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Journal articles on the topic 'Silviculture'
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1
Wang, Sen, Bill Wilson, and G. C. van Kooten. "Silvicultural contracting in British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74899-6.
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Over the past eight decades, British Columbia's silvicultural programs have gone through three stages: initiation, establishment and development. For a long time, silviculture was a minor activity associated with timber harvesting, and the formation of silviculture as a distinct sector did not take place until the late 1960s. Shifts in societal values and changes in public expectations concerning forest management contributed to changes in B.C.'s forestry institutions that, in turn, altered the structure of silviculture programs. Especially since the 1980s, expansion in the scope and scale of silvicultural activities transformed contractual relationships. This paper profiles the contractual structure of B.C.'s silviculture sector. Results of a survey of contractors indicate that seed orchards, forest nurseries and companies holding timber tenures on public land economize on transaction costs by choosing appropriate organizational and contractual forms in accordance with identifiable attributes of silvicultural activities and firms' characteristics. Key words: silviculture, contractual forms, transaction cost, payment schemes
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Carvalho, João Paulo Fidalgo. "As Bases e o Desenvolvimento da Silvicultura – Ao Encontro da Sustentabilidade." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp222-237.
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ResumoSão apresentados aspetos históricos relacionados com o desenvolvimento da Silvicultura, como área de saber e profissional, na Europa e em Portugal, procurando mostrar as necessidades e motivações subjacentes em diferentes momentos, bem como, as principais tendências e bases de conhecimento. É tratado o enquadramento histórico da silvicultura, permitindo uma melhor compreensão acerca dos seus princípios, formas de intervenção e desenvolvimentos com vista à sua contribuição para a sustentabilidade. Palavras-chave: silvicultura, história, ciência, ensino Abstract Backgrounds and development of silviculture - The pursuit of sustainability. Historical issues related to the foundations and development of the Silviculture are presented. Different motivations and needs related to the management of woods and natural resources created the basis for a professional activity, with scientific and technical developments into a new area of knowledge. The historical view provides a better understanding of the principles and interventions of silviculture and its contribution to sustainability. Keywords: silviculture, history, science, education
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MacLean, David A. "Silvicultural approaches to integrated insect management: The Green Plan Silvicultural Insect Management Network." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72367-4.
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This issue contains a series of seven papers related to the development of silvicultural approaches to integrated pest management. This paper presents a brief introduction to the role of silviculture as a component of Integrated Forest Pest Management, and describes the Silvicultural Insect Management network. Key words: silviculture, Integrated Pest Management, spruce budworm, white pine weevil, spruce budmoth
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Lautenschlager, R. A. "Can intensive silviculture contribute to sustainable forest management in northern ecosystems?" Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76283-2.
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In the midst of changing social, ecological, and technical realities, interest in intensive silviculture has resurfaced. Intensive silviculture could build on previous silvicultural approaches, simply intensifying use of the treatments or treatment combinations identified in this paper to increase timber production, but the costs and benefits for specific treatments or treatment combinations remains unclear. Or intensive silviculture could be based on new thinking, refocusing so that increasing amounts of fibre are produced on dramatically younger, agricultural-like fibre farms located in areas that have the longest possible growing season. If fibre farming, using either natural or artificial regeneration, becomes increasingly more important, emphasis will start to be placed as much on equipment and integration of fibre production with manufacturer needs as on previously standard silvicultural treatments. Regardless of the form taken, some reject the suggested advantages of intensive silviculture, recommending instead a knowledge-intensive integrated approach or a combination of approaches. Although integrated landscape management is increasingly becoming the foundation for forest management, silvicultural direction remains unclear. Silviculturalists and managers will reap rewards by increasing silvicultural intensity only if their plans are scientifically based and socially acceptable. Before reasonable silvicultural directions can be developed, responsible parties need to frame and agree on the most realistic approaches that address both social and ecological concerns. Calls for increased silvicultural intensity are based on the recognition that status quo management could result in increasing fibre imports to satisfy local producer and consumer needs. Still, much of our naturally less productive northern forested land base seems far from ripe for increasing silvicultural intensity dramatically. Even so, those who continue status quo forest management solely may become increasingly less competitive. In an increasingly interdependent world market-based economy it is unclear whether intensive silviculture in northern ecosystems can be competitive with production in other parts of the world. Key words: economics, fibre production, forest management, integrated landscape management, intensive silviculture, social concerns, sustainable forest management
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Pearse, Peter H. "Obstacles to Silviculture in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61091-2.
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As the source of raw material for Canada's forest industry shifts from the frontier of original timber to managed crops, the policy framework influencing investments in silviculture assumes critical importance. Opportunities for economically beneficial silviculture are probably substantial, but policy makers have been provided with surprisingly little evidence of the kind they need to allocate budgets appropriately. Moreover, governments have created serious obstacles to silviculture through property tax systems that generate disincentives to forest enhancement, through forest tenure arrangements that are insecure or dampen regional timber markets, and through regulations that impede or distort silvicultural effort. Removal of these obstacles, and provision of information and guidance about silvicultural opportunities, would give considerable stimulus to improved forest management in Canada and undoubtedly at less cost than new governmental silvicultural programs. Key words: forest policy economic opportunities, incentives and obstacles for forestry, silvicultural investments, forest regulations.
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Thompson, William A., and Gordon F. Weetman. "Decision support systems for silviculture planning in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 3 (June 1, 1995): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71291-3.
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An attempt is made to identify presently available Decision Support Systems (DSS) for silviculture planning and operations. Recent sources of technical information are also identified. Based on telephone interviews, the use of and needs for silviculture DSS are outlined for eight of Canada's Model Forests. Recommendations are made for further development of DSS for Canadian silviculture. Key words: decision support systems, expert systems, silvicultural planning
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Spathelf, Peter. "Seminatural silviculture in Southwest Germany." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73715-6.
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A brief historical overview shows the mainstream development pattern in German silviculture and outlines the adjacent role of naturally-oriented silviculture. The rationale for seminatural silviculture is discussed with reference to its ecological and economical aspects. Elements of seminatural silviculture of the Baden-Württemberg-concept are introduced. This concept is not purely a preservation strategy, but recognises the importance of timber production. Some aspects of selection forests, such as the special case of uneven-aged forests with a long tradition in Southwest Germany, are mentioned. As there are still a lot of even-aged (pure) forests in Southwest Germany, transformation strategies towards uneven-aged mixed forests are shown with the aid of some examples.Criteria and indicators for seminatural silviculture which have to be developed on a regional or local scale, can be used as a basis for establishing a certification process for Southwest German forests. Seminatural silviculture is suited as a rational and integrating silvicultural system to fulfil future requirements on forests in a dynamically changing world. Key words: seminatural silviculture, selection forests, transformation strategies, indicators of seminatural silviculture
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Achim, Alexis, Guillaume Moreau, Nicholas C. Coops, Jodi N. Axelson, Julie Barrette, Steve Bédard, Kenneth E. Byrne, et al. "The changing culture of silviculture." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 95, no. 2 (November 13, 2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab047.
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Abstract Changing climates are altering the structural and functional components of forest ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. Simultaneously, we are seeing a diversification of public expectations on the broader sustainable use of forest resources beyond timber production. As a result, the science and art of silviculture needs to adapt to these changing realities. In this piece, we argue that silviculturists are gradually shifting from the application of empirically derived silvicultural scenarios to new sets of approaches, methods and practices, a process that calls for broadening our conception of silviculture as a scientific discipline. We propose a holistic view of silviculture revolving around three key themes: observe, anticipate and adapt. In observe, we present how recent advances in remote sensing now enable silviculturists to observe forest structural, compositional and functional attributes in near-real-time, which in turn facilitates the deployment of efficient, targeted silvicultural measures in practice that are adapted to rapidly changing constraints. In anticipate, we highlight the importance of developing state-of-the-art models designed to take into account the effects of changing environmental conditions on forest growth and dynamics. In adapt, we discuss the need to provide spatially explicit guidance for the implementation of adaptive silvicultural actions that are efficient, cost-effective and socially acceptable. We conclude by presenting key steps towards the development of new tools and practical knowledge that will ensure meeting societal demands in rapidly changing environmental conditions. We classify these actions into three main categories: re-examining existing silvicultural trials to identify key stand attributes associated with the resistance and resilience of forests to multiple stressors, developing technological workflows and infrastructures to allow for continuous forest inventory updating frameworks, and implementing bold, innovative silvicultural trials in consultation with the relevant communities where a range of adaptive silvicultural strategies are tested. In this holistic perspective, silviculture can be defined as the science of observing forest condition and anticipating its development to apply tending and regeneration treatments adapted to a multiplicity of desired outcomes in rapidly changing realities.
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Park, Andrew, and Edward R. Wilson. "Beautiful Plantations: can intensive silviculture help Canada to fulfill ecological and timber production objectives?" Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 825–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83825-6.
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There is growing international agreement that intensive silviculture will play a major role in meeting future demand for wood and wood fibre worldwide. In Canada, however, extensive forest management continues to be the dominant paradigm. Driven by low growth rates in primary forests and the consequent long rotations, current policies support only basic management, with little or no silvicultural intervention between stand initiation and final harvests. By contrast, native conifers and hybrid poplars (Populus spp.) grown in plantations have been shown to achieve increments of 6 to 29 m3 ha-1 yr-1 in Canada. In this paper, we argue that increased production, economic, and environmental benefits can be realized in Canada by intensifying silvicultural practices over designated parts of the landbase. Indeed, the shift to intensive management may be essential to sustain Canada’s competitiveness in the international forest products sector. In reviewing past work, we demonstrate that intensive silviculture may yield outputs that are competitive with many other regions, even those in the tropics. Achieving wide support for intensive silviculture will require integration of a broader range of silvicultural, environmental, and social objectives into management planning than has traditionally been the case. Such a broad-based strategy, especially where it has gained the support of communities, may be the most balanced and effective means of resolving many of the key forest management issues that face Canada in the 21st Century. Key words: conventional intensive silviculture, super-intensive silviculture, plantations, foreign competition, multiple-use forests, native conifers, roads, CO2 emissions, incentive
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Spathelf, Peter, and Irene Seling. "Silvicultura seminatural na região sudoeste da Alemanha." Ciência Florestal 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/19805098489.
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Um breve histórico mostra o desenvolvimento geral da silvicultura alemã e menciona o desenvolvimento acessório da silvicultura seminatural (seminatural silviculture, naturally-oriented silviculture). As motivações, para a silvicultura seminatural são discutidas com referência a seus aspectos ecológicos e econômicos. Os elementos da silvicultura seminatural do estado de Baden-Württemberg são apresentados. O conceito em si não é uma estratégia de preservação, mas visa também à produção de madeira. Alguns aspectos de florestas jardinadas, como o bem-conhecido "Plenterwald", com sua longa tradição na Floresta Negra, são discutidos. Como ainda há muitos povoamentos puros no sudoeste da Alemanha, estratégias de conversão desses povoamentos em povoamentos mistos inequiâneos são mostrados, utilizando alguns exemplos. Critérios e indicadores de silvicultura seminatural, que são desenvolvidos por regiões ou sítios, podem ser utilizados para estabelecer um processo de certificação de madeira de florestas. A silvicultura seminatural é considerada como sistema adequado e racional para cumprir necessidades futuras das florestas num mundo que muda rapidamente.
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Zingg, Andreas. "Ertragskunde – Waldbau auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage: Plädoyer für einen akademisch abgestützten Waldbau | Profitability – Scientifically based silviculture. Plea for academically supported silviculture." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0510.
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Silviculture is under pressure, as are other areas of applied science. Central specialist forest sciences, such as silviculture,growth and yield or forestry establishments etc., are losing ground due to the division made between basic and applied research and quickly losing their importance in the university landscape. It is only in the German-speaking countries that silviculture and growth and yield are two separate specialist areas and thus not taught in combination with one another. Growth and yield is a scientific basis of silviculture. In its widest sense, siliviculture is a system and can be viewed as a standard circle of diverse activities, each of which has its own scientific problems. Silviculture is an important area of research that is struggling to maintain its hold in today's rapidly changing research landscape–above all because this discipline calls for long-term research. Only long-term silvicultural research will furnish a quantifiable and objective foundation for a modern,ecologically oriented management of the forest.
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Bell, F. Wayne, John Parton, Neil Stocker, Dennis Joyce, Doug Reid, Monique Wester, Al Stinson, Gordon Kayahara, and Bill Towill. "Developing a silvicultural framework and definitions for use in forest management planning and practice." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84678-5.
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Lack of a management framework on which to base silviculture options has plagued the forest management planning process in Ontario. The Forest Management Planning Manual for Ontario’s Crown Forests directs that strategic silvicultural options be developed and identified in terms of the (i) applicable forest unit, (ii) associated assumptions, and (iii) extent to which they can be used on a forest management unit. In this paper, we describe a framework for classifying management (or silviculture) intensity and propose definitions for extensive, basic, intensive, and elite intensities of silviculture to support the framework’s use in planning and application. We outline how the Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership, a research partnership between Tembec Inc., the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Natural Resources Canada, is considering applying these in the forest management planning process. The framework and definitions can be used to develop strategic silviculture options within an active adaptive management approach. This framework should help to reduce uncertainties associated with forest development, treatment costs, response to treatments, and success rates provided appropriate monitoring. The framework and definitions described were specifically developed for silviculture related to reforestation of even-aged boreal forests. Key words: intensive silviculture, adaptive management, forest management
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Remeš, Jiří. "Development and Present State of Close-to-Nature Silviculture." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0010.
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Abstract Close to nature silviculture is an alternative to a forest management system based on the clear cutting regeneration and cultivation of even-aged coniferous monocultures. The history of close to nature silviculture dates back to the second half of the 19th century, when the first attempts were made in Central Europe for more sophisticated silvicultural practices based on natural small-scale regeneration and management of mixed stands. These activities also affected the Czech lands, where the ideas of close to nature silviculture were successfully developed by the end of the 1960s. For the next twenty years, however, under the influence of central planning, forest management has been inclined towards large-scale clear cutting system. The renaissance of close to nature forest management took place only after 1989. At present, close to nature silviculture being established not only in Central Europe, but also more and more in the boreal part of Europe as well as in North America. Currently, there is a discussion about suitability of close-to-nature silviculture for adapting temperate forests to climate change.
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Gonçalves, Ana Cristina. "Models of Silviculture for Portuguese Species: Old and New Guidelines." Silva Lusitana 30, no. 1 (2022): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/silu/20223001017.
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Models of silviculture are used for the selection and scheduling of the silvicultural practices from installation to the end of the production cycle. Most of the published models of silviculture are for even aged stands. Those for mixed and uneven aged stands are scarce. The goal of this study was the development of models of silviculture for Portuguese species; with examples for Pinus pinea, Quercus suber Quercus rotundifolia, Pinus pinaster and Castanea sativa. Five stand structures were considered (pure even aged, mixed even aged, temporary mixed even aged, pure uneven aged and mixed uneven aged). For mixed stands were considered two species admixtures and for uneven aged 2, 3 and 4 cohorts. The local level models of silviculture developed in this study are conceptual frameworks where guidelines can be derived to define the model of silviculture for a stand, including target stand structure and production cycle, according to management goals, species and site. Overall, it was intended to stress the importance of defining models of silviculture that are flexible to accommodate a wide range of management options and that should be dynamic in space and time. These models cannot be used directly but have to be adapted to each stand.
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Piqué-Nicolau, Míriam, Miren Del Río, Rafael Calama, and Gregorio Montero. "Modelling silviculture alternatives for managing Pinus pinea L." Forest Systems 20, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2011201-8464.
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A yield model was developed to simulate silviculture alternatives for Pinus pinea L. in north-east Spain (Catalonia). The model uses several functions to estimate the main silvicultural parameters at stand level and a disaggregation system to predict diameter distributions. From a network of 75 temporary plots a system of equations to predict stand variables was simultaneously fitted for two stand density types, namely low and high density stands, using the threestage least-squares method (3SLS). The diameter distributions were estimated by the Weibull distribution function using the parameter recovery method (PRM) and the method of moments. Based on this yield model, two silviculture alternatives were simulated for each stand density type and site class, resulting in 16 silviculture scenarios. The yield model and silviculture alternatives offer a management tool and a guide for the sustainable forest management of evenaged Pinus pinea forests in this region.
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Schmid, Ueli, Nicolas Bircher, and Harald Bugmann. "Naturnaher und multifunktionaler Waldbau in Zeiten des Klimawandels – eine Fallstudie." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0314.
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“Close-to-nature” and multifunctional silviculture in times of climate change – a case study The available assessments of the impacts of the expected climate change on the dynamics of Swiss forests are prone to considerable uncertainties and are mostly of qualitative nature; recommendations on silvicultural measures are therefore typically quite generic. Using a quantitative method, we analyzed whether today's best-practice silviculture remains valid under changing climatic conditions. Based on a stratification of the data from the National Forest Inventory NFI3, 71 typical Swiss forest stands were identified. Thereof, we chose six illustrative examples and examined how timber production, protective function and tree diversity evolve under climate change, using the ForClim forest model. In cooperation with silviculture experts, we elaborated specific management schemes for the upcoming 100 to 150 years considering different silvicultural objectives. In order to reproduce these in detail, ForClim was extended, and thereby an important basis for plausible, practice-oriented modelling was laid. The results show a satisfying behaviour of the newly introduced management techniques “mountain plentering” and “Z-tree management”. In the latter, the modelling of the selection of Z-trees can potentially be improved. In the six stand types investigated here, no abrupt changes in forest dynamics became apparent under the considered climate change scenarios. The results indicate that today's silviculture may remain suitable in the coming decades.
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Campos, Pablo, Alejandro Caparrós, Emilio Cerdá, Luis Díaz-Balteiro, Casimiro Herruzo, Lynn Huntsinger, David Martín-Barroso, et al. "Multifunctional natural forest silviculture economics revised: Challenges in meeting landowners’ and society's wants. A review." Forest Systems 26, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): eR01S. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017262-10505.
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Aim of study: This paper objective focuses on the contribution of multifunctional natural forest silviculture, incorporating both private and public product managements, to forest and woodland economics.Area of study: Spain and California (USA).Material and methods: This conceptual article has developed a critical revision of the existing literature on the main economic issues about the multifunctional natural forest silviculture in the last decades.Main results: Multifunctional natural silviculture has secular roots as a local practice, but as a science of the natural environment applied to the economic management of forest lands it is still in the process of maturation. Timber silviculture remains the central concern of forest economics investment in scientific publications. By contrast, silvicultural modeling of the natural growth of firewood, browse and other non-timber forest products of trees and shrubs receives scant attention in scientific journals. Even rarer are publications on multifunctional natural silviculture of forest and woodland managements, including environmental services geared to people’s active and passive consumption. Under this umbrella, private environmental self-consumption is represented by the amenities enjoyed by private non-industrial landowners. As for environmental public products, the most relevant are carbon, water, mushrooms, recreation, landscape and threatened biodiversity.Research highlights: This paper is a good example about the conceptual research on forestry techniques and economic concepts applied to multifunctional silviculture in Mediterranean areas of Spain and California. The combination of technical knowledge and private and public economic behaviors definitively contributes to the multifunctional management of natural forest systems.
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M. Taufan and Arida Susilowati. "The Study of Silviculture System for Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) Application at PT Intracawood Manufacturing Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan." Journal of Sylva Indonesiana 3, no. 01 (February 21, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v3i01.1985.
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Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) silvicultural systems and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) are two of the five silvicultural systems that have been determined by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. P.11 / Menhut-II / 2009 juncto P.65 / Menhut-II / 2014 concerning silvicultural systems in the area of timber forest product utilization permits (IUPHHK) in production forests. Three other silvicultural systems based on the regulation are the Gap Logging silviculture system, the Fully Made Rejuvenation System, and the Multi Silviculture System. This study aims to examine the implementation of the TPTJ and TPTI systems in the PT Intracawood Manufacturing (PT Intraca) area, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The methodology of this research is through the approach of growth analysis, comparison of stand increment, observation of environmental conditions, interviews and literature study. Based on the field research, it was found that the diameter increments of Shorea leprosula, Shorea dasyphila, and Shorea parvifolia were greater in the TPTJ system compared to TPTI. However, the TPTI silviculture system at PT Intraca is easier to apply in the field than the TPTJ silviculture system. The TPTJ system has become less effective because planting in the TPTJ system has been carried out by making a 3-meter wide track with a length of approximately 1 km in a plot and if there is potential for the wood to become ineffective. In the area of PT Intraca, to improve the effectiveness of the TPTJ system a mosaic system is used where the planting path is made only in areas with less potential and representative for planting. The types of plants planted in the TPTJ system are far superior, perspective, and are faster than the types of plants in the TPTI system. Planting/enrichment in the TPTI system is easier because it does not need to make a planting path. Planting with seedlings from the extraction is only a transfer from the growth of tillers from areas with an excessive potential for tillers.
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O'Hara, Kevin L. "Silviculture for Structural Diversity: A New Look at Multiaged Systems." Journal of Forestry 96, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.7.4a.
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Abstract Movement away from even-aged silviculture and toward maintenance of continuous cover and structural diversity has generated renewed interest in two-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems. New approaches for multiaged stands suggest managers can achieve many goals with systems that integrate the structural features associated with natural disturbance processes with systems that are simpler than the uneven-aged silviculture of the past. The result is flexible systems for designing and implementing diverse stand structures for many objectives, including biodiversity. An understanding of forest stand dynamics and landscape ecology is a prerequisite.
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Makowski, Miłosz, Torsten Hädrich, Jan Scheffczyk, Dominik L. Michels, Sören Pirk, and Wojtek Pałubicki. "Synthetic silviculture." ACM Transactions on Graphics 38, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3306346.3323039.
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Kaushik, N., R. P. S. Deswal, Abha Tikkoo, Sushil Kumari, Suman Malik, and Krishan Kumar. "Pongamia pinnata L. (Karanja) based agri-silviculture system under rainfed conditions of south-west Haryana." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.741.
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The present study was conducted to assess the the performance of Karanja based agri-silviculture system in rainfed conditions of south west Haryana. The results showed that the yield (grain and fodder) of different crops was not affected significantly by the Karanja trees during initial four years of plantation. The mean grain yield of crops viz. cowpea (9.47q/ha), cluster bean (9.13q/ha), dhaincha (8.57 q/ha) and mung bean (9.50q/ha) was slightly less in agri-silvicultue system as compared to sole cropping. Similar trend was also observed for fodderyield. Karanja growth (height and diameter) was more in agri-silviculture as compared to sole plantation. Maximum height of 300.00 cm and diameter of 89.20 mm was recorded when Karanja was intercropped with cowpea, whereas it was 281.20 cm (height) and 80.90 mm (diameter) in sole plantation. Agri-silviculture system also improved the organic carbon and available N, P, K as compared to sole cropping. The lower net returns from agri-silviculture system of Karanja + cowpea (Rs. 7178/ha), Karanja +clusterbean (Rs. 7725/ha), Karanja +dhaincha (Rs. 7254/ha) and Karanja + mung bean (Rs. 7100/ha) were mainly due to the fact that during initial years Karanja plantation required some cost without any economic return. It is evident from the results that the cost of establishment of plantation can be meet out through intercropping during the gestation period of Karanja plantation.
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Szmyt, Janusz, and Monika Dering. "Adaptive Silviculture and Climate Change—A Forced Marriage of the 21st Century?" Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072703.
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Climatic changes significantly impact forest ecosystems, inevitably affecting forestry and forest-related industry. Considering that most forests are actively managed, there is a need to define the future risks and set a strategy for forestry and silviculture in a changing world. This review provides insight into the new challenges and opportunities forest management and silviculture face in the coming decades. There is sound recognition of risk factors expected from climate change, yet great uncertainty exists in the predictions of the response of forests to new conditions. Additionally, the stakeholders’ interests in the goods and services offered by forests are changing, and this also needs to be taken into account in future forest management. Undoubtedly, the goal of future forestry and silviculture in the 21st century will be primarily to ensure the continuity and sustainability of the forest. Sustainable use of goods and ecosystem services from forests will be directly related to the continuity and sustainability of the forest in the future. Adaptive forest management aims to promote the adaptive capacity of forests to new conditions resulting from climate change. If adaptation efforts are effective, adaptive forest management should be a kind of risk management. There is no one-fits-all strategy for adaptation to uncertain future conditions. Silviculture in the 21st century is expected to be more conducive to adapting forests to changes. Operational silvicultural activities should focus on ensuring the resilience and adaptation of forests to future environmental conditions. Modern silviculture offers activities that fall within the scope of contemporary close-to-nature silviculture practices. However, some of the currently applied practices will require review and modification to be applicable under new conditions. This review also identifies the need to fill knowledge gaps in order to develop more effective and flexible adaptation strategies to foster sustainable forest development and, thus, sustainable forestry.
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Frehner, Monika. "Gebirgswaldbau – vom finanziellen Rückgrat der Berggemeinden zum Risikomanagement | Mountain forest management: risk management of the financial backbone of mountain communities." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0516.
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Over the past decades the framework conditions pertaining to the care of mountain forests have changed radically. Wood production has become less and less profitable whereas public demands placed on the forest have grown considerably, particularly with regard to its protective function. The paper gives an overview of the most important developments since the appointment of Jean-Philippe Schütz at ETH Zurich as professor of silviculture. We concentrate on the following issues; firstly the teaching of mountain silviculture, which has been carried out since 1980 by Professor Schütz. Secondly, implementation,which since 1984 has been fostered by the Swiss Mountain Silvicultural group and, thirdly, developments with regard to projects.
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Bell, F. Wayne, Douglas G. Pitt, and Monique C. Wester. "Is Intensive Forest Management a misnomer? An Ontario-based discussion of terminology and an alternative approac." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82662-5.
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The term forest management refers to the science and business of operating a forest property, which, on Crown lands in Ontario, is typically a forest management unit. Silviculture is a component of forest management that refers to the suite of stand-level activities used to control stand composition and growth. Intensive forest management (IFM) is a concept that has been discussed and considered in Ontario for at least 30 years. Originally, it referred to an intensively managed forest in which most stands are subject to relatively intensive silvicultural practices. Over time, both professional foresters and stakeholders began using the term IFM as if it were synonymous with intensive silviculture. As a result, IFM has been inappropriately used to reference stand-level activities in several published definitions and key policy documents, creating confusion among the science community, professionals, and the public. This confusion has made it difficult to implement aspects of the 1999 Ontario Forest Accord, which calls for the use of IFM (meaning intensive silviculture) to increase forest growth and productivity in some areas to offset the withdrawal of lands for parks and protected areas. We call on forest managers to refer to the term IFM correctly and to portray forest management to stakeholders as consisting of a portfolio of natural and/or anthropogenic disturbance regimes. With this approach, forest managers could more meaningfully define the intensity of forest management and silviculture on their landbase.Key words: forest policy, land use planning, intensive silviculture, portfolio concept of forest management, triad principle of land-use zoning, Forest Research Partnership, NEBIE Plot Network
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Guldin, James M. "The Role of Uneven-Aged Silviculture in the Context of Ecosystem Management." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/11.1.4.
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Abstract The role of uneven-aged silviculture in an ecosystem management context is established using three elements. A review of succession and disturbance theory establishes an ecological basis for the method. The economic and social basis for the method is derived from comparisons of yields and economics, and discussion of social aspects. The adaptive management context is developed by reviewing four classic case studies, drawing on past successes and failures of the method. Overall the case is made that widespread application of uneven-aged silviculture under ecosystem management carries both potential and risk, and that the trade-offs expand rather than limit future silvicultural options. West. J. Appl. For. 11(1):4-12.
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Ruel, Jean-Claude. "Understanding windthrow: Silvicultural implications." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71434-4.
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Windthrow is a damaging agent that can be of paramount importance in silviculture. Windthrow depends on a number of factors interacting with each other. This paper tries to incorporate windthrow concerns into the silvicultural decision making process by understanding the windthrow process and its interaction with silviculture. The forces involved in the windthrow process are reviewed. The effects of natural factors on these forces are examined and the potential impact of silviculture on these factors is discussed. Some available hazard rating systems are reviewed, trying to underline their applicability in the Eastern Canadian context. Climate affects the severity and frequency of storms. However, wind speed in a particular stand is influenced strongly by local topography. Soil and root characteristics determine the sturdiness of the anchoring system. Many stand-related factors, such as stand height, age, density and stem form, can also exert an influence on the resistance to uprooting. Silviculture can modify the vulnerability to windthrow by acting on these factors. In stands at risk, stripcutting, thinning or the creation of new margins can cause important losses. The impact of stem form also indicates the need for an early control of stand density. Among the hazard rating systems available, the British system seems the most complete but would require some adjustments for use in the Eastern Canadian context. Key words: windthrow, uprooting, blowdown, wind
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Junod, Pascal. "Marteloscopes au service de la sylviculture proche de la nature." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 170, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2019.0069.
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Marteloscopes in the service of close-to-nature silviculture In Switzerland, close-to-nature silviculture is recognised as strategically important. It is part of the management principles prescribed in Article 20 of the Federal Act on Forests. The implementation of this type of silviculture is based on a holistic understanding of the forest, which is considered both as a complex habitat and as a multifunctional production system. Marking is the core activity of forest management. It is an integrative decision-making act at the interface between planning and timber harvesting. Since 2011, the silvicultural department in Lyss has been using marteloscopes for training purposes. They are valued as didactic tools and enable practice of a forest management that is carried out in accordance with the overarching legal objectives of sustainability, naturalness and multifunctionality. Thanks to the georeferencing of the trees and the recording of their characteristics, it is possible to compare the various marking proposals visually and quantitatively. The marteloscope exercises, carried out in a spirit of healthy competition, are one of the pillars of the training of forest professionals.
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Kiswanto, Mardiany, V. Murtinah, and S. Tsuyuki. "Geospatial approaches for formulating multisystem silviculture in the tropical forests." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1315, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012078.
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Abstract The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) issued regulations that allow the use of multiple silvicultural systems throughout a single period of a forest management work plan, known as multisystem silviculture (MSS), to increase the productivity and economic value of forests. However, certain technical issues still need to be resolved before an MSS can be successfully implemented on-site, particularly in terms of scheming the silvicultural system and selecting the appropriate site. This study developed silvicultural systems based on the modelling of geospatial data on current land cover, forest function, slope, and erosion risk. In this study, forest harvesting techniques (prohibited, selective, and clear-cutting) and regeneration approaches (natural, enrichment, and line planting) were formulated by overlaying four thematic maps and applying modelling rules. For specific locations, overlay thematic modelling maps of forest harvesting and regeneration techniques have been verbalized as MSS, such as selective cutting with enrichment planting, selective cutting with line planting, clear-cutting with intensive planting, and many other systems. The results of this geospatial modelling will assist forest managers in creating forest management plans with MSS within particular forest objectives. Additionally, this study supports policymakers in rising technical procedures for implementing multisystem silviculture.
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Rodewald, Amanda D., Richard H. Yahner, and J. Brawn. "Avian Nesting Success in Forested Landscapes: Influence of Landscape Composition, Stand and Nest-Patch Microhabitat, and Biotic Interactions." Auk 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.1018.
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AbstractAlthough area and isolation effects on avian communities in highly fragmented landscapes are well known, importance of landscape composition in more forested landscapes remains poorly understood. We determined if the type (agriculture and silviculture) and extent (percentage within 1 km radius) of disturbance within forested landscapes influenced avian nesting success, and then examined if differences in stand-level habitat structure, nest-patch microhabitat, distance of nests to habitat edges, brood parasitism rates, and nest-predator abundance were potential underlying mechanisms of observed associations between landscape composition and nesting success. We monitored active songbird nests (n = 341), surveyed Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and nest predators, and measured stand-level and nest-patch microhabitat from May–July 1998 and 1999. Each of 10 study sites was located within contiguous mature forest in central Pennsylvania and contained either agricultural or silvicultural disturbances (n = 5 each). Sites of the two landscape types had similar ranges of disturbance within 1 km (21–55% for agriculture, 18–51% for silviculture). Daily nest survival for all species combined (94.0 ± 0.55 in agriculture and 96.9 ± 0.87 in silviculture) and midstory-canopy nesters (93.8 ± 0.97 in agriculture and 97.4 ± 0.75 in silviculture) were greater within forested landscapes disturbed by silviculture than by agriculture, but rates did not significantly differ between landscapes for ground nesters (92.2 ± 1.32 in agriculture and 94.6 ± 1.63 in silviculture) or understory nesters (95.4 ± 1.60 in agriculture and 95.0 ± 1.47 in silviculture). Nest survival was not significantly associated with disturbance extent. Rates of brood parasitism were low, with only 11% of nests containing cowbird eggs or young. Neither nest fate nor differences in daily nest survival between the two landscape types were explained by variation in brood parasitism rates, stand-level or nest-patch habitat characteristics, or distance of nests to edges. Instead, the lower nest success within forested landscapes disturbed by agriculture was best explained by greater abundances of some avian and small mammalian predators (American Crow [Corvus brachyrhynchos] and squirrels) in those landscapes in one or both years. Results suggest that landscape composition within forested landscapes significantly influences avian nesting success by altering interactions between nest predators and nesting birds.
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Schütz, Jean-Philippe. "Naturnaher Waldbau: gestern, heute, morgen | Near-Natural Silviculture: Past, Present and Future." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 150, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.1999.0478.
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Semantically speaking, the term «near-natural» has found its way into the language because of a humanist approach to nature, namely, how nature relates to culture and mankind; this is in contrast to more fundamental ideologies where nature alone is the central focus. The Swiss approach to this kind of silviculture, expounded by Schädelin and Leibundgut, has been a recognised school of thought in Switzerland for over 70 years. It advocates an all-encompassing outlook on forest management, and is a more comprehensive method than being restricted by one particular silvicultural technique. It is a liberal, pragmatic form of forest utilisation, which promotes not only renewal on a tree-by-tree basis (plentering), but also the renewal and growth of trees in discrete generations using progressive group felling; all this with the same goal in mind, that is, the creation of structured mixed forest. The following six principles characterise this approach: use of local yield potential; silvicultural intervention combining timber use and tending goals; continual renewal; maximising the use of mixed tree populations; use of natural regeneration; and a liberal felling policy. The procedure is characterised by the liberal felling policy, which can be used on a per-situation basis to decide which felling technique should be used. Near-natural silviculture is a direct response to new demands which consider the forest as having its own living space. However,the main challenge for Swiss forestry today lies more in resolving its economic problems rather than improving its proximity to nature. Liberalisation of trade has placed the viability of wood production in a precarious situation. Future silviculture must be more cost-efficient, and must be based on biological rationalisation. This requires a fundamental shift in silviculture towards a less intrusive policy which relies more on natural automation than in the past. It must also focus on individual trees and situative interventions, rather than focusing on a stand scale; this allows varying development potential of individual trees to be taken into consideration. In summary, real multipurpose use calls for flexible solutions, which can integrate silvicultural interventions on a much more varied scale than in the past.
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Thompson, Ian D., James A. Baker, Christopher Jastrebski, Jennifer Dacosta, John Fryxell, and Daniel Corbett. "Effects of post-harvest silviculture on use of boreal forest stands by amphibians and marten in Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84741-5.
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Much of the southern boreal forest is composed of second-growth stands that have been subjected to a variety of silvicultural treatments ranging from cut and leave to scarification, planting, and tending with herbicides. We have limited understanding of the effects that these treatments may have on wildlife species, as a result of changes to forest structures and species composition. Forest amphibians, generally, and the American marten (Martes americana) are species for which there has been long-standing concern about the effects of forest management. We examined the long-term effects at stand and landscape scales of a range of silviculture intensities on these species by comparing the relative abundances of some amphibians and habitat use by marten in forests that were about 32 to 50 years old. American toads (Bufo americanus) appeared to be unaffected by long-term changes in habitat structure and composition owing to silvicultural techniques. We observed lower relative abundance of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in treated stands 20 to 30 years old than in all other stands including uncut old forests. However, abundance in treated stands more than 32 years old did not differ from untreated or uncut stands. This effect may have resulted from lower moisture levels in treated young stands. Marten seemed to positively respond to post-harvest planting and tending treatments, suggesting that basic silviculture provided habitat attributes, notably a higher conifer content, which was favourable to marten. Key words: post-harvest silviculture, marten, wood frog, American toad, herbicide, boreal, woody debris, Ontario
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Alfaro, René I. "Role of genetic resistance in managing ecosystems susceptible to white pine weevil." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72374-4.
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This paper describes the conditions that make stands of spruce (Picea spp. susceptible to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in British Columbia and discusses how host genetic resistance could be utilized to complement silvicultural tactics in the management of this pest. Key words: Pissodes strobi, pest management, Picea spp., silviculture
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Perret, Sandra, and Nelson Mondaca Barbé. "El olivo (Olea europaea L.) una especie de interés para zonas áridas y semiáridas. Revisión bibliográfica." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 8, no. 2 (July 8, 1994): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1994.208.
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En base a una revisión bibliográfica se presenta una monografía del olivo (Olea europaea L.) en la cual se describe la especie y se resumen los principales aspectos de silvicultura, manejo y rendimientos. Based on a bibliographic revision it is presented a monograph of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), in which the specie is described and summed up the main aspects of silviculture, management and yield.
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Gómez-Pompa, Arturo. "On Maya Silviculture." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4617029.
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La presencia de selvas altas dominadas por árboles útiles en la zona Maya se utiliza como punto de partida para reconstruir un sistema de silvicultura hipotético de los antiguos may as. Este sistema posiblemente se utilizó para construir y manejar distintos tipos de ecosistemas. La reconstrucción está basada un una serie de técnicas agrícolas y silvícolas que utilizan los may as actuates en distintas zonas del área Maya. La silvicultura antigua Maya cuestiona seriamente las tendencias actuales del uso del suelo y los recursos bióticos de las zonas tropicales, y sugiere un nuevo enfoque para la conservación y el desarrollo de estas zonas, que puede mejorar notablemente el manejo de los recursos de las selvas en algunas regiones tropicales para beneficio de sus habitantes.
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Borghetti, M. "Hurray to silviculture!" Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 5, no. 1 (October 10, 2008): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0548-005.
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Donald, D. G. M. "Silviculture and Yield." South African Forestry Journal 141, no. 1 (June 1987): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1987.9630260.
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Long, James N. "More Silviculture Required." Journal of Forestry 92, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/92.4.35.
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Weetman, G. F., K. M. Carvill, and C. E. Laird. "Addressing the advanced education needs of silviculturists: The Silviculture Institute of British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68601-5.
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The Silviculture Institute of British Columbia (SIBC) was established in 1985 to provide five 2-week modules of in-residence advanced education in silviculture for Registered Professional Foresters having five years of field experience. This paper reviews the first six years of operation of SIBC and some of the assumptions and concepts behind its formation and curriculum. Key words: Silviculture, education, Registered Professional Foresters, curriculum, basic silviculture, intensive silviculture
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Zhang, Daowei, and Peter H. Pearse. "Differences in Silvicultural Investment Under Various Types of Forest Tenure in British Columbia." Forest Science 42, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/42.4.442.
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Abstract This paper presents empirical evidence on the relationship between forest tenure and investment in silviculture. Silvicultural activities and expenditures on a large number of recently logged tracts in British Columbia, under four distinct forms of tenure, are assessed using a silvicultural investment model based on the conventional theory of capital. The empirical results indicate that silvicultural investment is correlated with security of tenure, and the level of investment under the most secure form--private land--is more than 67% greater than that under the least secure form--Forest Licences. For. Sci. 42(4):442-449.
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Brang, Peter, Harald Bugmann, Anton Bürgi, Urs Mühlethaler, Andreas Rigling, and Raphael Schwitter. "Klimawandel als waldbauliche Herausforderung | Climate change as a challenge for silviculture." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0362.
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Climate change is about to change many site factors relevant for forest dynamics, and is therefore posing a great challenge for silviculture. We review the options for addressing this challenge and provide recommendations. In general, forest management should aim at increasing the adaptive capacity of the forests, enhancing their resistance to disturbance, and at reducing negative impacts of increased disturbances on forest products and services. The key to coping with climate change lies in enhancing the proportion of tree species adapted to future climate, and, in response to the uncertainties associated, in promoting the diversity of tree species and provenances. Additionally, fostering diversity in forest structure is likely to reduce risks and secure forest products and services. Strategic silvicultural options include mapping the sensitivity of sites and stands to climate change, adapting the target species compositions and choosing an appropriate silvicultural system. At an operational level, silvicultural options to increase tree species diversity include artificial regeneration, tending young stands, regeneration cuts and the reduction of ungulate impact. Other options are the premature final felling of stands and wildfire prevention. As the site conditions are undergoing change, the two cornerstones of close-to-nature silviculture “species selection based on (current) site conditions” and “preference for natural regeneration”, need revision. A flexible approach to forest management is advocated since the reactions of the forest to climate change cannot be accurately predicted.
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Timsina, Shrabya, Lila Nath Sharma, Mark S. Ashton, Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Ian K. Nuberg, Srijana Baral, Edwin Cedamon, Sanjeeb Bir Bajracharya, and Naya Sharma Paudel. "Lessons from Managing for the Extremes: A Case for Decentralized, Adaptive, Multipurpose Forest Management within an Ecological Framework." Forests 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020333.
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Multipurpose and ecological forest management frameworks are being increasingly applied across the Global North on public lands. However, the discourse and practice of public forest management in much of the developing world are captured by extreme approaches of single-crop (usually timber) production and strict canopy-cover protection, as exemplified by the case of Nepal. We combine insights from field research with published documents and trace the consequences of prevalent management regimes on the ecology and silviculture of Nepal’s public forests. We find that managing for either extreme of timber production or forest protection can degrade forest ecosystems and affect their capacity to address the increasing number of demands placed on them. A history of narrow management outlooks has erased indigenous silvicultural practices and discouraged the development of novel silvicultural solutions to address today’s environmental concerns. Government initiatives advancing singular objectives, such as Nepal’s Scientific Forest Management program, often crumble under political resistance. Forest users in Nepal are widely interested in generating diverse benefits from their forests, including non-commercial products and services, suggesting a mandate for multipurpose management. We present a decentralized adaptive modality of multipurpose management featuring a silviculture that more closely matches the ecology of forests.
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Bobinac, Martin, Djordje Grozdanic, Sinisa Andrasev, and Nikola Susic. "Silviculture in deteriorated stand conditions and complex societal demands in the area of National Park "Fruska Gora"." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, Spec. izdanje (2023): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf23s1021b.
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The application of silviculture measures on contemporary, rationalized basis in order to sustain and improve forests in the area of the National park ?Fruska Gora?, is the most im?portant segment of forest management, having in mind their anthropogenically deteriorated conditions and their purpose. For the improvement of stand conditions, intensive silvicultural tending measures are necessary in certain phases of development of the stands which is con?trary to the passive protection. The main reasons for the application of these measures are in the coppice origin of the stands on over 82% of the area of National park and the silver lime dominance compared to other edificators (oaks and beech). On the basis of the ecosystem approach in forest management, and especially in conditions of more pronounced climate change, the silvicultural measures need to be rationally synchronized with biological-ecological demands of the main species and dominant processes in forest ecosystems. In other words, there is a need to implement the elements of close-to-nature forest management. This paper points toward the most important determinations of silviculture in order to achieve the goals of special-purpose forests in the National park.
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Hara K L, O. "Multiaged silviculture in North America." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 9 (August 4, 2009): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2009-jfs.
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Multiaged silviculture is highly variable across North America but a commonality is the ties to the negative exponential diameter distribution to guide stocking control. These methods have evolved in several regions to include alternative stand structures and new stocking control tools are being developed. A trend in these new developments is integrating disturbance regimes and their effects on stand structure. The result, in some cases, is a movement towards longer cutting cycles and more flexible guidelines for stand structure.
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Wilson, E. R., H. Whitney McIver, and D. C. Malcolm. "Transformation to irregular structure of an upland conifer forest." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75407-3.
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The Glentress Trial was established by M.L. Anderson in 1952 as a demonstration of transformation to irregular structure of an upland conifer forest in southern Scotland. The trial area (117 ha) is one of the longest continuously-studied forest research areas in Britain. The dominant tree species are Sitka spruce, European larch, Scots pine and Douglas-fir. The most important silvicultural system is group selection, with group size varying from 0.1 to 0.2 ha. Groups are restocked by planting or natural regeneration. Interim results point to the development of an irregular forest structure, although the transformation will not be complete until 2033. The trial demonstrates the value of continuous cover forests in meeting multiple forest management objectives, and is a resource of increasing importance for silviculture education and long-term research. Key words: transformation, irregular structure, uneven-aged management, Sitka spruce, Douglas-fir, long-term silviculture research
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O'Hara, K. L., A. Bonc Ina, J. Diaci, I. Anić, M. Boydak, M. Curovic, Z. Govedar, et al. "Culture and silviculture: origins and evolution of silviculture in Southeast Europe." International Forestry Review 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554818822824228.
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Műnzer, Leonie, Kazuhiko Masaka, Yuko Takisawa, Sebastian Hein, Christoph End, Hisashi Sugita, and Daisuke Hoshino. "Analysis of Selection-Cutting Silviculture with Thujopsis dolabrata—A Case Study from Japan Compared to German Plenter Forests." Forests 14, no. 8 (July 29, 2023): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14081556.
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(1) Background: In Japan, single-tree selection-cutting silviculture with hiba (Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) is a traditional silvicultural system and is well documented. We evaluated an experimental forest regarding past structural dynamics and future development while comparing it to the German multilayer coniferous “Plenterwald/plenter forest”. (2) Methods: Classical growth and yield data were recorded since 1995 from two hiba-mixed species plots, one managed since Matsukawa’s (the founder) times in 1931 and the other unmanaged since 40–50 years before 1931. (3) Results: Clear structural differences appeared, with the managed plot having a reverse J-shaped DBH and tree height distribution curve, and a higher percentage of hiba, also typical for German plenter forests’ intensely multi-storied structure. The unmanaged plot was composed of trees with large stem diameters, even though they were more evenly distributed, together with less admixed species. In both plots, the growing stock increased in the past. While the managed plot’s growing stock in 2019 was 561 m3 ha−1, the unmanaged plot reached 982 m3 ha−1 with large portions accumulated in DBH classes >60 cm. (4) Conclusions: When compared to today’s clearcutting system in Japan, selection silviculture shows advantages and may thus serve as a valuable inspiration for silviculture in Japan as it was with plenter forestry for Germany.
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Weetman, G. F. "Seven Important Determinants of Canadian Silviculture." Forestry Chronicle 63, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc63457-6.
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An attempt is made to identify the seven most important features of Canadian forestry that determine the nature and level of silviculture practice. They are considered to be: the dominance of extensive reserves of old-growth timber often at risk; the unbalanced age class structure of many licencee areas and management units; the dominance of provincial Crown ownership of timber and the evolution of Forest Management Agreements and Tree Farm Licences; the intractable nature of the problem of silviculture on small private ownerships; the recognition of the social role of silviculture in alleviating unemployment; the lack of silviculture decision models; and the systematic tightening of silviculture performance standards on Crown lands.
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Thiffault, Nelson, Brian D. Titus, and Basil English. "Twenty-five years post-treatment conifer responses to silviculture on a Kalmia-dominated site in eastern Canada." Forestry Chronicle 93, no. 02 (June 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2017-022.
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Research has demonstrated the potential of soil scarification, fertilization, and herbicide application to improve conifer seedling establishment and early growth. However, tree responses to and interactions among silvicultural treatments vary, making it difficult to predict mid- and long-term impacts of silviculture on stand productivity. We thus evaluated the 25-year effects of scarification and herbicide–fertilization combinations on black spruce (Picea mariana), jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) planted on a Kalmia angustifolia-dominated site. Our results show that the effects of scarification and herbicide–fertilization combinations diverged among species. Black spruce was the most responsive species to scarification for height and diameter at breast height. The combination of herbicide and fertilization treatments still had significantly positive effects on the long-term height and diameter growth of all species. Silvicultural treatments resulted in significant reductions in rotation length (based on height) when compared to height in nontreated-plots, depending on the species; reductions in years to attain a given height were greater for black spruce than for the other species. Our results illustrate the need to take species autecology into account when predicting productivity gains associated with early silviculture, and to provide managers with specific guidelines for the reforestation of ericaceous-dominated sites in Canadian boreal ecosystems.
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Sferlazza, Sebastiano, Guglielmo Londi, Donato Salvatore La Mela Veca, Federico Guglielmo Maetzke, Salvatore Vinciguerra, and Giovanni Spampinato. "Close-to-Nature Silviculture to Maintain a Relict Population of White Oak on Etna Volcano (Sicily, Italy): Preliminary Results of a Peculiar Case Study." Plants 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2023): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12102053.
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Habitat loss is a potential long-term effect of projected climate change for Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of a close-to-nature silvicultural practice to conserve an old-growth white oak forest patch in Sicily (Italy) and promote regeneration dynamics. The study area, although small, is distinctive for its isolation, position and environmental characteristics. We conducted a Before–After Control–Impact (BACI) study to analyse the responses of different taxonomic groups (vascular plants and birds) to silvicultural treatments (selection thinning, no thinning), and to determine whether close-to-nature silviculture practices may cause significant shifts in the investigated communities. Specifically, we assessed the responses of (1) vascular plants by means of species diversity and taxonomic distinctness indices and (2) birds in terms of diversity, abundance and forest specialisation. Preliminary results suggest that cautious close-to-nature silviculture practice could—by mimicking natural gap dynamics—contribute to maintaining old-growth forest patches and promote oak seedling emergence without short-term detrimental impacts on biodiversity. Although the monitoring has to be repeated over the long-term, the multi-taxon approach and indices incorporating information on taxonomic relationships into diversity measures were demonstrated to be valuable tools for interpreting biotic community structure and dynamics.
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Rastogi, Alind. "Recent Trends in Forestry Research and Priorities for the Next Decade in India." Indian Journal of Forestry 43, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-p66mx3.
Full textAbstract:
In India, forest management has ushered a change process for forestry development administrators. Sustainability, productivity and adaptability are the core issues to be addressed. The corporate revitalisation is required for the effective institutionalisation of governance. It may be attained through better coordination, commitment and new competencies. The newer capacities and competencies need the research support. The required research support does not relate to only silviculture but related dimensions of social change process. The scope of silviculture research has undergone a change where the researcher has to look beyond timber. The current communication focuses upon newer silvicultural dimensions such as associated action research, market research, social and policy research to be probed. The research structures need to be strengthened and the research information management group (RIMG) in each state may be formed for effective dissemination of research results. The paper calls for immediate research support systems for effective governance with the forest departments.