Academic literature on the topic 'Similarity model'

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Journal articles on the topic "Similarity model"

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Murugan, N. Senthil Vel, Dr V. Vallinayagam Dr. V.Vallinayagam, and Dr K. Senthamarai Kannan. "Multiple Regression Model and Similarity Analysis – A Comparison Study." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/109.

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Bouza, Amancio, and Abraham Bernstein. "(Partial) user preference similarity as classification-based model similarity." Semantic Web 5, no. 1 (2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sw-130099.

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Ma, Wenchao, Charles Iaconangelo, and Jimmy de la Torre. "Model Similarity, Model Selection, and Attribute Classification." Applied Psychological Measurement 40, no. 3 (January 18, 2016): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621615621717.

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Ohba, Masaaki, Takashi Kurabuchi, Endo Tomoyuki, Yoshihiko Akamine, Motoyasu Kamata, and Aya Kurahashi. "Local Dynamic Similarity Model of Cross-Ventilation Part 2 - Application of Local Dynamic Similarity Model." International Journal of Ventilation 2, no. 4 (April 2004): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2004.11683680.

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Znamenskij, Sergej. "Model and axioms for similarity metrics." Program Systems: Theory and Applications 8, no. 4 (2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25209/2079-3316-2017-8-4-347-357.

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Kovács, Balázs. "A generalized model of relational similarity." Social Networks 32, no. 3 (July 2010): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2010.02.001.

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Tesař, Václav, and Jozef Kordík. "Quasi-similarity model of synthetic jets." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 149, no. 2 (February 2009): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2008.11.017.

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Akishin, P. G., M. V. Altaisky, I. Antoniou, A. D. Budnik, and V. V. Ivanov. "Burridge–Knopoff model and self-similarity." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 11, no. 1-3 (January 2000): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-0779(98)00285-9.

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Pothos, Emmanuel M., Jerome R. Busemeyer, and Jennifer S. Trueblood. "A quantum geometric model of similarity." Psychological Review 120, no. 3 (2013): 679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033142.

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Shapiro, A. M., and G. S. Benton. "A similarity model of axisymmetric convection." Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics 2, no. 6 (June 1990): 928–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857653.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Similarity model"

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Lu, Junde. "Model migration based on process similarity /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202008%20LU.

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Wang, Zhiwei. "Riemann space model and similarity-based Web retrieval." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60214.pdf.

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Anandan, Srinivasan. "Similarity metrics applied to graph based design model authoring." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219855195/.

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Jenkins, Gavin Wesley. "A task-general dynamic neural model of object similarity judgments." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1648.

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The similarity between objects is judged in a wide variety of contexts from visual search to categorization to face recognition. There is a correspondingly rich history of similarity research, including empirical work and theoretical models. However, the field lacks an account of the real time neural processing dynamics of different similarity judgment behaviors. Some accounts focus on the lower-level processes that support similarity judgments, but they do not capture a wide range of canonical behaviors, and they do not account for the moment-to-moment stability and interaction of realistic neural object representations. The goal of this dissertation is to address this need and present a broadly applicable and neurally implemented model of object similarity judgments. I accomplished this by adapting and expanding an existing neural process model of change detection to capture a set of canonical, task-general similarity judgment behaviors. Target behaviors to model were chosen by reviewing the similarity judgment literature and identifying prominent and consistent behavioral effects. I tested each behavior for task-generality across three experiments using three diverse similarity judgment tasks. The following behaviors observed across all three tasks served as modeling targets: the effect of feature value comparisons, attentional modulation of feature dimensions, sensitivity to patterns of objects encountered over time, violations of minimality and triangle equality, and a sensitivity to circular feature dimensions like color hue. The model captured each effect. The neural processes implied by capturing these behaviors are discussed, along with the broader theoretical implications of the model and possibilities for its future expansion.
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Shah, Yashna Jitendra. "The Impact of Role Model Similarity on Women's Leadership Outcomes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78144.

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Role models can serve as a means to counteract the prevalent 'Think Leader, Think Male' stereotype. This study was designed to assess the impact of role model similarity on women's leadership self-efficacy, task performance and future leadership behavior, using two conceptualizations of similarity – match with leadership self-concept and attainability of the role model. Additionally, the process by which one's self-perceptions of leadership impact judgments of one's own behavior was also investigated. Participants were presented with a role model vignette in a laboratory setting, following which they complete a leadership task. Results indicated that there were no significant effects of the interaction of the two role model manipulations of various leadership outcomes. However, match of role model with one's self-concept did impact one's leadership self-efficacy. Results also indicated that agentic leader prototypes partially mediated the relation between individuals' self-concept and self-judgments, such that participants whose self-concept matched the role model activated the agentic leader prototype. Overall findings suggest that match with one's self concept plays an important role in role models being perceived as similar to the self, which can have important implications for women's leadership development.
Master of Science
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Esin, Yunus Emre. "Improvement Of Corpus-based Semantic Word Similarity Using Vector Space Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610759/index.pdf.

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This study presents a new approach for finding semantically similar words from corpora using window based context methods. Previous studies mainly concentrate on either finding new combination of distance-weight measurement methods or proposing new context methods. The main difference of this new approach is that this study reprocesses the outputs of the existing methods to update the representation of related word vectors used for measuring semantic distance between words, to improve the results further. Moreover, this novel technique provides a solution to the data sparseness of vectors which is a common problem in methods which uses vector space model. The main advantage of this new approach is that it is applicable to many of the existing word similarity methods using the vector space model. The other and the most important advantage of this approach is that it improves the performance of some of these existing word similarity measuring methods.
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Owens, Charles Ray. "Donating Behavior in Children: The Effect of the Model's Similarity with the Model and Parental Models." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5318.

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Model similarity and familiarity were investigated for adult and similar aged models demonstrating prosocial behavior. Third, fourth and fifth graders (75 male and 75 female) participated. Subjects were given questionnaires regarding their most and least preferred peers and their most preferred parent. The models were described as similar to the subject for some groups. Subjects were given instructions concerning a sorting task and cash certificates they would earn. Fifty control subjects viewed a video that contained neither prosocial nor antisocial behavior. For the remaining subjects, a 2 (sex of subject) X 2 (similar age model versus adult model) X 5 (treatment) factorial design was employed. The 5 treatment factors were: unfamiliar models described as a) similar, b) dissimilar, c) with no similarity mentioned, and familiar models who were d) preferred (either a best friend or preferred parent), and e) least preferred (either a least preferred peer or parent). Subjects (except the control group) saw a video taped model who demonstrated a sorting task and collected 20 certificates. All models shared 10 certificates by placing them in a canister marked "for the poor children". Subjects completed the task and had an opportunity to share while alone. Significantly more sharing occurred in the similar age than in the adult model group. Both of which imitated more than the control group. There was no difference in the imitation of males and females overall. There was no difference between the groups that saw unfamiliar models who were described as similar and the groups that saw unfamiliar models with no similarity mentioned. Each of these produced more imitative donating than the control, the familiar preferred model, and the unfamiliar model described as dissimilar groups. The familiar least preferred model group shared more than the control group. There were significant interaction effects between sex and treatment and between sex, treatment, and age of model. Unfamiliar models with no similarity mentioned and peer models each produced more sharing than parent models. Subjects who observed an unfamiliar model described as similar donated more than those seeing an unfamiliar model described as dissimilar. An unfamiliar age-mate model produced more sharing than a familiar and preferred friend. Donations were greater when the subject observed a least preferred peer rather than a best friend. This difference was due to the female subjects' performance.
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Hu, Rong (RongRong). "Image annotation with discriminative model and annotation refinement by visual similarity matching." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61311.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
A large percentage of photos on the Internet cannot be reached by search engines because of the absence of textual metadata. Such metadata come from description and tags of the photos by their uploaders. Despite of decades of research, neither model based and model-free approaches can provide quality annotation to images. In this thesis, I present a hybrid annotation pipeline that combines both approaches in hopes of increasing the accuracy of the resulting annotations. Given an unlabeled image, the first step is to suggest some words via a trained model optimized for retrieval of images from text. Though the trained model cannot always provide highly relevant words, they can be used as initial keywords to query a large web image repository and obtain text associated with retrieved images. We then use perceptual features (e.g., color, texture, shape, and local characteristics) to match the retrieved images with the query photo and use visual similarity to rank the relevance of suggested annotations for the query photo.
by Rong Hu.
M.Eng.
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COUTINHO, Ana Emília Victor Barbosa. "Similarity-based test suite reduction in the context of Model-Based Testing." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/588.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-04T22:31:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA EMÍLIA VICTOR BARBOSA COUTINHO - TESE PPGCC 2015..pdf: 3805756 bytes, checksum: 2bee7d8777dfd753eb994680cd2bb6c5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T22:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA EMÍLIA VICTOR BARBOSA COUTINHO - TESE PPGCC 2015..pdf: 3805756 bytes, checksum: 2bee7d8777dfd753eb994680cd2bb6c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20
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Klinkmüller, Christopher. "Adaptive Process Model Matching." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-224884.

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Process model matchers automate the detection of activities that represent similar functionality in different models. Thus, they provide support for various tasks related to the management of business processes including model collection management and process design. Yet, prior research primarily demonstrated the matchers’ effectiveness, i.e., the accuracy and the completeness of the results. In this context (i) the size of the empirical data is often small, (ii) all data is used for the matcher development, and (iii) the validity of the design decisions is not studied. As a result, existing matchers yield a varying and typically low effectiveness when applied to different datasets, as among others demonstrated by the process model matching contests in 2013 and 2015. With this in mind, the thesis studies the effectiveness of matchers by separating development from evaluation data and by empirically analyzing the validity and the limitations of design decisions. In particular, the thesis develops matchers that rely on different sources of information. First, the activity labels are considered as natural-language descriptions and the Bag-of-Words Technique is introduced which achieves a high effectiveness in comparison to the state of the art. Second, the Order Preserving Bag-of-Words Technique analyzes temporal dependencies between activities in order to automatically configure the Bag-of-Words Technique and to improve its effectiveness. Third, expert feedback is used to adapt the matchers to the domain characteristics of process model collections. Here, the Adaptive Bag-of-Words Technique is introduced which outperforms the state-of-the-art matchers and the other matchers from this thesis.
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Books on the topic "Similarity model"

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Djang, Rebecca W. Similarity inheritance: A new model of inheritance for spreadsheet VPLs. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Dept. of Computer Science, 1998.

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Djang, Rebecca. Similarity inheritance: A model of inheritance for declarative visual programming languages. [Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Dept. of Computer Science, 1999.

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Jaschinski, Alfred. On the application of similarity laws to a scaled railway bogie model. Koln, Germany: DLR, 1990.

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Tree models of similarity and association. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1996.

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Corter, James. Tree Models of Similarity and Association. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412986380.

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Similarity and dimensional methods in mechanics. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1992.

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Simulation and similarity: Using models to understand the world. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Vengayil, Padmaraj. Similarity relations of wind waves in finite depth. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1988.

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Bekbasarov, Isabay. Study of the process of driving piles and dies on models. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1074097.

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The monograph presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies conducted using models of driven piles and tape dies. The influence of the cross-section size, length, shape of the trunk and the lower end of the piles on their submergability, energy intensity of driving and load-bearing capacity was evaluated. The design and technological features of new types of piles are considered. A method for determining the load-bearing capacity of a pile model based on the results of dynamic tests has been developed. Similarity conditions and formulas are presented that provide modeling of the pile driving process in the laboratory. The influence of the shape of the tape dies on their submersibility, energy consumption of the driving and the bearing capacity of the foundations arranged in the vyshtampovannyh pits was evaluated. The method of determining the load-bearing capacity of a belt Foundation model based on the results of pit vyshtampovyvaniya is described. Recommendations on the choice of optimal parameters of piles and foundations, arranged in vystupovani pits. Recommended for researchers, specialists of design and construction organizations, doctoral students, postgraduates, undergraduates and students of construction and water management specialties.
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Hulland, John. Comparing models of consideration and choice: Taking advantage of perceived similarity. London, Canada: Western Business School, University of Western Ontario, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Similarity model"

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Melnik, Sergey. "7. Similarity Flooding Algorithm." In Generic Model Management, 117–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24684-8_7.

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Xu, Xiangzhou, Tongxin Zhu, Hongwu Zhang, and Lu Gao. "Similarity of Model Experiments." In Experimental Erosion, 7–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3801-8_2.

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Busse, Ludwig M., and Joachim M. Buhmann. "Model-Based Clustering of Inhomogeneous Paired Comparison Data." In Similarity-Based Pattern Recognition, 207–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24471-1_15.

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Konaka, Fumito, and Takao Miura. "Word Similarity Based on Domain Graph." In Model and Data Engineering, 346–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45547-1_27.

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Yan, Haowen, and Jonathan Li. "Model Validations." In Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces, 115–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09743-5_5.

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Pulov, Vladimir I., Mariana Ts Hadzhilazova, and Ivaïlo M. Mladenov. "Symmetries and Some Special Solutions of the Helfrich Model." In Similarity and Symmetry Methods, 353–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08296-7_6.

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Lourenço, André, Ana Fred, and Mário Figueiredo. "A Generative Dyadic Aspect Model for Evidence Accumulation Clustering." In Similarity-Based Pattern Recognition, 104–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24471-1_8.

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Fattah, Mohamed Abdel, and Fuji Ren. "Similarity-based model for transliteration." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 195–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76483-2_17.

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Davidson, L. "A Dissipative Scale-Similarity Model." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation VII, 261–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3652-0_39.

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Yu, Qiming. "Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World." In Model-Based Reasoning, 275–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0605-8_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Similarity model"

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"Measuring UML Model Similarity." In 7th International Conference on Software Paradigm Trends. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004027303190323.

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Yuchai Wan, Xiabi Liu, and Yuyang Tang. "Simplifying Gaussian mixture model via model similarity." In 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900124.

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Gueguen, Lionel, and Mihai Datcu. "The Model based Similarity Metric." In 2007 Data Compression Conference (DCC'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcc.2007.76.

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Wu, Yi, Yueting Zhuang, and Yunhe Pan. "Content-based video similarity model." In the eighth ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/354384.376380.

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Aboutaleb, Ahmed, Ahmed Fayed, Dina Ismail, Nada A. GabAllah, Ahmed Rafea, and Nourhan Sakr. "BERT BiLSTM-Attention Similarity Model." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaica52286.2021.9498209.

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Guo, Jiayi, Ruobing Zhang, Jianming Hu, Yinan Jiang, and Xin Pei. "Convolutional Trajectory Similarity Model: a faster method for trajectory similarity measurement." In 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference - ITSC. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917327.

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Zhang, Ruobing, Jiayi Guo, Jianming Hu, and Xin Pei. "Deep Trajectory Similarity Model: A Fast Method for Trajectory Similarity Computation." In International Conference on Transportation and Development 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482582.002.

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Chang, Chin-Liang. "Fuzzy similarity for function computation model." In 2015 Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) held jointly with 2015 5th World Conference on Soft Computing (WConSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips-wconsc.2015.7284146.

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Diana, Mery, Juntaro Chikama, Motoki Amagasaki, Masahiro Iida, and Morihiro Kuga. "Characteristic Similarity Using Classical CNN Model." In 2019 34th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itc-cscc.2019.8793442.

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Chen, Weiling, Gang Wang, and Fengxia Yin. "Document similarity calculation model of CSLN." In 2014 5th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsess.2014.6933701.

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Reports on the topic "Similarity model"

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Forbus, Kenneth D., Dedre Gentner, and Keith Law. MAC/FAC: A Model of Similarity-Based Retrieval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada286291.

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Forbus, Kenneth D., Dedre Gentner, and Keith Law. MAC/FAC: A Model of Similarity-Based Retrieval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288515.

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Paskaleva, Biliana Stefanova, Pavel B. Bochev, and Arlo Leroy Ames. An extended vector space model for information retrieval with generalized similarity measures : theory and applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055624.

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Kedem, B. A Graphical Similarity Measure for Time Series Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada158869.

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Ravela, S., and R. Manmatha. Multi-Modal Retrieval of Trademark Images Using Global Similarity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440302.

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Pettit, Chris, and D. Wilson. A physics-informed neural network for sound propagation in the atmospheric boundary layer. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41034.

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We describe what we believe is the first effort to develop a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict sound propagation through the atmospheric boundary layer. PINN is a recent innovation in the application of deep learning to simulate physics. The motivation is to combine the strengths of data-driven models and physics models, thereby producing a regularized surrogate model using less data than a purely data-driven model. In a PINN, the data-driven loss function is augmented with penalty terms for deviations from the underlying physics, e.g., a governing equation or a boundary condition. Training data are obtained from Crank-Nicholson solutions of the parabolic equation with homogeneous ground impedance and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for the effective sound speed in the moving atmosphere. Training data are random samples from an ensemble of solutions for combinations of parameters governing the impedance and the effective sound speed. PINN output is processed to produce realizations of transmission loss that look much like the Crank-Nicholson solutions. We describe the framework for implementing PINN for outdoor sound, and we outline practical matters related to network architecture, the size of the training set, the physics-informed loss function, and challenge of managing the spatial complexity of the complex pressure.
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Araujo, María Caridad, Marta Rubio-Codina, and Norbert Schady. 70 to 700 to 70,000: Lessons from the Jamaica Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003210.

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This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first describes the design, implementation and impacts of these three programs. Then, it analyzes the threats to scalability in each of these experiences and discusses how they could have affected program outcomes, with a focus on three of the elements of the economic model of scaling in Al-Ubaydli, et al. (Forthcoming): appropriate statistical inference, properties of the population, and properties of the situation. The document reflects on the lessons learned to mitigate the threats to scalability and on how research and evaluation can be better aligned to facilitate and support the scaling-up process of early child development interventions. It points out those attributes that interventions must maintain to ensure effectiveness at scale. Similarly, political support is also identified as indispensable.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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