Relevant bibliographies by topics / Silver chloride

Academic literature on the topic 'Silver chloride'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Silver chloride"

1

Gambardella, Mario, Santad Kongpricha, James J. Pitts, and Albert W. Jache. "Disproportionation of chlorine in hydrogen fluoride and related media." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-283.

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Chlorine can be made to disproportionate to chlorine monofluoride and chloride, taking advantage of Le Chatelier's principle in several different ways. It will disproportionate to form insoluble silver chloride and chlorine monofluoride when silver fluoride is present. It will disproportionate in a melt of alkali metal fluorides to form alkali metal chlorides and chlorine monofluoride. The alkali metal chlorides will react with hydrogen fluoride to regenerate the metal fluorides and hydrogen chloride. Chlorine will also disproportionate in hydrogen fluoride containing antimony pentafluoride to yield antimony pentafluoride adducts of chlorine monofluoride and of hydrogen chloride. These adducts are readily decomposed to yield the disproportionation products and the original antimony pentafluoride. Keywords: hydrogen fluoride, disproportionation, chlorine, waterlike, solvent system.
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2

Volkovich, Vladimir A., Alexander B. Ivanov, Dariya Bessonova, and Dmitry S. Maltsev. "(Digital Presentation) Silver Electrode Potentials in NaCl–KCl–Cscl Eutectic Melts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (October 9, 2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552131mtgabs.

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Molten salts have a number of potential applications including metals’ electrowinning and electrorefining, pyrochemical spent nuclear fuels’ reprocessing. Considerable efforts were devoted over decades to investigation of various electrochemical processes in molten salts, especially in fused chlorides. Silver chloride electrode is one of convenient types of reference electrodes often employed in potentiometry measurements. This electrode has several advantages (especially compactness) compare to the standard chlorine reference electrode, potential of which in chloride melts is taken as zero. Surprisingly little attention was paid so far to the systematic study (covering the effect of temperature and concentration) of silver electrode potentials in molten chlorides, with majority of the works dating back to 1950-s and 60-s. Molten LiCl–KCl eutectic was, on obvious reasons, the best studied, and several other melts (NaCl, NaCl–KCl, LiCl–KCl–CsCl, NaCl–CsCl) were also looked at. The present study was directed at the systematic study of silver electrochemistry in fused alkali chlorides and determining silver electrode potentials. Here we present the results of the experiments performed in the melts based on the ternary NaCl–KCl–CsCl (30–24.5–45.5 mol. %) eutectic mixture at 823–1073 K. Electrode potentials of silver were determined using the electromotive force measurements method and the following galvanic cell: Ag|(NaCl–KCl–CsCl)+AgCl||(NaCl–KC1–CsCl)|Cl2 (C) Concentration of silver in the electrolyte varied from 0.1 to 5 wt. %. Silver electrode quickly equilibrated with the electrolyte and the potential remained stable over long time, Figure. Experimentally obtained electrode potentials were then used to calculate silver formal standard electrode potentials. Figure. An example of silver electrode potential evolution over time in (NaCl–KCl–CsCl)–AgCl (5 wt. %) melt at 823 K. 2Cl–/Cl2 reference electrode. Figure 1
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3

Kitaeva, D. Kh, A. G. Buyanovskaya, O. A. Levinskaya, and S. L. Dzvonkovski. "Determination of low chlorine content in organic compounds and polymers using an «Expert-006» coulometer." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 7 (August 8, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-7-16-20.

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A method of visual mercurimetric titration of chloride ions is widely used in elemental microanalysis for determination of chlorine content in organic substances after their combustion in an oxygen-filled flask. However, when chlorine content is less than 0.5%, the mercurimetric method fails to provide essential accuracy, and a more sensitive method of chlorine coulometric titration by electrogenerated silver ions appeared favorable. We consider a possibility of determining the microgram content of chloride-ions in solutions using a digital coulometric analyzer («Expert-006» produced by «Econics-Expert» (Moscow)) supplemented with an electrolytic cell with silver electrodes. The coulometer was tested in different operation modes to select the optimal electrochemical parameters of ion chloride titration and develop a technique for coulometric determination of chloride ions which in combination with the preliminary burning of the analyzed substances in an oxygen-filled flask provides determination of the residual chlorine in organic matrices at a level of 0.1 – 0.5%. The proposed technique was used to determine the residual chlorine in a number of polymers. The relative error did not exceed 5% at chlorine concentrations of 0.16 – 0.28%.
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Mostovshchikov, Andrei V., Alexander P. Ilyin, and Nadezhda S. Barabash. "Influence of Ultra-Violet Radiation on Sublimation Energy of Silver Chloride (AgCl)." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.735.

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Influence of silver chloride synthesis conditions on its heat of sublimation after ultra-violet irradiation was explored. It was determined that silver chloride synthesized in excess of silver ions after irradiation was characterized by heat of sublimation about 6813 J/g, which meant that the original value increased in ~ 1.8 times. At the same time silver chloride synthesized in excess of chloride ions was characterized by decrease in value of heat of sublimation by ~ 2 times. Growth of heat of sublimation of silver chloride with excess of silver ions is connected with energy expenditure on sublimation due to decrease in proportion of surface which is not covered with silver. Reduction of heat of sublimation of silver chloride with excess of chloride ions is explained by absence of silver solid surface film and catalytic effect of silver klasters formed during the process of irradiation.
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Tate, Eldon W., and James H. Johnston. "Photocatalytic silver/silver chloride polymer nanocomposites." Nanomaterials and Energy 3, no. 6 (November 2014): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/nme.14.00023.

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6

Марасанов, Д. В., Е. М. Сгибнев, and Н. В. Никоноров. "Влияние хлоридов на спектральные свойства серебряных ионообменных слоев фото-термо-рефрактивного стекла." Оптика и спектроскопия 130, no. 7 (2022): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2022.07.52729.3286-22.

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The effect of chlorine on the spectral properties of silver nanoparticles in the ion-exchanged layers of photo-thermo-refractive glass was studied. It was shown that silver nanoparticles were precipitated only in the UV-irradiated region of the ion-exchanged chlorine-free photo-thermo-refractive glass and refractive index of the irradiated and non-irradiated was the same. It was founded that UV irradiation and subsequent thermal treatment resulted in a growth of NaF nanocrystals on AgCl/NaCl shells formed on the silver nanoparticles in the irradiated ion-exchanged chloride photo-thermo-refractive glass. The refractive index contrast of the irradiated and non-irradiated areas of photo-thermo-refractive glass with chlorine was achieved Δn=-3•10-3. Results of the study demonstrate that it is possible to record the amplitude gratings in the ion-exchanged layers of chlorine-free photo-thermo-refractive glass, and to record the amplitude-phase gratings in the ion-exchanged layers of chloride photo-thermo-refractive glass.
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7

Gottwald, Helmut, and Konrad G. Weil. "Properties of Cold Condensed Metal Chlorideand of Cocondensed Metal/Metal Chloride Films II. Raman Spectra." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-0513.

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We report on Raman spectroscopic investigations with cold condensed films of silver chloride, thallium chloride, and sodium chloride in the absence and in the presence of cocondensed metal. With films of 1000 nm -2000 nm thickness, Raman signals only can be seen if small silver particles are present. These are either cocondensed particles or they are formed by photolysis of silver chloride. At low temperatures, noncrystalline films can absorb light from the exciting laser, while at room temperature also crystalline silver chloride can be photolyzed by the argon ion laser.The signals are interpreted as surface enhanced Raman transitions of a chloride - silver vibration. No indications for the presence of silver chloride or thallium chloride molecules can be found from the spectra.
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Shapovalov, V. V., S. A. Artamonov, N. V. Eldashev, A. Yu Kutin, N. A. Nerozin, D. A. Podsoblyaev, M. D. Samsonov, N. R. Togaeva, and S. V. Tkachev. "Deposition of Iodine-125 on Silver Supports of Microsources for Prostate Cancer Brachytherapy." Radiochemistry 64, no. 5 (October 2022): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1066362222050083.

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Abstract A method of iodine-125 deposition on a surface of microsource silver supports for brachytherapy of prostate cancer was reported, which includes preparing the support surface by sequentially treating them with nitric acid and thiourea solutions, followed by chlorination of the support surface with a chlorinating agent to form silver chloride on the support surface, and substitution of chlorine atoms for 125I atoms by placing supports containin silver chloride on the surface in a solution with 125I ions to create a 125I layer on the support surface. The method described allows fixing 125I on supports with a low activity distribution on each activity-carrying support.
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Singh, Rekha, Woohang Kim, and James A. Smith. "Effect of Chloride Ions on the Point-of-Use Drinking Water Disinfection Performance of Porous Ceramic Media Embedded with Metallic Silver and Copper." Water 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061625.

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This study quantifies the effects of chloride ions on silver and copper release from porous ceramic cubes embedded with silver and copper and its effect on E. coli disinfection in drinking water. Log-reduction of E. coli by silver ions decreased after 4 h of contact time as the chloride ion concentration increased from 0 to 250 mg/L but, it was not changed by copper ions under the same conditions. For silver addition by silver-ceramic cubes, log reductions of E. coli decreased sharply from 7.2 to 1.6 after 12 h as the chloride concentration increased from 0 to 250 mg/L. For the silver-ceramic cube experiments, chloride ion also reduced the total silver concentration in solution. After 24 h, total silver concentrations in solution decreased from 61 µg/L to 20 µg/L for corresponding chloride ion concentrations. According to the MINTEQ equilibrium model analysis, the decrease in disinfection ability with silver embedded ceramic cubes could be the result of precipitation of silver ions as silver chloride. This suggests that AgCl was precipitating within the pore space of the ceramic. These results indicate that, although ionic silver is a highly effective disinfectant for E. coli, the presence of chloride ions can significantly reduce disinfection efficacy. For copper-ceramic cubes, log reductions of E. coli by copper embedded cubes increased from 1.2 to 1.5 when chloride ion concentration increased from 0 to 250 mg/L. Total copper concentrations in solution increased from 4 µg/L to 14 µg/L for corresponding chloride ion concentrations. These results point towards the synergistic effect of chloride ions on copper oxidation as an increased concentration of chloride enhances copper release.
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Rajbhandari, Armila, Krishna Manandhar, and Raja Ram Pradhananga. "Preparation of halide sensors by means of co-precipitation of silver sulphide and silver halide." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 30 (December 19, 2013): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9390.

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Halide sensors have been prepared in the laboratory by means of co-precipitation of silver sulphide and silver halide and is used for the determination of iodide, bromide and chlorides ions. The iodide sensors show a Nernstian response in the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-6M iodide ions, bromide sensors show a linear response in the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-5M bromide ions while chloride sensors show linear response upto the concentration range of 10-4M chloride ions. The response time of all the electrodes, is < 1minute. The iodide sensors were found to be selective towards iodide ions in the presence of Cl- and Br- ions while bromide and chloride sensors interferred by iodide ions as indicated by selectivity coefficient values of 3.98 and 48.9 respectively. These sensors have been successfully applied for potentiometric titrations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9390Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page: 168-173 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silver chloride"

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Obijeski, Todd James. "The effect of silver catalyst on the chloride-chlorate reaction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10193.

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Singh, Deirdre Mary. "Electroanalysis of chloride, bromide and silver ions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363540.

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Hide, Nicholas John. "The production and characterisation of powder processed silver chloride electrodes for use in the magnesium-silver chloride reserve battery system." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266863.

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4

Babaahmadi, V., M. Ghanbarajjeh, T. Toliyat, and M. Montazer. "Photochemical reduction of silver nitrate to nano silver using stannous chloride, ctab and daylight irradiation." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20633.

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Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and stabilized by a simple method in aqueous solution, by the reduction of silver nitrate with stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)through day light irradiation. Thereby, the silver nanoparticles were colloidally stabilized by CTAB as a surfactant. The synthesis of silver NPs with different size were possible by changing the reaction conditions such as reagent ratio. The silver NPs were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and UV-visible spectroscopy. A very strong plasmon resonance peak at 400-500 nm in the UV-visible spectra is a clear consequence of the silver NPs production. The synthesized silver NPs showed good stability by using CTAB. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20633
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5

Lorin, Arnaud. "Electronic properties of silver chloride : influence of excitons on the charge dynamics." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX087.

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En 1848, Edmond Becquerel proposa une des toutes premières techniques de photographie en couleur. Ce procédé suscita parmi la communauté scientifique de nombreux débats sur l'origine des couleurs observées. En 2019, Victor de Seauve, dans une thèse au Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle à Paris, a apporté de nombreuses clarifications, proposant une nouvelle explication. Le facteur clé de cette explication est la dynamique des charges, en réaction à la lumière, dans un composé de chlorure d'argent (AgCl) qui contient des nanoparticules d'argent. L'objectif de la présente thèse est de participer à cet effort de compréhension en apportant un éclairage théorique. La première question concerne le niveau de théorie nécessaire pour décrire correctement les propriétés électroniques et optiques d'AgCl. Nos calculs ont montré que seule la solution de l'équation Bethe-Salpeter peut décrire le spectre optique d'AgCl, car ce spectre est dominé par un fort pic d'absorption dû à un exciton lié. De plus, le calcul doit s'appuyer sur une structure de bandes qui est déterminée de manière auto-cohérente dans un calcul GW, très lourd numériquement. Afin de pouvoir réaliser le calcul dans le cadre de l'équation de Bethe-Salpeter, une fonction diélectrique modèle a été utilisée et améliorée. Les résultats de nos calculs décrivent bien les spectres mesurés, et nous ont permis d'analyser et d'interpréter les observations. Dans l'hypothèse avancée par l'équipe du Muséum, la lumière excite une nanoparticule d'argent, ce qui provoque un transfert de charges à l'interface entre la nanoparticule et AgCl. Avec l'objectif de pouvoir étudier ce phénomène, une approche numérique pour accéder à la dynamique des charges induites par une perturbation externe a été développée. Cette approche a en particulier permis de montrer qu'un état excitonique lié influence la dynamique des charges de façon très importante. Enfin, nous avons effectué une première modélisation du transfert de charge aux interfaces entre une nanoparticule d'argent et AgCl, en étudiant une hétéro-structure simplifiée. Nous avons montré le changement du spectre de AgCl dû au voisinage de l'argent métallique et validé l'utilisation de la théorie des milieux effectifs pour décrire ces changements. Des calculs de la densité induite par des perturbations périodiques ont été réalisés. Ces calculs restent lourds, et l'étude se poursuivra avec l'idée de combiner les calculs ab initio avec la théorie des milieux effectifs
In 1848, Edmond Becquerel proposed one of the first techniques of color photography. This technique raised a long-standing debate in the scientific community concerning the origin of the observed colors. In 2019, Victor de Seauve, during his thesis at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, could clarify some important issues, proposing a new explanation. The aim of the present thesis was to participate in this effort of comprehension, by adding theoretical insight. The first question is which level of theory one may adopt in order to correctly describe the electronic and optical properties of AgCl. Our calculations show that only the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation is able to describe the optical spectrum of AgCl, since the spectrum is dominated by a strong peak at the absorption onset, due to a bound exciton. Moreover, the calculation has to be based on a band structure that results from a self-consistent GW calculation. In order to make the Bethe-Salpeter calculations possible, a previously proposed model dielectric function was used in an improved way. Our results well describe the measured absorption spectra, and enable us to analyse and interpret the observations. In the hypothesis brought forward by the team at the Museum, the light excites a silver nanoparticle, followed by a transfer of charge at the interface between the nanoparticle and AgCl. In order to be able to study this phenomenon, we have developed a numerical approach describing the charge dynamics due to an external perturbation. In particular, this approach has allowed us to show that a bound exciton influences the charge dynamics significantly. Finally, we have set up a first model meant to simulate the charge transfer between a silver nanoparticle and AgCl, based on a simplified heterostructure. We have shown how the absorption spectrum of AgCl changes due to its neighbourhood to the silver metal, and how these changes can be described by the effective medium theory. Calculations of the density induced by a periodic perturbation have been carried out. These calculations remain cumbersome, and the study will continue with the idea to combine ab initio calculations with effective medium theory
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Calhoun, Robert Bensen. "Microplastic deformation of polycrystalline silver chloride containing a small volume fraction of hard inclusions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49664.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1998.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-138) and index.
Silver chloride is a ductile ionic solid which has mechanical properties typically associated with metals. A new method is presented for making composites of silver chloride doped with 500 ppm copper chloride (CuC1) and 0.01 volume percent of 1 to 5 micron glass spheres and particles. After rolling, recrystallizing and tensile testing, composite samples are exposed to UV light. This "decorates" dislocations in the top 40 microns of a sample with metallic silver so they can be seen with an optical microscope. Dislocation decoration is used to investigate the nucleation of dislocations in polycrystals. In one set of experiments, precisely determined thermal misfit strains are generated between the AgC1 and spherical inclusions by quenching. The critical sphere diameter dp required for punching compares favorably with the predictions of Ashby and Johnson (1969). For spheres larger than the critical diameter, the data are well-fit by a stochastic model for heterogeneous nucleation which predicts that the probability of one or more loops nucleating is 1 - exp(-cdp). In other experiments, dislocation decoration is used to reveal dislocations and slip bands in samples loaded to strains of 90 to 250 microstrain. The equilibrium shape of prismatic loops under stress compares favorably to a dislocation-based model which incorporates the matrix friction stress and the orientation dependence of a dislocation's line energy. Additionally, the role that grain triple junctions and inclusions play in the nucleation of slip is considered. Statistical tests show slip is independent of inclusion location for diameters less than 5 microns. Conversely, triple junctions are positively correlated with slip (p-value= 0.00004). A simple model predicts 46% of slip bands should initiate at triple junctions, vs. 56% observed. In conclusion, slip bands do not nucleate at inclusions in grain interiors but at grain boundaries and in the largest grains first. Preliminary results obtained by straining AgCl with an NaCl epilayer support the conclusion that elastic compatibility effects between large features are more important in determining the initial yielding behavior than a small volume fraction of 1-5 micron inclusions.
by Robert Bensen Calhoun.
Ph.D.
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7

Hettiarachchi, Samanthika Ruvinie. "Exciplex Tuning and Optical Memory Studies for Dicyanoargentate(1) and Dicyanoaurate(1) Ions Doped in Potassium Chloride Crystals Extension to Mixed Metal Gold and Silver Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HettiarachchiSR2002.pdf.

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Kent, Ronald Douglas. "Controlled Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Dissolution Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35632.

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Incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into an increasing number of consumer products has led to concern over the potential ecological impacts of their unintended release to the environment. Dissolution is an important environmental transformation that affects the form and concentration of AgNPs in natural waters; however, studies on AgNP dissolution kinetics are complicated by nanoparticle aggregation. Herein, nanosphere lithography (NSL) was used to fabricate uniform arrays of AgNPs immobilized on glass substrates. Nanoparticle immobilization enabled controlled evaluation of AgNP dissolution in an air-saturated phosphate buffer (pH 7, 25 °C) under variable NaCl concentrations in the absence of aggregation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to monitor changes in particle morphology and dissolution. Over the first day of exposure to ⠥10 mM NaCl, the in-plane AgNP shape changed from triangular to circular, the sidewalls steepened, and the height increased by 6-12 nm. Subsequently, particle height and in-plane radius decreased at a constant rate over a 2-week period. Dissolution rates varied linearly from 0.4 to 2.2 nm/d over the 10-550 mM NaCl concentration range tested. NaCl-catalyzed dissolution of AgNPs may play an important role in AgNP fate in saline waters and biological media. This study demonstrates the utility of NSL and AFM for the direct investigation of un-aggregated AgNP dissolution.
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9

Ha, Hung M. "Micro- and Nano-Scale Corrosion in Iron-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Sam 1651 and Silver-cored MP35N Lt Composite." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1260391940.

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Seauve, Victor de. "À l’origine des couleurs des images photochromatiques d’Edmond Becquerel : étude par spectroscopies et microscopies électroniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE023/document.

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Les premières photographies couleurs produites par Edmond Becquerel au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle à Paris en 1848 ont suscité un débat scientifique intense tout au long du XIXème siècle. La question de l’origine des couleurs de ces photographies a vu s’affronter les partisans d’une hypothèse pigmentaire et ceux d’une hypothèse interférentielle. Au cours du XXème siècle, cette question n’a pas été définitivement tranchée. Ce travail doctoral se propose d’appréhender la nature de ces images dites « photochromatiques » par une approche expérimentale. Nous nous sommes dans un premier temps intéressés aux étapes de sensibilisation du plaqué argent et d’exposition de la surface sensible aux rayonnements visibles, dans le but de répliquer le procédé Becquerel et de comprendre la photosensibilité de ces images. Les propriétés optiques des couches sensibles et colorées ont été caractérisées en spectroscopie UV-visible et mises en relation avec leurs compositions chimiques (étudiées en XAS) et leurs morphologies, de l’échelle micro- à nanométrique (étudiées en MEB et TEM). La grande sensibilité des échantillons aux faisceaux photoniques (UV-visible et rayons X) et électroniques a imposé un développement méthodologique afin de comprendre et de limiter les effets de sonde. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de réfuter l’hypothèse de phénomènes interférentiels comme origine des couleurs des images photochromatiques, hypothèse qui prévaut dans la littérature depuis la fin du XIXème siècle. Les couches sensibles et colorées sont constituées de grains de chlorure d’argent micrométriques décorés de nanoparticules d’argent. Ces nanoparticules d’argent, que nous avons étudiées en EELS low loss, sont responsables de l’absorption dans le visible des couches sensibles et colorées par résonance de plasmons de surface. Ceci nous conduit à proposer une origine plasmonique aux couleurs des images photochromatiques, hypothèse discutée dans cette thèse
The first colour photographs were produced in 1848 by Edmond Becquerel at the Museum of natural History in Paris. The origin of their colours motivated an intense debate between the scientists during the XIXth century. Two main hypotheses were proposed, namely a pigmentary hypothesis and an interferential hypothesis. Nowadays the question of the colours of those photochromatic images is still not settled and this doctoral research aims at addressing it by an experimental approach. We first studied the sensitizing of the silver plate and the exposure of the sensitive surface to light in order to replicate the Becquerel process and to gain information on the photosensitivity of these images. The optical properties of the sensitized and coloured layers were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and related to their chemical composition (studied by XAS) and their morphologies, from the micro to the nanoscale (studied by SEM and TEM). A methodological development was necessary to understand and overcome the sensitivity of the samples to photonic beams (UV-visible and X-rays) and electronic beams. The results allow us to reject the interferential hypothesis, which prevailed since the end of the XIXth century. The sensitized and coloured layers consist in micrometric silver chloride grains decorated by silver nanoparticles. Besides, these nanoparticles, which we investigated by low loss EELS, are responsible for the visible absorption of sensitized and coloured layers through surface plasmon resonance. We suggest that the photochromatic images colours have a plasmonic origin and hereby discuss this hypothesis
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Books on the topic "Silver chloride"

1

Gallagher, N. P. Recovery of lead and silver from plumbojarosite by hydrothermal sulfidation and chloride leaching. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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Gallagher, N. P. Recovery of lead and silver from plumbojarosite by hydrothermal sulfidation and chloride leaching. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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Sandberg, R. G. Recovery of silver, gold, and lead from a complex sulfide ore using ferric chloride, thiourea, and brine leach solutions. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Recovery of Silver, Gold, and Lead From A Complex Sulfide Ore Using Ferric Chloride, Thiourea, and Brine Leach Solutions. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Bertole, Christopher Jason. Oxygen pathways on unpromoted and chlorine inhibited silver epoxidation catalysts. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Woodbury, Walter E. Gelatino-Chloride of Silver Printing-Out Process: Including Directions for the Production of the Sensitive Paper. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Woodbury, Walter E. Gelatino-Chloride of Silver Printing-Out Process: Including Directions for the Production of the Sensitive Paper. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Slyke, Donald Dexter Van. Action of Molecular Silver, of Silver Sulfate and Chloride, and of Sulfuric Acid upon Halogenated Derivatives of Triphenylcarbinolchloride : (a Contribution to the Theory Concerning the Structure of the Colored Triphenylmethane Derivatives. ). Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2015.

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Kalinin, A. A., Ye E. Savchenko, and V. Yu Prokofiev. Mineralogy and genesis of the Oleninskoe gold deposit (Kola Peninsula). FRC KSC RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/978.5.91137.446.4.

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Data on geology of the Oleninskoe deposit, and results of mineralogical and geochemical investigations of ores and altered rocks are presented. Mineralization is connected with granite porphyry sills, an end member of gabbrodiorite-diorite-granodiorite complex of minor intrusions. The main alteration processes are diopsidization and biotitization, formation of quartz-muscovite-albite, quartz-aresenopyrite-tourmaline, and quartz metasomatic rocks. More than 50 ore minerals (sulfides, sulfosalts, tellurides, and native metals) were identified in the ore, including 20 minerals of silver and gold. Mineral associations in the ore and sequence of mineral formation are defined. Five generations of gold-silver alloys are identified, its composition covers spectrum from native silver to high-grade gold. Mineralized fluids in the deposit are of high salinity (sodium and calcium chlorides), and rich in As, Sb, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ag. The Oleninskoe deposit is classified as an epithermal metamorphosed gold deposit.The book is of interest for specialists in economic geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of ore deposits.
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Book chapters on the topic "Silver chloride"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Silver Chloride." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 504. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9376.

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Bailar, John C., and Aaron Wold. "Crystalline Silver Chloride." In Inorganic Syntheses, 18–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132517.ch4.

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Hüttner, W. "1 AgCl X 1Σ+ Silver chloride." In Diamagnetic Diatomic Molecules. Part 1, 15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69954-5_3.

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Hirota, E., K. Kuchitsu, T. Steimle, J. Vogt, and N. Vogt. "2 AgClXe Silver chloride – xenon (1/1)." In Molecules Containing No Carbon Atoms and Molecules Containing One or Two Carbon Atoms, 32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70614-4_3.

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Wlodarczak, G. "2 AgArCl Silver chloride - argon (1/1)." In Linear Polyatomic Molecules, 26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44926-3_4.

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Wlodarczak, G. "5 AgClKr Silver chloride - krypton (1/1)." In Linear Polyatomic Molecules, 29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44926-3_7.

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Wlodarczak, G. "6 AgClXe Silver chloride - xenon (1/1)." In Linear Polyatomic Molecules, 30–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44926-3_8.

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Mechaour, Salah Seghir, Akila Derardja, M. Jamal Deen, and Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy. "New Morphology of a Silver Chloride Surface Grown on Silver Wires." In Improved Performance of Materials, 63–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59590-0_6.

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Khullar, Piyush, and Robert G. Kelly. "Electrochemical Measurements in Thin Electrolyte Layers Using Sintered Silver/Silver Chloride Electrodes." In Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion Measurements, 294–322. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160920170230.

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Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, D. O’Connell, and F. Tamburini. "Purification Protocol." In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 33–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_3.

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AbstractThe five stepwise purification of extracts and final precipitation of silver phosphate (A1–A5) are described. The first two steps (A1 and A2) are removing organic matter and are concentrating the phosphate in the extract by reducing the volume. Certain cations could interfere with the precipitation of silver phosphate and are removed in step A3. Silver chloride, which, if not removed, could co-precipitate with silver phosphate, is removed in step A4. The final analyte is then precipitated in step A5. The filtration steps can be quite tedious, using vacuum filtration equipment is therefore recommended. Following step A5, the silver phosphate samples need to be weighed in for the measurement with a thermal conversion elemental analyser (TC/EA) coupled to a continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS).
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Conference papers on the topic "Silver chloride"

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Dutta, Arpan, Antti Matikainen, Sampson Andoh, and Tarmo Nuutinen. "SERS activity of photoreduced silver chloride crystals." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC-2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0001101.

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Patella, Bernardo, Giuseppe Aiello, Claudia Torino, Antonio Vilasi, Alan O'Riordan, and Rosalinda Inguanta. "Silver based sensors from CD for chloride ions detection." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fleps51544.2021.9469858.

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"Green synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles using Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa." In Powder Metallurgy and Advanced Materials. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291999-4.

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Evans, Kenneth J., S. Daniel Day, Gabriel O. Ilevbare, Michael T. Whalen, Kenneth J. King, Gary A. Hust, Lana L. Wong, John C. Estill, and Rau´l B. Rebak. "Anodic Behavior of Alloy 22 in Calcium Chloride and in Calcium Chloride Plus Calcium Nitrate Brines." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2140.

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Alloy 22 (UNS N60622) is a nickel-based alloy, which is extensively used in aggressive industrial applications, especially due to its resistance to localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in high chloride environments. The purpose of this work was to characterize the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in concentrated calcium chloride (CaCl2) brines and to evaluate the inhibitive effect of nitrate, especially to localized corrosion. Standard electrochemical tests such as polarization resistance and cyclic polarization were used. Results show that the corrosion potential of Alloy 22 was approximately −360 mV in the silver-silver chloride (SSC) scale and independent of the tested temperature. Cyclic polarization tests showed that Alloy 22 was mainly susceptible to localized attack in 5 M CaCl2 at 75°C and higher temperatures. The addition of nitrate in a molar ratio of chloride to nitrate equal to 10 increased the onset of localized corrosion to approximately 105°C. The addition of nitrate to the solution also decreased the uniform corrosion rate and the passive current of the alloy.
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Silver, Lissa P., Patrick S. Hamilton, and Michael G. Curley. "Comparison of Silver/Silver Chloride, Platinum, and Stainless Steel As Materials for Radio-Frequency Ablations." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24428.

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Abstract Tissue charring during radio frequency (RF) therapy causes an impedance rise and prevents further tissue heating from occurring. Charring can be exacerbated by electrochemical surface heating at electrode/tissue interfaces. Using electrode materials that have equal surface and bulk heating rates would be ideal to obtain maximum bulk heating before the onset of charring. Here we compare the surface-to-bulk heating characteristics of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl), platinum (Pt), and stainless steel (SS) during RF energy application in an effort to determine which material is best suited for RF ablation therapies.
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Souza, Ronny F. M., Madalena C. C. Areias, Marcelo Navarro, Michel Laurent, Eric Léonel, Christine Cachet-Vivier, and Lothar W. Bieber. "Electrochemical dimerization of benzyl chloride on a powder cathode of silver, graphite or silver-graphite mixture." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_20137119933.

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Zhang, Rongxiang, Jixian Zhang, Weidong Lai, Xiuhong Dai, Yanxia Hu, Li Han, and Xiaowei Li. "Photoelectron characteristic of silver chloride microcrystals adsorbing dye excited by laser." In International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.779639.

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Ahmed, Soleen Saeed, and Lazgin A. Jamil. "Standard Potential of the Silver-Silver Chloride Electrode in X% Ethylene Glycol - Water Mixtures at Different Temperatures." In 2018 International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering (ICOASE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoase.2018.8548834.

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Sobocinski, Raymond L., and Jeanne E. Pemberton. "Laser-Induced Thermal Decay of SERS as a Probe of Silver Surface Active Sites in Electrochemical Systems." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.pdp18.

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The activation parameters for the temperature dependent irreversible loss of surface enhanced Raman scattered (SERS) intensity from pyridine and chloride adsorbed at silver surfaces in an electrochemical environment have been determined. Accurate laser-induced surface temperatures must be known for these experiments and are calculated from the Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities of adsorbed pyridine. The laser-induced heating method is used successfully to promote a first order reaction at the electrode surface. It is found that the kinetic data follow Arrhenius behavior for both pyridine and chloride as shown in the figures. The activation energies are 13 kcal/mole and 26 kcal/mole for pyridine at two different types of sites on the silver surface. Similarly, values for coadsorbed chloride are determined from the Ag-Cl vibration and are found to be 13 kcal/mole and 25 kcal/mole. These values are consistent with a surface reaction that involves the discharge of a positively charged Ag adatom or cluster.
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Kang, Byeongdong, Moojoong Kim, Hyungmin Joo, Hyun Jung Kim, and Dong-Kwon Kim. "Experimental Study on Energy Harvesting From Salinity Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Ag/AgCl Deposited AAO Nanochannel Array." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64364.

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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is energy conversion phenomena which generates electricity from concentration gradient energy by mixing the ions in sea water with fresh water through ion-selective nanochannel. When nanochannels are filled with an aqueous solution, the surface of nanochannels is charged by ionization, ion adsorption, and ion dissolution. Therefore, co-ions are repelled from the nanochannels and only counter-ions can be transported through the nanochannels. As a result, the electric current can be generated by selective ion transport through the nanochannels from sea water to fresh water. Recently, solid-state nanochannels or nanopores have received attention because they have potential to replace polymer ion-selective membranes. Especially, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannel array has advantage of easiness of pore size control and high pore density. In the present study, to collect electric current generated by the nanochannels, we deposited the porous silver layer on both front and rear surface of the AAO nanochannel array by using e-beam evaporation and changed the silver layer to the silver/silver chloride layer by chemical oxidation with aqueous FeCl3. Finally, we conduct an experimental investigation for the power generation from the AAO nanochannel arrays placed between two potassium chloride solutions with various combinations of concentrations.
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Reports on the topic "Silver chloride"

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Hsu, P. C., Z. Chiba, B. J. Schumacher, L. C. Murguia, and M. G. Adamson. Recovery of silver from waste silver chloride for the MEO system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/250506.

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Johns, M. REMOVAL OF IODIDE FROM GROUNDWATER USING SILVER CHLORIDE WHITE PAPER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945003.

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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Map showing mineral resource assessment for silver, cobalt, and base metals in Proterozoic sedimentary rocks and for iron, chromium, nickel, talc, chlorite, gold, and graphite in Archean crystalline rocks, Dillon 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i1803d.

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