon a rédigées en 1958 (L'individuation à a lumière des notions de forme et d'information/Du mode d'existence des objets techniques), seule la théorie du devenir de l'image développée dans le cours Imagination et invention (1965) articule le concept d'invention, et permet de saisir les enjeux pleins et entiers que recouvre ce problème. On doit donc partir de cette théorie qui défait de manière inédite le dualisme de l'âme et du corps, en faisant de l'image, non plus le produit des facultés psychiques, mais ce qui autorise le déphasage de l'activité vitale en activités psychique et somatique. Elle fait de l'acte d'invention la clef du devenir d'une même activité problématique du vivant, en lequel le devenir de la pensée est impliqué. Il est nécesaire alors de procéder à l'éclairage rétrospectif du motif de l'invention dans les deux thèses, indice d'un problème subsistant à leur horizon, et de construire le manifeste rétroactif de la philosophie de Simondon comme philosophie de l'invention, l'acte d'invention constituant le mode de construction problématique même de la pensée philosophiqueThis thesis intends to show thet the problem of invention has a generalised ontological stake in Simondon's philosophy, within and beyond his rich reflection on technology. The concept of invention cannot be reduced to a technological concept ; its generalisation, in lieu of a psychology that would approach invention in thought, dealing with it within imagination, does not suffice ; it is inappropriate to make this concept subservient to an anthropological approach. While the notion of invention is an omnipresent motif in Simondon's two 1958 thesis (L'individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d'information/Du mode d'existence des objets technqiues), it is only the theory of the becoming of the image, developed in Imagination et invention (1965) that presents us with a concept of invention, enabling us to grasp the full measure of the stakes inherent in this problem. We thus need to begin from this theory, which proceeds to radically undo the body/soul dualism, resulting in a view of the image, not as product of the psychic faculties, but as that which enables us to think the "déphasage" of vital activity into psychic and somatic activities. This theory makes the act of the invention the key of the problematical becoming of one self-same vital activity, in which the becoming of thought is implicated. This insight obliges us to throw a retrospective light on the motif of invention as it appears in the two thesis, as an index, as an index of a problem that subsists on their horizon, and to construct a retroactive manifesto of Simondon's philosophy, in which the act of invention constitutes the problematical mode of construction of thought itself
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Alombert, Anne. "Simondon et Derrida face aux questions de l'homme et de la technique : ontogenèse et grammatologie dans le moment philosophique des années 1960." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2020/2020PA100085/2020PA100085.pdf.
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La thèse poursuit deux objectifs principaux. D’abord, confronter les projets d'ontogenèse et de grammatologie respectivement proposés par G. Simondon en 1958 et J. Derrida en 1967 en les resituant dans leur contexte historico-théorique et en explicitant leurs enjeux épistémologiques (il s’agit dans les deux cas d'"excéder" les présupposés métaphysiques de la tradition philosophique occidentale et d’inventer une nouvelle relation entre discours philosophique et savoirs positifs). Puis, évaluer les conséquences théoriques de ces deux gestes concernant les questions philosophiques de l’homme et de la technique (il s'agit dans les deux cas de rompre avec une conception « humaniste » de l'homme et « instrumentale » de la technique, et de repenser la relation entre vie, technique et esprit). Il s’agit enfin de confronter ces pensées au contexte technique actuel et d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour penser les enjeux anthropologiques et sociaux des transformations technologiques contemporainesThe aim of this work is twofold. First, we focus on the projects of ontogenesis and grammatology, formulated by G. Simondon in 1958 and by J. Derrida in 1967, we situate them in their theoretical context and we evaluate their metaphysical and epistemological stakes (we try to show that a new way of thinking is appearing, after the end of Western metaphysics) ;Secondly, we focus on the theoretical consequences of Simondon’s and Derrida’s thought, particularly on the questions of human and technics (we try to show that they both open a way beyond humanism and reductionism by rethinking the links between life, technics and mind or spirit). We finally try to revive Simondon’s and Derrida’s reflections in the contemporary technical context, in order to open new perspectives on the anthropological and social consequences of the current digital transformations
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Velloso, José Henrique Padovani 1981. "Música e técnica : reflexão conceitual, mecanologia e criação musical." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284497.
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Orientador: Silvio Ferraz Mello FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho é discutir a questão das técnicas nos processos criativos relacionados a práticas musicais e sonoras ao (1) realizar uma investigação reflexiva/conceitual; (2) ao realizar uma abordagem mecanológica de determinadas técnicas musicais/sonoras; e (3) ao apresentar trabalhos de criação realizados durante o doutorado. Essas três abordagens são apresentadas, respectivamente, nas três partes do trabalho - consideravelmente independentes entre si. A primeira apresenta criticamente diferentes apreensões sobre a técnica. A um fatalismo identificado, apesar de suas particularidades, no pensamento de Heidegger, Benjamin e Adorno é contraposto o pensamento de Gilbert Simondon. Recusando o hilemorfismo (que segrega forma e material), Simondon compreende a técnica como um artefato cultural que preserva em seu dinamismo gestos e pensamentos humanos. Ao ser aproximada dos processos criativos na música, tal perspectiva permite entrever uma relação menos conflituosa entre técnica e criação musical, compreendendo-se então a interação com as técnicas nesses contextos não mais a partir de um viés meramente utilitário ou instrumental, mas, antes, como um processo transdutivo de acoplagem entre expressões, gestos e pensamentos que emanam tanto do homem quanto da sua sedimentação no dinamismo dos mecanismos técnicos. Na segunda parte do trabalho é empreendida, a partir da exposição de determinadas técnicas e de suas utilizações em contextos musicais, uma mecanologia das técnicas musicais e sonoras e de práticas a elas relacionadas. Tal abordagem é realizada a partir do estudo de determinados objetos e mecanismos técnicos e a partir de uma interpretação das implicações dessas invenções em desenvolvimentos técnicos subsequentes assim como de sua apropriação e reinvenção em processos criativos específicos. A terceira parte do trabalho apresenta brevemente as composições realizadas durante o doutorado, cujas partituras foram incluídas aos apêndices do trabalho
Abstract: The thesis objective is to discuss the matter of technology in creative processes related to sound and musical practices by (1) undertaking a conceptual/theoretical inquiry; (2) by undertaking a mecanological approach of certain musical/sound technologies; (3) by presenting creative works produced during the doctorate studies. These three approaches are presented, respectively, in the three parts of the work - which are significantly independent from each other. The first section critically exposes different theoretical understandings of technology. Gilbert Simondon's outlook is counterposed to a sort of fatalism that may be perceived in the theoretical thought of Heidegger, Benjamin and Adorno, despite the very specific features of these philosophers' ideas. By refusing an hylomorphism (that segregates form and material), Simondon conceives technical things as a cultural artifacts which retain in their dynamism human gestures and thoughts. By relating these ideas to music and its creative processes, such a perspective allows us to glimpse a less quarrelsome relation between technology and musical creation, what allows us to understand the integration of technical things in these contexts not by an utilitarian and instrumental approach but rather as a transductive process of coupling between human expressions, gestures and thoughts and their sedimentation in the dynamic mechanisms of technical things. By exposing certain technologies and their use in musical contexts, the second part of the thesis enterprises what is here called a mecanology of musical/sound techniques and related practices. Such exposition comprises the study of certain technical mechanisms and an interpretation of such inventions including their subsequent technical developments as well as their appropriation and reinvention in specific creative processes. The third part of the work presents briefly compositions that were written during the doctorate studies. The scores of these compositions were included in the thesis' appendices
Doutorado
Processos Criativos
Doutor em Música
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Bonatout, Hubac Michèle. "Le jojoba : biologie et utilisations." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114244.
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Lefrancq, Stéphane. "De la comptabilité en action à une théorie de l’action comptable : l’apport de l’analyse locale d’un processus de changement comptable." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090023.
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La mise en œuvre d’une démarche d’observation participante, dans l’esprit des prescriptions de la théorie socio-organisationnelle et du programme de recherche proposé par Hopwood, conduit à mettre en évidence le rôle central des outils de gestion, et du système informatique en particulier, dans le déroulement de processus de changement comptable. Afin de comprendre cette relation, il a été nécessaire de disposer d’une lecture de la structure de fonctionnement des objets de gestion supports de la production comptable, en liant le concept de comptabilité en action proposé par Hopwood à la philosophie de l’objet technique chez Simondon. Un lien peut être alors tissé entre la structure intime du processus comptable et de son changement et celle du système au travers duquel il intervient. L’attention portée à l’élaboration de la comptabilité, et non à celle-ci en tant que produit fini, permet au total de comprendre le changement comme consubstantiel aux modalités d’advection existentielle de la comptabilité, permettant l’ébauche d’une théorie de l’action comptableBeing immersed in the accounting process in accordance with the methodological requirements expressed by Hopwood allowed us to underline the pivotal role of the information system in three different operational accounting contexts. A link can be drawn between the concept of accounting in action introduced by Hopwood and the philosophical works of Simondon regarding the technical artefacts. A relationship can be proposed between the inner structure of the information system and the many ways the accounting processes are changing. Accordingly, it opens the possibility to an understanding of the accounting change in its diversity
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FARIA, José Neto de. "As categorias filosóficas de Gilbert Simondon e suas relações com o objeto técnico do campo de saber do design." Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, 2017. http://sitios.anhembi.br/tedesimplificado/handle/TEDE/1707.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This thesis tried to investigate and study the cycles of design reorganization with respect to the programs of the main design education institutions to delimit both the thinking that constitutes the cultural object and the very field of design knowledge using the philosophical categories of Gilbert Simondon. In other words the main objective of this research was to deal with the cultural object of the design field aided by the philosophical categories of Gilbert Simondon to reconstruct the forms of analysis and the understanding models needed to describe the operations and the functions of the supra-structural components of "information systems" as design cultural objects. The methodology sought to provoke the rise of different sets of explanations in order to stimulate processes of differentiation, integration and dedifferentiation capable of elucidating both the dynamic nature of the design knowledge and the renewal dynamics of the design cultural object. The thesis relevance is precisely based on the importance of characterizing and understanding the proper space and time of the becoming of design, seeking to foresee what has previously been announced in the symptoms emitted as signals by the system. It also tries to break with the reading logic of "information systems", which are based on the understanding of the aesthetic qualities of its parts rather than on the supra-structures that articulate and integrate the object constitution. However, the first impression is that the field of design is a passing territory, which reorganizes itself as the caravans pass by, so it should not be surprising that the field of design knowledge is always described through other fields of the knowledge. The focus on the surface of what is visible can not reveal the supra- structure that sustains the skin of the design object.
A presente tese buscou pesquisar e estudar os ciclos de reorganização do design em função dos currículos das principais instituições de ensino do design com o intuito de delimitar o pensamento que constitui tanto o objeto cultural quanto o próprio campo de saber do design através das categorias filosóficas de Gilbert Simondon. Assim, a pesquisa tem como principal objetivo abordar o objeto cultural do campo do design com o auxílio das categorias filosóficas de Gilbert Simondon, a fim de reconstruir as formas de análise e os modelos de compreensão necessários à descrição das operações e das funções das supraestruturas constituintes dos sistemas de informação enquanto objeto cultural do design. A metodologia buscou provocar o surgimento de conjuntos de explicações concorrentes a fim de que pudesse ser instigado o surgimento de processos de diferenciação, de integração e de desdiferenciação capazes de induzir elucidações tanto sobre a constituição dinâmica do campo de saber do design quanto da dinâmica de renovação do objeto cultural do design. A tese tem a sua relevância baseada justamente na importância de se caracterizar e compreender o espaço e o tempo próprios do devir do design, buscando antever aquilo que previamente se anuncia nos sintomas emitidos como formas de sinais pelo sistema, por tentar romper com a lógica de leitura dos sistemas de informação baseada na compreensão mais das qualidades estéticas de suas partes do que propriamente das supraestruturas articuladoras e integradoras de constituição do objeto. No entanto, a primeira impressão é de que o campo do design é um território de passagem, que conforme as caravanas passam, se reorganiza, por isso não se deve estranhar que o campo de saber do design seja sempre descrito a partir de outros campos do conhecimento. O foco na superfície do que se vê não pode revelar a supraestrutura que sustenta a pele do objeto do design.
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Ujeda, Louis. "Etude philosophique de la biologie de synthèse : pour une analyse de la complexité des biotechnologies en société." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0040/document.
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La biologie de synthèse (BS) est une discipline scientifique qui se propose d'être à la biologie ce que la chimie synthétique est à la chimie analytique. La BS adopte des approches de l'ingénierie et vise à élaborer des systèmes biologiques fonctionnels réalisant des tâches techniques. Elle peut donc être qualifiée de technoscience, au sens où la technique est pour elle un débouché de ses recherches mais également une condition de ses découvertes. La BS ne se laisse cependant pas réduire à sa dimension intentionnelle. Elle est une discipline complexe, tant quant à son épistémologie qu'à son ontologie. Son inscription dans la société n'est pas moins complexe : les technosciences mettent toujours en jeu un grand nombre de dimensions de notre existence collective. Les enjeux éthiques de la BS sont donc majeurs, mais les crispations autour des nouvelles technologies rendent les débats difficiles, les positions se radicalisant entre utopies technophiles et dystopies technophobes.L'objectif de cette étude est de clarifier le contexte éthique, sans le simplifier, et d'apporter des éléments d'analyse des problèmes éthiques de la BS par-delà le simplisme rhétorique et le futurisme,qui minent les débats autour de cette technoscience. Il s'agit donc de se confronter à la complexité de la BS, de sa définition à son épistémologie et son ontologie, en passant par ses dimensions sociales et par le statut des êtres qu'elle produit. Les théories de W.V.O. Quine permettent d'éclairer les aspects épistémologiques et leurs conséquences ontologiques ; la philosophie des processus et des relations de Gilbert Simondon permet quant à elle de décrire la complexité des modes d'existence des êtres biosynthétiques entre contraintes techniques et devenir biologiqueSynthetic biology (SB) is a scientific field that aims at being to biology what syntheticchemistry is to analytic chemistry. SB adopts engineering approaches in order to develop functionalbiological systems carrying out technical tasks. It can thus be described as a technoscience, in the sensethat technic is both an outlet for its research and a material condition for its discoveries.However, SB does not let itself be reduced to that intentional dimension. It is a complexdiscipline, considering both its epistemology and its ontology. How SB is inscribed in society is notless complex: technosciences always involve several dimensions of our collective existence. SB's ethicalissues are thus crucial, but tensions about new technologies make the debates difficult, the positionsbeing often split between technophilic utopias and technophobic dystopias.The objective of this study is to clarify the ethical context without simplifying it, and to giveelements of analysis of the ethical problems in SB beyond the rhetorical simplism and the futurismthat undermine the debates about SB. SB's complexity must thus be confronted, from its definition toits epistemology and ontology, and through its social dimensions as well as the status of the beings itproduces. The theories of W.V.O. Quine enable the understanding of the epistemological aspects andtheir ontological consequences; the process and relations philosophy of Gilbert Simondon enables thedescription of the modes of existence of biosynthetic beings caught between their technical constraintsand their biological development
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González, Mérida Luis. "La axiomatización de la ontogénesis en la filosofía de la individuación de Gilbert Simondon: un esbozo de teoría de los campos morfogenéticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671128.
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El problema de la unitat temàtica en l’obra de Gilbert Simondon és una de les qüestions més discutides en la literatura sobre l’autor. La hipòtesi de lectura que planteja la present tesi oferiria, per primera vegada, una solució veritablement satisfactòria a aquest problema. Es recupera la unitat programàtica dels textos, el programa de l’axiomatització de la ontogènesi, i partint de la imatge que conté l’esquema del modulador, el paradigma elemental de la filosofía de la individuació, s’elabora una noció paradigmàtica que permet interpretar aquesta unitat en comunicació amb la unitat anterior en una unitat de gènesi, la gènesi d’aquesta axiomatització com l’esbós d’una teoria dels camps morfogenètics. La pròpia elucidació de la noció de relació, entesa com a interfície, obre aquesta via. Com a resultat d’aquesta recerca, amb la invenció d’un acte enciclopèdic que conjugaria les diferents modalitats del pensament, es posa a punt una màquina d’aprenentatge. La filosofia de Simondon es convertirà llavors en una tecnologia epistemològica, una raó filosòfica abocada a la cerca de nous paradigmes, i també en una metafilosofia, quan esdevé filosofia de la història de la filosofia. Es rehabilita així un pensament ucrònic, retrofuturista, creant les condiciones per a un simondonisme que sigui tan contemporani como és extemporani.El problema de la unidad temática en la obra de Gilbert Simondon es una de las cuestiones más discutidas en la literatura sobre el autor. La hipótesis de lectura que plantea la presente tesis ofrecería, por primera vez, una solución verdaderamente satisfactoria a este problema. Se recupera la unidad programática de los textos, el programa de la axiomatización de la ontogénesis, y partiendo de la imagen que encierra el esquema del modulador, el paradigma elemental de la filosofía de la individuación, se elabora una noción paradigmática que permite interpretar esta unidad en comunicación con la unidad anterior en una unidad de génesis, la génesis de esa axiomatización como el esbozo de una teoría de los campos morfogenéticos. La propia elucidación de la noción de relación, entendida como interfaz, abre esta vía. Como resultado de esta investigación, con la invención de un acto enciclopédico que conjugaría los diferentes modos del pensamiento, se pone a punto una máquina de aprendizaje. La filosofía de Simondon se convertirá entonces en una tecnología epistemológica, una razón filosófica abocada a la búsqueda de nuevos paradigmas, y también en una metafilosofía, en cuanto deviene filosofía de la historia de la filosofía. Se rehabilita así un pensamiento ucrónico, retrofuturista, creando las condiciones para un simondonismo que sea tan contemporáneo como es extemporáneo.
The problem of thematic unity in the works of Gilbert Simondon is one of the most discussed topics in the literature about the author. The hypothesis proposed in this doctoral thesis would offer a truly satisfactory solution to the problem, for the first time. The programmatic unit of the texts, i.e. the program of the axiomatization of ontogenesis of ontogenesis, is recovered, and starting from the image contained in the modulator's scheme, i.e. the elementary paradigm of the philosophy of individuation, a paradigmatic notion is developed, a notion that allows us to interpret this programmatic unit in communication with the thematic one, both merged together in a genetic unity, the genetic unity of the axiomatization of ontogenesis as an outline of a theory of morphogenetic fields. The clarification of the notion of relation, which is understood as interface, opens this path. As a result of this research, through the invention of an encyclopedic act that reconciles the different modes of thought, a learning machine is set up. The philosophy of Simondon will become then an epistemological technology, a philosophical reason in search of new paradigms, and also a meta-philosophy, a philosophy of the history of philosophy. Thus, an uchronic thought, a retrofuturistic thought, is restored, creating the conditions for a simondonism which is as contemporary as it is untimely.
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Santos, Maria Elisabete Pereira dos. "A cidade do Salvador e as aguas." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279908.
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Orientador: Arlete Moyses RodriguesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituo de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Doutorado
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Jarymowycz, Roman Johann. "The quest for operational maneuver in the Normandy campaign, Simonds and Montgomery attempt the armoured breakout." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44465.pdf.
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Jarymowycz, Roman J. "The quest for operational maneuver in the Normandy campaign : Simonds and Montgomery attempt the armoured breakout." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34742.
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Mechanization signaled the end of the cavalry but the renaissance of heavy cavalry doctrine. The tank heralded the return of breakthrough operations and maneuver warfare. Initially, the western cavalries refused doctrinal revision and chose instead to fight bitter rear guard actions against Fullerist zealots.The Canadian Cavalry, prompted by Blitzkrieg's triumphs, effortlessly evolved into a tank force---virtually overnight. Canadian doctrine, however, was ersatz. Denied its own vast training areas, the RCAC was sandwiched into southern England and saddled with British warfighting techniques developed in the Western Desert. In Normandy, Canadian operational art was driven by Generals Simonds and Crerar, both gunners, who had neither the skill nor experience to conduct armoured warfare. Hampered by General Montgomery's inability to reproduce a strategic offensive comparable to that demonstrated on the Russian front, Allied armoured forces were squandered in mismanaged frontal attacks.
In the United States, the attempts to protect the horse forced a praetorian's revolt that ended with General Chaffee garroting the US Cavalry, eliminating it from future battlefields. The doctrinal dominance of the American Armored Force was subsequently threatened by a cabal under artillery General Leslie McNair who imposed the Tank Destroyer philosophy. Internecine squabbles and economic nationalism prevented America from producing a tank capable of meeting German panzers on even terms. Though failing technically, the US Armored force succeeded doctrinally via the Louisiana maneuvers and produced a balanced Armored Division. General Bradley's 12th Army Group arrived in France with a purposeful dogma that had been further refined at the Combat Command, Divisional, and Corps level in North Africa and Sicily.
American armour maneuvered during Operation Cobra but it did not fight massed panzers; this was soon redressed in Lorraine where American armoured doctrine reached tactical maturity. Canadian armour fought tank battles throughout Operations Spring, Totalize and Tractable, but it did not maneuver. American and Canadian armour's best opportunity for strategic victory occurred in Normandy. The Canadians, despite better tanks and favourable terrain, failed operationally and received no second chance.
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Gosselin, Sophie. "Le toucher du monde : les techniques du naturer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC012.
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A un moment où le projet anthropotechnique semble s'imposer à travers l'avènement du paradigme technoscientifique et l'implantation généralisée des technologies du code, l'enjeu consiste à interroger et à mettre en crise la soudure métaphysique entre anthropos et techné en repensant la question de la technique par-delà le partage entre Nature et Culture. Dans cette perspective, il ne s'agit plus de penser LA Technique comme ce qui vient s'opposer à une Nature prédonnée pour instituer le règne instrumental d'une humanité coupée du mouvement cosmique, mais au contraire des modes techniques différenciés, autant de manières d'articuler des trames d'espace et de temps, c'est-à-dire des expériences sensibles. Ces modes d'articulation ne répondent pas du pouvoir ni de la volonté de l'Homme mais s'ouvrent depuis l'écart sensible et mouvant du naturer, écart événementiel qui échappe à toute tentative de captureAt a time of the increasing dominance of anthropotechnic, with the advent of the technoscientific paradigm and the generalised introduction of digital technology, the challenge consists in questioning and disrupting the metaphysical bond between anthropos and techné by reconsidering the issue of technique beyond the division between Nature and Culture. From this perspective, the problem is no longer to see Technique in opposition to a pre-given Nature, opposition which allows the establishment of the instrumental reign of mankind cut off from the cosmic process. The question is to view different technical modes as ways to articulate weaves of space and time, that is as sensitive experiences. These modes of articulation do not depend on the power or the will of Man, but emerge from the sensitive and moving difference of 'naturing', a difference which escapes from any attempt to capture it
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Bourbonnais, Sébastien. "Sensibilités technologiques : expérimentations et explorations en architecture numérique 1987-2010." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1120/document.
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Depuis le début des années 1990, l'ordinateur a introduit de nouvelles réalités technologiques dans les pratiques architecturales. Le changement s'est opéré progressivement, aux travers de plusieurs expérimentations, qui ont entrainé l'appropriation de certains logiciels et environnements de programmation, et aussi l'élaboration de nouvelles machines de fabrication. De nombreux architectes ont d'ailleurs expérimenté ces nouvelles technologies dans l'objectif de trouver de nouveaux modes d'exploration de la forme. Ces explorations architecturales constituent un corpus d'étude riche et fécond pour rendre compte des différentes conduites et attitudes adoptées vis-à-vis des technologies numériques. En s'appuyant sur certains penseurs de la technique comme le philosophe Gilbert Simondon, cette recherche a défini des sensibilités singulières propres aux architectes, construites par étapes successives, et modifiant à chaque fois leurs approches du projet. Notre démarche transductive montre que ces sensibilités technologiques s'avèrent à la fois structurantes et structurées par les explorations architecturales. Cette évolution des sensibilités participe autant que les projets à la construction d'un imaginaire numérique, lequel est à l'origine d'inventions architecturales particulières. Ces inventions architecturales propres au numérique ne se sont pas réalisées directement, mais au travers d'une articulation technologique complexe, intégrant les différentes phases du projet-objet. L'analyse de cette chaîne de relation a permis de suivre les tensions entre les désirs architecturaux et les potentialités technologiques qui ont structuré la période étudiée. Cette énergie humaine, déployée et accumulée sur plus de vingt ans d'expérimentations et d'explorations, a finalement laissé des traces sur les différentes couches du bâtiment, révélant par là certains aboutissements du numérique en architectureSince the beginning of 90s, computers introduced new technological realities in architectural practices. Changes occurred gradually, through several phases of experimentation, and performed by tools (software) or manufacturing machines of all kinds, revealing the different ways architects appropriate technologies. Many architects seized these technological opportunities to find new ways in exploring the form. These architectural explorations constitute a rich and fruitful corpus to understand the different behaviors and attitudes towards digital technologies. Based on philosophers of technique such as Gilbert Simondon, this research defines the sensibilities specific to architects constructed in successive steps and modifying their perceptions of the project. Our transductive approach shows that these technical sensibilities happen to be structured by the architectural explorations and at the same time to structure these explorations. This evolution of sensibility participates in the construction of the architect's digital thinking, which is at the origin of some particular architectural inventions. These architectural inventions specific to digital technologies are not achieved directly, but integrating different phases of the project-object through a complex technical articulation. The analysis of this chain relationship allows monitoring the tensions between architectural desires and technical potentials, which structure the studied period. The human efforts deployed and accumulated over twenty years of experimentation and exploration have finally left their mark on different layers of the building by revealing, thus, some particular achievements of digital technologies in architecture
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Aspe, Bernard. "La pensée de l'individuation et la subjectivation politique." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/ref/167942/180250523/.
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La pensée de l'individuation, élaborée par Gilbert Simondon, ne doit pas être confondue avec la recherche du principe d'individuation, qui suppose l'individu constitué comme modèle ontologique. Pour comprendre l'existence de l'individu, il faut se placer au niveau de l'opération d'individuation, et prendre en compte une réalité préindividuelle que l'approche ontologique classique a méconnue. Ce point de vue entraîne un renouvellement du sens de l'ontologie, qui a des conséquences essentielles au niveau de la pensée des relations interindividuelles. Dans la perspective de l'individuation, les relations sont véritablement constituantes : elles ont une teneur en réalité égale à celle des termes qu'elles relient. Pour Simondon, les relations entre les êtres doivent être dites transindividuelles, au sens où elles mettent en oeuvre la réalité préindividuelle associée aux individus : une relation n'est pas une "propriété", et elle mobilise ce qui, de l'individu, ne lui appartient pas. C'est par ailleurs au niveau de la transindividualité que doit être envisagée la "pathologie mentale", et surtout, qu'elle doit être soignée. . .
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Yang, Kailin. "Le problématique du virtuel chez Gilles Deleuze." Paris 8, 2002. https://octaviana.fr/document/18140205X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Deleuze a dénommé "constructivisme" sa propre philosophie, qui consiste plus à construire qu'à critiquer, plus à créer qu'à interpréter. Ce qui est construit, au coeur de cette pensée radicale, implique finalement une virtualité ou la composition d'une virtualité. L'actuel et le virtuel (distingué rigoureusement du possible) composent la réalité comme ses deux moitiés asymétriques, dans la mesure où il s'agit d'un processus non-représentatif, involontaire, a-subjectif, impersonnel, inorganique et pré-individuel, qui ne cesse de se renouveler ou de se créer selon les différentes problématiques posées. Comment Deleuze peut-il composer une pensée virtuelle et virtualisée - non seulement une théorie du virtuel, mais une théorie elle-même virtuelle -, c'est sur cette question que se porte l'enjeu de nos recherches présentes. . .
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Combes, Muriel. "La vie inséparée : vie et sujet entre biopouvoir et politique." Paris 8, 2002. http://octaviana.fr/document/18047362X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Entre 1976 et 1979, Michel Foucault élabore la notion de " biopouvoir ", indiquant le moment où, autour du XVIIIe siècle, la vie - celle des individus et celle des populations - entre comme telle dans les mécanismes du pouvoir et devient un enjeu essentiel pour la politique. Au début des années 80, les recherches de Foucault semblent bifurquer vers un questionnement portant sur l'éthique. Plutôt qu'une rupture, on peut voir apparaître là un quadrilatère conceptuel fondamental articulant la vérité, le pouvoir, le sujet et la vie. Parmi ces concepts, celui de vie est celui qui a le moins retenu Foucault. Pour l'élaborer, nous empruntons ici deux voies : une reprise positive du questionnement ontologique, pour éclairer la relation entre vie et subjectivité ; une explicitation de la fonction des sciences dans le biopouvoir, nécessitant une critique de l'épistémologie. La visée est de questionner les modes d'inscription de la vie dans la politique. Le postulat chaque fois en jeu est que la vie ne peut jamais être conçue séparément de la subjectivitéBetween 1976 and 1979, Michel Foucault elaborates the concept of "biopower", which indicates the moment when, around the 18th century, life itself - the individuals and the populations - becomes part of the mechanisms of power and an essential stake in politics. At the beginning of the eighties, Foucault's work seems to branch out into a reflection about ethics. Rather than a rupture, one can see appearing a fundamental quadrilateral of concepts, which joins together truth, power, subject and life. Among those concepts, the one which has interested Foucault least is the one of life. In order to elaborate it, we've taken here two ways: a renewal of an ontological mode of thought, in order to clarify the relationship between life and subjectivity and an explanation of the function of sciences in biopower necessitating a critique of epistemology. Our aim is to question the involvement of life in politics. In each case, the assumption in play is that life cannot be conceived separately from subjectivity
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Cruz, Cristiano Cordeiro. "Tecnologia social: fundamentações, desafios, urgência e legitimidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-30012018-185023/.
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Este trabalho versa sobre a tecnologia, atendo-se de modo particular, mas não exclusivo, a isso que no Brasil se chama de tecnologia social (TS). A tese que se buscará defender aqui é múltipla. Em primeiro lugar, ontológica e politicamente, sustentar-se-á que a tecnologia social é uma implementação não apenas tecnicamente legítima e autêntica, como social e ambientalmente urgente. Contudo, para que tal tipo de solução seja passível de ser desenvolvida, é necessário, de uma parte, que se desenvolvam conhecimentos científicos e engenheiris apropriados. Com isso, o segundo argumento, epistemológico, é que esses conhecimentos são passíveis de ser produzidos e que os mecanismos que podem tornar tal coisa possível não subvertem o ethos próprio da ciência ou da engenharia. De outra parte, TS e engenharia popular demandam também um perfil profissional específico, o do engenheiro educador (ou engenheiro popular). Essa é a terceira dimensão da tese que defendemos. Por fim, ontológica e existencialmente, proporemos que o caminho para superar o desencantamento substantivo do mundo (Weber), a entificação do Ser (em seu desvelamento tecnológico no qual nos encontramos presos, via enquadramento Heidegger), a ditadura da racionalidade instrumental (Horkheimer & Adorno) ou a autoprodução e o automatismo do desenvolvimento tecnológico (que nos aprisiona ou agencia quase que inapelavelmente Ellul) pode emergir precisamente de algo como a tecnologia social, por meio da incorporação dos valores e saberes populares à construção da realidade sociotécnica que decidimos nos dar. Esse quarto aspecto, nesses termos, reforça o primeiro, trazendo novos elementos para subsidiar-se o entendimento acerca da urgência, em nossos dias, de uma solução técnica como a tecnologia social.This work discusses technology, giving special attention to this that is called social technology (ST) in Brazil. The thesis that is substantiated here is multiple. First, ontologically and politically, it will be argued that social technology is not only technically legitimate and authentic, but also socially and environmentally urgent. However, in order to be implementable, ST demands, on the one hand, specific engineering and scientific knowledge to be advanced. Thus, the second dimension of our thesis, epistemological, sustains the understanding that such knowledge can be produced and the mechanisms required to make such production possible do not corrupt the scientific or engineering ethos. On the other hand, ST and popular engineering also demand a specific professional profile, the educator engineer (or popular engineer). This is the third dimension of the argument we defend here. Finally, ontologically and existentially, it will be suggested that a way to overcome the substantial disenchantment of the world (Weber), the entification of Being (in its technological unveiling in which we found ourselves trapped, via enframing Heidegger), the dictatorship of instrumental rationality (Horkheimer and Adorno) or the self-production and automatism of technological development (Ellul) may precisely emerge from something like social technology. This would be so by dint of the incorporation of popular values and knowledge to the construction of the sociotechnical reality we decide to build. This fourth aspect, then, strengthens the first one, offering new supporting elements to the urgency claim associated with the development of ST in our days.
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Cazes, Denis Raymond Robert. "Le corps agrandi : enjeux anthropologiques de la philosophie biologique française de la technique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30012.
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La philosophie biologique de la technique s'est progressivement constituée depuis un débat d'idées à la fois tributaire des questions du XIXe siècle et d'un fonds philosophique antique. Il en émerge une thèse sur l'action qui fait l'homme civilisé ainsi que sur les sources et attributs de sa mainmise sur le monde à travers les progrès de la technique et l'effet d'agrandissement qui peut en résulter pour le corps individuel et collectif. C'était un programme revendicatif, car il défendait le principe d'une nouvelle pratique de la philosophie et s'installait en position de juge et de substitut de la religion. Contre de tels enjeux, où se croisent originairement des influences allemandes, anglaises et françaises, la philosophie de la technique est entrée en résistance, au risque de perdre de vue plusieurs choses : le sens de sa légitimité philosophique naturelle ; celui de sa vocation à l'interdisciplinarité ; l'accès à un objet latent en elle, le champ définitionnel de l'homme et la question de l'image. reconnaître ce qu'elle est à partir de ce qu'elle fut, demande à la philosophie de la technique : un effort de remise à plat de l'étude des sources dont elle s'est officiellement dotée ; l'élargissement du cercle des autorités ; de se détourner du concordisme ; de résister par l'analyse au préjugé défavorable dont l'accable la critique du naturalisme. C'est à ce prix qu'elle pourra restaurer en elle le sens d'une transition qui devait l'éloigner sans rupture d'un évolutionnisme trop prégnant, tout en préservant son intérêt pour la question de l'homme. En France, une telle mutation se dessine à travers le triangle d'auteurs Bergson, Simondon, Leroi-GourhanBiological philosophy of technics progressively developped rom a debate of ideas depending both on the 19th century's issues and on antique philosophical information holdings. What emerges is a thesis about actions that make a civilized man and about the origins and attributes of his control over the world through technical progress and the magnifying effect that arises as a result for individual or collective systems. it was a ground-breaking program as it was in favour of the principle of a new practice of philosophy and it portayed itself as a judge and a substitute for religion. The philosophy of technics started resisting such challenges which, originally were under German, English and French influence. By doing so it risked losing sight of several aspects : the meaning of its natural philosophical legitimity, that of its vocation for interdisciplinarity, the access to a latent potential inside it, Man's definitional field and the subject of image. Recognizing what the philosophy of technics is from what it used to be requires some conditions : an effort to clarify the study of its official sources, an enlargement of the circle of competent authorities, turning away from concordism, resisting, through analysis, the negative bias poured out over it by the criticism of naturalism. This is the cost at which the philosophy of technics will be able to retsore, in its bosom, a sense of a transition that should move it away, but not cut it from, a too prevalent evolutionism, as well as it should keep its interest for the subject of Man. In France, such a mutation can be observed in a trio of authors : Bergson, Simondon and Leroi-Gourhan
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Dimitriadi, Lida. "Du flexible au transformable : ruptures et transitions de l'évolution technologique dans la conception architecturale." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010601.
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LA RECHERCHE TRAITE LA QUESTION DE LA POSSIBILITE DE CHANGEMENT PRECONçU DE LA FORME EN ARCHITECTURE EN DISTINGUANT DEUX CATEGORIES, LE FLEXIBLE ET LE TRANSFORMABLE, SELON LE PARADIGME TECHNOLOGIQUE AUQUEL CHACUNE CORRESPOND. L'ANALYSE DU FLEXIBLE CONCERNE DES PROJETS DE L'ENTRE-DEUX-GUERRES (LE CORBUSIER, W. GROPIUS, G. RIETVELD, J. PROUVE) ET SURTOUT DE L'APRES-GUERRE (TEAM X, Y. FRIEDMAN, Y. CHANEAC, T. ZENETOS) DANS LE CADRE DU FONCTIONNALISME ET DE L'INDUSTRIALISATION. LA RECHERCHE ETUDIE ENSUITE DES PROJETS QUI REINVENTENT LA FLEXIBILITE (LABFAC) OU QUI OPERE NT LE PASSAGE VERS L'ELECTRONIQUE, PUIS LE NUMERIQUE (c. PRICE, J. FRAZER, K. OOSTERHUIS, DECOI, ACTAR). LA RECHERCHE, QUI ESSAIE D'APPORTER A LA REFLEXION ARCHITECTURALE DES ELEMENTS DE LA PHILOSOPHIE DE LA TECHNIQUE, NOTAMME-NT CELLE DE G. SIMONDON, REPOSE LA QUESTION ESTHETIQUE ET ESSAIE D'ECLAIRER LA SIGNIFICATION DES MUTATIONS TECHNOLOGIQUES ACTUELLES EN ARCHITECTURE ET DE REPERER LES RUPTURES ET LES CONTINUITES.
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Reigeluth, Tyler. "Comporter la norme. La normativité de l’apprentissage algorithmique à partir du problème du comportement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/264090.
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Cette recherche se donne comme défi de retracer les enjeux normatifs liés au développement du sous-domaine de l’intelligence artificielle appelé machine learning. Bien que celui-ci connaisse un impressionnant regain d’intérêt depuis le début du XXIe siècle, et ce à travers un nombre croissant d’activités sociales, son émergence remonte au moins à la première moitié du XXe siècle. En effet, l’idée de concevoir des machines capables de modéliser l’apprentissage organique est largement concomitante au projet cybernétique de fonder une science du contrôle et de la communication. A force de modéliser l’apprentissage, il devient progressivement possible d’envisager à partir des années 1940 et 50 que les machines elles-mêmes seraient capables d’apprendre. C’est par l’observation des comportements des machines qu’une formalisation algorithmique de l’apprentissage s’impose. A partir de cette mise en scène, nous chercherons à montrer en quoi l’apprentissage algorithmique n’est pas nécessairement une question d’automatisation de l’apprentissage et que le comportement permet, au contraire, de problématiser la normativité des algorithmes apprenants en ce qu’ils participent activement à certaines activités sociales (travail, enseignement, guerre, etc.). Il s’agira, à partir des philosophies de Georges Canguilhem et Gilbert Simondon, de montrer en quoi les effets normatifs induits par l’apprentissage algorithmique, comme mode de gouvernement au sein d’activités sociales données, peuvent se comprendre à l’aune du concept de "répertoire de comportements potentiels".Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Roy, Philippe. "Gestes et diagrammes politiques." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084022.
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Nous proposons une conception du geste qui rend compte de certaines dimensions de la politique, impensée autrement. Une pensée politique qui met l'accent sur le sens (sur la manière d'être) et moins sur les idées ou vérités politiques, en quoi elle engage une certaine pensée par les corps, pouvant être inconsciente, une pensée diagrammatique. Le diagramme étant à la fois ce qui préside à l'effectuation des gestes (et leur perception) et ce qui en permet la pensée (il y a donc des gestes en pensée). Si bien qu'il a fallu s'intéresser à des gestes collectifs et montrer que le geste peut remplacer la vieille catégorie du pouvoir. D'où l'établissement d'une typologie des gestes politiques, tels ceux liés à la verticalité (domination, gouvernementalité, souveraineté populaire), ceux de relations intergestuelles ou même discursifs, allant jusqu'à la caractérisation de gestes politiques émancipateurs. Cette émancipation par les gestes est celle d'une volition des gestes pour les gestes, relevant de leur impersonnalité, d'une "Naturphilosophie" gestuelle. Nous avons soutenu cette orientation par une interprétation gestuelle du spinozisme (pensée et corps), la prolongeant par une approche événementielle du geste, engageant le virtuel et donc une mémoire des gestes. Dans le sillage d'Arendt et de Simondon nous avons pu alors préciser ce que sont des gestes émancipateurs, en insistant sur le motif du retentissement, de l'excès et sur les affects propres à ces gestes (émotions), formant alors l'équivalent d'un champ (comme en physique). Ce niveau affectif ouvre aussi la voie d'une analyse de gestes proprement affectifs allant jusqu'à la pensée d'une individualité affectiveWe propose a conception of the gesture that accounts for some dimension in politics and that has not been thought before. It is a political thought that underlines the meaning (a way of being) and not political ideas or truths, it involves a kind of thought through bodies, that can be unconscious, a diagrammatic thought. The diagram can be both what presides the realisation of gestures (and their perception) and what permits the thought (thus there are gestures in thoughts). So we had to take into account collective gestures and show that the gesture can replace the old category of power. Hence the establishment of a typology of political gestures, such as those linked to verticality (domination, governmentality, popular sovereignty), those of intergestural or even discursive relationship, to the characterisation of emancipatory political gestures. This emancipation by gestures is that of the will of gestures for gestures, as for their impersonality, a gestural "Naturphilosophie". We defended this orientation with a gestural interpretation of spinozism (thought and body), extending it by an evential approach of the gesture, involving the virtual and thus a memory of gestures. In the wake of Arendt and Simondon we could then precise what emancipatory gestures were, in insisting on the motive of the importance, the excess and the affects linked to the gestures (emotions), forming then the equivalent of a field (like in physics). This affective level also opens the way to an analysis of the gestures clearly affective to the thought of an affective individuality
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Ahouma, Adaye. "Technoscience-ontologie : la"rupture systématique"." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIML002.
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Structure : 1) => ontologies : ruptures et connexions 2) => ontophénomenologie- science 3) => résistances- "rupture systématique" : de l'anamnèse de khem ces trois grandes parties disent respectivement la configuration dynamique de la notion de "rupture systématique" à travers les scansions de l'histoire de la philosophie et de la technique. En effet, nous voulons analyser dans ce travail le rapport technoscience-ontologie dans un dispositif inédit et ce, par l'entremise de la "rupture systématique" qui dans notre acception est une des déterminations de la technoscience jamais évoquée. Elle s'accorde avec l'irrépressible mouvement de tout étant, et par ricochet la vitesse qui caractérise en propre la technoscience. Celle-ci est "rupture systématique" dans le sens ou elle "rompt" toutes les systématiques quasi stables orientées par des perspectives circulaires peu changeantes quant à leurs structures internes, et au rang desquelles figure l'ontologie dans ses traits essentialisants. Mais c'est surtout le caractère systématique, c'est-à-dire toujours actualisé et nécessairement aéré de cette "rupture" qui avalise notre interprétation de l'aspect fondamentalement mouvant et déstabilisant de la technoscience. Cette thèse s'appuie essentiellement sur Martin Heidegger et Gilbert Simondon (tous deux auteurs du XXe siècle) dont les postures sur l'ontologie et/ou la technique axent et consolident les déterminités de cette "rupture systématique".
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Alkenzawi, Adil. "L'architecture comme origine, destination et support d'inscription pour la peinture et la sculpture : le Double Plateau de Buren au Palais-Royal." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083040.
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La thèse a inscrit les critiques de Buren et son œuvre dans une problématique originale, celle de l'origine de l'œuvre d'art et son insertion au monde, à travers laquelle (1) la transformation époquale de la sensibilité commune par l'esthétique des appareils modernes, leurs supports et modes de diffusion (la déshumanisation et la mécanisation de l'œuvre d'art et la poïétique de sa reproductibilité / convertibilité), (2) les conditions de possibilité d'être et de signifier de l'œuvre d'art en tant qu'achèvement du monde qu'elle nie, (3) les modalités d'existence artistique de la peinture et de la sculpture de Buren, leurs époqualité et temporalité, (4) les séries, leurs conditions d'émergence, de convergence et de divergence, (5) les interférences des rapports de la doctrine aux œuvres,…ont été révélés. La spécificité de Buren : (I) la prise de l'architecture comme origine, destination et milieu d'inscription pour la peinture et la sculpture avec pour objectif la négation de l'œuvre d’art et son origine et pour cause la modernité, (II) l'invention des rayures en 1965 et sa transformation en un "appareil-œuvre d'art", avec son double aspect critique et créatif. Son universalisation a permis à Buren la multiplication des supports d'inscription en passant de la toile aux lieux publics comme deux supports d'inscription du rêve, et l'inauguration d'une temporalité spécifique caractérisée par trois séquences exprimant l'évolution de l'œuvre globale de Buren : 1. Sauvage, 2. éphémère, 3. Monument ; comme l'exprime le Double Plateau dont la singularité est issue (1) du jeu de la convertibilité qui fait devenir la sculpture dans un rapport à l'architecture : "architecturalisme", (2) de l'invention d'un équivalent contemporain d'un support d'écriture urbaine ancien : le plateau (substitution), (3) de la prolongation d’un projet urbain continu et inachevé et de l'annulation d'une mémoire du Palais comme monument, (4) du support de l'œuvre comme forme, (5) de l'œuvre en tant qu' "éclatement" et "environnement ", (6) d'un bouleversement des conditions de la production et de la réception des œuvres d'art (désessentialisation), (7) de la déconstruction du MuséeThe thesis investigated Buren's criticisms and creative work and inscribed them in an original problem area, that of the origin of the work of art and its insertion in the world, through which (1) the epochal transformation of the common sensitivity by the aesthetic of the moderns "appliances", their supports and modes of diffusion (the de-humanisation and the mechanization of the work of art and the poetic of its reproducibility / convertibility), (2) the conditions of possibility of being and signifying of the work of art comprehended as accomplishment of the world it denies, (3) the modes of artistic existence of Buren's painting and sculpture, their "epochality" and "temporality", (4) the interference of the relations between doctrines and creative works, …were revealed. The specificity of Buren : (I) the consideration of architecture as origin, destination and support of inscription for painting and sculpture, with the negation of the work of art and its origin as objective and the modernity as cause, (II) the invention of colored stripes in 1965 and its transformation in a "appliance-work of art", with its double critique and creative aspect. Its universalization has enabled Buren the multiplication of inscription supports, passing from the canvas to the public spaces as two supports of inscription of the dream, and the inauguration of a specific temporality characterized by three sequences expressing the evolution in Buren's global work : (1) savage (illegal), (2) ephemeral, (3) monument; as his Double platform of columns in the Royal Palace can express. The uniqueness of this artefact is issue from (1) the convertibility play which creates the becoming of the sculpture in a specific relation to architecture : "architecturalism", (2) the invention of a contemporary equivalent of an ancient support of "urban writing" : the "platform" (substitution), (3) the extension of a continued and unachieved urban project and the cancellation of a memory of the Royal-Palace as a monument, (4) the support of the work of art as form, (5) the work of art as "exploded totality" and "environment", (6) an upheaval of the conditions of the production and reception of the works of art (de-essentialization), (7) deconstruction of the Museum
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Al-Shihi, Hamda D. A. "A transdisciplinary study of embodiment in HCI, AI and New Media." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6330.
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The aim of this thesis is to report on a transdisciplinary approach, regarding the complexity of thinking about human embodiment in relation to machine embodiment. A practical dimension of this thesis is to elicit some principles for the design and evaluation of virtual embodiment. The transdisciplinary approach suggests, firstly, that a single discipline or reality is, on its own, not sufficient to explain the complexity and dynamism of the embodied interaction between the human and machine. Secondly, the thesis argues for thinking of transdisciplinary research as a process of individuation, becoming or transduction, that is, as a process of mediation between heterogeneous approaches rather than perceiving research as a stabilized cognitive schema designed to accumulate new outcomes to the already-there reality. Arguing for going beyond the individualized approaches to embodiment, this thesis analyzes three cases where the problems that appear in one case are resolved through the analysis of the following one. Consisting of three phases, this research moves from objective scientific ¿reality¿ to more phenomenological, subjective and complex realities. The first study employs a critical review of embodied conversational agents in human¿computer interaction (HCI) in a learning context using a comparative meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was applied because most of the studies for evaluating embodiment are experimental. A learning context was selected because the number of studies is suitable for meta-analysis and the findings could be generalized to other contexts. The analysis reveals that there is no ¿persona effect¿, that is, the expected positive effect of virtual embodiment on the participant¿s affective, perceptive and cognitive measures. On the contrary, it shows the reduction of virtual embodiment to image and a lack of consideration for the participant¿s embodiment and interaction, in addition to theoretical and methodological shortcomings. The second phase solves these problems by focusing on Mark Hansen¿s phenomenological account of embodiment in new media. The investigation shows that Hansen improves on the HCI account by focusing on the participant¿s dynamic interaction with new media. Nevertheless, his views of embodied perception and affection are underpinned by a subjective patriarchal account leading to object/subject and body/work polarizations. The final phase resolves this polarization by analyzing the controversial work of Alan Turing on intelligent machinery. The research provides a different reading of the Turing Machine based on Simondon¿s concept of individuation, repositioning its materiality from the abstract non-existent to the actual-virtual realm and investigating the reasons for its abstraction. It relates the emergence of multiple human¿machine encounters in Turing¿s work to the complex counter-becoming of what it describes as ¿the Turing Machine compound¿.Ministry of Higher Education in the Sultanate of Oman
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Al-Shihi, Hamda Darwish Ali. "A transdisciplinary study of embodiment in HCI, AI and New Media." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6330.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to report on a transdisciplinary approach, regarding the complexity of thinking about human embodiment in relation to machine embodiment. A practical dimension of this thesis is to elicit some principles for the design and evaluation of virtual embodiment. The transdisciplinary approach suggests, firstly, that a single discipline or reality is, on its own, not sufficient to explain the complexity and dynamism of the embodied interaction between the human and machine. Secondly, the thesis argues for thinking of transdisciplinary research as a process of individuation, becoming or transduction, that is, as a process of mediation between heterogeneous approaches rather than perceiving research as a stabilized cognitive schema designed to accumulate new outcomes to the already-there reality. Arguing for going beyond the individualized approaches to embodiment, this thesis analyzes three cases where the problems that appear in one case are resolved through the analysis of the following one. Consisting of three phases, this research moves from objective scientific 'reality' to more phenomenological, subjective and complex realities. The first study employs a critical review of embodied conversational agents in human-computer interaction (HCI) in a learning context using a comparative meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was applied because most of the studies for evaluating embodiment are experimental. A learning context was selected because the number of studies is suitable for meta-analysis and the findings could be generalized to other contexts. The analysis reveals that there is no 'persona effect', that is, the expected positive effect of virtual embodiment on the participant's affective, perceptive and cognitive measures. On the contrary, it shows the reduction of virtual embodiment to image and a lack of consideration for the participant's embodiment and interaction, in addition to theoretical and methodological shortcomings. The second phase solves these problems by focusing on Mark Hansen's phenomenological account of embodiment in new media. The investigation shows that Hansen improves on the HCI account by focusing on the participant's dynamic interaction with new media. Nevertheless, his views of embodied perception and affection are underpinned by a subjective patriarchal account leading to object/subject and body/work polarizations. The final phase resolves this polarization by analyzing the controversial work of Alan Turing on intelligent machinery. The research provides a different reading of the Turing Machine based on Simondon's concept of individuation, repositioning its materiality from the abstract non-existent to the actual-virtual realm and investigating the reasons for its abstraction. It relates the emergence of multiple human-machine encounters in Turing's work to the complex counter-becoming of what it describes as 'the Turing Machine compound'.
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Ruffin-Bayardin, Céline. "Le présent : entre physique et philosophie. Vers un présentisme quantique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7005.
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Il semblerait d’après les propos d’Einstein que la physique ne parvienne pas à saisir la singularité du Maintenant. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous nous intéressons à ce qui rend le présent particulier : en quoi le présent est-il différent du passé et du futur ? Est-il véritablement inaccessible à la physique ? Quelle est la nature du rapport entre présent et réalité ? D’où notre triangle problématique articulé autour des notions réel-présent-physique. Dans un premier temps nous analysons le statut du présent en physique classique, puis à partir du débat métaphysique actuel sur le temps, et plus particulièrement à partir de la linguistique et de la logique modale, nous nous interrogeons sur la réalité du présent. Cela nous amène à aborder des théories telles que le Présentisme, le Growing Block, ou encore le Futurisme à branches. La question de l’existence du présent passe également pour nous par l’étude du « problème du temps » en gravité quantique. Enfin, dans une troisième et dernière partie, nous construisons le Présentisme Quantique. Pour cela, nous adoptons la méthode de Gilbert Simondon, et nous traitons la singularité du présent à partir du processus même d’individuation du présentIt would seem from Einstein's words that physics fails to capture the singularity of the Now. In this research, we are interested in what makes the present special : how is the present different from the past and the future? Is it really inaccessible to physics? What is the nature of the relationship between the present and reality? Hence our problematic triangle articulated around real-present-physics notions. At first, we analyze the status of the present in classical physics, then from the current metaphysical debate on time, and more particularly from linguistics and modal logic, we question the reality of the present. This leads us to approach theories such as the Presentism, the Growing Block, or the Branching-Futurism. The question of the existence of the present also requires for us the study of the "problem of time" in quantum gravity. Finally, in a third and last part, we construct Quantum Presentism. For this, we use Gilbert Simondon's method, and we deal with the singularity of the present from the very process of individuation of the present
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Silva, Rafael Alves da. "O trabalhador do futuro ou o futuro do humano." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281174.
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Orientador: Laymert Garcia dos SantosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T10:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RafaelAlvesda_D.pdf: 78839364 bytes, checksum: c8bf2b22aefbef5dc600de1f51336e28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Através de sinais captados a partir da mídia, da arte contemporânea e de uma experiência pessoal de atuação em empresas, problematiza-se a sociedade do trabalho, seu mal estar e contradições político-econômicas, passando por autores como Foucault e Robert Kurz. A partir daí, são discutidos os conceitos de trabalho e trabalhador, considerando a relação destes com o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Com a intenção de perscrutar em Marx uma análise sobre a técnica e reflexões sobre o trabalho, o trabalhador e o humano, é feita uma leitura desse autor privilegiando textos como os Manuscritos de 1844, A ideologia Alemã, os Grundrisse e os Manuscritos de 1861-1863, em que há cadernos de estudos de Marx sobre a ciência e as máquinas. E buscando uma reflexão que permita pensar uma outra relação do humano com a técnica e o trabalho, recorre-se à leitura de Gilbert Simondon, especificamente sua tese sobre o modo de existência dos objetos técnicos e seu conceito de individuação. A preocupação geral é problematizar o trabalho e o trabalhador como limitadores das potências do humano, além das linhas de fuga possíveis a partir de uma relação positiva com as tecnologias
Abstract: Through signals from the media, contemporary art and personal experience working in companies, we discusses the labour society, its uneasiness and the political and economic contradictions, passing by authors such as Foucault and Robert Kurz. Thereafter, concepts of work and worker are discussed considering their relationships with technological development. Intending to make a careful investigation in Marx regarding techniques and the labour, the worker and the human, we perform a reading of this author privileging texts such as the 1844 Manuscripts, The German Ideology, the Grundrisse and 1861-1863 Manuscripts, wherein we can find Marx¿s study books on science and machines. Searching for a new kind of thinking the relationship of human with the technique and the work, we resort to Gilbert Simondon, specifically his thesis on the mode of existence of technical objects and the concept of individuation. The general concern is to discuss the work and the worker as constraints to human potentials, beyond the possible lines of flight towards a positive relationship with technologies
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Bontems, Vincent. "Essai sur le progrès épistémologique au siècle de la relativité (1905-2005) : l'analogie dans la construction des objets scientifiques contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0097.
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Le "progrès épistémologique" repose sur l'hypothèse d'une évolution récurrente des concepts philosophiques, induites par le dynamisme des sciences et de la lignée relativiste. A partir des travaux de Gaston Bachelard, ces opérations récurrentes sont identifiées comme des "relativisations" qui refondent la métaphysique en la libérant du substantialisme. La théorie de la relativité d'échelle de Laurent Nottale et la philosophie de l'individuation de Gilbert Simondon marquent l'aboutissement de cette convergence de l'ontologie et des modèles physiques vers une nouvelle méthode, fondée sur le principe de relativité et le postulat du réalisme des relations, l'hypothèse de la fractalité ou de la préindividualité quantitque, et l'objectivation des relations d'échelle. L'examen de la contemporanéité épistémologique entre science et philosophie peut être étendu rétrospectivement aux stades historiques antérieurs à travers la notion d'analogie, et mesure le progrès épistémologique. Dans cette perspective, on examine les transformations du concept d'analogie depuis Platon jusqu'à Simondon (1 La construction des analogies), les modalités de la mise en relation analogique des travaux de Nottale et Simondon (2 Un objet scientifique contemporain) et les progrès de la lignée relativiste depuis Einstein jusqu'à Nottale (3 La relativité à l'échelle du siècle), avant de dégager l'approfondissement théorique des disciplines historiques issu de la nouvelle contemporanéité épistémologique, en tâchant de le distinguer de l'exploitation fictionnelle des schèmes scientifiques (4 Référentiels historiques et fictionnels). La perspective historique d'un nouvel encyclopédisme, établi au moyen d'une construction "ana-chronique", surmonte ainsi l'obstacle épistémologique de l'actualité. Ce travail développe, en outre, une méthode originale d'élaboration "spectrale" des concepts à partir d'engagement et de distanciation au sein des différets horizons scientifiquesThe notion of "epistemological progress" relies on the hypothesis of a recurrent evolution of philosophical concepts, which is induced by scientific dynamism, and especially by relativistic physics. From the work of Gaston Bachelard, these evolutions can be identified as petaphysical "relativisations" of spontaneous substantialism. Nowadays, the theory of scale relativity (Laurent Nottale) and the phylosophy of transduction (Gilbert Simondon) point to the same method based on the postulate of relational realism, the hypothesis of preinviduality and a fractal schematization. This kind of epistemological contemporariness relation can be retrospectively extend to the different historical stages by the means of the concept of analogy, and therefore used as criterion for epistemological progress. First, this study goes through the transformations of the concept of abalogy from Plato to Simondon (1 The construction of analogies), then it investigates the epistemological contemporariness between the works of Nottale and Simondon (2 A contenporaneous scientific object), and the progress of the relativistic method from Einstein to Nottale (3 Relativity on the scale of a centruy), and finally, we bring out theoretical improvements in historical studies induced by the new epistemological contemporariness, and try to distinguish these improvements from the fictional adaptation of scientific schema (4 Historical and fictional frames of references). The conclusions emphasizes the need for a new quest of all-round knowledge, and the epistemological obstacles that stand in the way of this analogical research. This work also develops an original method of "spectral" elaboration of concepts by means of insertion and extraction operations accross the different scientific horizons
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López, Gabrielidis Alejandra. "Datificación e Individuación. Estudio sobre la corporalidad digital en prácticas artísticas contemporáneas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669634.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis es un intento de repensar la corporalidad de la subjetividad contemporánea a partir de la relación cada vez más íntima que establecemos con los datos y los objetos digitales. A partir de la noción de individuación de Gibert Simondon y su metodología ontogenética se postula la posibilidad de la aparición de un segundo cuerpo digital. Hemos profundizado el lazo y las tensiones que existen entre el cuerpo somático y el cuerpo digital a partir de distintas prácticas y piezas artísticas.
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Masure, Anthony. "Le design des programmes : des façons de faire du numérique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010554/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse interroge le design depuis les pratiques de programmation en montrant qu'elles ne se réduisent pas à une industrie des programmes, qui empêche les inventions de naître tout à fait. Pour cela, elle confronte au sein d'une lecture non linéaire cinq moments de l'histoire du numérique (depuis Vannevar Bush en 1945, dont une traduction inédite est proposée en appendice, jusqu'aux usages contemporains du site web GitHub) à quatre formulations conceptuelles issues d'un corpus philosophique. Le choix d'auteurs qui n'ont pas directement voué leurs réflexions au design (comme Jacques Derrida, Hannah Arendt ou Walter Benjamin) permet de déconstruire un certain nombre de discours entourant la réception des technologies dites nouvelles. Critiquant nombre d'usages faits des notions de conception et de projet et s'appuyant finalement sur Gilbert Simondon, cette thèse s'intéresse à ce qui n'est pas prévisible dans les programmes. Elle soutient cinq axes ou directions pour une recherche dans le champ concerné: décentrer, authentifier, appareiller, traduire et désarticuler. La plausibilité de ces façons de faire du numérique, encore à l'état d'ébauche dans les productions contemporaines, peut intéresser les designers au-delà des spécialistes. Elle est avérée en fin d'ouvrage dans la description d'une fiction curatorialeThis dissertation questions design through programming practices, showing how they cannot be summed up in program industries which prevent inventions from happening. To this end, it confronts, by a non-linear reading, five periods in the Digital History (since Vannevar Bush in 1945, including a new unpublished translation available as an appendix, to the contemporary use of the website GitHub) with four concepts extracted from a philosophical corpus. The choice of author who have not directly dedicated their writings to Design (such as Jacques Derrida, Hannah Arendt and Walter Benjamin) can deconstruct a number of discourses regarding the arrival of so-called new technologies. After redefining concept and project in design practices and project, and then supported by Gilbert Simondon, this dissertation focuses on what is not predictable in programs. It defends five lines or directions for researches in the relevant field: decentralize, certify, kit or translate and dislocate. The plausibility of these ways to make digital, still in draft form in contemporary productions, may interest designers beyond specialists. A demonstration is made at the end of the dissertation with the description of curatorial fiction
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ONTIÑANO, ABADÍAS MARÍA CARMEN. "Cuerpo en acción, imagen en movimiento y naturaleza en el arte de EE UU y Europa durante los años 60-70, con caracter site-specific. Estudio referencial, análisis y proyecto personal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36868.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesis está dividida en un bloque teórico y un bloque práctico. En la parte
teórica se realiza un estudio referencial, análisis y discusión de una serie de creaciones
artísticas pertenecientes a la época de los años 60 y 70 mayoritariamente en EE UU y
minoritariamente en Europa, que hacen uso de la imagen en movimiento monocanal y
el cuerpo en acción en la naturaleza con carácter site-specific.
En la parte práctica se realiza una obra videográfica que trabaja a partir de los mismos
elementos de las obras de estudio desde un punto de vista actual y dentro de la línea
de creación personal de la autora, aportando temáticas, motivaciones, procesos
creativos y recursos formales que complementan y dan continuidad a la investigación
teórica, al tiempo que enriquecen la línea de trabajo personal.
Por lo que hemos podido comprobar, no tenemos constancia de que se haya
realizado una investigación que analice y compare las distintas aproximaciones a las
obras de nuestro estudio desde un punto de vista unitario, sino que han permanecido
consideradas como piezas aisladas en muchos casos, dentro de las trayectorias de los
propios artistas y sin atender al denominador común que todas ellas comparten.
En el bloque teórico se acota el marco conceptual que delimita la temática a la que
nos enfrentamos, a la vez que se muestra un recorrido por los puntos más
importantes de la investigación, claves a la hora de analizar, discutir y concluir acerca
de las creaciones. Estos puntos son los siguientes: La naturaleza como lugar; el cuerpo
en acción: performance y danza site-specific; y la imagen en movimiento: cine y vídeo
monocanal, entre testimonio y creación.
Una vez aplicado el marco teórico, se acomete un estudio referencial que aborda el
contexto artístico de la época, una serie de obras periféricas en relación con la
investigación, y finalmente las obras destacadas de la tesis. Se realiza un visionado y un
análisis completo de las obras destacadas a través de una metodología de análisis
creada específicamente en esta investigación para este tipo de piezas. Y se concluye
con una discusión que profundiza en el estudio transversal de las obras, el marco
teórico, el contexto y las periferias, poniendo a disposición de la comunidad
investigadora una visión inédita sobre estas creaciones, y una serie de conclusiones
novedosas acerca de la temática.Ontiñano Abadías, MC. (2014). Cuerpo en acción, imagen en movimiento y naturaleza en el arte de EE UU y Europa durante los años 60-70, con caracter site-specific. Estudio referencial, análisis y proyecto personal [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36868
TESIS
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Bothereau, Benjamin. "À la lanterne ! Modes d’existence d’un objet banal, entre imaginaire technique et politique. Invention, économie urbaine, publics et circulations du «réverbère», Paris, Barcelone, XVIIIe s." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH152.
Full textAbstract:
Notre culture a banalisé la lanterne publique, objet technique du quotidien urbain. Or, à la fin du XVIIIe s., la lanterne devient un véritable leitmotiv visuel et sémantique révolutionnaire.Innovation technique pour l’éclairage public au XVIIIe s., la lanterne « à réverbères » optimise l’intensité lumineuse en utilisant des artifices, les réflecteurs métalliques concaves (réverbères), afin de rationaliser le chemin optique. Si l’historiographie s’est focalisée sur la lampe d’Argand, nous avons construit notre étude autour du réflecteur, moins noble et peu valorisé. L’émergence de la nouvelle technique est intrinsèquement accompagnée de discours, d´images et de mythes qui structurent son imaginaire. La biographie d’objet est une ressource précieuse pour l’appréhender, par des prismes s’affranchissant de la distinction objet/sujet pour traiter la lanterne comme acteur et interroger ses modes d’existence.Le premier prisme porte sur la genèse de l’objet et l’inscription de son imaginaire technique comme réponse rationalisée au problème d’éclairage. Mais, interroger le sens de la technicité de l’objet n’est pas suffisant, le second prisme étudie la lanterne « en action de rue», soit sa « réticulation spatiale » et son intégration au milieu. Le troisième moment interroge les médiations transformatrices des valeurs initiales de l’objet à travers les circulations techniques (transculturelles) franco-espagnoles, et un champ de media (annonces techniques et cartes de commerce) : elles structurent la zone entre invention, publics et marchés. Enfin, le quatrième moment est consacré à la lanterne politique et ses paradoxes, basculant du double imaginaire de l’administration monarchique et du contrôle policier parisien– ou militaire barcelonais – à l’emblème révolutionnaire. Fidèle à une méthode « au ras de l’objet », nous faisons dialoguer ses fonctions symboliques avec son schème technique, pour faire ressortir les résonances – ou les déphasages– de l’imaginaire politique dans la matérialité. Nous souhaitons ainsi redonner de l’épaisseur à la lanterne, afin de retrouver son sens humain et comprendre son empreinte dans la cultureOur culture has trivialized the streetlamp and deprived it of its meanings. However, the lantern became a visual and semantic revolutionary leitmotiv at the end of the 18th c.As a technical innovation of 18th c streetlighting, the lantern à réverbères optimizes the luminous intensity by using concave metal reflectors (réverbères) to direct the beam of light where needed. If the historiography focused on the Argand’s lamp, this research deals with a far less noble and valued technical element, the reflector. The entwinement of the innovation with narratives and cultural discourses structures its imaginary: artefact biography is therefore a precious tool to approach it, by getting rid of the subject-object distinction in order to question its modes of existence.Firstly, we study the genesis of the lantern and the inscription of its technical imaginary as a rationalized answer to the lighting challenge. To continue with, we analyse the streetlamp in action and its extramaterial properties through its integration to its milieu. Processes of mediation and their transformative power are the next focus, though the study of the technical (transcultural) circulations between France and Spain, and the media of advertising and promotion (technical press, trade cards), all of which shaping the interactions between the invention, the public and the markets. We finish this survey with the political lantern and its paradox, as the artefact, strongly linked to absolute monarchy and police– or military- control, became a revolutionary emblem. By entwining the technical and symbolic functions of the streetlamp, we want to shed light upon the resonances of the political imaginary within the lantern materiality. This study therefore aims at drawing attention to the multi-layered meanings of this so-called “banal” object, and at considering the streetlamp as a significant bearer of cultural identity
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Chan, Yu-Chieh. "Du travail postfordiste vers la pratique nouvelle matérialiste et posthumaniste : un art en devenir-avec." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0e68a678-4ffa-4221-b455-1eafbfd5f69a.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse vise à interroger le phénomène de dépassement du dualisme qui émerge lors du passage du contexte postfordiste de la production, à un autre contexte que nous tentons d’examiner selon l’approche du courant des nouveaux matérialismes. Il s’agit en filigrane et finalement, de la machine d’abstraction et de spéculation, et donc de la créativité à notre époque actuelle d’abstraction réelle, du capitalisme financier, cognitif et de l’anthropocène. Du point de vue posthumaniste qui prétend que tout est matériel en processus, nous proposons de repenser la pratique de la créativité, le praticien, et le monde commun à venir en termes d’intrication des devenirs, qui se transforment en « devenir-avec». Cette thèse se divise en trois parties : La première, s’appuie sur Paolo Virno et Gilbert Simondon pour examiner des productions artistiques, comme une création de forme sociale et collective, dont les tendances de dépassement sont omniprésentes et remettent en question l’autonomie, l’aliénation et la production de la subjectivité. Dans la partie 2, pour cerner le rapport entre la créativité et le dépassement du dualisme, nous prendrons appui sur la pensée spéculative de Alfred North Whitehead, en comparaison notamment avec l’idée d’abstraction réelle et de la spéculation comme production. Puis, nous explorerons l’idée d’engagement spéculatif, et les cosmopolitiques avec Isabelle Stengers, Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway dans une approche esthético-politico-écologique et posthumaniste. Dans la partie 3, nous étudierons les diverses pensées des nouveaux matérialismes dont celles de Manuel De Landa, Bruno Latour, Rosi Braidotti, et Karen Barad, qui mettent l’accent sur l’agency de la matière en remettant en question le dualisme. Ainsi, nous proposons de repenser l’oeuvre et le public, en tant qu’assemblage des humains-non-humains, et l’effet transformateur de l’art dans le « devenir-avec », qui se situe entre le sujet et la pratique posthumaniste, et qui agit comme une correspondance avec les flux de matières, et ce, dans une écologie des pratiquesThis dissertation aims to question the phenomenon of going beyond the dualism that emerges during the passage from the postfordist context of production, to another context that we try to examine according to the approach of the current of new materialism. It is a watermark and finally, the machine of abstraction and speculation, and therefore creativity in our current era of real abstraction, financial, cognitive capitalism and the Anthropocene. From the posthumanist point of view that claims that everything is material in process, we propose to rethink the practice of creativity, the practitioner, and the coming common world in terms of the entanglement of becoming, which is transformed into "becoming-with". This thesis is divided into three parts: The first, based on Paolo Virno and Gilbert Simondon to examine artistic productions, as a creation of social and collective form, whose overriding tendencies are omnipresent and question autonomy, the alienation and the production of subjectivity. In Part 2, to delineate the relationship between creativity and the overcoming of dualism, we will rely on the speculative thinking of Alfred North Whitehead, particularly in comparison with the idea of real abstraction and speculation as production. Then, we will explore the idea of speculative engagement, and cosmopolitics with Isabelle Stengers, Latour Bruno, Donna Haraway in an aesthetic-politico-ecological and posthumanist approach. In Part 3, we will study the various thoughts of new materialism, including those by Manuel De Landa, Bruno Latour, Rosi Braidotti, and Karen Barad, who emphasize the agency of matter by questioning dualism. Thus, we propose to rethink the work and the public, as an assembly of human-non-humans, and the transformative effect of art in the "becoming-with," which lies between the subject and the posthumanist practice, which acts as a correspondence with material flows in an ecology of practice
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Labrosse, Julien. "“I didn’t have time to find the English words”: The Korean War’s Role in the Evolution of Bilingualism in the Canadian Armed Forces." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34256.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the impact of the Korean War on the evolution of the role of the French language in the Canadian military between 1946 and 1954. It explains how the Korean War acted as both a catalyst for a more accommodating stance towards the French language in the Canadian Armed Forces, and an immediate impediment to the implementation of such changes.
Particularly, this thesis explores the conflict that emerged between various officials in the Department of National Defence concerning the place that should be made for the French language, and how best to recruit more French Canadians. It shows that there was serious disagreement between the Minister of National Defence, Brooke Claxton, who wanted more bilingualism in the Canadian military, and the Chief of General Staff, General Guy G. Simonds, who resisted further concessions to francophones.
Moreover, this thesis reveals the extent to which there was goodwill within the Canadian Armed Forces on the part of both anglophones and francophones on the frontline in Korea. This constituted the basis on which the Department of National Defence was able to begin the process of implementing a more bilingual system. In this respect, this thesis shows the Canadian military to have been ahead of the federal Civil Service.