Academic literature on the topic 'Similarity avoidance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Similarity avoidance"
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Frisch, Stefan A., Janet B. Pierrehumbert, and Michael B. Broe. "Similarity Avoidance and the OCP." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22, no. 1 (February 2004): 179–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nala.0000005557.78535.3c.
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Czaplicki, Bartłomiej. "Construction-specific effects of phonological similarity avoidance." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 159–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2022-0010.
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Abstract Previous research on similarity avoidance has focused on such phonological factors as featural similarity and adjacency. This paper additionally investigates the phonology-morphology interface and draws attention to morphological and lexical effects of similarity avoidance. Avoidance of identical or similar sounds may give rise to a variety of strategies, including periphrastic category formation, an unexpected allomorph of the stem or affix and a lexical gap. It is argued that, although similarity avoidance has a universal basis in language processing, the various strategies to implement it are construction specific. In particular, it is shown that one construction may exhibit a different scope of OCP effects than another, which entails that the constraints regulating OCP effects should be morphosyntactically indexed, in turn requiring reference to multiple cophonologies with distinct properties. A novel finding is that cophonologies may be delimited by the syntactic category of the base of category formation. Drawing on the insight of Construction Morphology, the analysis represents dissimilation as an interaction of construction-specific OCP constraints with schemas that include reference to the base. In order to derive the gradience of OCP effects, the relevant constraints are ranked on the basis of a similarity metric and formal complexity. The proposed constraint-based analysis aims to represent the construction-specific strategies for dealing with dissimilation and capture the observed gradience of the pressure.
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Côté, Marie-Hélène. "Syntagmatic distinctness in consonant deletion." Phonology 21, no. 1 (May 2004): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675704000120.
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This article examines the role of distinctness between adjacent segments in consonant deletion. On the basis of five stop-deletion patterns, it establishes a correlation between the likelihood of cluster simplification and the level of similarity between the consonants in the cluster. This correlation is motivated on perceptual grounds, and an OT analysis of similarity avoidance is provided in which perceptual factors are integrated in the grammar through both faithfulness and markedness constraints. This perceptual approach improves in two ways on previous analyses, notably the OCP. First, it integrates similarity avoidance within a more general perception-based framework, which accounts naturally for its gradient nature. Second, it uncovers a distinction between absolute and contextual similarity avoidance between adjacent segments, depending on whether similarity avoidance is established without reference to the context in which the segments appear or relative to the quality of the perceptual cues available to the segments.
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Stiglbauer, Barbara, and Carrie Kovacs. "Need for Uniqueness Determines Reactions to Web-Based Personalized Advertising." Psychological Reports 122, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 246–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118756353.
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The presented empirical study among a sample of n = 256 participants addressed the relationship between consumers' need for uniqueness and their reactions to web-based personalized advertising. Drawing on regulatory focus theory, we argue that the consumers' need for uniqueness dimensions creative choice and similarity avoidance may relate to promotion and prevention regulatory orientations, respectively. Accordingly, we hypothesized that creative choice and similarity avoidance would differentially predict self-reported approach and avoidance behavior toward personalized advertising. These direct relationships were further expected to be mediated by subjective evaluations of personalized advertising (i.e., perceived value and irritation). In line with these hypotheses, we found that creative choice predicted approach behavior through increased web-based personalized advertising value, whereas similarity avoidance predicted avoidance behavior through increased irritation. Creative choice also predicted decreased irritation, which in turn was related to decreased approach behavior. In sum, the results suggest that the consumers' need for uniqueness dimensions should not be investigated as a composite, as they seem to reflect different regulatory orientations and are therefore likely to evoke different affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses.
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Huang, Hui-chuan J. "Glide strengthening in Atayal: sonority dispersion and similarity avoidance." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 29, no. 1 (February 2020): 77–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-020-09204-w.
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Bradley, Travis G., and Jacob J. Adams. "Sonority distance and similarity avoidance effects in Moroccan Judeo-Spanish." Linguistics 56, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 1463–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0028.
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Abstract This article investigates consonant gemination in late Nineteenth- and early Twentieth-century haketía, a now moribund, regional dialect of Judeo-Spanish spoken in northern Morocco since the late fifteenth century. Some, but not all, consonant clusters arising across a word boundary undergo regressive total assimilation, e.g. [n.n] siudad ninguna ‘no city’ but [z.n] laz niñas ‘the girls’. We present novel descriptive generalizations to show that regressive gemination is sensitive to the degree of sonority distance between the coda and the onset. Evidence of parasitic harmony comes from lateral+consonant clusters, which undergo gemination only if the target and trigger consonants are already similar in some respect. In the framework of Optimality Theory, we formalize syllable contact as a relational hierarchy of *Distance constraints and capture parasitic harmony effects by similarity avoidance, or Obligatory Contour Principle, constraints against adjacent consonants with identical manner and/or place features. These markedness constraints interact with other universal faithfulness and markedness constraints in a language-specific ranking that predicts the attested patterns of regressive gemination. This study lends further support to sonority distance effects and gradient syllable contact in phonological theory and shows that similarity avoidance is also necessary to give a full account of regressive gemination in Moroccan Judeo-Spanish.
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Menger, Rudmer, H. Chris Dijkerman, and Stefan Van der Stigchel. "The Effect of Similarity: Non-Spatial Features Modulate Obstacle Avoidance." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 29, 2013): e59294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059294.
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Baek, Eunsoo, and Ho Jung Choo. "Effects of Peer Consumption on Hedonic Purchase Decisions." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 7 (August 16, 2015): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.7.1085.
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We investigated how peer consumption of goods influences consumers' decision making. Focusing on hedonic products with emotional, experiential, but functional benefits, we conducted an empirical study with 200 Korean women aged in their 20s. Utilizing self-construal as the moderator, results indicated that when participants viewed their peers' consumption, interdependent people displayed greater purchase intention, whereas independent people exhibited nonsignificant changes in purchasing behavior. Avoidance of similarity tendency further explained why peer consumption enhanced the purchase intention of interdependents who placed a low value on avoidance of similarity, whereas the absence of peer consumption enhanced the purchase intention of independents who placed a high value on avoiding similarity. The results supported our hypothesis that, in a hedonic consumption situation, the presence of peer consumption influences consumers' purchase decisions.
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Cassidy, Jude, Jessica A. Stern, Mario Mikulincer, David R. Martin, and Philip R. Shaver. "Influences on Care for Others: Attachment Security, Personal Suffering, and Similarity Between Helper and Care Recipient." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 4 (December 22, 2017): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217746150.
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Research indicates that dispositional attachment security fosters empathy, and that short-term increases in security (“security priming”) increase empathy and willingness to help others. In two experiments, we examined effects of recalling one’s own vulnerability ( feeling hurt by a relationship partner) and security priming on empathy for a recipient in need. In Study 1, the recipient was a middle-aged homeless woman (low similarity to participants); in Study 2, the recipient was a college-aged woman whose boyfriend had been unfaithful (high similarity to participants). In both studies, hurt feelings influenced participants’ empathy, but the nature of the influence varied as a function of target–participant similarity. In Study 1, hurt feelings decreased empathy and increased caregiving avoidance. In Study 2, hurt feelings not only increased empathy but also aroused caregiving anxiety. Furthermore, security priming weakened defensive barriers against helping: In Study 1, it reduced caregiving avoidance, and in Study 2, it reduced caregiving anxiety.
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Rowe, Candy, Leena Lindström, and Anne Lyytinen. "The importance of pattern similarity between Müllerian mimics in predator avoidance learning." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 271, no. 1537 (February 22, 2004): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2615.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Similarity avoidance"
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Aguiar, Pedro Senos de. "Perceptions of expertise : a determinant factor on the acceptance of user-designed products." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31300.
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the traditional paradigm of innovation in which consumers are merely buyers, firms are increasingly drawing on their user communities to conceptualize new products.
Innovation scholars acknowledge this process as beneficial for both firms and observing consumers (consumers not involved in the conceptualization process). However, some caveats were made regarding the expertise of users when conceiving products that are either complex, luxurious or when knowledge about technical details such as materials or components is needed.
This research aims to investigate whether observing consumers perceive users (vis-à-vis professional designers) to possess enough expertise to design products ideated around technical and functional details. Additionally, two moderators of this effect are studied: observing consumers’ uncertainty avoidance beliefs and perceptions of similarity these have towards the creators of new products.
We conducted an experimental study using two design modes: products designed by users or by firms’ professionals. The data have been collected in MTurk measuring participants’ perceptions of expertise and purchase intentions.
The results show that consumers prefer professionals’ input for these products due to higher perceptions of expertise (that also lead to higher quality perceptions). Additionally, we find that this preference is exacerbated for high uncertainty-avoiding consumers and that expertise perceptions mediate purchase intentions differently depending on the perceptions of similarity that observing consumers have towards the creators of a product.
This study adds to the innovation literature by showing that consumers’ involvement in NPD is not universally beneficial and that uncertainty avoidance beliefs and perceptions of similarity are two critical boundary conditions.
Books on the topic "Similarity avoidance"
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Dunsmoor, Joseph E., and Rony Paz. Generalization of Learned Fear. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0004.
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Autonomic hyperarousal and avoidance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be triggered by a host of stimuli or situations that bear some similarity or association to the trauma event. As these triggers are often encountered in safe environments removed from the original trauma, this overgeneralization of fear and anxiety is a burden that can interfere with daily life. Recent efforts to understand the neurobiology of PTSD have relied on laboratory models of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction. This chapter reviews studies of fear generalization in animals and humans, which provide a valuable model to conceptualize the excessive fear generalization characteristic of PTSD.
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Naicker, Saraladevi, and Graham Paget. HIV and renal disease. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0187_update_001.
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemic has particularly affected the poorest regions of the world. HIV can directly or indirectly affect different aspects of renal function, and results in a variable expression of kidney disease.Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) amongst HIV-infected patients is reported at 3.5–38% in different regions of the world. The complex interplay between the pheno- and/or genotypic variants of the virus, the genetic make-up of the host, and environmental factors determine the clinical manifestations of renal disease. The association of APOL1 gene variants G1 and G2 with the risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis explains the high frequency of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) in populations of black ethnicity.Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is effective in preventing progression of HIVAN. Some of the drugs used in ART regimens are potentially nephrotoxic and require dose adjustment or even avoidance in CKD. Progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in HIVAN has been reported to correlate with the extent of chronic damage quantified by renal biopsy.HIV-infected patients requiring dialysis, who are stable on ART, are achieving survival rates comparable to those of non-HIV dialysis populations. Similarly, HIV infection does not seem to adversely affect patient and graft survival rates after kidney transplantation, and there has been no increase in the prevalence of opportunistic infections in transplant recipients on effective ART.
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Lekander, Mats. The Inflamed Feeling. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863441.001.0001.
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What do wanting to stay in bed, feeling sick, and being afraid of strangers have in common? The answer is that these feelings can reflect a drive which evolved in our ancestors to combat the threat of infection to survival. Listening to the body’s message to the brain that you are sick allows you to save energy that can be used for recuperation and recovery. Urges of staying still, noticing pain, feeling sorry for yourself, and focusing inward are thus bodily messages that benefit the immune defense. Similarly, superficial signs of ill health in others, or even the prejudicial idea of a person with a foreign bacterial culture, can cause anxiety and avoidance as part of the defense strategy. Being at a life or death juncture, your brain and your immune system join forces to preserve or regain health. Having a too high or too low sensitivity to inner or outer disease signals is therefore connected to a risk for mental as well as somatic disorders. In this book, Mats Lekander explains the science behind perceived health, using an arsenal of Barbie dolls, visual illusions, personal experiences, placebo, hypochondriacs, and historical anecdotes against a backdrop of the latest neuroscience and psychoneuroimmunology (the science of the brain, behavior, and immunity). He describes when he poisoned himself at work and enjoyed it, and why white blood cells and inflammation are key players when our brains try to guess what is going on in our inner worlds.
Book chapters on the topic "Similarity avoidance"
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Singh, Balwant, Shefali Mishra, Deepak Singh Bisht, and Rohit Joshi. "Growing Rice with Less Water: Improving Productivity by Decreasing Water Demand." In Rice Improvement, 147–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_5.
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AbstractRice is a staple food for more than half of the global population. With the increasing population, the yield of rice must correspondingly increase to fulfill the requirement. Rice is cultivated worldwide in four different types of ecosystems, which are limited by the availability of irrigation water. However, water-limiting conditions negatively affect rice production; therefore, to enhance productivity under changing climatic conditions, improved cultivation practices and drought-tolerant cultivars/varieties are required. There are two basic approaches to cultivation: (1) plant based and (2) soil and irrigation based, which can be targeted for improving rice production. Crop plants primarily follow three mechanisms: drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Based on these mechanisms, different strategies are followed, which include cultivar selection based on yield stability under drought. Similarly, soil- and irrigation-based strategies consist of decreasing non-beneficial water depletions and water outflows, aerobic rice development, alternate wetting and drying, saturated soil culture, system of rice intensification, and sprinkler irrigation. Further strategies involve developing drought-tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted selection/pyramiding, genomic selection, QTL mapping, and other breeding and cultivation practices such as early planting to follow escape strategies and decreasing stand density to minimize competition with weeds. Similarly, the identification of drought-responsive genes and their manipulation will provide a technological solution to overcome drought stress. However, it was the Green Revolution that increased crop production. To maintain the balance, there is a need for another revolution to cope with the increasing demand.
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Fante, Chiara, Sara Palermo, Vincenzo Auriemma, and Morese Rosalba. "Social Inclusion and Exclusion: How Evolution Changes Our Relational and Social Brain." In Evolutionary Psychology Meets Social Neuroscience. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99916.
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Belonging to social groups is an important need for human beings and social exclusion has a significant psychological impact on individual wellbeing. Social neuroscience has clarified the similarity of the neuronal substrate between physical pain and social pain during the experience of social exclusion. Pain is the oldest signal that something is wrong for our brain, and the anticipation of pain motivates a move away from perceived dangerous or noxious stimuli. The Evolutionary Theory of Motivation (ETM) considered group affiliation as an adaptive goal that supports the individual\'s adaptation to the environment; however, invalidating experiences may induce avoidance of its pursuit. In this perspective, social exclusion could thus be considered as the result of failures at one or more levels of the human motivational systems. This chapter attempts to understand the neuroscience findings on social exclusion in this theoretical framework.
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Ayliffe, James. "Evidence Gathering." In Transaction Avoidance in Insolvencies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793403.003.0029.
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The Insolvency Act 1986 recognizes that an office holder, as a stranger to the affairs of the debtor, may encounter problems in trying to unravel the debtor’s past dealings, something which can be exploited by those who have entered into voidable transactions. In personal insolvency the debtor, his spouse, and his associates may well wish to conceal information about the debtor’s dealings in order to protect the transactions that the office holder is seeking to attack. Similarly, in corporate insolvency, the officers of the company and others who are involved in the company’s affairs may wish to suppress information. This situation is not helped by the fact that some of the avoidance provisions, in particular those dealing with preferences and transactions defrauding creditors, contain elements which may be difficult for the office holder to prove.
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Mittal, Madhukar, and Vanishri Ganakumar. "Graves Disease in Childhood." In Graves' Disease. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97569.
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Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R), resulting in stimulation of thyroid gland and overproduction of thyroid hormones resulting in clinical manifestations. It is uncommon in children and is 6 times more prevalent in females. The symptomatology, clinical and biochemical severity are a function of age of onset of disease. Prepubertal children tend to present with weight loss and bowel frequency, associated with accelerated growth and bone maturation. Older children are more likely to present with the classical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis like palpitations, tremors and heat intolerance. Prepubertal children tend to have a more severe disease, longer duration of complaints and higher thyroid hormone levels at presentation than the pubertal and postpubertal children. The non-specificity of some of the symptoms in pediatric age group can lead to children being initially seen by other specialities before being referred to endocrinology. Management issues are decided based on patient’s priorities and shared decision making between patient and treating physician. Radioactive Iodine Ablation is preferred when there is relatively higher value placed on Definitive control of hyperthyroidism, Avoidance of surgery, and potential side effects of ATDs. Similarly Antithyroid drugs are chosen when a relatively higher value is placed on possibility of remission and avoidance of lifelong thyroid hormone treatment, Avoidance of surgery, Avoidance of exposure to radioactivity. Surgery is preferred when access to a high-volume thyroid surgeon is available and a relatively higher value is on prompt and definitive control of hyperthyroidism, avoidance of exposure to radioactivity and avoidance of potential side effects of ATDs. Continental differences with regards to management do exist; radio-iodine ablation being preferred in North America while Anti-thyroid drug treatment remains the initial standard care in Europe.
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Watson, David, and Michael W. O’Hara. "The Structure, Validity, and Specificity of PTSD Symptoms." In Understanding the Emotional Disorders, 175–205. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199301096.003.0007.
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This chapter explicates the properties of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. It focuses on four basic types of PTSD symptoms: intrusions/reexperiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and dysphoria/numbing. Indicators of intrusions/reexperiencing showed the strongest overall criterion validity and impressive diagnostic specificity vis-à-vis PTSD diagnoses; they also displayed significant incremental predictive power in logistic regression analyses. Avoidance symptoms behaved similarly and also appear to have a relatively strong and specific association with PTSD diagnoses. The data for hyperarousal symptoms were more mixed: They tended to exhibit moderate to strong criterion validity, with inconsistent evidence of diagnostic specificity and incremental validity. Finally, although dysphoria/numbing symptoms displayed some criterion validity, they actually showed diagnostic specificity to major depression—not PTSD—and demonstrated virtually no incremental predictive power in the logistic regression analyses. Thus, these symptoms were neither specific to PTSD nor necessary in predicting the diagnosis.
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Rodrigo, Olivares-Caminal, Guynn Randall D, Kornberg Alan W, Paterson Sarah, and Singh Dalvinder. "Part I Corporate Debt Restructuring, 1 Insolvency in the UK and the US." In Debt Restructuring. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192848109.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 provides an overview of a comparative approach between the US and English models of financial restructuring. This chapter includes a brief summary of the duties of a company’s directors in promoting a restructuring in the US. Further, through synthesis of case law and statutes, Chapter 1 summarizes the state of the law in the US for fraudulent conveyances, preference actions, and safe harbours as they relate to certain financial transactions that occur prior to a restructuring. Similarly, it includes analysis of directors’ duties in distress in restructuring in the UK and of the UK transaction avoidance regime in a restructuring context.
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Mukherjee, Sovik. "How to Tax a Monopoly Platform in a Product Differentiation Set-Up?" In Handbook of Research on Strategic Fit and Design in Business Ecosystems, 616–39. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1125-1.ch027.
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The chapter models a monopoly platform with buyers on one side and sellers on the other. The platform charges some combination of a fixed membership fee and a variable usage fee from both the sides and the buyers are heterogeneous in terms of the per unit benefit they derive on the transaction of the product. In this digital era of IT-based business ecosystems, the big names in the digital business market have been accused of serious tax avoidance in countries where they operate. In this backdrop, the author introduces a baseline monopoly platform model for policy making purposes, incorporating both ad valorem and specific taxes on the buyers' side of the platform alone. But the results can be similarly interpreted for the seller side as well, without any loss of generality. The chapter gives us insights as to whether there is any cross-side externality working in the presence of product differentiation in standard monopoly platform models.
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Hakelberg, Lukas. "Power in International Tax Politics." In The Hypocritical Hegemon, 25–48. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748011.003.0002.
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This chapter develops a theory of power in international tax politics. This theory identifies market size and regulatory capacity as the decisive resources enabling governments to issue credible threats and inducements with a view toward making other governments do what they would not otherwise do. A lack of regulatory capacity explains why the European Union has not wielded the same power in negotiations over global tax policy as the United States despite the EU's similarly sized internal market. In fact, taxation remains an exclusive member state competence. Therefore, the European Commission has no administrative authority to impose penalties on third states or foreign firms not complying with tax good governance standards applicable within the union. At the same time, the principle of nondiscrimination enshrined in EU law prevents individual EU countries from passing sanctions against other member states abetting tax evasion and avoidance. Because of the lack of regulatory centralization in the EU, the US can act as a hegemon in international tax politics. Accordingly, US preferences determined by domestic politics decisively shape the content of global tax policy. The preferences of other governments merely affect the US administration's enforcement strategy.
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Craske, Michelle G., and David H. Barlow. "Introduction to the Program." In Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic, edited by Michelle G. Craske and David H. Barlow, 53–60. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197584057.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the introduction to the treatment program. The information presented in this initial stage of treatment is intended to clarify the purposes of the workbook and provide corrective information that assures clients that they are neither insane nor atypical and that there is a good chance of successful treatment. By describing the phenomenology of panic disorder and the particular clustering of symptoms that characterizes panic disorder, the therapist informs clients that they are not alone in their experiences. Similarly, the psychobiological conceptualization of panic is presented to demystify the experience of panic and provide a conceptual framework within which the treatment makes sense. At the same time, the psychobiological model introduces the notion that panic attacks themselves are not the main issue; more important is the anticipation of and behavioral avoidance of panic attacks. Given the physical sensations experienced during panic and anxiety, however, a medical or chemical explanation of panic attacks is often more credible to clients than is an explanation that takes into account psychological variables. In addition, a medical or chemical account may be perceived as less stigmatizing than a psychological account.
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Ehlers, Anke, Allison G. Harvey, and Richard A. Bryant. "Acute stress reactions." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 693–700. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0092.
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Exceptionally stressful life events can cause severe psychological symptoms, including anxiety, feelings of derealization and depersonalization, and hyperarousal. In one of the first studies to comprehensively document acute reactions to extreme stress, Lindemann observed that the symptoms reported by survivors of the Coconut Grove Fire included avoidance, re-experiencing scenes from the fire, reports of derealization, and the experience of anxiety when exposed to reminders of the event. Similarly, acute responses reported by soldiers who fought in the First and Second World Wars included re-experiencing symptoms and dissociative responses such as numbing, amnesia, and depersonalization. The International Classification of Diseases has recognized acute stress reactions since 1948 (ICD-6). In the most recent edition (ICD-10), early reactions to exceptionally stressful life events are diagnosed as acute stress reaction, one of the diagnoses in the section headed ‘reactions to severe stress, and adjustment disorders’. The diagnoses of acute stress reactions in ICD-10 and of acute stress disorder in DSM-IV have similarities in that they are caused by extreme stress and have some overlap in symptom patterns. They can be considered as two separate points on a continuum from transient to more enduring symptoms. However, there are also differences in the underlying concepts, as we will discuss in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Similarity avoidance"
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Liu, Xiongqing, and Yan Jin. "Design of Transfer Reinforcement Learning Under Low Task Similarity." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86013.
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In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning approach was implemented to achieve autonomous collision avoidance. A transfer reinforcement learning approach (TRL) was proposed by introducing two concepts: transfer belief — how much confidence the agent puts in the expert’s experience, and transfer period — how long the agent’s decision is influenced by the expert’s experience. Various case studies have been conducted on transfer from a simple task — single static obstacle, to a complex task — multiple dynamic obstacles. It is found that if two tasks have low similarity, it is better to decrease initial transfer belief and keep a relatively longer transfer period, in order to reduce negative transfer and boost learning. Student agent’s learning variance grows significantly if using too short transfer period.
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Wang, Xinrui, and Yan Jin. "Work Process Transfer Reinforcement Learning: Feature Extraction and Finetuning in Ship Collision Avoidance." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91145.
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Abstract The advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies has led to significant changes in work processes. The computer agents are applied to perform not only routine and repetitive jobs but also highly complex tasks such as driving a car and steering a ship. Given the sensory information of the environment, a reinforcement learning method has been applied for agents to learn how to perform complex tasks by trial and error through interactions with the environment. To overcome the issues such as limited and sparse training data, researchers are attempting to reuse the previously learned knowledge in new task situations. In this paper, we investigate how feature extraction and finetuning methods can be combined to allow computer agents to perform transfer reinforcement learning more effectively and efficiently in the context of ship collision avoidance. Taking a computer simulation-based empirical approach, we first develop a ship collision avoidance gameplay environment by introducing the own ship, target ships, and the base case and target cases. A deep neural network including four convolutional layers and three fully connected layers is devised for work process feature capturing through deep reinforcement learning. The case study results have shown that features do exist in work processes, and they can be captured and reused. The similarity between the source case and the target case is a key factor that determines how the feature extract and finetuning methods should be combined for effective task results and efficient learning processes.
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Mwaffo, Violet, Sachit Butail, and Maurizio Porfiri. "A Three Dimensional Model of Zebrafish Swimming." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9773.
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Zebrafish is becoming an important animal model in pre-clinical studies for its genetic similarity to humans and ease of use in the laboratory. In recent years, animal experimentation has faced several ethical issues, calling for alternative methods that capitalize on dynamical systems theory. Here, we propose a computational modeling framework to simulate zebrafish swimming in three dimensions (3D) in the form of a coupled system of stochastic differential equations. The model is capable of reproducing the burst-and-coast swimming style of zebrafish, speed modulation, and avoidance of tank boundaries. Model parameters are calibrated on an experimental dataset of zebrafish swimming in 3D and validated by comparing established behavioral measures obtained from both synthetic and experimental data. We show that the model is capable of accurately predicting fish locomotion in terms of the swimming speed and number of entries in different sections of the tank. The proposed model lays the foundations for in-silico experiments of zebrafish neurobehavioral research.
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Nikolic, Bozo, and Ljiljana Ruzic-Dimitrijevic. "Risk Assessment of Information Technology Systems." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3368.
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Risk assessment is a structured and systematic procedure, which is dependent upon the correct identification of hazards and an appropriate assessment of risks arising from them, with a view to making inter-risk comparisons for purposes of their control and avoidance. There are differences in the methodology used to conduct risk assessments. This paper presents some methodologies of risk management in the IT (information technology) area. In addition, a method of risk assessment created and applied by our expert team in this area is described. As there is a similarity between these methodologies, the paper presents the use of methods from the occupational health area in the IT area. All items in the risk assessment methodology for working environment and workplace are modified to IT as working environment and to an application as a workplace. In that way, the risk assessment process in the safety analysis of an IT system is carried out by an original method from the occupational health area.
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Kananithikorn, Nardthida, and Teenarat Songsaeng. "Pre-Drilled ECD Design by Using Fracture Pressure Model in Satun-Funan Fields, Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21368-ms.
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Abstract Lost circulation is the most common drilling issue for infill drilling projects in Satun-Funan Fields, South Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand (GOT). The depleted sand is possible to be a root cause in many wells based on observation from resistivity time-lapse separation in depleted sands or shale nearby. Therefore, the objective of this study is to estimate fracture pressure related to the depleted sand and design an appropriate Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) threshold for each well to avoid or minimize lost circulation and well control complication during drilling a new well. This study model is using Eaton (1969) equation. There are 3 input parameters which are Poisson's Ratio and pre-drilled estimated depletion pressure and depth. With limitations of no actual fracturing data and limited sonic log, the maximum ECD while lost circulation reading from Pressure While Drilling (PWD) tool and formation pressure test data were used to back-calculate for Poisson's Ratio and identified a relationship with depth. From the total of 68 wells in the Satun and Funan areas, the interpreted Poisson's Ratio ranges from 0.36 to 0.44 and its linear trend is apparently increasing with depth. To minimize the variation of back calculated Poisson's Ratio the local data become an important key for model validation and maintain the similarity of subsurface factors. This interpreted Poisson's ratio trend will be used to calculate for fracture pressure by incorporating with estimated depletion pressure and depth that expect to encounter in each planned well. The lowest fracture pressure in a planned well is used to prepare pre-drilled ECD management plan and a real-time well monitoring plan. Additionally, the model can be adjusted during the operational phase based on the new drilled well result. This alternative model was applied in 4 trial drilling projects in 2019 and fully implement in 6 drilling projects in 2020. The lost circulation can be prevented with value creation from expected gain reserves section is $57M and cost avoidance from non-productive time due to lost circulation is $3.4M. With an effort, good communication and great collaboration among cross-functional teams, the model success rate increases by 12%. However, there are some unexpected lost events occurred even though the maximum ECD lower than expected fracture pressure. This suspect as a combination of limitations and uncertainties on key input parameters and drilling parameters. In the future, the model is planned to expand to other gas fields in the Pattani Basin which will move to more infill phase and have higher chance of getting lost circulation to maximize benefits as the success case in Satun and Funan fields.
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Petrakopoulou, F., G. Tsatsaronis, T. Morosuk, and A. Carassai. "Advanced Exergoeconomic Analysis Applied to a Complex Energy Conversion System." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38555.
Full textAbstract:
Exergy-based analyses are important tools for studying and evaluating energy conversion systems. While conventional exergy-based analyses provide us with important information, further insight on the potential for improving plant components and the overall plant as well as on the interactions among components of energy conversion systems are significant when optimizing a system. This necessity led to the development of advanced exergy-based analyses, in which the exergy destruction, as well as the associated costs and environmental impact are split into avoidable/unavoidable and endogenous/exogenous parts. Based on the avoidable parts of the exergy destruction, costs and environmental impact, the potential for improvement and related strategies are revealed. This paper presents the application of an advanced exergoeconomic analysis to a combined cycle power plant. The largest parts of the unavoidable cost rates are calculated for the components constituting the gas turbine system and the low-pressure steam turbine. The combustion chamber has the second highest avoidable investment cost, while it has the highest avoidable cost of exergy destruction. In general, most of the investment costs are unavoidable, with the exception of some heat exchangers of the plant. Similarly, most of the cost of exergy destruction is unavoidable with the exception of the expander in the gas turbine system and the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure steam turbines. In general, the advanced exergoeconomic analysis reveals high endogenous values, which suggest improvement of the total plant by improving the design of the components primarily in isolation, and lower exogenous values, which suggest that the component interactions are of lower significance for this plant.
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Acar, Mustafa A., Steven W. Shaw, and Brian F. Feeny. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Flexible Rotating Shafts With Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorbers." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47889.
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We consider the nonlinear vibration response of rotating flexible shafts fitted with centrifugally driven pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVAs) that are used to address engine-order torsional vibrations. The model used to represent the behavior of the flexible shaft consists of two lumped inertial elements with an interconnecting stiffness element, which captures the rigid body and fundamental torsional vibration modes of the rotor. The absorbers are centrifugally driven pendulums fitted to a rotor element, such that their natural frequencies scale with the rotor speed, and can thus tuned to a given order of rotation. Previous analysis of a linearized version of this coupled rotor-absorber system revealed frequency veering behavior as the rotation speed varies, and showed that one can detune the absorber to eliminate key system resonances. In this paper the behavior of the system is analyzed for large absorber amplitudes using perturbation methods and numerical simulations. It is shown that the absorbers remain effective in reducing torsional vibration when moving through large amplitudes, and that the resonance avoidance is similarly robust. This has practical implications for the tuning of absorbers in certain applications.
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Sadjadi, Hossein, Omid Mohareri, Mohammad Amin Al-Jarrah, and Khaled Assaleh. "Design and Reconfiguration Algorithm of HexBot: A Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robotic System." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86451.
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This paper primarily addresses the design and implementation of a planar hexagonal Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robotic System (MSRRS) along with the construction of its reconfiguration path planner and control algorithm. A universal module is carefully designed to be in line with the common goals of MSRRS including homogeneity, cost-effectiveness, fast actuation and quick and strong connections. Although the implemented working prototype is both large and restricted to a planar geometry, it is designed such that its hardware and software can be scaled up in the number of units and down in unit size; similarly, the platform has the potential to be extended for 3D applications. The software infrastructure of this platform is designed in a way that different hierarchies for distributed control and communication can be implemented. The algorithmic design is based on a hierarchical multilayer approach, where upper layers decompose the problem into sub-problems solvable by lower layers. An optimal reconfiguration path planner is developed to minimize the number of module movements during the reconfiguration while enforcing collision avoidance and connectivity constraints in addition to taking into account the kinematic model of the platform. The core of the algorithm relies on a heuristic function and a Markov Decision Process (MDP) optimization to generate a near-optimal reconfiguration path planner and a control algorithm for HexBot shown in Figure 1, a lattice, homogenous, rigid, planar hexagonal MSRRS. Among several novel approaches incorporated in this system, multilayer nature of both hardware and software design provides openness, flexibility and ease of modification or adaptation for other platforms. In this approach each layer is dedicated to perform a specific task and can be modified or enhanced separately while keeping the remaining layers untouched.
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Roy Chowdhury, Ashabikash, Matthew Forshaw, Narender Atwal, Matthias Gatzen, Salman Habib, and Jonathan Afolabi. "Innovative Approach of Drilling Risk Identification and Mitigation Using Drilling Automation Services: Case Studies." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204723-ms.
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Abstract In the increasingly complex and cost sensitive drilling environment of today, data gathered using downhole and surface real-time sensor systems must work in unison with physics-based models to facilitate early indication of drilling hazards, allowing timely action and mitigation. Identification of opportunities for reduction of invisible lost time (ILT) is similarly critical. Many similar systems gather and analyze either surface or downhole data on a standalone basis but lack the integrated approach towards using the data in a holistic decision-making manner. These systems can either paint an incomplete picture of prevailing drilling conditions or fail to ensure system messages result in parameter changes at rigsite. This often results in a hit or miss approach in identification and mitigation of drilling problems. The automated software system architecture is described, detailing the physics-based models which are deployed in real-time consuming surface and downhole sensor data and outputting continuous, operationally relevant simulation results. Measured data from either surface, for torque & drag, or downhole for ECD & ESD is then automatically compared both for deviation of actual-to-plan, and for infringement of boundary conditions such as formation pressure regime. The system is also equipped to model off-bottom induced pressures; swab & surge, and dynamically advise on safe, but optimum tripping velocities for the operation at hand. This has dual benefits; both the avoidance of costly NPT associated with swab & surge, as well as being able to visually highlight running speed ILT. All processing applications are coupled with highly intuitive user interfaces. Three successful deployments all onshore in the Middle East are detailed. First a horizontal section where real-time model vs. actual automatic comparison of torque & drag samples, validated with PWD data allowed early identification of poor hole cleaning. Secondly, a vertical section where again the model vs. actual algorithmic automatically identified inadequate hole cleaning in a case where conventional human monitoring did not. Finally, a case is exhibited where real-time modelling of swab and surge, as well as intuitive visualization of the trip speeds within those boundary conditions led to a significant increase in average tripping speeds when compared to offset wells, reducing AFE for the operator. Common for all three deployments was an integrated well services approach, with a single service company providing the majority of services for well construction, as well as an overarching remote operations team who were primary users of the software solutions deployed.
Reports on the topic "Similarity avoidance"
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Hanna, Rema, Bridget Hoffmann, Paulina Oliva, and Jake Schneider. The Power of Perception: Limitations of Information in Reducing Air Pollution Exposure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003392.
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We conduct a randomized controlled trial in Mexico City to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for SMS air quality alerts and to study the effects of air quality alerts, reminders, and a reusable N95 mask on air pollution information and avoidance behavior. At baseline, we elicit WTP for the alerts service after revealing whether the household will receive an N95 mask and participant compensation, but before revealing whether they will receive alert or reminder services. While we observe no significant impact of mask provision on WTP, higher compensation increases WTP, suggesting a possible cash-on-hand constraint. The perception of high pollution days prior to the survey is positively correlated with WTP, but the presence of actual high pollution days is not correlated with WTP. Follow-up survey data demonstrate that the alerts treatment increases reporting of receiving air pollution information via SMS, a high pollution day in the past week, and staying indoors on the most recent perceived high pollution day. However, we observe no significant effect on the ability to correctly identify which specific days had high pollution. Similarly, households that received an N95 mask are more likely to report utilizing a mask with filter in the past two weeks, but we observe no effect on using a filter mask on the specific days with high particulate matter. Although we nd that air quality alerts increased the salience of air quality and avoidance behavior, these results illustrate the difficulty that information treatments face in overcoming perceptions to effectively reduce exposure to air pollution.