Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silver chloride'
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Obijeski, Todd James. "The effect of silver catalyst on the chloride-chlorate reaction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10193.
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Singh, Deirdre Mary. "Electroanalysis of chloride, bromide and silver ions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363540.
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Hide, Nicholas John. "The production and characterisation of powder processed silver chloride electrodes for use in the magnesium-silver chloride reserve battery system." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266863.
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Babaahmadi, V., M. Ghanbarajjeh, T. Toliyat, and M. Montazer. "Photochemical reduction of silver nitrate to nano silver using stannous chloride, ctab and daylight irradiation." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20633.
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Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and stabilized by a simple method in
aqueous solution, by the reduction of silver nitrate with stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O)
and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)through day light irradiation. Thereby,
the silver nanoparticles were colloidally stabilized by CTAB as a surfactant. The synthesis
of silver NPs with different size were possible by changing the reaction conditions
such as reagent ratio. The silver NPs were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering
(DLS) and UV-visible spectroscopy. A very strong plasmon resonance peak at 400-500
nm in the UV-visible spectra is a clear consequence of the silver NPs production. The
synthesized silver NPs showed good stability by using CTAB.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20633
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Lorin, Arnaud. "Electronic properties of silver chloride : influence of excitons on the charge dynamics." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX087.
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En 1848, Edmond Becquerel proposa une des toutes premières techniques de photographie en couleur. Ce procédé suscita parmi la communauté scientifique de nombreux débats sur l'origine des couleurs observées. En 2019, Victor de Seauve, dans une thèse au Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle à Paris, a apporté de nombreuses clarifications, proposant une nouvelle explication. Le facteur clé de cette explication est la dynamique des charges, en réaction à la lumière, dans un composé de chlorure d'argent (AgCl) qui contient des nanoparticules d'argent. L'objectif de la présente thèse est de participer à cet effort de compréhension en apportant un éclairage théorique. La première question concerne le niveau de théorie nécessaire pour décrire correctement les propriétés électroniques et optiques d'AgCl. Nos calculs ont montré que seule la solution de l'équation Bethe-Salpeter peut décrire le spectre optique d'AgCl, car ce spectre est dominé par un fort pic d'absorption dû à un exciton lié. De plus, le calcul doit s'appuyer sur une structure de bandes qui est déterminée de manière auto-cohérente dans un calcul GW, très lourd numériquement. Afin de pouvoir réaliser le calcul dans le cadre de l'équation de Bethe-Salpeter, une fonction diélectrique modèle a été utilisée et améliorée. Les résultats de nos calculs décrivent bien les spectres mesurés, et nous ont permis d'analyser et d'interpréter les observations. Dans l'hypothèse avancée par l'équipe du Muséum, la lumière excite une nanoparticule d'argent, ce qui provoque un transfert de charges à l'interface entre la nanoparticule et AgCl. Avec l'objectif de pouvoir étudier ce phénomène, une approche numérique pour accéder à la dynamique des charges induites par une perturbation externe a été développée. Cette approche a en particulier permis de montrer qu'un état excitonique lié influence la dynamique des charges de façon très importante. Enfin, nous avons effectué une première modélisation du transfert de charge aux interfaces entre une nanoparticule d'argent et AgCl, en étudiant une hétéro-structure simplifiée. Nous avons montré le changement du spectre de AgCl dû au voisinage de l'argent métallique et validé l'utilisation de la théorie des milieux effectifs pour décrire ces changements. Des calculs de la densité induite par des perturbations périodiques ont été réalisés. Ces calculs restent lourds, et l'étude se poursuivra avec l'idée de combiner les calculs ab initio avec la théorie des milieux effectifsIn 1848, Edmond Becquerel proposed one of the first techniques of color photography. This technique raised a long-standing debate in the scientific community concerning the origin of the observed colors. In 2019, Victor de Seauve, during his thesis at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, could clarify some important issues, proposing a new explanation. The aim of the present thesis was to participate in this effort of comprehension, by adding theoretical insight. The first question is which level of theory one may adopt in order to correctly describe the electronic and optical properties of AgCl. Our calculations show that only the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation is able to describe the optical spectrum of AgCl, since the spectrum is dominated by a strong peak at the absorption onset, due to a bound exciton. Moreover, the calculation has to be based on a band structure that results from a self-consistent GW calculation. In order to make the Bethe-Salpeter calculations possible, a previously proposed model dielectric function was used in an improved way. Our results well describe the measured absorption spectra, and enable us to analyse and interpret the observations. In the hypothesis brought forward by the team at the Museum, the light excites a silver nanoparticle, followed by a transfer of charge at the interface between the nanoparticle and AgCl. In order to be able to study this phenomenon, we have developed a numerical approach describing the charge dynamics due to an external perturbation. In particular, this approach has allowed us to show that a bound exciton influences the charge dynamics significantly. Finally, we have set up a first model meant to simulate the charge transfer between a silver nanoparticle and AgCl, based on a simplified heterostructure. We have shown how the absorption spectrum of AgCl changes due to its neighbourhood to the silver metal, and how these changes can be described by the effective medium theory. Calculations of the density induced by a periodic perturbation have been carried out. These calculations remain cumbersome, and the study will continue with the idea to combine ab initio calculations with effective medium theory
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Calhoun, Robert Bensen. "Microplastic deformation of polycrystalline silver chloride containing a small volume fraction of hard inclusions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49664.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1998.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-138) and index.
Silver chloride is a ductile ionic solid which has mechanical properties typically associated with metals. A new method is presented for making composites of silver chloride doped with 500 ppm copper chloride (CuC1) and 0.01 volume percent of 1 to 5 micron glass spheres and particles. After rolling, recrystallizing and tensile testing, composite samples are exposed to UV light. This "decorates" dislocations in the top 40 microns of a sample with metallic silver so they can be seen with an optical microscope. Dislocation decoration is used to investigate the nucleation of dislocations in polycrystals. In one set of experiments, precisely determined thermal misfit strains are generated between the AgC1 and spherical inclusions by quenching. The critical sphere diameter dp required for punching compares favorably with the predictions of Ashby and Johnson (1969). For spheres larger than the critical diameter, the data are well-fit by a stochastic model for heterogeneous nucleation which predicts that the probability of one or more loops nucleating is 1 - exp(-cdp). In other experiments, dislocation decoration is used to reveal dislocations and slip bands in samples loaded to strains of 90 to 250 microstrain. The equilibrium shape of prismatic loops under stress compares favorably to a dislocation-based model which incorporates the matrix friction stress and the orientation dependence of a dislocation's line energy. Additionally, the role that grain triple junctions and inclusions play in the nucleation of slip is considered. Statistical tests show slip is independent of inclusion location for diameters less than 5 microns. Conversely, triple junctions are positively correlated with slip (p-value= 0.00004). A simple model predicts 46% of slip bands should initiate at triple junctions, vs. 56% observed. In conclusion, slip bands do not nucleate at inclusions in grain interiors but at grain boundaries and in the largest grains first. Preliminary results obtained by straining AgCl with an NaCl epilayer support the conclusion that elastic compatibility effects between large features are more important in determining the initial yielding behavior than a small volume fraction of 1-5 micron inclusions.
by Robert Bensen Calhoun.
Ph.D.
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Hettiarachchi, Samanthika Ruvinie. "Exciplex Tuning and Optical Memory Studies for Dicyanoargentate(1) and Dicyanoaurate(1) Ions Doped in Potassium Chloride Crystals Extension to Mixed Metal Gold and Silver Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HettiarachchiSR2002.pdf.
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Kent, Ronald Douglas. "Controlled Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Dissolution Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35632.
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Incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into an increasing number of consumer products has led to concern over the potential ecological impacts of their unintended release to the environment. Dissolution is an important environmental transformation that affects the form and concentration of AgNPs in natural waters; however, studies on AgNP dissolution kinetics are complicated by nanoparticle aggregation. Herein, nanosphere lithography (NSL) was used to fabricate uniform arrays of AgNPs immobilized on glass substrates. Nanoparticle immobilization enabled controlled evaluation of AgNP dissolution in an air-saturated phosphate buffer (pH 7, 25 °C) under variable NaCl concentrations in the absence of aggregation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to monitor changes in particle morphology and dissolution. Over the first day of exposure to ⠥10 mM NaCl, the in-plane AgNP shape changed from triangular to circular, the sidewalls steepened, and the height increased by 6-12 nm. Subsequently, particle height and in-plane radius decreased at a constant rate over a 2-week period. Dissolution rates varied linearly from 0.4 to 2.2 nm/d over the 10-550 mM NaCl concentration range tested. NaCl-catalyzed dissolution of AgNPs may play an important role in AgNP fate in saline waters and biological media. This study demonstrates the utility of NSL and AFM for the direct investigation of un-aggregated AgNP dissolution.Master of Science
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Ha, Hung M. "Micro- and Nano-Scale Corrosion in Iron-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Sam 1651 and Silver-cored MP35N Lt Composite." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1260391940.
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Seauve, Victor de. "À l’origine des couleurs des images photochromatiques d’Edmond Becquerel : étude par spectroscopies et microscopies électroniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE023/document.
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Les premières photographies couleurs produites par Edmond Becquerel au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle à Paris en 1848 ont suscité un débat scientifique intense tout au long du XIXème siècle. La question de l’origine des couleurs de ces photographies a vu s’affronter les partisans d’une hypothèse pigmentaire et ceux d’une hypothèse interférentielle. Au cours du XXème siècle, cette question n’a pas été définitivement tranchée. Ce travail doctoral se propose d’appréhender la nature de ces images dites « photochromatiques » par une approche expérimentale. Nous nous sommes dans un premier temps intéressés aux étapes de sensibilisation du plaqué argent et d’exposition de la surface sensible aux rayonnements visibles, dans le but de répliquer le procédé Becquerel et de comprendre la photosensibilité de ces images. Les propriétés optiques des couches sensibles et colorées ont été caractérisées en spectroscopie UV-visible et mises en relation avec leurs compositions chimiques (étudiées en XAS) et leurs morphologies, de l’échelle micro- à nanométrique (étudiées en MEB et TEM). La grande sensibilité des échantillons aux faisceaux photoniques (UV-visible et rayons X) et électroniques a imposé un développement méthodologique afin de comprendre et de limiter les effets de sonde. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de réfuter l’hypothèse de phénomènes interférentiels comme origine des couleurs des images photochromatiques, hypothèse qui prévaut dans la littérature depuis la fin du XIXème siècle. Les couches sensibles et colorées sont constituées de grains de chlorure d’argent micrométriques décorés de nanoparticules d’argent. Ces nanoparticules d’argent, que nous avons étudiées en EELS low loss, sont responsables de l’absorption dans le visible des couches sensibles et colorées par résonance de plasmons de surface. Ceci nous conduit à proposer une origine plasmonique aux couleurs des images photochromatiques, hypothèse discutée dans cette thèseThe first colour photographs were produced in 1848 by Edmond Becquerel at the Museum of natural History in Paris. The origin of their colours motivated an intense debate between the scientists during the XIXth century. Two main hypotheses were proposed, namely a pigmentary hypothesis and an interferential hypothesis. Nowadays the question of the colours of those photochromatic images is still not settled and this doctoral research aims at addressing it by an experimental approach. We first studied the sensitizing of the silver plate and the exposure of the sensitive surface to light in order to replicate the Becquerel process and to gain information on the photosensitivity of these images. The optical properties of the sensitized and coloured layers were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and related to their chemical composition (studied by XAS) and their morphologies, from the micro to the nanoscale (studied by SEM and TEM). A methodological development was necessary to understand and overcome the sensitivity of the samples to photonic beams (UV-visible and X-rays) and electronic beams. The results allow us to reject the interferential hypothesis, which prevailed since the end of the XIXth century. The sensitized and coloured layers consist in micrometric silver chloride grains decorated by silver nanoparticles. Besides, these nanoparticles, which we investigated by low loss EELS, are responsible for the visible absorption of sensitized and coloured layers through surface plasmon resonance. We suggest that the photochromatic images colours have a plasmonic origin and hereby discuss this hypothesis
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Sobocinski, Raymond Louis 1962. "LASER-INDUCED THERMAL DECAY OF PYRIDINE AND CHLORIDE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING AS A PROBE OF SILVER SURFACE-ACTIVE SITES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276553.
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The activation parameters for the temperature dependent irreversible loss of surface-enhanced Raman scattered (SERS) intensity from pyridine and chloride adsorbed at silver surfaces in an electrochemical environment have been determined. Laser-induced heating is introduced as a probe of the chemical nature of SERS-active sites. Surface temperatures are calculated from spectroscopic data. The activation energies associated with the destruction of SERS-active sites at a surface roughened by an illuminated oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC) are 12.8 ± 3.2 kcal/mole and 27.7 ± 3.1 kcal/mole for pyridine at two different types of sites on the Ag surface. Similarly, values for coadsorbed chloride are found to be 11.1 ± 2.4 kcal/mole and 24.5 ± 3.8 kcal/mole. An activation energy of 27.4 ± 1.9 kcal/mole is obtained for pyridine on a silver surface roughened by a nonilluminated ORC. Evidence for the desorption of pyridine and chloride is presented.
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Кузьма, В. В., О. М. Конопльов, and І. Є. Митропольський. "Фотолюмінесценція хлориду натрію з нановключеннями срібла." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64359.
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Серед благородних металів, які проявляють плазмонні резонанси у видимій області спектра, найбільшу ефективність збудження плазмонів має срібло. Так, ефективний переріз взаємодії наночастинки срібла зі світлом може перевищувати її геометричні розміри на порядок. Метою даної роботи було визначити фотонний відгук поверхні кристалу хлориду натрію з наночастинками срібла при збуренні фотонами.
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Escoffier, Celine Nicole. "An investigation of chlorine-based plasma modification for microscale Ag/AgCl electrode fabrication." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365962.
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Brasil, Edneide Morais. "Atividade antimicrobiana de filmes de policloreto de vinila (PVC) reforçado com nanopartículas de prata imobilizadas em sílica /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183628.
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Orientador: Marcos David FerreiraResumo: Objetivo. Analisar a eficácia antimicrobiana in vitro de compósito em pó a base de prata e sua aplicação em diferentes concentrações em filmes de policloreto de vinila (PVC) produzidos em escala industrial e em laboratório. Métodos. Um material compósito constituído por dióxido de sílicio (SiO2) e nanopartículas de prata (NpAg), produzido e cedido por uma empresa de soluções tecnológicas, foi caracterizado por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Difração de Raio X (DRX). Filmes de PVC industrial aditivados com 6,25, 12,5, 25 e 100 ppm de NpAg e filmes produzidos laboratorialmente pelo método de casting aditivados com 12,5, 25 e 100 ppm de NpAg foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Difração de Raio X (DRX). Testes microbiológicos in vitro foram realizados com o compósito de prata e com os filmes de PVC. Com o compósito realizou-se o Teste de Difusão em Ágar por poço e a Contagem de Microrganismos Viáveis. Com os filmes industrial e laboratorial realizou-se o teste da Norma JIS Z 2801:2000, e com os filmes industriais realizou-se os testes de Agitação em Frasco e Contagem de Microrganismos Viáveis. Resultados. O compósito apresentou inibição para Escherichia coli em todas as concentrações estudadas e para Staphylococcus aureus nas concentrações de 12,5, 25 e 100 ppm de NpAg. A adição de compósito na matriz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Aricci, G. "ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES: ADVANCED ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150133.
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An investigation on a new class on electrocatalytic materials for the electroreduction of organic halides is presented and discussed. The electrocatalysts are based on silver nanoparticles (Ag_NP and Ag_NC), ad hoc synthesised by two different synthetic path (Polyol assisted and Wet chemical reduction). The obtained nanoparticles are then supported on carbon black (pre-treated or untreated) (20% or 10% loading) for further characterisation and use. The electrocatalytic properties of the Ag_NP/carbon and Ag_NC/carbon composites towards the dehalogenation of halocompounds are tested by cyclic voltammetry and by preparative electrolysis. The hydrodehalogenation of trichloromethane, is selected as a model reaction, because of its relevance for the detoxification of wastes. The voltammetric characterisation is performed both in an aqueous and non aqueous solution, supporting the composites on cavity microelectrodes. Gas-diffusion electrodes (GDE) based on the most promising Ag_NP composite – and, for reference, on a commercial Ag/C oxygen reduction electrocatalyst – are then tested in an electrolytic process for the progressive conversion of gaseous trichloromethane to less chlorinated compounds, and ultimately to methane.
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Young, Eleanor Dawn, and ellie@goldstreetstudios com au. "Mechanisms of Controlling Colour and Aesthetic Appearance of the Photographic Salt Print." RMIT University. Applied Science, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080901.142948.
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Abstract The salt print is an important part of photography, both in its historic value and in the tonal range it can provide. This tonal range is greater than any other photographic printing process available to date attributed to the inherent masking ability of the metallic silver. However the intrinsic production problems have made it a 'forgotten' process. There are five key problems. 1. The difficulties in achieving the potential extensive tonal range. 2. The varying colour of the print. 3. Staining that appears in the print, during and after processing. 4. Instability and longevity of the salt print. 5. Contradictory and inaccurate information in material published on the salt print. Although the emphasis of the research is on exploring and controlling the colour and tonal range, the staining problems and stability of the print are also addressed. The materials used for contact negatives today vary in both capture and output, from analogue film processed in the traditional wet darkroom to a variety of transparent film printed from digital files. Inadequate density and tonal range can affect all types of negatives. To provide sufficient exposure time for the salt prints extended tonal range adjustments to the negative were necessary. These long exposures then converted sufficient silver salts to the image making metallic silver, utilising the intrinsic self-masking process. Ultimately this research has uncovered ways to control colour and tonal range and certain aesthetic qualities of the salt print, while simultaneously resolving some of the conflicts in published information. Accurate and consistent methods of processing eliminate staining, providing some stability to the print. The activities and steps carried out to make a salt print are manual; precise duplication is therefore almost unattainable. Nevertheless, although tests on a densitometer may display numeric differences, visual differences are barely noticeable.
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Bertole, Christopher Jason. "Oxygen pathways on unpromoted and chlorine inhibited silver epoxidation catalysts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ29372.pdf.
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Landeen, Lee Kevin 1965. "Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by copper-silver ions and free chlorine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276997.
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Water disinfection systems utilizing electrolytically generated copper:silver ions (200:20 to 400:40 ug/L) and low levels of free chlorine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/L) were evaluated at room (21-23°C) and elevated (39-40°C) temperatures in filtered well water (pH 7.3) for their efficacy in inactivating Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33155). A contact time of 24 hr was necessary for copper:silver (400:40 ug/L) to achieve a 3 log₁₀ reduction in bacterial numbers at room temperature. As the copper:silver concentration increased to 800:80 ug/L (K = 7.50 x 10⁻³ log₁₀ reduction/min), the inactivation rate significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. In water systems at room temperature with and without copper:silver (400:40 ug/L), the inactivation rates significantly increased as the free chlorine concentration increased from 0.1 mg/L (K = 0.397 log₁₀ reduction/min) to 0.4 mg/L (K = 1.047 log₁₀ reduction/min). All disinfection systems, regardless of temperature or free chlorine concentration, showed increased inactivation rates when 400:40 ug/L copper:silver was added; however, this trend was significant only at 0.4 mg/L free chlorine.
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Chiou, Ipeng 1957. "Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by copper, silver ions and free chlorine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277992.
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The antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated copper and silver separately and combined with free chlorine on Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in filtered well water (FWW) and autoclaved dairy process water (ADPW). The inactivation rate (k = log10 reduction/minute) was determined. Slow bactericidal effects were observed in both FWW and ADPW after exposure to 400:40 or 800:80 mug/L copper and silver compared to 0.15 mg/L chlorine. At least five hours of exposure was required for a 6 log10 reduction in the bacterial numbers with copper and silver; however, with chlorine, the exposure time was reduced to less than one minute for the FWW. Addition of 0.15 mg/L chlorine to water containing copper and silver resulted in a significantly enhanced inactivation rate as compared to chlorine alone in both FWW and ADPW. In ADPW, chlorine with copper (400, 800 mug/L) resulted in an increased k value compared to chlorine alone and copper alone.
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Damin, Craig Anthony. "Instrument Development and Application for Qualitative and Quantitative Sample Analyses Using Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1385774823.
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Lamble, G. M. "Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies of chlorine and caesium adsorbed on silver single crystal surfaces." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380102.
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Loret, Jean-François. "Extraction de metaux precieux par des gels organiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13068.
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Preparation de gels qui sont des polymeres reticules qui gonflent lorsqu'ils sont plonges dans des solvants adequats. Le gel pvc-tbp est utilise pour extraire l'or en milieu hcl : les ions m(cn)::(2)**(-) (m=ag,au) en milieu koh sont extraits par le gel dcy-18c6-chcl::(3)-br (br = polylentadiene)
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Beloucif, Bonnet Luisa. "Comportement à températures élevées du cuivre et de l'argent en présence de chlore gazeux sec et de mélanges chlore-vapeur d'eau." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066497.
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Etude de la chloruration de l'argent et du cuivre dans une atmosphère statique de chlorure gazeux dans l'intervalle de température 25-900c. Influence de la température et de la pression de chlore sur la corrosion. Démonstration de l'existence de plusieurs domaines régis par des lois cinétiques différentes et d'un domaine d'immunité et de passivité. Influence du taux d'humidité relative dans le cas de la corrosion en présence du mélange chlore, air, vapeur d'eau.
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ATTIA, MONDHER. "Etude experimentale de la dispersion anormale de la photoanisotropie induite dans les emulsions de chlorure d'argent." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066671.
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Spectres de dichroisme et de birefringence induits par un faisceau de lumiere rectilignement polarise. Modele decrivant la composition de l'emulsion anisotrope et donnant une expression analytique du dichroisme et de la birefringence. Calcul de l'efficacite de diffraction des reseaux anisotropes enregistres sur une telle emulsion
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Poignet, Nathalie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de couches pour microcapteurs électrochimiques à base de NASICON." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0090.
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Ce travail a ete consacre a l'etude des composants d'un microcapteur a base de nasicon. Deux methodes d'elaboration en couche de la membrane ionosensible ont ete comparees. Le dipcoating (procede sol-gel) permet de preparer des couches minces, mais les resultats ont montre la difficulte a obtenir des couches etanches et stoechiometriques. La methode de depot du nasicon par serigraphie a egalement ete utilisee. Les caracterisations physico-chimiques et electriques ont revele de bonnes proprietes d'adherence et de conductivite des couches epaisses. L'etude de la reference interne a porte sur un materiau a base de agcl dope par nacl, depose en couches minces sur le nasicon par evaporation sous vide. Les mesures electriques ont permis de comprendre que le mecanisme de reponse est sans doute base sur l'echange des ions argent a l'interface nasicon/reference interne. Une nouvelle description de la chaine electrochimique a ete proposee. Enfin, des premiers essais en capteurs complets ont revele des performances encourageantes tant au niveau d'une application biomedicale (capteur macroscopique) que de la realisation de microcapteurs.
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Zahidi, Assou. "Etudes structurales et dynamiques de complexes macrocycliques par rmn heteronucleaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13171.
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Etude de la complexation de cations et d'anions par des ligands synthetiques a l'aide de la rmn heteronucleaire (**(6)li, **(7)li, **(13)c, **(14)n, **(15)n, **(19)f, **(31)p, **(35)cl et **(109)ag) et de mesures d'effet overhauser homo- et heteronuclaires
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Li, Zhigang. "Formation et simulation de l'image en microscopie electronique a haute resolution : application a la structure de composes de type "lamellaire"." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30282.
Full textAbstract:
Cette these etudie trois problemes specifiques de la microscopie electronique a haute resolution : le transfert du contraste des images, leur interpretation au moyen de simulations et l'application de cette technique a la determination des structures locales dans les materiaux cristallins, au niveau atomique. Obtention de resultats originaux en ce qui concerne la microstructure de materiaux de type lamelllaire : dans les composes de type re::(6) se::(8) cl::(2), avant et apres insertion d'hydrazine, dans les composes de type mps::(3) et dans taps::(6)se
28
Yao, Cian-Yu, and 姚芊瑜. "Influence of Silver and Silver Chloride Composite Nanoparticles on Molecular Fluorescence." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04261096273186701850.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
材料科學與工程學系
101
In this study, we use ethylene glycol multi-reduction method to synthesize silver and silver chloride composite nanoparticles. According to the literature, noble metal nanoparticles exist a special property, surface plasmon, as surface plasmon interacts with fluorescent materials, the intensity of fluorescence of fluorescent will be changed. After interacting with surface plasmon, the intensity of fluorescence of fluorescent may be enhanced by surface plasmon, even higher than the intensity of fluorescence of surface plasmon. Therefore, we will discuss the relationship between surface plasmon and four kinds of fluorescent, fluorescein, rhodamin B, copper(II) phhthalocyanine(CuPC), and chlorophyllin sodium-copper. The excited wavelength of incident light source is 325 nm laser and 405 nm laser. We observe that the strongest intensity of fluorescence of fluorescent is fluorescein and rhodamin B. After interacting with surface plasmon, the result shows surface plasmon can enhance the intensity of fluorescence of fluorescent about 2.8 to 15 times.
29
Huang, Yung-Han, and 黃勇翰. "Preparation of Silver Nano-particles From the Reduction Processes of Silver Chloride." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7n3qfc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
材料科學與工程研究所
100
This study is to investigate the possibility and effect of using recycled silver chloride , adding to ammonium hydroxide by chemical reduction method at room temperature to prepare and generate metal nanoparticles with different concentrations of surfactant and reducing agent , so that discussing such as particle size, shape, optical properties, and so on. Preliminary to analysis and judge by the UV-visible spectrometer instrument, then particle size analysis, SEM, TEM and EDS to find and research the characteristic of the particles. Analysis showed that throw the UV-visible spectrometer, the concentration of the 0.05 mm and 0.1 mM precursors can not be generated to silver nano-particles. At the same precursor concentration, absorption strength is lower with high surfactant concentration. By the particle size analysis, the average particle size is larger with low reducing agent concentration under the other parameters fixed and larger with high surfactant concentration under the other parameters fixed. Through SEM images, the silver nano-particles prepared from chemical reduction processes are almost irregular-shaped, a few ball-shaped and bar-shaped. EDS analysis show there have naon-particles containing silver element. The nano-particles of B3C1 parameter are less aggregated but uniformly dispersed, and silver ingredient accounted is up to 95% and is the best parameter set.
30
Shih, Cheng-Chih, and 施承志. "Fabrication, Morphology and Application of Silver Chloride Films." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56522407640378501871.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
98
This study proposes a novel method of fabricating silver chloride films by the precipitation of sodium chloride aqueous solution and solid-state silver nitrate aqueous solution .Bulk-type silver chloride film was obtained by melting and solidification of silver chloride powder. The effect of different sintering temperature and time to the morphology of both silver chloride films was discussed. The morphology of the precipitation-type AgCl bottom-surface is full of radial porous stick structure ,and the top-surface is composed of equiaxed grains. For precipitation-type AgCl films, the interface diffusion shows remarkable effect only at high sintering temperatures while diffusion-controlled growth is predominant at low sintering temperatures. The activation energy of interface-controlled growth of precipitation-type AgCl film is calculated to be approximately 50.2kJ/mol ,and 9.84 kJ/mol for diffusion controlled growth. The morphology of bulk-type AgCl after air-cooling can be identified as radial grains, feather-like grains and feather-like columnar grains. Large grains with feather-like morphology were formed under furnace-cooling. The morphology of Bulk-type AgCl is dominated greatly by temperature gradient. The growth mechanism of sintered bulk-type AgCl is mainly focused on diffusion-controlled growth, which has the activation energy of 4.2 kJ/mol, while the interface-controlled growth activation energy is about 12.6 kJ/mol. Precipitation-type and bulk-type AgCl films are combined to be manufactured as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells electrodes, which have porous structures and light-recycling ability. Bulk-type AgCl and ITO glass perform extraordinary wettability and bonding. However, the porous structures grow due to heat and inter-particle necking occurs ,which decreases the quantity of voids.
31
Ren, He–Yuan, and 任禾源. "Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticle/silver chloride material for surface–enhanced infrared absorption measurements." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87739561676274190566.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
化學系所
103
Surface-enhanced Infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a sensitive technique, which can be applied for ultra-sensitive detections in wide fields. To increase the sensitivity in SEIRA detection, a new method was proposed to grow silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) directly on silver chloride crystals. This method is simple and effective as a simple soaking procedure in reducing solution is generally needed only. The formed AgNPs were arranged in a three-dimensional structure, which gives high surface enhancement effect for Infrared measurements. The reaction conditions were optimized based on the observed SEIRA spectra, which were used to correlate with the morphologies of formed structure by scanning electron microscope (SEM). An enhancement factor of 20 can be easily obtained from this simple procedure. Further studies were also performed by applying the optimized condition to prepare AgCl on AgCl powders for increasing the loading of AgNPs. Owing to the high surface area of AgCl powder, which give the high doped silver nanoparticles of AgCl materials. Results were similar to AgCl crystal but linearity was extended and sensitivity was improved as only 200 ng of probe molecule could be detected. To further control of the morphologies of AgNPs, polymer additives were selected and added into the reduction solution. The formed AgNPs were similar in size indicating that addition of suitable polymer can regulate the size of AgNPs effectively. Using the formed AgNPs on AgCl powders to detect molecule in aqueous solution, a further increase of sensitivity was observe.
32
Hsu, Pei-Tien, and 許倍瑱. "Preparation and Characterization of Silver-Chloride Based Infrared Optical Nanomaterials." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8j3gxq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
化學系所
101
In this work, we developed a simple method to reduce silver nanocubes to silver nanostructures. To investigate the reduction process, we examined three different reduction methods involving electroless displacement, reducing agents and thio compounds. Zinc selenide (ZnSe), germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si) substrates were used as a substrate in electroless displacement method. Ge and Si were used in the reduction method involving reducing agents and thio compunds. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a stabilizing agent in all the reduction process. Factors which affect the morphology of silver nanostructures were studied systematically, which involves soaking time, role of hydrofluoric acid in silicon substrate, concentration of PVP. We also attempted to understand the mechanism of reduction of silver nanocubes to silver nanostructures by using four commonly used reducing agents-sodium borohydride , hydrazine, formaldehyde and glucose. Furthermore, we used a set of thio compounds like p-nitrothiophenol (pNTP), p-hydroxythiophenol (pHTP), p-methylthiophenol (pMTP) and p-carboxyltiolphenol (pCTP) to reduce silver nanocubes. To examine the morphology of silver nanostructures, the prepared substrates have been characterized by FE-SEM (Field Emission – Scanning Electron Microscope). The suitable preparation conditions were optimized by analyzing the IR energy spectra at 2200 cm-1 and SEM images. We conclude that high surface silver nanostructures can be obtained by using reducing agents method and this kind of nanostructures will find applications in IR measurements.
33
You, Chang-Ching, and 游長慶. "Silver Chloride Films for Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II Dye." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45637572338756370484.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
98
This study has proposed a novel method to fabricate silver chloride film. The silver chloride film was obtained by precipitating reaction that infusing sodium chloride aqueous solution on the silver nitrate aqueous solution which was phase changed into solid-state. The morphology of under-surface of the silver chloride film has many stick structures with high absorption area which heaps by a lot of small particles. The under-surface of the film was used to do photocatalytic degradation of orange II azo dye under ultraviolet light and visible light separately, and the degradation effect of the silver chloride film was compared with the film which was obtained with 8.4M, 6.3M, 4.2M, and 2.1M silver nitrate aqueous solution and the nano titanium dioxide powder which have same specific surface area. In ultraviolet light photocatalysis, the Orange II azo dye could be degraded by the silver chloride film effectively. Its color could be removed 98% during 2 hours. And in visible light photocatalysis, the silver chloride film with silver clusters degrades orange II azo dye effectively but not significantly when compared to ultraviolet photocatalytic. And the color could be removed 31% during 2 hours. Among them, the silver chloride obtained from 4.2M silver chloride aqueous solution due to the higher absorption area, so the photocatalytic degradation is better than other concentration. Under the same absorption area, the photocatalytic degradation effect of the silver chloride film was larger than that of nano titanium dioxide powder.
34
Chen, Yi-Sheng, and 陳易聖. "The Fabrication, Microstructure and Application of Precipitated Silver Chloride Films." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97680685975896927260.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
98
This study has proposed a novel method of silver chloride film Type I by mixing liquid hydrogen chloride and silver nitrate. The experiment was procedured with three kinds of Hydrogen Chloride solution concentration：10M, 4M, and 4M, and we discussed the effect of difference Hydrogen Chloride concentration of 10M, 7M, and 4M on the structure of the film. The top surface morphology of silver chloride crystal transformed from long strip to tabular shape with increasing reaction time. The bottom surface formed stick, and transformed from equiaxed to columnar by supercooling in structure of cross section with increasing reaction time. Compared with the experimental results which precipitated AgCl film Type II by mixing liquid silver nitrate and solid hydrogen chloride and AgCl film Type III by mixing liquid sodium chloride and solid silver nitrate：the morphology of surface of silver chloride which contacting hydrogen chloride formed tabular shape by effecting of hydrogen ion, and the morphology of surface of silver chloride which contacting liquid silver nitrate heaped stick by crystal of silver chloride. In the application, silver chloride was precipitated to unwoven cloth to combine with filter of air conditioner. We observed the particle size became smaller with lower concentration in of Hydrogen Chloride. The morphology of silver chloride crystal in 10M and 4M concentration of Hydrogen Chloride was hexahedron, and long strip crystal in 7M concentration of Hydrogen Chloride.
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Liang, I.-Chuan, and 梁益銓. "Effect of Hydroxide Coodination on Morphology of Silver Chloride Films." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44483796387778353128.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
98
This study produced silver chloride powder with chemical precipitation by mixing 8.43M saturated silver nitrate aqueous solution and 5.42M saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution to produce. The silver chloride powders hydrate at 100 ℃ in the deionized water for different hydration time. Bulk-Type silver chloride after melting at 500 ℃ and solidification was produced, and then the silver chloride plate was made by pressure. We discussions any effect on lattice constant change and silver chloride plate characteristic with microstructure, surface energy and transmittance with different hydration time. The results show that the lattice constant in increased with the hydration time thus reduced the surface energy of the Bulk-Type silver chloride and silver chloride plate. And using X-ray analysis to know Bulk-Type silver chloride contained silver nitrate, and silver chloride will precipitate silver by thermal decomposition at high temperature. Those will affect silver chloride on microstructure. The microstructure types were equiaxed grains, radial grains and feathery-like grains. The effect of thermal decomposition of silver chloride and precipitated silver reduced with increasing hydrate time. Finally, silver chloride has low surface energy and high transmittance in infrared light.
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Sampaio, Rui Miguel da Silva. "Electrochemical sensors for chloride and pH monitoring in reinforced concrete structures." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/32469.
Full textAbstract:
The present work had as objective the development of electrochemical sensors
to monitor the ingress of chlorides. and the pH variation of the pore solution of
cementitious materials due to the carbonation process and attack with sulfuric
acid.
For the detection of chlorides, two materials were tested: Ag/AgCl and Lucigenin.
The Lucigenin film grown potentiodynamically on stainless steel did not present
an acceptable potentiometric response. The synthesis of the Ag/AgCl electrodes
was performed using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic and galvanostatic
regimes. The electrochemically modified electrodes showed a potentiometric
response for the detection of chlorides with a sub-Nernstian slope which mainly
depends on the concentration of electrolyte used in film growth. Very alkaline
environments lead to early degradation of Ag/AgCl electrodes.
For pH determination, several metal oxides were tested — MnO2, IrOx and IrOx
+ RuO2 — and an electronically conducting polymer — polypyrrole. The
electrochemically grown MnO2 films showed a linear response in the pH range
between 13 and 8 with a slope close to Nernstian. However, these films dissolve
in acidic environments (pH<6). The ellipsometry study identified the formation of
a more resistive inner layer composed of MnOOH.
The IrOx synthesis was carried out potentiodynamically and through a
potentiostatic regime of single and double impulse. The IrOx electrodes grown by
cyclic voltammetry showed the response with the greatest potential for
application in environments as aggressive as cementitious materials, exhibiting
a linear potentiometric response in the pH region between 13 and 5, with a super-
Nernstian slope. The addition of 5 and 10 mM RuCl3 to the growth solution led to
a decrease in the slope of the potentiometric response of the modified electrodes
towards values closer to Nernstian. The potentiostatically modified electrodes
showed a linear potentiometric response in the pH region between 10 and 2, with
a slope closer to Nernstian than the films grown by voltammetry.
Finally, the potentiostatically synthesized polypyrrole films exhibited a linear
response in the pH region between 11 and 5.
The ellipsometric study of steel passivation in 0.1 M NaOH showed the formation
of an inner layer of Fe(OH)2 followed by the growth of two subsequent more
porous layers composed of iron hydroxides.
Ag/AgCl sensors have been successfully used to study chloride penetration in
mortar samples with and without an additive with the potential to remove
chlorides from solution (LDH). The presence of LDH in the mortar led to a
decrease in the chloride content in the pore solution. However, the destructive
analysis carried out showed the presence of a greater amount of total chlorides
in the sample with LDH, which shows an increase in the amount of chlorides
immobilized in the cement matrix. The removal of chlorides from the pore solution
can be a consequence of ion exchange with the LDH or due to the formation of
Friedel salts in the presence of aluminum ions from the dissolution of the LDH.
The results with the iron electrodes corroborated the results obtained with the
sensors about the effect of LDH on chloride capture.
IrOx sensors have been successfully applied to study the pH variation of the pore
solution of cementitious samples due to carbonation and acid etching processes.
The carbonation study showed an immediate change in the pH of the pore
solution near the surface after the initial release of carbon dioxide, but gradually
recalinized after the release of the gas. However, the pure carbon dioxide regime
promoted the obstruction of the superficial porous network, which led to the
blocking of carbon dioxide entry to greater depths.
Finally, IrOx sensors showed that the pH variation of the pore solution due to
exposure to concentrated sulfuric acid is limited to a layer only 1 to 2 mm thick.
The pH variation in depth happens as the attack front progresses.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de sensores electroquímicos para a monitorização do ingresso de cloretos e da variação de pH da solução de poro de materiais cimentícios devido ao processo de carbonatação e ao ataque com ácido sulfúrico. Para a deteção de cloretos foram testados dois materiais: Ag/AgCl e Lucigenina. O filme de Lucigenina crescido potenciodinamicamente sobre aço inox não apresentou uma resposta potenciométrica aceitável. A síntese dos eléctrodos de Ag/AgCl foi realizada através de voltametria cíclica e de regimes potenciostáticos e galvanostáticos. Os eléctrodos modificados electroquimicamente apresentaram uma resposta potenciométrica para a detecção de cloretos com um declive sub-Nernstiano que depende principalmente da concentração de electrólito utilizada no crescimento dos filmes. Ambientes muito alcalinos levam à degradação precoce dos eléctrodos de Ag/AgCl. Para a determinação de pH foram testados vários óxidos metálicos — MnO2, IrOx e IrOx + RuO2 — e um polímero electronicamente conductor — polipirrole. Os filmes de MnO2 crescidos electroquimicamente apresentaram uma resposta linear no intervalo de pH entre 13 e 8 com um declive próximo do Nernstiano. Contudo, estes filmes dissolvem em ambientes ácidos (pH<6). O estudo de elipsometria identificou a formação da uma camada interna mais resistiva composta por MnOOH. A síntese de IrOx foi efectuada potenciodinamicamente e através de um regime potenciostático de singular e de duplo impulso. Os eléctrodos de IrOx crescidos por voltametria cíclica apresentaram a resposta com maior potencial para a aplicação em materiais cimentícios, exibindo uma resposta potenciométrica linear na região de pH entre 13 e 5, com um declive super-Nernstiano. A adição de 5 e 10 mM de RuCl3 à solução de crescimento levou à diminuição do declive da resposta potenciométrica dos eléctrodos modificados para valores mais próximos do Nernstiano. Os eléctrodos modificados potenciostaticamente apresentaram uma resposta potenciométrica linear na região de pH entre 10 e 2, com um declive mais próximo do Nernstiano que os filmes crescidos por voltametria. Por último, os filmes de polipirrole sintetizados potenciostaticamente exibiram uma resposta linear na região de pH entre 11 e 5. O estudo elipsométrico da passivação do aço em 0.1 M NaOH mostrou a formação de uma camada interna de Fe(OH)2 seguida do crescimento de duas camadas mais porosas subsequentes compostas por hidróxidos de ferro. Os sensores de Ag/AgCl foram utilizados com sucesso no estudo da penetração de cloretos em amostras de argamassa com e sem um aditivo com potencial capacidade de remover cloretos de solução (LDH). A presença de LDH na argamassa levou à diminuição do teor de cloretos na solução de poro. Contudo, a análise destrutiva levada a cabo mostrou a presença de uma maior quantidade de cloretos totais na amostra com LDH, o que evidencia um aumento da quantidade de cloretos imobilizados na matriz cimentícia. A remoção de cloretos da solução de poro pode ser consequência da troca iónica com o LDH ou devido à formação de sais de Friedel na presença de iões alumínio provenientes da dissolução do LDH. Os resultados com os eléctrodos de ferro corroboraram os resultados obtidos com os sensores do efeito do LDH na captura de cloretos. Os sensores de IrOx foram aplicados com sucesso no estudo da variação de pH da solução de poro de amostras cimentícias devido aos processos de carbonatação e de ataque ácido. O estudo da carbonatação mostrou uma alteração imediata do pH da solução de poro perto da superfície depois da libertação inicial de dióxido de carbono, mas gradualmente realcalinizada após a libertação do gás. Contudo, o regime de CO2 puro promoveu a obstrução da rede porosa superficial, o que levou ao bloqueio da entrada de dióxido de carbono até maiores profundidades. Por fim, os sensores de IrOx mostraram que a variação de pH da solução de poro devido à exposição a ácido sulfúrico concentrado é limitada a uma camada de apenas 1 a 2 mm de espessura. A variação de pH em profundidade acontece à medida que a frente de ataque progride.
Programa Doutoral em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
37
Yu, Yi-Syun, and 余奕勳. "Effect of Photoreaction on Nucleation and Growth of Silver chloride films." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88811478721392568986.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
98
This research has brought a new method to fabricating silver chloride films. The silver nitrate solution phase-changed into solid phase and the sodium chloride solution were infused, and then the silver chloride film was produced by precipitation reaction. And the research is a study of the effects on the crystalline morphology of AgCl film which grew in the UV-exposed environment and in the darkness, respectively. The crystalline morphology of AgCl film upper-surface which grew in the darkness is close to equiaxed crystals. The crystalline morphology of AgCl film under-surface is small particles which heterogeneously nucleated on the nitrate crystals under the surface of the film and to be in accordance with the preferred orientation into the stick-like structure. As the crystalline AgCl film grew in the UV-exposed environment, the AgCl crystal became a long axis crystal due to the silver clusters as heterogeneous nucleation site. And the crystal is identified with a higher aspect ratio. The silver clusters were derived from AgCl crystal photodecomposition which was caused by UV rays irradiation.
38
Cheng, Yong-Sin, and 鄭詠心. "Environmental Applications of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles Supported on a Chelating Polymer." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26fq7x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南臺科技大學
化學工程與材枓工程系
107
Crosslinked poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (cPGMA) was prepared through a suspension copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Then it reacted with glycine to form a chelating resin (PGL) for adsorbing Ag+ from aqueous solution. The analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer confirmed that PGL was synthesized successfully. The adsorption of Ag+ reached equilibrium at 10 min and the maximum adsorption capacity was 1.31 mmol/(g PGL). After PGL adsorbing Ag+ for 20 seconds, 60 seconds and 30 minutes and then immering in NaCl solution, three AgCl nanoparticles/PGL composites were prepared. SEM morphology assessed that the diameters of AgCl nanoparticles were 25 and 60～75 nm. These composites could accelerate the degradation of Acid red 88 in the presence of NaBH4 but they could be reused only 3 times. The composites gave a good catalytic performance for degradation of Methyl orange in the presence of NaBH4. They could be reused several times with tiny loss in their catalytic activity. Moreover, these nanocomposites were also successfully used as a reusable catalysts for the reaction of H2O with NaBH4 to produce H2.
39
Huang, Ruoyu, and 黃若渝. "Preparation and Characterization of Quaternary Ammonium Chloride-Modified Silicate Supported with Silver Hybrid Antibacterial." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83301780705877208851.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學中正理工學院
應用化學碩士班
99
Organic-inorganic antibacterial hybrids based on silver (Ag) and quaternary ammonium chloride organically-modified silicate (Ormosil(NR4+Cl－)) were prepared by sol-gel processes and in situ reduction method, in which silver nitrate, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMAPS) and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (ATS) acted as precursor, linker and colloidal suspension stabilizer, respectively. The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate quaternary ammonium chloride-modified silicate impregnated with Ag nanoparticulates, in which Ag dispersion is stabilized, to create a hybrid that protects against biological warfare agents. The physical properties of the Ormosil(NR4+Cl－) hybrid and Ormosil(NR4+Cl－)/Ag composite were examined using FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, NMR and TGA spectroscopy, the results of which indicated that Ag was incorporated in the Ormosil(NR4+Cl－) matrix after impregnation. The antibacterial effects of the Ormosil(NR4+Cl－) hybrid and Ormosil(NR4+Cl－)/Ag composite against Gram-negative P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus, B. subtilis were assessed by the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and plate-counting method, and an excellent antibacterial performance was discovered. Moreover, the antibacterial performance of the Ormosil(NR4+Cl－)/Ag composite was larger than that of the Ormosil(NR4+Cl－) hybrid and Ormosil/Ag composite. Ormosil(NR4+Cl－)/Ag composites are therefore believed to have great potential for use as an organic-inorganic antibacterial material.
40
Kuo, Po-Chih, and 郭柏志. "Characterization of spermine oxidase in zebrafish and developing a method to detect spermine in biological samples by using silver-gold/silver chloride nanozymes." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4e4cc9.
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Chu, Chi-Chih, and 朱吉植. "Study on Wafer-Level Packaging and Electrochemical Characterization of Planar Silver-Chloride Micro Reference Electrode." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ru9h7t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
96
This thesis devotes to develop a wafer-level packaging technique of the planar AgCl-based micro reference electrode and to investigate its various electrochemical characteristics (including the potential stability and offset voltage, AC impedance, cyclic-voltammetry analysis, electrochemical noise and reproducibility). The miniaturized all-solid-state reference electrode can integrated with many biomedical or biochemical sensors for substantially reduce the dimension of the whole sensing system and improve the commercial capability of portable detecting products. This study reports firstly a smallest module of the micro reference electrode with dimension only about 9 mm (L) × 6 mm (W) × 1 mm (H) in the worldwide using the silicon bulk-micromachining technology, thin film deposition and chloridation techniques. The packaged reference electrode module is constructed by two bonded wafers with different functions. One wafer of this module is defined as “electrode chip” and it has a Ti/Pd/Ag/AgCl planar quasi-reference electrode deposited on its surface. Another wafer is called as “packaging chip” and it has two bulk-micromachined silicon cavities for the filling/sealing of 1.33 ~ 6.40 μL KCl-gel (as the salt-bridge of electrode) and electrical connection. Many electrochemical characteristics of the encapsulated solid-state micro reference electrode are tested and improved for the commercial applications. Including a very stable cell potential (<4 mV in 30000 sec.), an approximately zero offset-voltage, a low AC impedance (1~20 KΩ), and high reproducibility (drift less than 3~8 mV in 30000 sec. and the range of offset voltage is -6 ~ 3 mV) of the packaged micro reference electrode are demonstrated. Furthermore, stable CV curve of the packaged Ti/Pd/Ag/AgCl/KCl-gel reference electrode were proved by cyclic-voltammetry analysis and its low electrochemical noise spectrum was investigated and discussed in this work. Compared with the commercial reference electrode, the planar miniaturized AgCl reference electrode module developed in this thesis has displayed its many excellent characteristics and with a dimension only 250 times smaller than the conventional reference electrode.
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Caspary, Dirk. "Zeitaufgelöste inelastische Neutronenstreuung an entmischenden Silber-Natriumchlorid-Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B600-1.
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