Journal articles: 'Silt'

1

Guo, Tianqiang, and Shamsher Prakash. "Liquefaction of Silts and Silt-Clay Mixtures." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 125, no. 8 (August 1999): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1999)125:8(706).

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Zhao, Weiguo, Xiangdong Han, Rennian Li, Yingjie Zheng, and Yanyan Wang. "Effects of size and concentration of silt particles on flow and performance of a centrifugal pump under cavitating conditions." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 34 (December 6, 2017): 1750312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917503122.

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To research effects of silt particles on the performance and cavitation flow fields, silt-laden cavitation flow was simulated in the centrifugal pump. Silt mean diameters are 0.005 mm and 0.010 mm and silt concentrations are 0.5% and 1.0%. Results show that silt particles with silt mean diameter 0.005 mm and silt concentration 1.0% and silt particles with silt mean diameter 0.010 mm and silt concentration 0.5% promote the development of cavitation and distribution range of vapor is larger than pure water. Effects of silt particles and cavitation make distribution range of turbulent kinetic energy larger than pure water and streamlines are more disorderedly. Silt particles with silt mean diameter 0.010 mm and silt concentration 1.0% have little effect on cavitation and distribution range of vapor is similar with pure water. Effects of silt particles make distribution range of turbulent kinetic energy larger than pure water and streamlines are more disorderedly than pure water. With the increase of silt mean diameter and silt concentration, head and efficiency decrease gradually. For silt particles promoting the evolution of cavitation, distribution range of turbulent kinetic energy is larger and streamlines are more disorderly than silt-laden cavitation flow with silt particles inhibiting the development of cavitation.

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Ritson, Katie. "Silt." Environmental Humanities 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-7754556.

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Qiang, Yan. "Effects of properties of silt particles on cavitating flow characteristics in a nozzle." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 21 (July 26, 2018): 1850242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918502421.

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To research the effects of properties of silt particles on cavitating flow, silt-laden cavitation flow in one 3D nozzle is simulated. Silt mean diameters are 0.005 mm, 0.007 mm, 0.009 mm, 0.010 mm, 0.012 mm, 0.013 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.020 mm, 0.026 mm, 0.030 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.040 mm, 0.046 mm, 0.050 mm and 0.056 mm. Silt concentrations vary from 1.0% to 10%. To measure the effects of silt particles, vapor contents under pure water cavitation flow and silt-laden cavitation flow conditions are calculated and compared. Results show that silt particles first promote the development of cavitation then inhibit the evolution of cavitation with the increase of silt concentration. Silt particles promotion scope decreases gradually and inhibition span increases constantly with the increase of silt mean diameter. Cavitation nuclei, vortices, slip velocity, virtual mass force and Saffman lift force have a closed relation with the promotion of silt particles. Vortices, viscosity and silt abrasion deeply influence the inhibition of cavitation.

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Pechetti, Durga, Dhiman Chatterjee, and M. Kamaraj. "Assessment of synergistic cavitation and silt erosion performance of hydraulic turbine steel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1411, no. 1 (November 1, 2024): 012072. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1411/1/012072.

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Abstract Hydraulic turbines endure degradation from cavitation erosion, silt erosion, corrosion, and fatigue, with combined silt and cavitation erosion exacerbating machinery deterioration, increasing repair costs, and reducing lifespan. While standardised tests for silt and cavitation erosion exist, they do not fully assess material suitability for such conditions. This study presents an accelerated testing methodology for 13Cr-4Ni Martensitic Stainless Steel, commonly used in hydraulic turbines, by comparing the effects of cavitation erosion, silt erosion, and combined cavitation and silt erosion. Experimental conditions include a submerged cavitating jet and two symmetrically placed submerged silt jets at a 30° impingement angle. Mass loss measurements are recorded to quantify performance under cavitation erosion, silt erosion, and combined cavitation and silt erosion. SEM imaging reveals distinct failure modes induced by these erosive modes. Results indicate that combined cavitation and silt erosion accelerate material degradation significantly, causing approximately 37 times more mass loss than the sum of their individual effects.

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Dong, Jing, Zhongdong Qian, Biraj Singh Thapa, Bhola Thapa, and Zhiwei Guo. "Alternative Design of Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump to Reduce the Effects of Silt Erosion." Energies 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010158.

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Large amounts of sediment in the Himalayan rivers causes severe silt erosion to the hydraulic machinery operating along these rivers. In this study, the effects of silt characteristics on the silt-erosion characteristics of a double-suction centrifugal pump was studied and the anti-erosion property of bionic convex domes on silt erosion under these conditions was explored by using computational-fluid-dynamics methods, partly supported by a painted-blade erosion experiment. The results show that the silt size affects the erosion position and erosion strength, whereas the silt concentration mainly affects the erosion strength for the studied range. The bionic convex domes provide an effective solution to improve the silt erosion for most of the investigated silt-laden conditions by decreasing the erosion rate and the erosion area of the blade. The anti-erosion mechanism was studied combined with large eddy simulation. The analysis shows that the relative velocity of water around the blade surface is changed and the mass flow rate of silt particles hitting the blade is reduced by inducing swirling flows around the bionic convex domes.

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Waldrop, Rosmarie. "Urgent Silt." Iowa Review 26, no. 2 (July 1996): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.4662.

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King, Brian. "Silt crucial." New Scientist 214, no. 2865 (May 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)61289-5.

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Khurana, Sourabh, Varun Goel, Khushmeet Kumar, and Muneesh Sethi. "Effect of Silt Size, Concentration on Erosion of Turgo Turbine Blades." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 13 (March 13, 2014): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v13i0.10060.

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An experimental investigation in actual flow conditions has been carried out to study the effect of silt size, concentration, jet velocity, operating hours and nozzle angle on erosive wear of Turgo impulse turbine blades. Experiments have shown that maximum erosion occurs at nozzle angle of 20ο for silt size 370 μm and silt concentration of 12000 ppm. During the experiments it has been observed that erosive wear depends on silt size, silt concentration, nozzle angle and operating hours of turbine. A correlation has also been developed as a function of silt size, silt concentration, operating hours of turbine and nozzle angle. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v13i0.10060HYDRO NEPAL Journal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue No.13, July 2013Page: Uploaded Date: 03-14-2014

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Taiba, Abdellah Cherif, Youcef Mahmoudi, Wiebke Baille, Torsten Wichtmann, and Mostefa Belkhatir. "Threshold silt content dependency on particle morphology (shape and size) of granular materials: review with new evidence." Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 18, no. 1 (2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/actageotechslov.18.1.28-40.2021.

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The threshold silt content is well known as a key parameter affecting the mechanical response of binary granular assemblies considering particle characteristics (size and shape). In this context, the threshold silt content (TSC) is determined from different laboratory tests based on packing density response (emax and emin versus silt content «Sc») and theoretical approaches proposed by several researchers in the specialized published literature using the characteristics of host sand and silt [emax(sand), emin(sand) , emax(silt) , emin(silt) , Gs , Gf and x]. The analysis of the recorded data indicates that the TSC derived from the (emax) curve appears more reliable than that obtained from the (emin) one. Moreover, it is found that the proposed analytical methods are suitable to quantify the threshold silt content (TSC) than that determined experimentally using the packing density (emax and emin). In addition, the test results show that the new introduced ratios [(D50s×As)/(D50f×Af)] and [(Cus×As)/(Cuf×Af)] determined based on particle characteristics (shape and size) appear as appropriate parameters for predicting the threshold silt content (TSC) of sand-silt mixture of the compiled data from the published literature as well as that of the present research related to Chlef sand, Fontainebleau sand and Hostun sand mixed with Chlef silt.

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Liu, Xiao Qiang, Yu Ting Zhang, Yan Hua Yang, and Ming Ming Li. "Research on Natural Settlement Rule of Dredged Silt in Tianjin Binhai Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.548.

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Main research object of this article is marine dredging silt in Tianjin Binhai region. It discusses natural settlement rule of dredged silt with different moisture content in Tianjin Binhai region through conducting indoor natural settlement model experiment to dredged silt of different moisture content. The results indicated that natural settlement of dredged silt in Tianjin Binhai region can be divided into three stages: the first stage is quick subsidence stage within 4-5 hours at the start of the experiment, during which settlement rate of dredged silt is fast and settlement volume is large; the second stage is natural deposition transition section stage within 2 days after the experiment, when settlement rate of dredged silt starts slow down but settlement volume is obvious; the third stage is dead-weight consolidation settlement stage of slow settlement after 2 days since the start of the experiment, in which settlement rate of dredged silt is slow and settlement volume is less. Settlement of Dredged silt in Tianjin Binhai region is greatly influenced by its initial moisture content. The higher the initial moisture content is the faster initial settlement rate of dredged silt will be and so is the final settlement volume of dredged silt.

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Shu, Shi, Xiaohuan Zhou, Yujie Gong, Haohui Wang, Yan Tang, and Junhao Chen. "Strength and Contaminant Toxicity Leaching Characteristics of MgO-Solidified Silt." Processes 12, no. 6 (May 25, 2024): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061086.

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Abstract: In this study, MgO as an environmentally friendly silt-solidifying material was first mixed with silt and then carbonized by injection with CO2. The strength and contaminant leaching characteristics of the MgO-solidified silt were studied using unconfined compressive strength and toxicity leaching tests, and the results were compared with those of cement-solidified silt. The unconfined compressive strength of the silt reached 111 kPa with 9% MgO content and a 14 d curing time. The CO2 injection further increased the unconfined compressive strength of the MgO-solidified silt by approximately 25%: the values for MgO-solidified silts without and with a CO2 injection were approximately 60% and 80%, respectively, of those of the cement-solidified silts with the same additive additions. The leaching concentrations of nutrient salts and heavy metal pollutants in the silt decreased with increased MgO content. Compared with the dredged silt, MgO solidification with carbonization reduced the leaching of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by more than 10% and 50%, respectively: these values were approximately 5% points higher than those of cement-solidified silt. Of the heavy metals, the leaching concentration of Ni was reduced the most. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for low-carbon treatment and green resource utilization of dredging silt.

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Shen, Quanjun, Peng Jiang, Xiaoning Zhang, Hao Sun, Yaohui Yang, Shuai Wang, Li Li, and Hongfa Shang. "Evaluation and Characterization of the Use of Industrial-Solid-Waste Curing Agent instead of Cement on Improved Alluvial Silt." Coatings 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101417.

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The silt in the Yellow River alluvial plain typically features low strength and poor water stability, and, thus, alluvial silt treatment needs an amount of cement to improve soil performance. The development of an alternative to reduce or replace the use of cement in soil stabilization has been a hot topic research for a long time. This paper develops an industrial-solid-waste (ISW) curing agent using a response surface methodology, which is a novel composite material made of steel slag, mineral slag, and two desulfurization products; its feasibility on improved silt is expected to be studied systematically. The comparative tests of ISW- and cement-improved silt were conducted to analyze performance and action mechanism. Variance and multiple regression analysis were used to study the effect of factors on responses statistically, and check the significance and correlation of the suggested models. Finally, the in-service performance of ISW-improved silt was evaluated through in-situ tests. Results show that ISW-improved silt can present good mechanical properties and durability, but is much weaker than cement-improved silt in the early curing stage. The strength enhancement amplitude of ISW-improved silt between curing ages of 7 days to 28 days is larger than that of cement-improved silt. The correlation between factors and responses is established with good agreement. Synergisms in the ISW curing agent are stimulated in the alkaline environment, and are conductive to connect the silt particles. The in-service performance of ISW-improved silt showed little difference to that of cement-improved silt; both of them meet the requirements from the perspective of in-situ application. Moreover, the unit cost of an ISW curing agent is less than 1/5 of that of cement. ISW-improved silt has advantages of cost saving, resource recycling and environmental protection.

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Waroszewski, Jaroslaw, Tobias Sprafke, Cezary Kabala, Elżbieta Musztyfaga, Beata Łabaz, and Przemysław Woźniczka. "Aeolian silt contribution to soils on mountain slopes (Mt. Ślęża, southwest Poland)." Quaternary Research 89, no. 3 (October 23, 2017): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.76.

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AbstractThis paper evaluates the possible contribution of aeolian silt to soils of Mt. Ślęża (southwest Poland). Silt loam textures are common across Lower Silesia and are often confused with silt clay loam, especially at the outer boundaries with thin loess deposits. Eight study sites with different thicknesses of silt loam mantles that are covered and/or mixed with underlying sediments were examined in the field. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed the particle size and geochemistry of representative horizons. Concentrations of major and trace elements as well as their cross ratios confirmed the aeolian origin of silt loam materials and clearly distinguished them from basal sediments. There is a clear relationship between the presence and depth of aeolian mantles and mixing zones with the type of underlying material. Furthermore, the incorporation of aeolian silt to regoliths/soils was a main agent initiating and stimulating clay translocation leading to the formation of an argic horizon below the silt mantles. Mixing aeolian silt with acid granite regoliths and further illuviation resulted in the formation of alisols, while silt contributions to serpentine sediments resulted in development of skeletic luvisols. Soils receiving very weak input of aeolian silts remain as leptosols/cambisols.

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Wang, Liyan, Bin Zhang, Hongmei Xie, Wenwei Ji, and Xiang Huang. "Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Marine Silt Modified by Steel Slag." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9647977.

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Modern coastal cities continue to expand to the sea, but the marine silt foundation has high water content and poor bearing capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to find economical and rapid ways to reduce the water content of the silt and improve the bearing capacity of the silt foundation. The steel slag is considered to be incorporated into silt to effectively reduce the moisture content of soil and improve the bearing capacity of the foundation due to its hard texture and strong water absorption capacity. In this paper, the shear strength characteristics of marine silt modified by steel slag were studied using an automatic triaxial instrument, as well as the relationship between steel slag incorporation and modified silt density. Experimental results showed that the incorporation of steel slag can effectively improve the shear strength of the silt. Besides, the influences of water content, steel slag incorporation, and confining pressure on the stress-strain curve characteristics and failure deviatoric stress of modified silt were also analyzed. The addition of steel slag increases the failure deviatoric stress of the silt. However, the increase of water content will weaken the effect of steel slag incorporation. The shear strength index of improved silt with different steel slag incorporation was compared with that of traditional soil, verifying the feasibility of its application in engineering construction.

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Liu, Yaxu, Zhuang Liu, Erwin Oh, and Dominic Ek Leong Ong. "Strength and Microstructural Assessment of Reconstituted and Stabilised Soft Soils with Varying Silt Contents." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080302.

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The study of the strength of reconstituted and stabilised soft soils is very important in geotechnical engineering. The soil particles, such as clay, sand, and silt play important roles in determining the behaviour of soils. The behaviour of clay and sand particles are unique; however, the behaviour of silt particles lie in a transitional form between sand and clay. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate (a) the effect of silt contents on the strength of soft soils; (b) the effect of silt content on the strength of cement-stabilised soft soils; and (c) the microstructure of the soft soil specimens stabilised by cement with varying particle size distribution. A series of tests consisting in consolidated, isotropic undrained (CIU) triaxial tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were conducted in this study to achieve these objectives. In conclusion, the relationship between the silt content and critical state behaviour of soft soils (both clay and silt particles) are proposed. For the cement-stabilised specimens, the unconfined compressive strength increases with the increase in silt content when the cement content is 10%. However, the UCS decreases with the increase in silt content when cement content is 30%. With cement content ranging from 15–25%, the UCS increases at first with the increase of silt content but decreases once the silt content reaches a ‘saturation’ point.

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Kareem, Abdul, Aneeq Ahmad, and Muhammad Waqas. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT RESPONSE OF GAZANIA (GAZANIA RIGENS) TO DIFFERENT SOURCES OF CROP RESIDUES AS GROWING MEDIA." Science Heritage Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gws.01.2023.24.26.

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This study investigated effects of various crop residues on Gazania development and growth. A twenty-day pot research was conducted with transplant seedlings on various crop residues as media, including FYM+Silt (1:3), FYM+Silt (1:3) cockscomb and maize residues as treatment Silt as FYM+Silt control (1:3). Completely Randomized Design (RCBD) was applied to test the significance of the treatments and to compare them. The effectiveness data was. FYM+Silt (1:3) was noticeably better at competing with assessed crop residues. As a result, FYM+Silt (1:3) strongly influenced plant height (38.66 cm) with maximum number of leaves (392.00) and more number of branches (45.66) as the control. This result suggests that crop residues affect Gazania’s growth and productivity somewhat positively. In the meantime, FYM+Silt (1:3) are good medium for gazania’s growth performance.

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B. Ramya, B. Krishna Rao, G. Manoj Kumar, Y. Siva Lakshmi, Brajendra, H. Sandeep, and V. Ramesh. "Recycling of tank silt for improving soil health and crop productivity in Telangana." Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 50, no. 2 (February 19, 2025): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.59797/ijsc.v50.i2.165.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of tank silt application on soil health, soil texture and productivity of the crops in Warangal and Khammam districts of Telangana state in southern India. Tank silt was applied to the agricultural fields during desiltation of tanks. The soil samples and other data were collected separately from the fields with and without silt application during 2018-19. These soil samples were analysed for EC, pH, OC, N, P, K and soil texture. Hydrometer method was used for analysing the percentage of sand, silt and clay in the inorganic fraction of soil. The crop productivity data of paddy, cotton and chillies for both kharif and rabi seasons were collected from crop cutting experiments in 208-19. The Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of silt applied fields decreased upto 15.91% and 1.19% respectively. The organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) of a soil increased upto 10.13%, 41.38%, 76.58% and 46.70% in silt applied fields respectively. The percentage of sand decreased from 44.83 to 32.03 and clay increased from 38.93 to 51.87 in silt applied fields. The crop productivity increased upto 30-36% in Paddy, Cotton and Chillies. Therefore the EC, pH and percentage of sand of a soil decreased in silt applied fields due to the application of silt; OC, N, P, K, percentage of silt and clay increased due to application of silt, as it has high porous, fertile and biological materials in it. This study concluded that the tank silt application helped in improving the soil health and storage capacity of the tanks. The groundwater levels also increased after tank desiltation works thereby increasing the cultural command area and crop productivity.

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Islam, TSA, Y. Zaker, MA Hossain, and MS Islam. "Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Silt Prepared From Bijoypur Soil." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 39, no. 1 (August 1, 2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v39i1.16033.

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Silt obtained from fractionated Bijoypur soil based on particle size (53~140?m) was characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), LIBS (Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray diffraction) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy). pHzpc (Zero point charge pH) of silt was also determined by titrimetric method. The scanning electron micrograph of silt was taken in two different magnifications. Micrographs show that the surface of silt is slightly homogenic in nature and the particle size varied between 50 and 100 ?m. Elemental analysis of silt was performed by LIBS. According to this Fe, Si, Ti, Cu, Zn and Na are present in silt. XRD analysis indicates that silt fraction of Bijoypur soil is closely similar to kaolinite but it contains significant proportion of quartz. FT-IR analysis shows the presence of Zn=O, OH, Al-O-Si, Fe-O, Al-OH and Si-O bonds. The pHzpc value of silt was obtained as 6.39 ± 0.02 indicating neutrality of the surface. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(1): 53-60, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v39i1.16033

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Dong, Wanying, Weiyang Gu, Qiwei Zhan, Anhui Wang, and Juanlan Zhou. "Study on the Property and Mechanism of Low Content Cement-Industrial Waste Residue Silt Solidification." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4388.

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In this paper, industrial waste residue was used as the main cementing material instead of Portland cement to solidify the silt, which was in contrast with the single cement solidified silt. Firstly, the mechanical properties and influence laws of single cement and different mix ratio cement-industrial waste solidified silt were carried out. Secondly, the optimal mix ratio of solidified silt was obtained as: Portland cement: blast furnace slag: phosphogypsum = 3:6:1. Compared with the solidified silt with single cement, the compressive strength of the solidified silt with composite curing agent reached 517.19 kPa after curing for 28 days, which was 80.09% higher than that of the solidified silt with single cement. Finally, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and nitrogen adsorption pore analyzer were used to study the composition, quantity, microstructure and pore characteristics of the minerals generated during the solidification process of the composite curing agent, so as to reveal the mechanism of the effective solidification of the silt by the composite curing agent. The test results showed that the secondary hydration reaction of blast furnace slag can be co-stimulated by the cement hydration products Calcium hydroxide and phosphogypsum, and the hydration products formed Hydrated calcium silicate colloid and Ettringite crystal. The hydration products with colloid properties were added to the solidified silt system, which will significantly improve the solidified silt performance of the composite curing agent. Hydrated calcium silicate colloid and Ettringite crystal played an important role in the skeleton and filling, and the structure of the silt solidified by the compound curing agent was more compact.

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Xiang, Xian Chao, and Chang Qi Zhu. "Study on Physical-Mechanical Properties of Xiamen Coast Silt." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1842.

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Silt is widely distributed in coast area. Its consolidation is a popular geotechnical engineering issue. Coast silt is always under seasonal wave and tide, which made great influence on the consolidation process. Abundant lab and in-situ tests are used to study on the physical-mechanical properties of Xiamen coast silt. The engineering characteristic of the coast silt taken from Xiamen is evaluated and the relationships between physics and mechanics indexes such as compression coefficient, water content, void ratio, cohesion and internal friction angle are analyzed, and the linear regression equations between silt parameter is established. Then two in-situ tests cone penetration test (CPT) and flat dilatometer test (DMT) are applied to study the properties of coast silt, abundant in-situ test data obtained.

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Wang, Wei, and Xiao Si Su. "The Research of Petroleum Contaminated Site Media for Adsorption of Petroleum Pollutant." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1038.

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Base on the geological, hydrogeological condition survey of petroleum contaminated site, we choose benzene, dichloromethane, chloroform as target pollutants, and research the adsorption characteristics of target pollutant on the site soil media. Mainly design adsorption kinetics experiment and isothermal adsorption experiment of target pollutant on sandy silt, silt and fine sand. The result of the experiments show that the finer media the adsorption equilibrium time is shorter, the equilibrium time is sandy silt chloroform >dichloromethane, Migration is dichloromethane > chloroform > benzene. To same pollutant, the maximum adsorption of target pollutant is sandy silt >silt >fine sand.

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Xu, Yao, Shu Cai Li, Xiao Zhang, Bin Yan, and Chun Mei Zhu. "Dynamic Consolidation Test Study on Silt and Silt Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.537.

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A dynamic consolidation model of double layered foundation of saturated soil and unsaturated soil is proposed. Mechanism of dynamic compaction treating on double layered foundation is studied by the model. On the base of the mechanism a new technology called soil-mound dynamic consolidation can be applied to treat the ground of saturated silt and silty clay with high groundwater level. The water-pore pressure test, static cone penetration test, settlement plate test are applied to evaluate that of the new technology with different construction parameters. The treatment effect is more remarkable than that of plastic drain-dynamic consolidation.

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Moshi, Baraka, Zacharia Katambara, and Mwajuma Lingwanda. "Assessment of Siltation Impact and Mitigation Strategies for Sustaining Storage Capacity in Lwanyo Dam, Tanzania." Mbeya University of Science and Technology Journal of Research and Development 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.62277/mjrd2024v5i30058.

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The ongoing generation, transportation, and deposition of silt in the Lwanyo Dam has significantly reduced the storage capacity of the Lwanyo Reservoir, originally constructed to support irrigation and the surrounding ecosystem. The objective of this paper was to assess the extent of siltation in Lwanyo Dam, evaluate its impact on the dam's storage capacity, and propose measures to mitigate silt accumulation. The upstream catchment area, approximately 39.6 km², includes around 128,991 m² allocated for rain-fed crop cultivation and 5.89 km² for pastoral activities. Frequent overtopping of the reservoir has been observed, largely due to siltation reducing its live storage capacity. In the reservoir trial pits were excavated and assessed, and they indicate that average silt layers range in thickness from 0.54 m to 0.98 m per rainy season. The deposited material consists of a silt layer from 0 to 540 mm, followed by an intermediate clay layer from 540 mm to 3100 mm. The impounded silt depth was measured at 1270 mm, with an estimated siltation volume of 58,349.4644 m³. The reservoir's original storage capacity of 210,153 m³ has been reduced by 27.765% due to siltation. The reservoir’s structural design inadequately addresses silt management, lacking both silt flushing tunnels and upstream silt check dams. The analysis indicates that storage capacity decreases by 3.085% annually, and if this linear trend continues without any intervention measures, the dam will lose all storage capacity within 24 years. The study recommends urgent measures to mitigate silt accumulation.

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Masnang, Andi, Asmanur Jannah, Reny Andriyanty, and Umi Haryati. "The Effectiveness and Valuation of Using Silt Pit to Reduce Erosion and Nutrient Loss of Andosol." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2022.v27i1.27-35.

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The silt pit is a method of soil management that functions to accommodate and absorb surface runoff. The research aimed to determine the silt pit effectiveness for erosion reduction and nutrient loss. The research is located at 576 above sea level (asl) in Sukamantri village, Taman Sari district, Bogor Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replications and a slope group. The treatments were R0 (without silt pit); R1 (silt pit); R2 (silt pit + mulch); R3 (silt pit + mulch + biopore tube), R4 (silt pit + mulch + biopore tube + vertical crop tube). The highest runoff-decreasing occurred on R4 treatment, which pressed down 29.38% runoff. The highest value of erosion-decreasing occurred on R2 as 68.74% and followed by effectiveness in reducing the loss of 71% Organic C, 76% available P, and 67% total N. The dry seeds peanut yield was around 0.54 - 0.86 Mg ha-1, dried pods was 0.96 - 1.33 Mg ha-1, and dried biomass was 5.16 - 6.23 Mg ha-1 and not significantly different between all treatments. This study recommends that farmers apply silt pit innovation technology with a combination of mulch, biopore, and mature green media because the incremental B/C ratio was 1.175. It is a good economic indicator for farmers.

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Polito, Carmine P., and Erin L. D. Sibley. "Threshold fines content and behavior of sands with nonplastic silts." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 3 (March 2020): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0698.

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The threshold fines content of a sand with nonplastic fines represents the silt content where the soil transitions from being a sand matrix, with silt particles entirely contained in the voids between the sands, to being a silt matrix that contains isolated sand grains. A laboratory testing program was performed on a series of mixtures of sand and silt, with silt contents ranging from 0% to 45%, to determine if the friction angle, cyclic resistance, and normalized dissipated energy per unit volume required to initiate liquefaction changed based upon the silt content of the soil relative to the threshold fines content. These data were evaluated with respect to whether the silt content of the specimens was below the lower-bound threshold fines content or above the upper-bound threshold fines content. It was determined that soils above the upper-bound threshold fines content had lower friction angles, lower cyclic resistances, and required less normalized dissipated energy per unit volume to initiate liquefaction than soils below the lower-bound threshold fines content. It was also shown that under the larger strains experienced during monotonic testing, the friction angle did not reach a constant value until it was well above the upper-bound limiting silt content.

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Lancaster, Nicholas. "On the formation of desert loess." Quaternary Research 96 (April 29, 2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.33.

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AbstractSequences of quartz-rich coarse (20−63 μm) silt occur in many low- and midlatitude unglaciated arid and semiarid areas and have been termed “desert loess.” The processes by which these deposits are generated have been debated for decades. All hypotheses to explain their origin seek to provide mechanisms for the generation of silt-sized material without glacial grinding, which is the main process involved in the production of coarse silt at high latitudes. Possible mechanisms for the formation of coarse silt in arid regions include derivation from preexisting siltstones, mechanical weathering of silicate rocks, and abrasion of sand grains in active dune environments during intense transport events. Examination of the characteristics of desert loess and field and laboratory experiments to assess the role of dune areas as a source of coarse silt by abrasion and/or resuspension of residual fines suggests that many loess sequences are dominated by locally derived coarse silt. Improvements in the characterization of desert loess particle size, mineralogy, and geochemistry are needed, however, to identify sources and sinks of coarse silt, especially when combined with climatic back-trajectory analysis. Properly scaled experiments and modeling of particle collisions will also help to better quantify the effectiveness of abrasion in the generation of coarse silt in support of field observations.

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Wu, Biao, Jing Yuan Kou, Ming Min Xuan, Yu Li, Xi Yong Xu, and Wen Ni Yi. "Study on dynamic characteristics of salinized silt under cyclic loading." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 6, 2024): e0290648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290648.

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Under the repeated action of aircraft taxiing load, the subgrade plastic deformation becomes the key factor affecting the service performance of the airfields when salinized silt is used to fill the subgrade. In this study, the dynamic triaxial tests were carried out on a region in the northern part of China to study the effects of different salt contents on the dynamic characteristics of silt under cyclic loading. A prediction model for the salinized silt dynamic strength with a plastic strain of 4% as the failure criterion for the subgrade was thus proposed. It is found that with the increase of dynamic stress amplitude, the salinized silt plastic deformation transforms gradually from plastic deformation to incremental failure. The salt contents significantly influence the plastic strain and critical dynamic stress of silt. The strength of the salinized silt specimen is related to the ion concentration in the soil pores and the arrangement pattern of soil particles, as indicated by the progressive strength increase of the salinized silt at the low salt content of 1% and a further gradual decrease at high salt content.

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Adams, Steven M., and Gerilyn S. Soreghan. "A test of the efficacy of sand saltation for silt production: Implications for the interpretation of loess." Geology 48, no. 11 (July 21, 2020): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47282.1.

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Abstract Production of the silt that forms loess is attributed to processes operating in both glacial systems (glacial grinding) and sandy deserts (saltation-induced fracturing). However, the efficacy of saltation for significant silt production is controversial. Understanding the potential for silt production in deserts is essential for determining the paleoclimatic significance of loess. To better assess the significance of eolian abrasion for silt production, experimental abrasion was conducted in a device designed to simulate sand saltation at sustained storm-wind velocities (∼25 m/s). The design differs from previous work in (1) maintaining strong measured velocities for long duration, (2) removing preexisting silt and utilizing control samples, (3) and scaling results to estimate potential for loess accumulation. Scaling experimental rates of production to geologic proportions indicates that eolian abrasion of sand produces insufficient silt to create geologically significant loess deposits.

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Liu, Xiaoyan, Jinpeng Zhao, and Lulu Liu. "Advancements in the Evolution of Engineering Characteristics and Reinforcement Technologies for Subgrade Silt." Materials 16, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 6965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216965.

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Technical challenges associated with the treatment of silt subgrades frequently arise in coastal and river delta areas. Given the importance of environmental sustainability, the selection of efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly techniques for silt subgrade stabilization is paramount. While recycled polyester fibers primarily sourced from discarded polyester bottles have not yet been systematically employed in silt subgrade reinforcement, their potential is considerable. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the microstructural, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of silt, summarizing prior advancements in silt stabilization methodologies. Building upon this foundation, we introduce a novel approach utilizing recycled polyester fibers for silt subgrade improvement, outlining both its application prospects and challenges, which require further investigation. The findings of this study serve as a robust scientific foundation for the broader adoption and engineering implementation of this technology.

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Wang, Ke Dao, and Jin Hua Wang. "Tendency of Beach Surface between Maojiagang Two Moles." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.292.

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After Maojiagang two moles was established, beach surfaces between two moles have occurred obvious silt up, rush to silt tendency and have occurred obvious change. The speed that beach surface silts up has occurred obvious change: In first year, it is rapid that beach surface silt up; Second year, beach surface silts up obvious slack off , and reaches balance step by step; After 3 years, beach surface silt up was obvious seasonal change elevation change.

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Strachan, Lorna J., Helen C. Bostock, Philip M. Barnes, Helen L. Neil, and Matthew Gosling. "Non-cohesive silt turbidity current flow processes; insights from proximal sandy-silt and silty-sand turbidites, Fiordland, New Zealand." Sedimentary Geology 342 (August 2016): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.06.017.

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Nougar, Benali, Abdelkader Brahimi, Djamel Edddine Bouri, Abdallah Krim, Omar Safer, Kamel Menad, and Ahmed Arab. "Application of the hypoplastic model for validating direct shear tests to investigate the impact of fines on the behavior of chlef sand." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 10, no. 4 (May 27, 2024): 18878. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl10iss4pp18878.

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This study was carried out to describe the mechanical behavior of different materials in terms of shear strength, cohesion and friction. For this purpose, an experimental shear tests were carried out. The soils used for the preparation of the samples were the Chlef sand, Chlef silt and M’zilla clay and a mixture composed of 50% of silt and 50% of clay. The soils were prepared by mixing Chlef sand with fines content of silt, clay or clay silt ranging from 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The tests were conducted on sand samples prepared at a relative density of 20% representing a loose state and subjected to three normal stresses of 100, 200 and 400 kPa. All the tests were conducted at constant displacement rate of 1.00 mm/min. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the clean sand showed the highest shear strength at a small strains. At large strains, sands with 30% clay rather than 30% clay silt showed the highest shear strengths respectively. More contracted sands have the greatest increased maximum shear strengths. The sand with clayey silt, at a fine content of 20%, develops the most increased cohesion, among the other silty-clayey sands, together with the most reduced shear strength in elastic behavior. The sand with 40% of silt content develops a greater internal friction angle, however, the other silty sands, showed reduced shear strength, at the same behavior. To validate these findings, numerical simulations were performed on sand-silt mixtures using the hypoplastic model. The results indicated that the hypoplastic model accurately predicts the shear behavior of sand-silt mixtures in direct shear test, providing realistic insights into the effects of fines on the mechanical properties of the soil. Keywords: Sand, Silt, Clay, Fines Content, Shear Strength, Friction, Cohesion.

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Zhang, Hongbo, Xiaolin Qi, Chuanyi Ma, Jianqing Wu, Yufeng Bi, Renjuan Sun, Jintao Yu, Dongdong Xie, and Jie Song. "Effect Analysis of Soil Type and Silt Content on Silt-Based Foamed Concrete with Different Density." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 3866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173866.

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This paper investigates the influence of silt content and coarse particle content on the mechanical and physical properties of foamed concrete, including compressive and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, drying shrinkage, and air-void structure. Four types of silt with different coarse particle contents were obtained by soil mixing. The results showed that high density, low silt content, and high coarse particle content can provide better mechanical properties. High silt content and high coarse particle content would lead to lower drying shrinkage. Silt content was the main factor affecting the pore distribution of foamed concrete, and higher coarse particle content could optimize the air-void structure. Meanwhile, the change in air-void structure can accordingly affect the water absorption of foamed concrete. Results showed that, at the same density and silt content, higher coarse particle content can optimize the physical and mechanical properties of foamed concrete.

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35

Solouki, Abbas, Piergiorgio Tataranni, Giulia Tarsi, and Cesare Sangiorgi. "Waste Silt as Filler in Hot Mix Asphalt: A Laboratory Characterization." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063473.

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Several studies aimed to improve both the performance and environmental impact of asphalt pavements using waste and recycled materials as fillers. This study focused on the effect of untreated and thermally treated silt as a filler in hot mix asphalt (HMA). The silt used in the study was a byproduct from a local aggregate production plant in Bologna, Italy. Mineral and chemical analyses revealed that the waste silt required thermal treatment at 750 °C for 2 h. The study compared the use of calcined silt, untreated silt, and a common limestone filler in the production of asphalt mastics and HMA specimens. The rheological properties of the mastics were analyzed using frequency sweep and multiple stress creep recovery tests. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the HMAs were evaluated through the air voids content, Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength tests. Additionally, the water susceptibility and thermal sensitivity of the HMAs were evaluated through the indirect tensile strength ratio and indirect tensile stiffness modulus at different testing temperatures. The results showed that the addition of calcined silt had no significant effect on the rheological properties of the mastic or the optimal binder content. However, the samples produced with thermally treated silt showed the highest stiffness and resistance to rutting compared with the other samples. On the other hand, the addition of untreated silt slightly decreased the stiffness value of the samples. In conclusion, the use of waste silt as a filler has potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for HMAs.

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Zhou, Baiqing, and Xiaohui Ji. "Establishing the Cause of Fouling in a Direct Drainage-Type Cooling Water System." Materials Performance 45, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 32–35. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2006_45_2-32.

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Fouling occurred on heat exchangers in a Chinese power plant. The investigation included composition analysis and comparisons of cooling water, fouling, silt, microorganisms, and biological slime. Silt was found to be the source of the fouling. Results indicate that silt should be considered in the daily water quality monitoring process in a direct drainage-type cooling water system. The cooling water intake should be kept high enough above the supply reservoir bottom to prevent picking up silt.

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37

Budianto, Eko, Chitra Utary, Hairulla, and Dina Limbong Pamuttu. "Experimental Study of Silty Soil Using Gypsum and Cement on California Bearing Ratio (CBR)." MATEC Web of Conferences 372 (2022): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237202009.

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Merauke Regency is a lowland area, with soft soil conditions that dominate and urgently need to be stabilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of a mixture of cement and gypsum as a stabilizing agent. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. The tests carried out are physical and mechanical properties testing. Laboratory CBR is used to determine the value of the increase in CBR on the original soil and soil that has been mixed with cement and gypsum variations. Based on the results of testing the physical properties of the grain fraction for silt of 85.88%, in the calcification using the AASHTO method this soil is included in group A-5 with a description of silt soil with high plasticity. From the results of the tests carried out the CBR value on silt soil is 2.62% while the CBR value of stabilized soil with a percentage of 100% silt + 2% cement + 4% gypsum is 23.54%; 100% silt + 2% cement + 8% gypsum that is 24.41%; 100% silt + 2% cement + 12% gypsum ie 27.02%; 100% silt + 2% cement + 16% gypsum ie 30.51%; and 100% silt + 2% cement + 20% gypsum that is 31.38%. From the CBR value, it can be concluded that the variation increased with each addition of cement and the percentage of gypsum.

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Wu, Dao Xiang, and Zhi Hai Wu. "Genesis, Distribution and Engineering Characteristics of Recently Deposited Silts in Huaibei Plain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.223.

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Huaibei Plain recently deposited silt by their causes can be divided into:1The recently deposited silt due to the divertion of Yellow River,is widely distributed in the Yellow River alluvial plain of Huaibei;2The deposited silt due to flooding of Huaihe River, mainly inFunan, Huaiyuan, as well as Wuhe near Huaihe River. Through the geological survey, exploration, and indoor and outdoor test data analysis, we had a research of Anhui Huaibei Plain recently deposited silt about its sediment characteristics, causes and distribution and Statistics of Anhui Huaibei Plain silt about the particle size composition, physical and mechanical properties;After comparison and analysis , the changing rule of soil physical and mechanical prosperties is evaluated in this paper.

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39

Bangguna, David, Irnovia B. Pakpahan, and Ifiginia. "Simulasi Pengaruh Arus Terhadap Simpangan dan Efisiensi Silt Screen." Potensi : Jurnal Sipil Politeknik 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/potensi.v23i1.2256.

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Slit screen yaitu tirai tidak kaku (screen) yang berfungsi untuk menahan laju sedimen khususnya lumpur (silt) yang membuat alur pelayaran di kolam labuh menjadi dangkal akibat siltasi (siltation). Silt screen dapat dibuat dari bahan geotekstil yang berfungsi sebagai penahan sedimen yang diberi pelampung dan pemberat dibawahnya. Dari simulasi silt screen menunjukkan bahwa pengikatan pelampung memberikan simpangan yang lebih rendah 21,15%sampai dengan 33,85% dengan efisiensi 53,85% sampai dengan 84,23%, jika dibandingkan tanpa pengikatan pelampung simpangan yang terjadi 50,00% sampai dengan 72,69% dengan efisiensi 30,19% sampai dengan 71,92%. Pelampung yang terlalu berat akan mengakibatkan perubahan tinggi silt screen arah vertikal menjadi rendah, sehingga fungsi silt screen tidak akan maksimal dalam aplikasinya sebagai penjaring sedimen.

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40

Sharma, D. "Properties of rainfall induced crusts in alluvial soils and their effect on modulus of rupture." Soil Research 23, no. 4 (1985): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850627.

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Crust and bulk soil samples, collected from a semi-arid region, were analysed for different properties. Crust samples had higher clay, silt, water dispersible silt plus clay, bulk density and cation exchange capacity (CEC) than the soil below the crust. Modulus of rupture (MOR) as determined on distributed crust material, showed better correlations with textural parameters viz. clay (r = 0.70), silt (r = 0.68), silt + clay (r = 0.82) and fine sand (r = -0.81) than with other parameters like CEC (r = 0.53), ESP (r = 0.55), exchangeable magnesium percentage (r = 0.46) and exchangeable calcium percentage (r = -0.44). Multiple linear regressions between MOR and different crust parameters showed that clay, silt and ESP accounted for 84.1% variation in MOR in these soils.

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Jamali, Ali Raza, Shamshad Jamali, Asif Ali Kaleri, Abdul Wahab Soomro, Shuaib Ahmed Magsi, Asif Ali Hajano, Hussain Bakhsh Kalhoro, and Muzamil Farooque Jamali. "Influence of Various Nutrient Media on the Seed Germination, Growth and Development of Acacia (Acacia Auriculiformis L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2024): 327–36. https://doi.org/10.55627/agrivet.003.02.0784.

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The present research was carried out in 2022-23 at the SAU Nursery, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. To assess the influence of various Nutrient Media on seed germination growth and development of Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis L.) The experimental trial was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Acacia seeds were grown in Nutrient Media comprising canal silt, farmyard manure, rice husk and dry leaves in (1:1) among the nutrient media comprising canal silt + Rice husk (1:1) has shown the best result in germination and growth parameters. Viz germination (83.33%), plant height (17.70cm), number of branches plant-1 (27.66), fresh biomass of shoot (30.27g), dry biomass of shoot (14.15g), and quality index (0.78) while the poor results was recorded in canal silt germination (23.33%), Based on Nutrient Media, NM3 canal silt + Rice husk (1:1) performed better germination growth and development of Acacia, the present study that the Nutrient MediaNM3 =canal silt + rice husk (1:1) had better result for all parameters. It has been suggested that Acacia may be nourished with Nutrient Media Canal Silt + Rice husk (1:1) and also good in Canal silt + Dry leaves (1:1).

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Wu, Dao Ji, Pei Shi Sun, Jian Peng Shao, Lin Wang, Cheng Long Lv, and Fei Wang. "Study on Hydrocyclone Part of Integration Equipment Used to Pretreatment on High Turbidity Silt Water." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.927.

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The silt content of inlet A, inlet flow B and underflow diameter C were the important factors on the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone, using hydrocyclone for pretreatment of high turbidity silt water. The silt content of inlet selected 5 kg/m3, 4.5 kg/m3, 3 kg/m3, 2.5 kg/m3. Inlet flow rate selected 2.5 m3/h, 2.2 m3/h, 1.8 m3/h, 1.5 m3/h. The optimal solution selected B2A1C2,which was 2.5 m3/h, 2.5 kg/m3and 10 mm. The effects of various factors on the hydrocyclone separation were summarized objectively through the analysis of silt content of overflow and particle size. The result showed that: when the silt content of inlet was kept in a certain range, the medium diameter of overflow decreased to 18μm with the inlet flow rate increasing. Condensed bottle silt can discharged successfully, and the overflow water medium diameter decreased gradually with underflow diameter increasing.

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43

McClung, J. E., and J. D. Mollard. "Predicting settlement at a damsite on a tunnel valley deposit in Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-005.

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During investigations for a damsite on the Sand River, Alberta, an 80 m thick silt deposit in a valley some 500 m across was encountered. The most distinctive feature of the deposit is the uniformity of the silt, with thicknesses of up to 50 m occurring as a single layer uninterrupted by seams of significantly different material. The silt unit is believed to be the result of very uniform, prolonged depositional conditions in a subglacial river. The silt consists largely of silica grains between 10 and 60 μm, and although it contains clay, in some aspects its behaviour is close to that of sand.Evidence suggests that the present valley is a tunnel valley formed by meltwaters flowing through the underside of a glacier. The implications for the engineering geology of the damsite investigated are discussed and some geotechnical properties of this unusual silt deposit are presented, particularly as they affect settlement prediction. Key words: tunnel valley, glacial silt, earth dam, settlement, airphoto interpretation.

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Høeg, Kaare, Rune Dyvik, and Geir Sandbækken. "Strength of Undisturbed versus Reconstituted Silt and Silty Sand Specimens." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126, no. 7 (July 2000): 606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2000)126:7(606).

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Long, Michael, Y. P. Vaid, S. Sivathayalan, Kaare Høeg, Rune Dyvik, and Geir Sandbækken. "Strength of Undisturbed versus Reconstituted Silt and Silty Sand Specimens." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127, no. 11 (November 2001): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2001)127:11(991).

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46

Sai, Zhiyi, Lin Wang, Hongchao Han, Wenjuan Wu, Zhaoyun Sun, Jincheng Wei, Lei Zhang, Guiling Hu, and Hao Wu. "Mechanical and Self-Healing Performance of Yellow River Alluvial Silt Treated with Composite Flexible Curing Agent." Coatings 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060870.

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The silt in the Yellow River alluvial plain has low clay content, low cohesion and poor structure. Its stability has always been a difficult problem in the engineering field. In order to improve the engineering properties of the silt in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River, a new type of silt composite flexible curing agent was prepared by using sintered red mud and matrix asphalt as the main materials to comprehensively stabilize the silt. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sintered red mud-asphalt composite flexible curing agent on aged mechanical properties of treated silt, in which the replacement levels of the flexible curing agent below 10% by weight are compared. Apart from the compressive strength, the drying shrinkage, low temperature freeze-thaw and high temperature self-healing ability are measured. The test results show that the flexible curing agent has a positive effect on improving the mechanical properties of stabilized silt. The flexible curing agent series exhibit higher compressive strength, better water stability, resistance to freeze-thaw and high temperature self-healing ability, and lower drying shrinkage compared to silt and cement stabilized silt. The preferred dosage 4%~6% of the flexible curing agent is obtained by mechanical property analysis. The SEM images show that the incorporation of the flexible curing agent helps the silt form dense cementation and non-connected microporous structure, that is beneficial to the improvement of water stability and frost resistance. The asphalt component in the flexible curing agent can reorganize and diffuse in the soil, fill the internal pores and micro cracks, and realize the repair of soil damage and structural reinforcement.

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Li, Z., J. Zhou, and J. Wang. "Influence of frost heave with confining pressure under seepage on compressive strength of frozen silt in artificial ground freezing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1333, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1333/1/012029.

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Abstract Artificial ground freezing (AGF) is used for constructing subway cross passages in coastal areas. The continuous construction of complex projects (cross-sea or cross-river tunnels) has resulted in freezing environments with high groundwater seepage velocities. Seepage cannot provide an open system in soil freezing for moisture migration, resulting in large amount of frost heave owing to segregated ice compared to close freezing system. The influence of frost heave under seepage on the compressive strength of frozen silt during artificial ground freezing must be studied to ensure AGF construction safety. Thus, a unidirectional freezing device that can control seepage and confining pressure conditions during freezing was designed to prepare frozen silt samples under different seepage velocities with confining pressures and to measure the relevant segregation frost heave. Subsequently, uniaxial compression tests were performed. The compressive strength of frozen silt under the influence of frost heave and seepage conditions was analyzed. The frost heave rate, uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus of frozen silt in an open freezing system were measured. The seepage velocity during freezing increased the frost heave rate of the silt; the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the frozen silt increased subsequently. The effective confining pressure suppressed frost heave of silt and reduced the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the frozen silt. The test results were analyzed considering the segregation frost heave formation mechanism, and a theoretical improvement model of the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of frozen silt related to the content of segregated ice was proposed. This research is significant for ensuring the AGF construction safety in cross-river or ocean tunnel engineering under seepage conditions.

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Xu, Zhao Yang, Shao Jin Wan, and Yao Ren Ma. "Laboratory Tests on the Improvement of Strength of Silt Using Microbes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1620.

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Microbe technology is introduced for improving silt The metabolic outcomes and precipitation of microbes can glue the soil granule,plug mineral lattice crystal,simultaneously strengthen their shear resistance.Characteristics of silt before and after modification are compared by CU triaxial compression test. By Scanning Electron Microscope(ESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX),the modification mechanism of silt has been investigated.The results show that the values φ of silt is increased larger modified by carbonate mineralization microbes, while the value of cohesion increases larger by polysaccharides viscose microbes.

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Jin, Chang Ning, and Yu Hong Zhang. "Influences of Change of Plasma on Strength Property of Eolian Sand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.830.

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The plasma in the eolian sand, included silt particle and clay particle, change easily and hugely. For studying their influences on the strength property of eolian sand, mixed silt particles and clay particles into eolian sand in different proportions to measure the internal friction angle and cohesion under different forming and testing conditions. The result indicates that: for the same kind of test specimen under different test types, the changes of cohesion and internal friction coefficient are regular. For the same test type, the changes of both cohesion and internal friction coefficient of different test specimens are regular. Generally, when the content of silt particles and clay particles is lower than a certain value, the cohesion and internal friction coefficient increase accordingly and rapidly along with the increase of silt particles and clay particles; after the content of silt particles and clay particles is larger than this value, the cohesion and internal friction coefficient increase slowly or decline along with the increase of silt particles and clay particles. The change range of this value is approximately between 45%～65%, the content of silt particles and clay particles. For the purpose of this test, as to the transition of test specimens from typical sandy soil to fine grained soil caused by the increase of silt particles and clay particles, the change point of strength is at 45％ approximately, which is basically consistent with the compacting test and CBR test, etc.

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Zhang, Junran, Zhihao Meng, Tong Jiang, Shaokai Wang, Jindi Zhao, and Xinxin Zhao. "Experimental Study on the Shear Strength of Silt Treated by Xanthan Gum during the Wetting Process." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 6053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126053.

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Abstract:

Traditional materials such as fly ash and lime are generally used to improve soils but can severely pollute the environment. Eco-friendly protocols, such as the application of xanthan gum, are therefore essential for soil treatment. In this study, a series of microscopic tests, water retention characteristics tests, and shear tests were carried out on silt, which are known to have poor engineering properties, to explore the effect and mechanism of xanthan gum treatment on the water retention and shear strength characteristics of silt during the wetting process. The results show that the water retention capacity of the treated silt increases with increasing xanthan gum content, and a hysteresis effect is clearly observed. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the silt strongly decrease with increasing water content, and the strength significantly weakens. However, the strength of the silt treated with xanthan gum is consistently higher than that of the untreated silt. The microscopic tests show that soil pores are gradually filled by xanthan gum with good water-retaining properties, thus significantly enhancing the water retention capacity. Furthermore, the hydrogel that cements the soil particles forms by the bonding effects between xanthan gum and soil particles, which greatly improves the silt strength.

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