Academic literature on the topic 'Similar Place Avoidance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Similar Place Avoidance"
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Cándido, Antonio, Antonio Maldonado, Alicia Rodríguez, and Alberto Morales. "Successive Positive Contrast in One-Way Avoidance Learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55, no. 2b (April 2002): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990143000261.
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The main finding of these experiments was a positive contrast effect in one-way avoidance learning. Experiment 1 showed that increasing safety time during one-way avoidance training led to improved performance, surpassing that of a control group that had received the high reward (safe time) from the beginning of training. Experiment 2 showed that a similar positive contrast effect occurred when the time spent in the danger compartment before the onset of the warning signal was shortened. These results suggest that time spent in a safe context acts as a reinforcer of the avoidance response; however, its incentive value depends not only on its duration, but also on the length of the time spent in the danger compartment before the onset of the signal. Overall, results also suggest that the avoidance response is a mixture of flight (motivated by fear) and approach (to a safe place) behaviour. The specific weight of the flight or approach component may be a function of the time and the amount of activation of each emotional state (fear or relief) due to opponent homeostatic compensatory processes that occur in the danger and safe compartments during one-way avoidance learning.
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Iwabe, Risa, Kohei Koyama, and Riko Komamura. "Shade Avoidance and Light Foraging of a Clonal Woody Species, Pachysandra terminalis." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040809.
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(1) Background: A central subject in clonal plant ecology is to elucidate the mechanism by which clones forage resources in heterogeneous environments. Compared with studies conducted in laboratories or experimental gardens, studies on light foraging of forest woody clonal plants in their natural habitats are limited. (2) Methods: We investigated wild populations of an evergreen clonal understory shrub, Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc.), in two cool-temperate forests in Japan. (3) Results: Similar to the results of herbaceous clonal species, this species formed a dense stand in a relatively well-lit place, and a sparse stand in a shaded place. Higher specific rhizome length (i.e., length per unit mass) in shade resulted in lower ramet population density in shade. The individual leaf area, whole-ramet leaf area, or ramet height did not increase with increased light availability. The number of flower buds per flowering ramet increased as the canopy openness or population density increased. (4) Conclusions: Our results provide the first empirical evidence of shade avoidance and light foraging with morphological plasticity for a clonal woody species.
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Bradley, Travis G., and Jacob J. Adams. "Sonority distance and similarity avoidance effects in Moroccan Judeo-Spanish." Linguistics 56, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 1463–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0028.
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Abstract This article investigates consonant gemination in late Nineteenth- and early Twentieth-century haketía, a now moribund, regional dialect of Judeo-Spanish spoken in northern Morocco since the late fifteenth century. Some, but not all, consonant clusters arising across a word boundary undergo regressive total assimilation, e.g. [n.n] siudad ninguna ‘no city’ but [z.n] laz niñas ‘the girls’. We present novel descriptive generalizations to show that regressive gemination is sensitive to the degree of sonority distance between the coda and the onset. Evidence of parasitic harmony comes from lateral+consonant clusters, which undergo gemination only if the target and trigger consonants are already similar in some respect. In the framework of Optimality Theory, we formalize syllable contact as a relational hierarchy of *Distance constraints and capture parasitic harmony effects by similarity avoidance, or Obligatory Contour Principle, constraints against adjacent consonants with identical manner and/or place features. These markedness constraints interact with other universal faithfulness and markedness constraints in a language-specific ranking that predicts the attested patterns of regressive gemination. This study lends further support to sonority distance effects and gradient syllable contact in phonological theory and shows that similarity avoidance is also necessary to give a full account of regressive gemination in Moroccan Judeo-Spanish.
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Peeters, Hans-Peter. "Avoidance of Double Taxation and Its Interaction with European Triangular Arrangements." EC Tax Review 19, Issue 1 (February 1, 2010): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2010002.
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In this article, the authors discuss triangular situations similar to Saint-Gobain. The focus is on the interaction between double tax convention law and EC law. The position of the permanent establishment state, the residence state, and the source state will be studied. Central in this article Company X established in state R with a PE situated in state P that acts as a ‘recipient’ of passive income paid by company Y from state S. The authors conclude that, in the first place, state R has been designated to prevent double taxation by means of an exemption or a credit. Secondly, if state R uses the exemption method, the responsibility switches over to state P and state S together. Not only must state P (as a Member State) treat a PE as a resident for treaty application, but also state S (as a Member State) has this obligation if a remaining juridical double taxation is caused by neither state R nor state P. This conclusion is not negatively affected by Damseaux. Thirdly, if state R uses the credit method both for PE profits and for passive income, it is obliged to apply the credit method in accordance with both the R-P Double Tax Convention (DTC) and the R-S DTC. Then, there is no European obligation for state S to mitigate the source state taxation.
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Al-Dulaimi, Ashraf M. Zedan, and Fakhrul Adabi Abdul Kadir. "QUR’ANIC ILLUMINATIONS ABOUT EXTREMISM OF THOUGHT & THOUGHT OF EXTREMISM." Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2012): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-90000037.
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The presence of extremist thought or avoidance moderate thought in human life brought about natural outgrowths of extremes of human thought. Recent studies proved that extremism is a social disease. This article attempts to shed the light of Qur’anic illuminations upon the subject as much as possible in order to indicate Qur’anic perspective of extremism. Thus, a comprehensive and rigorous study has to take place very carefully, professionally and objectively to determine the features of this disease, which may vary from an environment to another possible similar name. Today, extremism of thought or vice versa is a controversial issue among the societies which it has an impact on the human life. Hereby, this Arabic study is going to evaluate the extremism of thought and thought of extremism from a Qur’anic perspective.
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Nikitina, Tatiana. "At the intersection of synchrony and diachrony: A phonotactic analysis of the lexicon of Wan." Language in Africa 3, no. 2 (July 23, 2022): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-2-196-211.
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This study explores the phonotactics of Wan (Mande, Côte d’Ivoire) using an extended version of the lexical statistical method introduced in Pozdniakov & Segerer (2007). A lexical dataset was prepared for analysis based on nouns and verbs extracted from a dictionary. Disyllabic nouns and verbs were analyzed for correlations between the initial and the intervocalic consonant and for correlations between the two vowels. The analysis has confirmed the Similar Place Avoidance generalization proposed as a universal by Pozdniakov & Segerer. It has also revealed significant correlations between the two vowels on two parameters: in height, and in backness. Initial syllables of all nouns and verbs were analyzed for correlations between consonants and vowels and correlations between consonants and tone. The consonant’s place of articulation has been revealed to correlate with the vowel’s backness, and the consonant’s voicing has been revealed to correlate with the vowel’s tone. The results suggest that Pozdniakov & Segerer’s method can be useful not only when applied to a typological sample but also in the study of phonotatics of individual languages. The specific findings can potentially shed light on the history of Wan and related languages.
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Bates, Larry W., Richard A. Hudiburg, Elizabeth P. Lauderdale, and Joseph R. Castillo. "Reactions of Religious Fundamentalists to Taboo Images and Words." Psychological Reports 113, no. 1 (August 2013): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/17.07.pr0.113x15z2.
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Some view religious fundamentalism as inclusive of fear of the world as a dangerous place. Fundamentalists are known to have extensive taboo lists, but research concerning their reactions to taboo stimuli is sparse. If fear is a basic component of fundamentalism, then reactions to taboo stimuli should be somewhat similar to common fear reactions, including subjective appraisal of discomfort, psychophysiological arousal, cognitive interference, and behavioral avoidance. The current research addressed some of these questions with three studies to examine subjective discomfort to religiously-taboo and religiously-neutral words and photographs ( N = 160), physiological arousal to these same photographs ( N = 129), and attentional bias on a modified Stroop test of these same words ( N = 182). Although subjective appraisals of discomfort to taboo words and photographs among fundamentalists were confirmed, this research did not find that physiological responses or cognitive interference to taboo stimuli were elevated in those scoring high in religious fundamentalism.
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Laland, K. N., N. Atton, and M. M. Webster. "From fish to fashion: experimental and theoretical insights into the evolution of culture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0328.
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Recent years have witnessed a re-evaluation of the cognitive capabilities of fishes, including with respect to social learning. Indeed, some of the best experimental evidence for animal traditions can be found in fishes. Laboratory experimental studies reveal that many fishes acquire dietary, food site and mating preferences, predator recognition and avoidance behaviour, and learn pathways, through copying 1 other fishes. Concentrating on foraging behaviour, we will present the findings of laboratory experiments that reveal social learning, behavioural innovation, the diffusion of novel behaviour through populations and traditional use of food sites. Further studies reveal surprisingly complex social learning strategies deployed by sticklebacks. We will go on to place these observations of fish in a phylogenetic context, describing in which respects the learning and traditionality of fish are similar to, and differ from, that observed in other animals. We end by drawing on theoretical insights to suggest processes that may have played important roles in the evolution of the human cultural capability.
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Bellamy, Gary, Jennifer Stock, and Patricia Schofield. "Acceptability of Paper-Based Advance Care Planning (ACP) to Inform End-of-Life Care Provision for Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Qualitative Interview Study." Geriatrics 3, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3040088.
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This paper reports the findings from a study to investigate health care professionals’ views regarding the use and acceptability of two similar paper-based advance care planning (ACP) documents designed for older adults in their last year of life to inform end-of-life care provision. Participants’ views of using PEACE (Proactive Elderly Persons Advisory Care), a nurse led model with community geriatrician oversight, and PACe (proactive anticipatory care plan), a general practitioner (GP) led model implemented by two clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) as part of a wider pilot to determine their ability to improve end-of-life care provision, were explored. Hospital admission avoidance matrons took part in face to face interviews and care staff employed in private residential care homes took part in individual telephone interviews to explore their views of using the PEACE tool. Telephone interviews were conducted with GPs to explore their views of PACe. GPs and admission avoidance matrons were employed by CCGs and all study participants were recruited from the South East of England, where data collection took place in 2015. The data were analysed thematically. Findings from the study demonstrate how both tools provide a focus to ACP discussions to inform individual end-of-life care preferences. The importance of relationships was a pivotal theme established, trusting inter-professional relationships to enable multidisciplinary teamwork and a prior relationship with the older person (or their proxy in the case of cognitive impairment) to enable such conversations in the first place. Both tools enabled participants to think critically and reflect on their own practice. Notwithstanding participants’ views to improve their layout, using a paper-based approach to deliver streamlined ACP and end-of-life care was a theme to emerge as a potential barrier, and highlighted problems with accessing paper-based documentation, accuracy and care co-ordination in the context of multidisciplinary team working. The value of technology in overcoming this barrier and underpinning ACP as a means to help simplify service provision, promote integrated professional practice and provide seamless care, was put forward as a way forward.
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Spasov, Alexander A., Edwin E. Zvartau, Olesya Iu Grechko, Natalya V. Eliseeva, Yuliya V. Semenova, Olga A. Dravolina, Pavel M. Vasiliev, and Vera A. Anisimova. "Study of aversive and p38 mapk-inhibitory properties of kappa-agonist with analgesic activity – compound RU-1205." Research Results in Pharmacology 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.54558.
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Introduction: The clinical use of kappa-opioid agonists, despite their lack of significant drug potential, is limited by the development of severe sedation, dysphoria, depression, and anhedonia. To this date, there are kappa-opioid receptor agonists lacking these side effects due to the selective activation of intracellular signal transmission pathways without p38-MAPK-kinase activation. Materials and methods: We analyzed assessment of the docking energy of compound RU-1205 to the p38-MAPK active center by the method of similarity to SB203580. The study of possible aversive properties of RU-1205 (0.01–1 mg/kg s.c.) conducted in the tests of the intravenous self-administration and drug differentiation with butorphanol (0.01–0.3 mg/kg). The study of p38 MAPK-inhibitory activity was studied by the ability of RU-1205 to change the aversive properties of U50488 (10 mg/kg i.p.) compared to MAPK-kinase inhibitor SB203580 in the conditioned place avoidance test. Results: The spatial similarity coefficient of the RU-1205 molecule with SB203580 by the molecular conformation method was 1.14 (high similarity), and the docking energy was -8.7 Kcal/mol. RU-1205 did not possess any properties similar to those of butorphanol and did not demonstrate any primary reinforcing aversive properties in the development of intravenous self-administration reaction. Compound RU-1205 did not demonstrate any aversive properties in the conditioned place avoidance test, and reduced the development of aversion caused by U-50488, when they were used together. Discussion: The in silico analysis suggested that, in addition to agonism towards the kappa-opioid receptor, RU-1205 compound exhibits the properties of a p38 MAPK kinase inhibitor, which means it may have a double pharmacological activity. Conclusion: Kappa agonist – compound RU-1205 – is not a trigger of the development of behavioral patterns in animals corresponding to the development of addiction/dysphoria. The mechanism of such an activity may be associated with an inhibitory effect of compound RU-1205 on neuronal p38-MAPK-kinase.
Book chapters on the topic "Similar Place Avoidance"
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Bonabeau, Eric, Marco Dorigo, and Guy Theraulaz. "Cemetery Organization, Brood Sorting, Data Analysis, and Graph Partitioning." In Swarm Intelligence. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131581.003.0008.
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In the previous two chapters, foraging and division of labor were shown to be useful metaphors to design optimization and resource allocation algrithms. In this chapter, we will see that the clustering and sorting behavior of ants has stimulated researchers to design new algorithms for data analysis and graph partitioning. Several species of ants cluster corpses to form a “cemetery,” or sort their larvae into several piles. This behavior is still not fully understood, but a simple model, in which agents move randomly in space and pick up and deposit items on the basis of local information, may account for some of the characteristic features of clustering and sorting in ants. The model can also be applied to data analysis and graph partitioning: objects with different attributes or the nodes of a graph can be considered items to be sorted. Objects placed next to each other by the sorting algorithm have similar attributes, and nodes placed next each other by the sorting algorithm are tightly connected in the graph. The sorting algorithm takes place in a two-dimensional space, thereby offering a low-dimensional representation of the objects or of the graph. Distributed clustering, and more recently sorting, by a swarm of robots have served as benchmarks for swarm-based robotics. In all cases, the robots exhibit extremely simple behavior, act on the basis of purely local information, and communicate indirectly except for collision avoidance. In several species of ants, workers have been reported to form piles of corpses— literally cemeteries—to clean up their nests. Chretien [72] has performed experiments with the ant Lasius niger to study the organization of cemeteries. Other experiments on the ant Pheidole pallidula are also reported in Deneubourg et al. [88], and many species actually organize a cemetery. Figure 4.1 shows the dynamics of cemetery organization in another ant, Messor sancta. If corpses, or, more precisely, sufficiently large parts of corposes are randomly distributed in space at the beginning of the experiment, the workers form cemetery clusters within a few hours.
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Mittal, Madhukar, and Vanishri Ganakumar. "Graves Disease in Childhood." In Graves' Disease. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97569.
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Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R), resulting in stimulation of thyroid gland and overproduction of thyroid hormones resulting in clinical manifestations. It is uncommon in children and is 6 times more prevalent in females. The symptomatology, clinical and biochemical severity are a function of age of onset of disease. Prepubertal children tend to present with weight loss and bowel frequency, associated with accelerated growth and bone maturation. Older children are more likely to present with the classical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis like palpitations, tremors and heat intolerance. Prepubertal children tend to have a more severe disease, longer duration of complaints and higher thyroid hormone levels at presentation than the pubertal and postpubertal children. The non-specificity of some of the symptoms in pediatric age group can lead to children being initially seen by other specialities before being referred to endocrinology. Management issues are decided based on patient’s priorities and shared decision making between patient and treating physician. Radioactive Iodine Ablation is preferred when there is relatively higher value placed on Definitive control of hyperthyroidism, Avoidance of surgery, and potential side effects of ATDs. Similarly Antithyroid drugs are chosen when a relatively higher value is placed on possibility of remission and avoidance of lifelong thyroid hormone treatment, Avoidance of surgery, Avoidance of exposure to radioactivity. Surgery is preferred when access to a high-volume thyroid surgeon is available and a relatively higher value is on prompt and definitive control of hyperthyroidism, avoidance of exposure to radioactivity and avoidance of potential side effects of ATDs. Continental differences with regards to management do exist; radio-iodine ablation being preferred in North America while Anti-thyroid drug treatment remains the initial standard care in Europe.
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Neelima, S., and G. Siva Sankar. "An Efficient and Reliable Data Dissemination Among Autonomous Cars Through Cluster Based Relaying in VANETS." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221298.
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With a lot of advancement in technology, there is an improvement in transportation so as to make the humans comfortable with driving. The idea behind this is the development of Autonomous cars also called as Self driving cars in which driving is similar to humans. The challenges faced in the Autonomous cars are to provide cooperative driving among themselves and collision avoidance between neighbor cars. The Autonomous cars communicate and gather the road information from the Road Side Units (RSU) that is placed along the road. Hence in this paper an efficient data dissemination model is proposed such that instead of making each and every car to communicate with the RSU’s which increases the travel time the autonomous cars moving on the road are formed as clusters based on certain distance limit and the car which is nearer to the RSU is identified as Cluster head. The Cluster head gathers the information from RSU and relays the information to all the other cars in its cluster. As the road information is broadcasted to all the other cars by the cluster head data dissemination becomes faster and travel time of the vehicles can also be reduced to a greater extent. The Cluster head apart from relaying the information of RSU’s can also transmit the information of object detection and traffic signal information to other cars in the cluster.
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Fedele, Francesco G. "Life and Death of Copper Age Monoliths at Ossimo Anvòia (Val Camonica, Italian Central Alps), 3000 BC–AD 1950." In The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0019.
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During the third millennium BC a widespread Copper Age ideology manifested itself within and around the Alps in ceremonial sites prominently marked by standing monoliths or orthostats (‘statuemenhirs’). The twin valleys of Valtellina and Val Camonica in Alpine Lombardy provide some of the richest inventories of this ideology. The apparent avoidance of anthropomorphism in the Central Alpine monoliths makes them distinct from those of other areas in the Alps and beyond. Combined with an ignorance or neglect of archaeological context (Fedele 2012), this was a reason why the age of the monoliths long remained problematic. From this shared trait and other inter-valley similarities one can envisage a particular ‘Camunian’ province, this adjective being derived from the Augustan name for the Val Camonica polity, the Camunni. In this province the first statue-menhirs were discovered between 1940 and 1953 and in the adjacent Adige Basin to the east similar monuments had already been known since the late 1800s, although only published from 1925 (Menghin 1925; Pedrotti 1996). However, not until the finding and excavation in 1988 of the site discussed in this article, Anvòia, did anyone think that statue-menhirs and associated sites could have a ‘life’ beyond their original time frame: this latter being the Iron Age, as it was initially thought, or the Copper Age as we know now. The occurrence of whole or partial prehistoric monoliths in re-employed conditions—as roadside blocks; in vineyard walls—was considered banal and thus unimportant in archaeological or historical terms. Anvòia initially, and by the late 1990s two other monolith sites in the Val Camonica, Cemmo and Ossimo Pat, suggested instead that an appraisal of the vicissitudes of statue-menhirs after the Copper Age would be of great interest. The case-study presented here provides a demonstration of such possibilities. To avoid the plethora of designations, the general term ‘monolith’ will be used to indicate any kind of individually placed stone of relatively large size, often upright.
Conference papers on the topic "Similar Place Avoidance"
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Srivastava, Abhishek, Bernd Lamberts, Ning Li, and Bernhard Knigge. "Ranking of Thermal Asperity (TA) Interaction During Seeking Under Various Fly-Height Conditions." In ASME 2020 29th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2020-1962.
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Abstract HDD heads have various interaction mechanisms with thermal asperities (TAs), and protection mechanisms need to be put in place to ensure the head-disk interaction (HDI) resulting from them is eliminated or minimized to the highest extent possible. It is straightforward to not allow the head sit-on-track on cylinders that have such TAs on them, and the same principle can be extended to so-called high TAs (HTAs), whose height is more than the fly height of the head, so heads do not inadvertently interact with the TA even when motion is triggered on another head, since the entire head stack moves together. Similar TA interactions also occur when the head seeks across the tracks. Typical short seeks have thermal fly-height control (TFC) turned on while it is turned on during long seeks, which is greater than a few hundred tracks. Heads can also interact with TAs during retract and arrival of the head during such long seeks. Finally, background media scan (BGMS), which is an industry standard, when the drive enters an idle state. Interaction with HTAs can also occur when the drive enters such a state. Typical seek avoidance attempts to eliminate TA interaction during seeking, however it is not straightforward to determine which of the seek mechanism: TFC On during short seeks, retract/arrival during long seeks, HTA interaction during long seeks with TFC off, or idle TA interaction causes the greatest HDI. Through theoretical analysis and experimental corroboration, this paper intends to rank the various modes of TA interaction, so by developing features for eliminating or minimizing them in that order could help bring the maximum benefit for achieving minimum lifetime reduction of the head due to such interaction.
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Jermolajeva, Jelena, Svetlana Silchenkova, and Larissa Turusheva. "Peculiarities of the First Year University Students’ Motivation for Learning in Samples of Riga and Smolensk." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.009.
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The demand for tertiary education among young people is growing worldwide. However, in the first months of the studies, freshmen face increasing difficulties, which sometimes negatively affect their learning motivation. For the successful pedagogical process, teachers need to study the motivation of students of the first study year, monitor it and take into account its peculiarities while developing learning materials and choosing educational strategies. The article presents the results of an international study of freshmen’s motivation. The study aim to compare the motivation of the first-year students at the universities of Riga and Smolensk, to identify prevailing motives and to assess the impact of the psychological atmosphere in the student group on their motivation. In the survey carried out in December 2019, 129 students from two universities in Riga (Latvia) and Smolensk (Russia) participated. The tools for collecting information were the technique of diagnostics of learning motivation by 7 content scales and the technique of measuring the psychological climate in the collective by 10 bipolar scales. For data processing, descriptive statistics, analysis of statistical indicators, and Spearman correlation analysis were used. In both national samples, professional motives for learning prevail over other motives, while prestige motives and avoidance motives take the penultimate and last place relatively. The importance of other groups of learning motives is assessed somewhat differently. For the Smolensk sample of students it was found out that their motivation to learn depends on the psychological atmosphere in the group, especially on the overall atmosphere of success in the group. However a similar correlation has not been revealed in the survey of the Riga sample of students. The study shows that a few months after the start of studying, the first-year students’ overall motivation has not dropped below the critical level. However, for more successful training, it could and should be improved. Some ways to increase freshmen’s motivation for learning are proposed in the article.