Journal articles: 'Silky oak'

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Loewe Muñoz, Verónica Francisca. "Apuntes sobre algunas latifoliadas de maderas valiosas. 4. Grevillea robusta A. Cunn." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 7, no. 1 (July 7, 1993): 25–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1993.181.

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Grevillea robusta es un árbol nativo de Australia, descubierto y descrito por el explorador europeo Alan Cunningham en 1827. La especie pertenece a las angiospermas, dicotiledóneas, familia Proteaceae, y es llamada simplemente silky oak, grevillea géant, roble sedoso, silver oak, he-oak, o simplemente grevillea, y su sinónimo es Grevillea umbricata A. Cunn. Esta especie australiana es la más grande de su género, que comprende más de 260 especies, alcanzando alturas de 40 m y diámetros de hasta 1,2 m. La especie ha despertado gran interés, pues se trata de un árbol de fácil adaptación, de rápido crecimiento y con objetivos múltiples. En su región de origen es la especie de mayor resistencia, regenera vigorosamente y coloniza en forma agresiva las áreas alteradas. Para ser un árbol tan grande crece rápidamente y tiene éxito en un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas y edáficas, lo que lo hace de un gran interés. El éxito que ha tenido la especie se debe entre otros factores a su variedad productiva, no quedando excluida de ningún producto o servicio. Principalmente en las áreas bajas y secas, los agricultores han encontrado que la grevillea se reproduce y maneja fácilmente, presenta buenos rendimientos de leña y postes y no compite notoriamente con los cultivos adyacentes.

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Sharman, K. V. "Herbicides for Container-grown Rain Forest Species." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.303.

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Four granular formulations of preemergence herbicides-oxadiazon, oxadiazon in combination with simazine, dichlobenil, and oxyfluorfen + oryzalin-were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxic effects on 10 species of container-grown Australian rain forest plants. Herbicides were applied at half and at one and two times the manufacturer's recommended rate. Oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, oxadiazon, and oxadiazon + simazine controlled all weed species at half the recommended rates (1.0 + 0.5, 2.0, and 2.0 + 0.5 kg·ha-1, respectively) with no phytotoxic effects after 10 weeks to nine of the 10 rain forest species tested: broad-leafed lilly-pilly [Acmena hemilampra (F. Muell. ex Bailey) Merr. and Perry], red ash [Alphitonia excelsa (Cunn. ex Fenzl) Reisseck ex Benth.], rusty bean [Dysoxylum rufum (A. Rich.) Benth.], macaranga [Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg.], fibrous satinash [Syzygium fibrosum (Bailey) T. Hartley and Perry], Queensland golden myrtle [Metrosideros queenslandica L.S. Smith], cluster fig [Ficus racemosa L.], corduroy tamarind [Arytera lautereriana (Bailey) Radlk.], and celerywood [Polyscias elegans (F. Muell and C. Moore) Harms]. Dichlobenil depressed plant growth of red ash and failed to control bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.) and green amaranth (Amaranthus viridus L.), even at twice the recommended rate (4.0 kg·ha-1). All herbicides applied at half the recommended rates produced minor to moderate plant injury within 5 weeks of the first application to corduroy tamarind and northern silky oak [Cardwellia sublimis F. Muell.]. A second application 10 weeks after the first caused no significant plant injury to corduroy tamarind but resulted in severe plant injury to northern silky oak. This finding validates the previously reported sensitivity of Proteaceous spp. to preemergence herbicides. Chemical names used: (2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4 oxadiazoline-5-one) (oxadiazon); (2-chloro-4,6-bisethylamino-1,3,5-triazine) (simazine); 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil); 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (oxyfluorfen); and 3,5-dinitro-N4,N4 -dipropylsulfanilamide (oryzalin).

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Fedele, Rosemary, Ian E. Galbally, Nichola Porter, and Ian A. Weeks. "Biogenic VOC emissions from fresh leaf mulch and wood chips of Grevillea robusta (Australian Silky Oak)." Atmospheric Environment 41, no. 38 (December 2007): 8736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.037.

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Kalinganire, A. "Floral Structure, Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Viability in Relation to Protandry and Self-incompatibility in Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.)." Annals of Botany 86, no. 1 (July 2000): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1170.

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Spearritt, Peter. "Can Brisbane Remain a Subtropical City?" Queensland Review 10, no. 2 (November 2003): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600003287.

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As the seasons change, public and private gardens become a riot of colour. Winter shows the scarlet flags of poinsettia – Brisbane's emblem, which, if really a Mexican beauty, has made itself very much at home. The lavender glow of jacaranda and the gold of laburnum, the green umbrella of poinciana crowned with gleaming scarlet, the massed magnificence of magenta bougainvillea, the creamy blossoms and heavy tropical scent of frangipani filling the air with sweetness, the glare of cannas, the pink and white of bauhinia, the old-gold feathers of silky oak and the red and green of hibiscus – these are but a few of the array of colours.C. C. D. BrammallBrisbane has been relentlessly cleared since the first British soldiers and convicts set up at Redcliffe and then moved to the site we know as Brisbane today. As in other Australian colonies the new settlers were keen to grow crops and to exploit the timber both as a building material and later as a rich source of export income. While early explorers and botanists recorded the richness of the vegetation most new settlers saw the landscape as a resource to be exploited, not a pristine environment to be treated with respect.

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Lakhchaura, Pallavi, and Manisha Gahlot. "A study on comfort properties of oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (May 9, 2021): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2631.

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Oak Tasar is wild silk with natural golden brown colour and unique texture available in Himalayan region of India. A lot of fibre waste is generated during hand spinning of oak Tasar silk yarn which can be utilized by blending it with compatible fibre to incorporate the properties of both fibres in the yarn. The present study aimed to develop Oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics and study their comfort properties. The oak Tasar silk and acrylic blended plain weave and twill weave fabrics were prepared with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared fabrics were studied for comfort properties like thermal insulation (clo, TIV %), Q-max (warm/cool feeling), air permeability, water vapour transport rate and were statistically analysed. Results revealed that thermal insulation and clo value were found to be increased with increasing acrylic content in the fabric whereas Q- max, air permeability, water vapour permeability values were reduced with the addition of oak Tasar silk fiber in the blend. The 50:50 blended plain weave fabric among the blended fabrics had the highest clo value, i.e. 0.52 and 50:50 blended twill weave fabric had highest Q max value i.e. 0.109W/cm2. It was found from the study that the developed fabrics are comfortable and can be used for light winters.

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Lakhchaura, Pallavi, Manisha Gahlot, and Anita Rani. "Influence of blend ratio on physical properties of oak tasar silk and acrylic blended spun yarn." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2038.

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In this study an attempt was made to utilize the oak tasar silk spinning waste through blending it with acrylic fibre and prepared yarn in mechanised spinning system. The oak tasar silk and acrylic blended yarn were prepared on ring spinning machine with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared yarns were of medium to fine yarn count. Yarn Physical properties of yarns, unevenness and imperfections were studied and statistically analysed. Results revealed that the 100% acrylic and 50:50 tasar acrylic blended yarns had better properties as compared to 60:40 and 40:60. The addition of acrylic fibre content improved the physical properties, unevenness and imperfection of the blended yarns.

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Harris, Roger, Nina L. Bassuk, and Thomas H. Whitlow. "A Window Into Below-ground Growth of Landscape Trees: Implications for Transplant Success." HortTechnology 4, no. 4 (October 1994): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.4.368.

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Root and shoot phenology were observed, and root length within rootballs were calculated for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quecus coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak), Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut), and Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees established in a rhizotron. Easy-to-transplant species (green ash and tree lilac) had more root length within rootballs than difficult-to-transplant species (Turkish hazelnut and scarlet oak). Shoot growth began before root growth on all species except scarlet oak, which began root and shoot growth simultaneously. Fall root growth ceased for all species just after leaf drop. Implications for tree transplanting are discussed.

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Nagal, Anubhav, and Rajeev K Singla. "Applications of Silk in Drug Delivery: Advancement in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 03, no. 03 (2013): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2013.25.

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Silk is one of the important natural protein fibre produced by certain insect larvae, Major source are mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori, Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Oak tasar silkworm Antheraea proyeli, Eri silkworm Philosamia ricini and Muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis. Silk is having pleotropic effect of being novel aid in drug delivery because of its properties like self-assembly, mechanical toughness, processing flexibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Silkworm silk has been widely used as biomedical sutures, 3D- silk fibroin scaffolds, films, nanofibers, nanoparticles, microspheres, for coatings, microneedles etc. Present review article covers these with sufficient information. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

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Harris, J. Roger, and Nina Bassuk. "Seasonal Effects on Transplantability of Scarlet Oak, Green Ash, Turkish Hazelnut and Tree Lilac." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 20, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1994.055.

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Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Corylus colurna (Turkish hazelnut) and Syringa reticulata 'Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees were transplanted bare-root throughout the spring and fall planting season. Post-transplant response was compared with the root growth activity of established trees at the time of transplanting. Root growth rate of established trees at transplanting was not related to transplantability. Green ash and tree lilac transplanted well at all dates. Scarlet oak and Turkish hazelnut transplanted poorly during the late spring and early fall, but survival was good in early spring and mid fall.

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Moreira, Ana Cristina, and Abel Rodrigues. "Effect of Soil Water Content and Soil Texture on Phytophthora cinnamomic Infection on Cork and Holm Oak." Silva Lusitana 29, no. 2 (2021): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/silu/20212902133.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi is an important soil borne plant pathogen, associated to decline of cork and holm oak stands in Iberian Peninsula. This decline results from a complex of biotic and abiotic interactions culminating in root infection. Field observations in cork and holm oak sites suggested an enhancement of soil moisture and texture in decline processes. Greenhouse assays were developed to evaluate the impact of soil moisture and texture on the severity of root infection on both species. Seedlings were potted in P. cinnamomi infested soils with different textures (loamy-sand, clay and silty- loam) combined with different watering regimes (flooding, normal irrigation, and irrigation till wilting and field capacity). The impact of P. cinnamomi infection was assessed through plant biomass, water consumption and root severity. The infection caused either losses of plant biomass (root and shoot) as plants water consumption, in both species, depending on soil moisture and texture. Holm oak plants were more susceptible to P. cinnamomi infection than cork oak, with higher mortality and root degradation. To minimize the risk of infection, watering managing appeared to be an essential condition to optimize plant growth and survival taking also into account the texture and moisture of the soil.

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Li, Q., Y. P. Li, D. Ambühl, Y. Q. Liu, M. W. Li, and L. Qin. "Nutrient composition of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, a traditional edible insect in China: a review." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2019.0059.

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Edible insects are considered to be rich in protein and several micronutrients; therefore, they are regarded as one of the potential contributors to food security. The Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1855), has been collected from oak trees in the wild for at least 2,000 years, and Chinese farmers developed the artificial rearing of Chinese oak silkworms for silk production before the 17th century. Recently, about 5×104 t of A. pernyi, including the fifth-instar larvae, pupae and moths, has been reported to be consumed as food in China per year. A total of 18 amino acids, 16 fatty acids, 13 minerals, 5 vitamins and 7 human hormones have been detected in the larvae, pupae and adult moths of A. pernyi. In this review, we have summarised the complete nutrient composition in the four developmental stages of this economically important insect. All available data suggest that the Chinese oak silkworm is nutritionally rich and healthy and a sustainable food item of the future. This review could provide a podium to the food and animal feed industry for framing a strategy for the intake of A. pernyi in the diets of humans and animals. Moreover, this paper would contribute to advancing the exploration of the developmental and the metabolic biology of the Chinese oak silkworm.

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Kawahara, Y., M. Shioya, and A. Takaku. "Dyeing behaviour of Japanese oak silk fibres treated with methacrylamide." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 113, no. 1 (October 22, 2008): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1997.tb01839.x.

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Kawahara, Yutaka, Masaki Tsuji, Tomohiko Hananouchi, Hidetoshi Tamura, Teruo Kimura, and Shinzo Kohjiya. "Fibrillation Behavior of Silk Fibers from Japanese-oak-silkworm, Antheraea yamamai." FIBER 56, no. 9 (2000): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.462.

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Jia, Yanmei, Bo Liu, Dehong Cheng, Jia Li, Fang Huang, and Yanhua Lu. "Dyeing characteristics and functionability of tussah silk fabric with oak bark extract." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 15 (August 19, 2016): 1806–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516659378.

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Davidson, Hilary. "Reconstructing Jane Austen’s Silk Pelisse, 1812–1814." Costume 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 198–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0590887615z.00000000076.

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This article explores the physical qualities and historical contexts of the silk pelisse coat dated c. 1812–1814 associated with Jane Austen (1775–1817) through family provenance and now held by Hampshire County Museum Services and Archives. The author took an exact pattern of the pelisse (included), then made replica garments. The association with Jane Austen is considered using evidence from Austen’s letters about her tastes in colours, length of fabrics needed for clothing, and ownership of a silk pelisse. The silk’s oak-leaf pattern is interpreted as a British patriotic motif, especially during the period of Napoleonic conflicts. Questions and insights arising from the process of reproduction are discussed, and the pelisse is compared to other surviving garments, and to contemporary fashionable images. As evidence suggests the pelisse probably did belong to Austen, her physical characteristics that can be gleaned from the garment are compared with information about Austen’s appearance.

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Das, Suman, Ashmita Ghosh, Mrinal Ray, Gangesh B. Singh, and Pradip Kumar Baruah. "Eco-friendly Environment of Tripura, India Prove to be a Boon for Tasar Cultivation on Zizyphus mauritiana L." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 01 (January 1, 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.11.

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Indian silk industry is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five known commercial silk, namely, Mulberry, Tropical Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri, and Muga. Among the four varieties of silk produced in 2015-16, Tasar accounts for 9.90%, i.e., 2,818 MT of the total raw silk production of 28,472 MT. In Tripura, the societies are well acquainted with only mulberry silk production. Temperature plays a very vital role in the growth of Tasar (Anthereae mylitta) silkworm also. Anthereae mylitta is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae known commonly as the Tasar silkworm and Vanya silkworm. This species is variable, with at least 44 identified eco-races, populations adapted to varied ecological conditions and food plants. Though Tripura is endowed with well demarcated sub-tropical and temperate zones with a low average temperature of 10°C in the winter season which rises to a maximum average of 35°C in the summer, it supports the cultivation of tropical Tasar silkworm in a very unique manner naturally. The present study analyzes the morphological behavior of the Tasar silkworm in a new environment and its interaction to that particular eco-friendly environment to facilitate the socioeconomic upliftment regarding the sericulture practices exhibited by the rural people of the state of Tripura. This study also proves that in the near future Tasar culture will become a boon to the poor people along with Mulberry cultivation.

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Pooja and Sandeep Bains. "Application of oak tasar waste silk and viscose blended fabrics for apparel purpose." ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE 14, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajhs/14.1/247-250.

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Pooja¬, Dr, Dr Sandeep Bains, and Dr Pritpal Singh. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of oak tasar silk waste/viscose blended knitted fabrics." Pharma Innovation 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i1j.5618.

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Wang, Juan, Shanshan Zhang, Tieling Xing, Banani Kundu, Mingzhong Li, Subhas C. Kundu, and Shenzhou Lu. "Ion-induced fabrication of silk fibroin nanoparticles from Chinese oak tasar Antheraea pernyi." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 79 (August 2015): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.052.

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KIRKKARI, A. M., P. PELTONEN-SAINIO, and L. JAUHIAINEN. "Trichome numbers in naked-oat cultivars." Journal of Agricultural Science 147, no. 1 (December 8, 2008): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008253.

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SUMMARYThe oat kernel, caryopsis or groat, is generally covered with fine silky hairs termed trichomes. The trichomes of naked oat are partly lost during threshing and handling of grains when the lemma and palea are removed and the surface of the grain is exposed. Trichomes can cause itchiness and more serious reactions in those handling the grains. Trichomes also accumulate and form fine dust and can block up machinery. Trichomes are clearly problematic and growers of naked oat are eager to have oat cultivars with reduced numbers of trichomes. Experiments compared the differences in trichome numbers of naked-oat cultivars and threshing settings. The cultivars differed considerably in pubescence. Cultivars Lisbeth and NK 00117 had most trichomes and cv. Bullion the fewest. Completely bare or polished grains were not observed. Pubescence was not associated with grain weight or test weight. However, grains from the lowermost spikelets of the panicle had fewer trichomes than those from the uppermost spikelets. For cv. Bullion, some threshing settings, including increased cylinder speed, slightly increased grain polishing such that grains had some areas completely free of trichomes. Reduction of the concave clearance in the combine harvester had a similar effect. However, threshing settings did not affect the trichomes of cv. Lisbeth. Adjusting threshing machinery settings was generally not an efficient means of solving the problems associated with naked-oat trichomes, but cultivar differences existed and further efforts in breeding to reduce trichome numbers are required.

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Kawahara, Yutaka, and Masatoshi Shioya. "Changes in fiber structure of Japanese oak silk fibers by the treatment with methacrylamide." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 36, no. 4 (July 1997): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222349708220438.

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Hatzinikolaou, Ageliki S., Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos, and Ioannis B. Vasilakoglou. "Influence of Formulation on the Activity and Persistence of Pendimethalin." Weed Technology 18, no. 2 (June 2004): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-121r1.

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The activity of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of pendimethalin was studied using a petri dish bioassay based on root response of corn, oat, sorghum, and sugar beet grown in soil. Furthermore, the oat bioassay was used to determine the activity of EC, microencapsulated (ME), and water-dispersible granule (WDG) formulations of pendimethalin. Also, field persistence in soil of these pendimethalin formulations was studied with petri dish and pot bioassays, based on root response of oat and sugar beet. All bioassays indicated that activity of all pendimethalin formulations was increased with increasing herbicide concentration. In silty clay loam soil, oat and sugar beet exhibited the highest sensitivity to EC-pendimethalin concentrations and corn the lowest; sorghum showed intermediate herbicide sensitivity. EC of pendimethalin showed the highest activity on oat and ME pendimethalin the lowest; WDG-pendimethalin showed similar activity to that of ME pendimethalin. Field persistence was significantly increased with increasing rate of application, but it was slightly increased by the ME formulation.

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Güzel, Emine Torgan, Recep Karadag, and Rezan Alkan. "Durability, Antimicrobial Activity and HPLC Analysis of Dyed Silk Fabrics Using Madder and Gall Oak." Journal of Natural Fibers 17, no. 11 (March 26, 2019): 1654–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1588827.

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QU, X. M., C. F. ZHANG, H. KOMANO, and S. NATORI. "Purification of a Lectin from the Hemolymph of Chinese Oak Silk Moth (Antheraea pernyi) Pupae." Journal of Biochemistry 101, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/101.3.545.

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Chen, Yong-Ming, Gary A. P. Gibson, Ling-Fei Peng, Asim Iqbal, and Lian-Sheng Zang. "Anastatus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae): egg parasitoids of Caligula japonica Moore (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) in China." ZooKeys 881 (October 17, 2019): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.34646.

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Four species of Anastatus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae, Eupelminae) are newly reported as egg parasitoids of the Japanese giant silkworm, Caligula japonica Moore and, as an alternate laboratory host, the Chinese oak silk moth, Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) in China. The four species, A. fulloi Sheng & Wang, 1997, A. gansuensis Chen & Zang, sp. nov., A. japonicus Ashmead, 1904, and A. meilingensis Sheng, 1998, were reared initially from eggs of C. japonica collected in Gansu, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and subsequently cultured in the laboratory on eggs of A. pernyi. An illustrated key to differentiate females of the four species, and males of some of the species is provided. Key features are illustrated, both sexes of the new species are described, and diagnoses of females of the other species are given.

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Owate, Omamo Augustine, Mugo Joseph Mware, and Mwangi James Kinyanjui. "Allometric Equations for Estimating Silk Oak (Grevillea robusta) Biomass in Agricultural Landscapes of Maragua Subcounty, Kenya." International Journal of Forestry Research 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6495271.

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Grevillea robusta is widely interplanted with crops in Maragua subcounty, a practice that enhances biomass quantities in farmlands. However, quick tools for estimating biomass of such trees are lacking resulting in undervaluation of the farm product. This study sought to develop allometric equations for estimating tree biomass using diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as predictor variables. Tree biomass was computed using thirty-three (33) trees randomly selected from 12 one hectare plots established in each of the four agroecological zones (AEZs). DBH of all Grevillea robusta trees per plot was measured and three trees were selected for destructive sampling to cover the variety of tree sizes. Regression analysis was used to develop equations relating DBH/tree height to biomass based on linear, exponential, power, and polynomial functions. The polynomial and the power equations had the highest R2, lowest SEE, and MRE values, while DBH was the most suitable parameter for estimating tree biomass. The tree stem, branches, foliage, and roots biomass comprised 56.89%, 14.11%, 6.67%, and 22.32% of the total tree biomass, respectively. The mean tree biomass density (12.430±1.84 ton ha−1) showed no significant difference (p=0.09) across AEZs implying no difference in G. robusta agroforestry stocks across the AEZ. The allometric equations will support marketing of tree products by farmers and therefore better conservation and management of the tree resource.

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Harris, J. Roger, Nina L. Bassuk, Richard W. Zobel, and Thomas H. Whitlow. "356 ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH PERIODICITY OF GREEN ASH, SCARLET OAK, TURKISH HAZELNUT AND TREE LILAC." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 482a—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.482a.

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Root and shoot growth periodicity were determined for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh.,Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazehut) and Syriaga reticulara (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees. Two methods for determining root growth periodicity using a rhizotron were evaluated. One method measured the extension rate of individual roots, and the second method measured change in root length density. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons, was also evaluated. The root extension method showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. Species with similar shoot phenologies had similar root phenologies when root growth was measured by the root extension method, but not when root growth was measured by the other methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured with the root extension method. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by the other methods.

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Yu, H. M., B. J. Zhu, Y. Sun, G. Q. Wei, L. Wang, C. Qian, M. Nadeem Abbas, and C. L. Liu. "Characterization and functional analysis of serpin-1 like gene from oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi." Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, no. 5 (February 23, 2017): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531700013x.

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AbstractSerpins are a broadly distributed family of proteases found in various organisms that play an important role in regulating the immune response. Here, we identified a serpin-1 gene from Antheraea pernyi that encodes a 279 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 30.8 kDa. We expressed the recombinant Ap-serpin-1 protein in Escherichia coli and used the purified protein to prepare rabbit anti-Ap-serpin-1 polyclonal antibodies. We calculated the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of the antibody as 1:128000. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Ap-serpin-1 was expressed in all examined tissues, including hemolymph, malpighian tubules, midgut, silk gland, integument and the fat body; the highest Ap-serpin-1 expression levels was detected in the fat body. We next investigated the expression patterns of Ap-serpin-1 in both fat body and hemolymph samples, following treatment with E. coli, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). We reported that NPV and M. luteus significantly enhanced Ap-serpin-1 expression in the fat body. While, in the hemolymph samples, treatment with B. bassiana and M. luteus was shown to upregulate Ap-serpin-1 expression at 24 h induction. Altogether, our results suggest that Ap-serpin-1 is involved in the innate immunity of A. pernyi.

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Harris, J. Roger, Nina L. Bassuk, Richard W. Zobel, and Thomas H. Whitlow. "Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (March 1995): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.211.

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The objectives of this study were to determine root and shoot growth periodicity for established Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak), Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut), and Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees and to evaluate three methods of root growth periodicity measurement. Two methods were evaluated using a rhizotron. One method measured the extension rate (RE) ofindividual roots, and the second method measured change in root length (RL) against an observation grid. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons (MR), was also evaluated. RE showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured by RE. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by RL and MR. RE measured extension rate of larger diameter lateral roots, RL measured increase in root length of all diameter lateral roots and MR measured new root count of all sizes of lateral and vertical roots. Root growth periodicity patterns differed with the measurement method and the types of roots measured.

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Werheni Ammeri, Rim, Salma Kloula, and Abdennaceur Hassen. "Microbial richness in sandy-silty soil Tunisia and its role in arid zone fertilization." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.082021.

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Arid zone are stressful environments, typified by alkaline soils low in organic matter, with biologically limiting extremes in water availability, temperature, and UV radiation. This study aims to analyze the microbial diversity of forest soil and its evolution considering climate change in a typical Mediterranean forest of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) and its importance in arid soil fertilization. The investigation was conducted in forest at north-western Tunisia. The study of the quality of the forest soil was based on physicochemical (pH, C, N, EC...) and microbiological (fungi and bacteria) analyses. A collection of strains has been isolated and identified morphologically (form, gram ...) and biochemically (enzymatic activity: catalase, oxidase ...). According to the results obtained, the forest soil has a pH of about 5.03 ± 0.2, C/N ratio 39.82±1.02. The count and fungi, non-filamentous and non-filamentous bacteria on solid soil show a great diversity that confers the fertility of the soil. An important number of strains of actinomycetes (45 isolates) and non-filamentous bacteria (82 isolates) showing distinctive morphological characteristics. The isolates enzymatic activity showed an important value. These obtained results give an idea on the microbe diversity that can be used in the field of bio-fertilization of poor microbial structure soils as the arid zones and oasis system.

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Zou, Deyu, Thomas A. Coudron, Huihui Wu, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang, Weihong Xu, Jingyang Xu, Liuxiao Song, and Xuezhuang Xiao. "Differential Proteomics Analysis Unraveled Mechanisms of Arma chinensis Responding to Improved Artificial Diet." Insects 13, no. 7 (July 2, 2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13070605.

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The development of artificial diets could considerably simplify and reduce the cost of mass rearing of natural enemies compared to conventional rearing methods. However, improvement of artificial diets can be tedious, convoluted and often uncertain. For accelerating diet development, a better method that can offer informative feedback to target deficiencies in diet improvement is required. Our previous research demonstrated several biological characteristics were diminished in the insect predator, Arma chinensis Fallou, fed on an artificial diet formulated with the aid of transcriptomic methods compared to the Chinese oak silk moth pupae. The present study reports differential proteomic analysis by iTRAQ-PRM, which unravels the molecular mechanism of A. chinensis responding to improvements in the artificial diet. Our study provides multivariate proteomic data and provides comprehensive sequence information in studying A. chinensis. Further, the physiological roles of the differentially expressed proteins and pathways enable us to explain several biological differences between natural prey-fed and improved diet-fed A. chinensis, and subsequent proposed reformulation optimizations to artificial diets.

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Gallandt, Eric R., Peter K. Fay, and William P. Inskeep. "Clomazone Dissipation in Two Montana Soils." Weed Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1989): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003150x.

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Clomazone is effective as a chemical fallow herbicide; however, its soil residual properties in the Northern Great Plains are unknown. Clomazone was applied to soil at 0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ai/ha at two locations in Montana in the spring of 1986. Soil samples were taken at each location at monthly intervals for 6 months. Residual levels of the herbicide were estimated by measuring the percent chlorosis by height in oat leaves. Clomazone at 2.2 kg ai/ha applied to a loam soil dissipated to levels below 0.1 mg/kg in 3 months and applied to a silty clay loam soil dissipated to 0.2 mg/kg 6 months after application. Half-lives (t½), determined from first-order rate plots, were 33 and 37 days in the Willow Creek loam and Bozeman silty clay loam, respectively. Thus, clomazone residue from labeled-use rates should not inhibit wheat in a wheat-fallow-wheat cropping system in Montana.

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Ford, Steve. "An Early Bronze Age Pit Circle from Charnham Lane, Hungerford, Berkshire." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, no. 2 (1991): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004540.

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During the course of archaeological investigations in advance of a business and residential development, an unusual structure was discovered. The site is located on a silty clay-capped terrace of the River Kennet immediately to the north-west of Hungerford, Berks, (SU 334692).The structure, initially thought to be a round house, comprised a ring of seven equally spaced pits in a 6 m diameter circle. At its centre was an area of fire-reddened clay over 1 m in extent. Two shallow scoops cut this burnt area (fig. 1). The pits were generally bowl shaped, 60–80 cm across and 15–30 cm deep. Some of the pits had clear evidence for the presence of small posts. These posts had been burnt and replaced on more than one occasion. There was no evidence for an encircling ditch or a covering mound. A single 14C date of 3360 ± 40 BP (BM–2737) was obtained on oak charcoal from pit 5008, which is consistent with the Early Bronze Age date of the pottery.

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Wasilewski, Tomasz, Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Tomasz Bujak, Edyta Szmuc, Dominik Czerwonka, Magdalena Mucha, and Katarzyna Sarna. "The Role of Solid Particles Obtained from Plant Materials in Improvement the Quality of Cosmetic Care Balms." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2313.

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Abstract The sensory properties of cosmetic emulsions are part of the basic properties of products such as face creams and body balms. They are extremely important parameters in the product evaluation by consumers. Cosmetics manufacturers are increasingly introducing ingredients in the form of solid particles (talc, bentonite, clay) into formulations to improve the sensory properties of products. Their addition simplifies the application of the emulsion on the skin, effects faster absorption and leaves a feeling of silky smoothness after application. During the work, we investigated solid particles of plant origin: powder from ground orange peel and oat grain. These ingredients were introduced into the formulation of the model body balms. The antioxidant and physicochemical properties of the obtained emulsions as well as the skin hydration after their application were evaluated. It has been shown that the introduction of solid plant particles increases the antioxidant properties of the emulsions and significantly improves emulsion stability and skin moisture after application.

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Yılmaz Şahinbaşkan, Burcu, Recep Karadag, and Emine Torgan. "Dyeing of silk fabric with natural dyes extracted from cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) and gall oak (Quercus infectoria Olivier)." Journal of Natural Fibers 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2017): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2017.1349708.

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Denton, Savana D., Darrin M. Dodds, L. Jason Krutz, Jac J. Varco, Jeffrey Gore, and Tyson B. Raper. "Evaluation of Cover Crop Species Termination Timing Prior to Cotton Production in Mississippi." Journal of Cotton Science 24, no. 3 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/zcql1443.

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The termination timing of cover crops varies by farm. This research was conducted to determine whether the timing of cover crop termination alters cotton growth and development. The effects of cover crop (crimson clover, cereal rye, oat, and a blend of cereal rye + crimson clover) and termination timing (targeted dates 01 February, 01 March, 01 April, and 01 May) on cotton emergence, plant height, nodes above white flower and yield was evaluated near Starkville, MS on a Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) in 2017 and 2018 and near Tribbett, MS on a Dundee silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic type Typic Endoqualfs) in 2017. Timing of cover crop termination had a transient effect on cotton emergence. Relative to terminating cover crops in March or April, terminating in February or May decreased cotton emergence at 7 days after planting (DAP) by up to 26%. However, by 14 DAP, cotton stand averaged 74,190 plants/ha and there was no effect of cover crop termination timing on emergence. There were modest interaction effects of cover crop and termination timing on cotton development including plant height, number of nodes, and nodes above white flower. Cotton lint yield did not differ due to cover crop species but increased up to 8% when cover crop termination was delayed from February until May. This research indicates that April and May are the optimal times to terminate a cover crop in a Mississippi cotton production system, provided there is a suitable environment for healthy cotton growth.

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Wang, Jiarong, Kun Ma, Maosen Ruan, Yujuan Wang, Yan Li, Yu V. Fu, Yonghong Song, Hongbin Sun, and Junfeng Wang. "A novel cecropin B-derived peptide with antibacterial and potential anti-inflammatory properties." PeerJ 6 (July 25, 2018): e5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5369.

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Cecropins, originally found in insects, are a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Most cecropins have an amphipathic N-terminal segment and a largely hydrophobic C-terminal segment, and normally form a helix-hinge-helix structure. In this study, we developed the novel 32-residue cecropin-like peptide cecropin DH by deleting the hinge region (Alanine-Glycine-Proline) of cecropin B isolated from Chinese oak silk moth, Antheraea pernyi. Cecropin DH possesses effective antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, with very low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Interactions between cecropin DH and the highly anionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane indicate that it is capable of dissociating LPS micelles and disrupting LPS aggregates into smaller assemblies, which may play a vital role in its antimicrobial activity. Using LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, we found that cecropin DH exerted higher potential anti-inflammatory activity than cecropin B, as demonstrated by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines nitric oxide production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α. In conclusion, cecropin DH has potential as a therapeutic agent for both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory applications.

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WRIGHT, A. T. "SEEDBED PREPARATION FOR RAPESEED GROWN ON FALLOW AND STUBBLE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-096.

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Seedbed preparation (SP) systems for Brassica napus and B. campestris cultivars grown on both tilled fallow and on barley stubble were evaluated for 3 yr on Melfort silty clay soil to determine whether the number of tillage operations could be reduced without adversely affecting yield. On fallow, treatments including spring tillage increased the risk of drying out of the seedbed, thereby, delaying crop development and reducing yield. In 1985, this practice delayed maturity by 2.8 d and reduced yield by 225 kg ha−1. In those instances where there were significant differences, SP treatments without spring tillage gave highest yields. Leaving cereal stubble standing over winter to trap snow and incorporating trifluralin in the spring delayed rapeseed maturity by 1.2 d on average. Yield of Tobin rapeseed was unaffected by SP treatment, but the yield of OAC Triton and Westar was highest when tillage was reduced, trifluralin incorporated in the fall and a herbicide used for preseeding weed control in the spring. Direct drilling of OAC Triton gave similar yields to reduced tillage, but this practice resulted in lowest yields of Westar.Key words: Rapeseed, tillage, seedbed, Brassica spp.

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40

Zou, Deyu, Thomas A. Coudron, Chenxi Liu, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang, and Hongyin Chen. "Nutrigenomics in Arma chinensis: Transcriptome Analysis of Arma chinensis Fed on Artificial Diet and Chinese Oak Silk Moth Antheraea pernyi Pupae." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 11, 2013): e60881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060881.

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41

Deveoglu, Ozan, Gokhan Erkan, Emine Torgan, and Recep Karadag. "The evaluation of procedures for dyeing silk with buckthorn and walloon oak on the basis of colour changes and fastness characteristics." Coloration Technology 129, no. 3 (March 23, 2013): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12023.

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42

O’Toole, Adam, Christophe Moni, Simon Weldon, Anne Schols, Monique Carnol, Bernard Bosman, and Daniel Rasse. "Miscanthus Biochar had Limited Effects on Soil Physical Properties, Microbial Biomass, and Grain Yield in a Four-Year Field Experiment in Norway." Agriculture 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8110171.

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The application of biochar to soils is a promising technique for increasing soil organic C and offsetting GHG emissions. However, large-scale adoption by farmers will likely require the proof of its utility to improve plant growth and soil quality. In this context, we conducted a four-year field experiment between October 2010 to October 2014 on a fertile silty clay loam Albeluvisol in Norway to assess the impact of biochar on soil physical properties, soil microbial biomass, and oat and barley yield. The following treatments were included: Control (soil), miscanthus biochar 8 t C ha−1 (BC8), miscanthus straw feedstock 8 t C ha−1 (MC8), and miscanthus biochar 25 t C ha−1 (BC25). Average volumetric water content at field capacity was significantly higher in BC25 when compared to the control due to changes in BD and total porosity. The biochar amendment had no effect on soil aggregate (2–6 mm) stability, pore size distribution, penetration resistance, soil microbial biomass C and N, and basal respiration. Biochar did not alter crop yields of oat and barley during the four growing seasons. In order to realize biochar’s climate mitigation potential, we suggest future research and development efforts should focus on improving the agronomic utility of biochar in engineered fertilizer and soil amendment products.

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Jeon, Jae-Pil, Jae-Sam Hwang, Jeong-Hae Lee, Sang-Mong Lee, Hyun-Ah Kang, and Uik Sohn. "Identification of Highly Active Genes from the Posterior Silk Gland of the Oak Silkworm, Antheraea yamamai, Through Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Strategy." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 3, no. 1 (March 2000): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60053-9.

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ADAMATZKY, ANDREW. "THE WORLD'S COLONIZATION AND TRADE ROUTES FORMATION AS IMITATED BY SLIME MOULD." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 08 (August 2012): 1230028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412300285.

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The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is renowned for spanning sources of nutrients with networks of protoplasmic tubes. The networks transport nutrients and metabolites across the plasmodium's body. To imitate a hypothetical colonization of the world and the formation of major transportation routes we cut continents from agar plates arranged in Petri dishes or on the surface of a three-dimensional globe, represent positions of selected metropolitan areas with oat flakes and inoculate the plasmodium in one of the metropolitan areas. The plasmodium propagates towards the sources of nutrients, spans them with its network of protoplasmic tubes and even crosses bare substrate between the continents. From the laboratory experiments we derive weighted Physarum graphs, analyze their structure, compare them with the basic proximity graphs and generalized graphs derived from the Silk Road and the Asia Highway networks.

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45

Janwgan, J. S., Maneesha Dobhal, and S. C. Sati. "Optimization of dyeing processes by compounds isolated from bark of Myrica esculenta and their spectroscopy identification." Environment Conservation Journal 8, no. 3 (December 24, 2007): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2007.080314.

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Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) commonly known as Kaphal is a small aromatic evergreen tree, abundantly grows in the sub-tropi cal Hi malaya from K ash mi r to Bh u tan . Common l y assoc i ate d wi th Oak an d Rhododenderon forests. The bark of the tree is utilized for its astringent, stimulant and resolvent properties. The decoction of the bark along with cinnamone is given in chronic cough and piles. The bark of the plant is used as a dye in ancient Indian traditions and also as a natural mordant. The berries of the plant is one of th e ri ch est source of wax, u se d as a raw mate ri al for c an dl e an d soap maki ng i ndustrie s. A n umbe r of flavonoids, tannins, Xanthones, terpines and many other anthocyanins have been isolated from the different part of th e plant. The pre se nt pape r de als with isolati on and ch arac te rization of se condary metabol ites namely 2-methyl pyrane 3-O--D-glucoside and Flavone 3,’4,’ dihydroxy 6-methyl 7-O--L-rhamnopyranoside from the plant and optimization of dyeing procedure with isolated compounds on different fibres like silk, wool, cotton etc with and without natural and synthetic mordants. Efforts will be made to check the washing and ligh t fastness properties of dyed samples.

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46

Mansotra, D. K., and P. C. Joshi. "Shifting from semi-domestic to indoor rearing Antheraea proylei Jolly, 1970 of oak gives good results in terms of all parameters of its life cycle (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)." SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 49, no. 195 (September 30, 2021): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.57065/shilap.287.

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The present study aims to evaluate the influence of controlled conditions of temperature and humidity on rearing and economic parameters of the Antheraea proylei Jolly, 1970. The experiments were carried out at Regional Tasar Research Station, Bhimtal (29º21’18”N 79º33’3”E) during the spring season of three years i. e. 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18. In case of the control/indoor conditions the temperature and humidity were maintained at 25 ± 2ºC and 70-75% respectively, with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) hrs., while the outdoor rearing was completely under natural conditions. It was found that the fecundity of a single female moth was 174.80 ± 7.22 under controlled conditions, whereas it was 148.33 ± 9.05 under natural conditions. The larvae showed significantly better growth and development under the controlled conditions resulting in improved economic traits as compared to outdoor/natural conditions. The larval weight showed significant positive correlation with most of the economic parameters, except total larval duration, peduncle length and silk conversion index. The contribution rates of the first 2 principal components were 65.45% and 18.22%. The study suggests that the rearing of Antheraea proylei if carried out in indoor/controlled conditions gives better results and reduces the cost of cocoon production.

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47

Maglione, Michele, Lorenzo Favero, Alessandro Perini, Roberto Di Lenarda, Mario Berengo, Ezio Zanon, and Christian Bacci. "Management of dental extraction in patients undergoing anticoagulant treatment." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 104, no. 11 (2010): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th10-02-0139.

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SummaryFollowing favourable results from a previous study, a large, multicentre, prospective, case-control study was performed to further assess the incidence of bleeding complications after dental extraction in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Four hundred fifty-one patients being treated with warfarin who required dental extraction were compared with a control group of 449 non-anticoagulated subjects undergoing the same procedure. In the warfarin-treated group, the oral anticoagulant regimen was maintained unchanged, such that the patients had an International Normalised Ratio ranging between 1.8 and 4, and local haemostatic measures (i.e. fibrin sponges, silk sutures and gauzes saturated with tranexamic acid) were adopted. All the procedures were performed in an outpatient setting. Seven bleeding complications occurred in the OAT group and four in the control group; the difference in the number of bleeding events between the two groups was not statistically significant (OR=1.754; 95% CI 0.510 – 6.034; p=0.3727). No post-operative late bleeds requiring hospitalisation and/or blood transfusions were recorded, and the adjunctive local haemostatic measures were adequate to stop the bleeding. The results of our protocol applied in this large, multicenter study show that dental extractions can be performed easily and safely in anticoagulated out-patients without any modification of the ongoing anticoagulant therapy, thus minimising costs and reducing discomfort for patients.

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48

Mai, Ngoc Phuong Uyen, and Po-Yu Chen. "Investigation on the Anisotropic Wetting Properties of Water Droplets on Bio-Inspired Groove Structures Fabricated by 3D Printing and Surface Modifications." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (October 24, 2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040174.

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The self-driving structure to orientate the water movement has attracted considerable attention. Inspired by the wedgelike structures of biological materials in nature, such as spider silks and cactus spines, anisotropic spreading can be realized by combining Laplace pressure gradient and hydrophilic surface. In this study, a series of groove patterns were fabricated by a combination of 3D printing and surface modification. PLA pattern was modified by the atmospheric pressure plasma, followed by grafting with hydrolyzed APTES. This work reports the anisotropic transport of water droplets on a series of designed dart-shaped groove patterns with specific angles in the main arrow and tail regions. This structure can induce capillary force to regulate droplets from the main cone to two wedgelike, whereas the droplets are hindered toward the opposite side is oat the vicinity of the groove’s tail. By means of the experiment, the mechanism of water transport in this pattern was revealed. This study can contribute a potential approach to manipulate and apply anisotropic wetting in many fields.

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49

Malik, Najib, and Lawrence Townley-Smith. "Performance of Imazethapyr on Pulse Crops." Weed Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1990): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026415.

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The potential of imazethapyr as a selective herbicide in four pulse crops was investigated at Melfort, Saskatchewan in 1988 and 1989. Lentil, field pea, faba bean and annual vetch were tolerant to imazethapyr applied preemergence to a silty clay loam soil at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 kg ai ha-1. Postemergence treatments above 0.05 kg ha-1, however, stunted lentil and vetch in both years. Environmental factors, the dominant weed in the experimental site, as well as timing of application strongly influenced the performance of imazethapyr. Seed yield increases observed with imazethapyr treatments, compared to metribuzin or untreated check, were greater in 1989 when wild oat was the dominant weed and moisture was not a limiting factor in the early stages of crop development, than in 1988 when field pennycress was the dominant weed. Mean seed yield for all imazethapyr treatments, compared to the check, increased 0 and 930%, 24 and 89%, 21 and 600%, and 47 and 44% in 1988 and 1989, for lentil, field pea, faba bean and vetch, respectively. Significant increases in lentil seed density, seed size, and germination were also obtained though protein content decreased 2%.

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McLaughlin, J. A. "First Report of Armillaria mellea s. str. in Hardwood Forests of Southern Ontario." Plant Disease 85, no. 1 (January 2001): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.1.98c.

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Armillaria mellea sensu stricto (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer has been found infrequently in studies conducted in northeastern North America (2) and it was not found in an earlier survey of northern Ontario (3). In a 1999 survey of Armillaria spp. conducted in central and southern Ontario, A. mellea s. str. was found at four of 110 locations surveyed, two approximately 100 km west and southwest of Ottawa, one 15 km north of Belleville, and one on the Niagara Peninsula in the Balls Falls Conservation Area. At the Ottawa area sites, A. mellea s. str. was found on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) stumps. A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and A. gallica Marxmuller & Romagn. were also found on these sites. At the Belleville site, it was found on a dead co-dominant white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), while at the Niagara Peninsula site it was found on a dead, suppressed beech. A. gallica was also found at these latter sites. Sites ranged from moisture regimes fresh to moist, and from sandy to silty soil from both calcareous and non-calcareous parent material. Four isolates were obtained from infected wood and rhizomorphs and identified by the polymerase chain reaction, yielding restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) products of 500 and 183 base pairs. These fragment sizes are similar to findings reported in an earlier study (4). The identification was confirmed by haploid/diploid pairing. The Balls Falls Conservation Area is in close proximity to extensive fruit orchards and the presence of A. mellea is cause for concern, especially in light of its proven pathogenicity to fruit trees (1). This is the first confirmation of A. mellea s. str. in Ontario. References: (1) J. E. Adaskaveg and J. M. Ogawa. Plant Dis. 74:341–352, 1990. (2) J. T. Blodgett and J. J. Worrall. Plant Dis. 76:166–170, 1992. (3) M. T. Dumas. Can. J. For. Res. 18:872–874, 1988. (4) T. C. Harrington and B. D. Wingfield. Mycologia 87:280–288, 1995.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Silky oak'

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